Indigenous Peoples in Canada.” and ﬁ Nally, There Is One In-House Change Asha Hingorani Indigenous Issues Were Never Ballot-Box Here at P&I

KIRSTEN HILLMAN/THE TRAVERS DEBATES/MAURIL BÉLANGER

EXCUSE THE DISRUPTION: >> Uber & the sharing economy >> Digital governance >> Global internet TV WAKING A SLEEPING

GIANTThe Liberal Party’s legacy will depend on renewing the nation-to-nation relationship with indigenous MPs, says Jody Wilson-Raybould.

BIG TENT CONSERVATIVES Can Stephen Harper’s party rebuild without him? GLOBAL FUTURE Why Hugh Segal’s worried about Canada’s foreign policy.

$6.99 Spring 2016 hilltimes.com/power-inﬂ uence Climate change is now everyone’s business. It’s been a part of ours since 1938.

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COLUMNS CONNECTING THE DOTS: APEC and mental health innovation 15 INSIDE THE POLITICAL TRENCH: U.S. politics, Canadian strategy 16 Spring 2016 JJ ON GENDER: First Nations children 17 CANADA’S BIG CHALLENGES: Innovation and Budget 2016 18 Vol. 5 No. 2 COMMONS UNCORKED: Canadian whisky 79 THE AGENDA Meet TPP negotiator Kirsten Hillman 6 Parliamentary Poet Laureate 8 Protection Charter for Canadians abroad 10 Upcoming events 12 50

IDEAS On the cover: THE ESSAY: Digital governance 66 All politics is local by HUW WILLIAMS 63 KIRSTEN HILLMAN/THE TRAVERS DEBATES/MAURIL BÉLANGER Canada’s global agenda by GINA COSENTINO 70 Protecting Quebec’s English-speaking minority community 72 PEOPLE EXCUSE THE DISRUPTION: >> Uber & the sharing economy >> Digital governance >> Global internet TV SPOTLIGHT: Veteran Liberal David Smith says goodbye 54 WAKING A VISUAL CV: Mauril Bélanger’s strong sense of community 56 SLEEPING

GIANTThe Liberal Party’s legacy will depend PLACES on renewing the nation-to-nation relationship with indigenous MPs, says Jody Wilson-Raybould. WHEN IN: NDP MP Niki Ashton talks about her Churchill-Keewatinook Aski, Man., riding 62 BIG TENT CONSERVATIVES Can Stephen Harper’s party rebuild without him? GLOBAL FUTURE Why Hugh Segal’s worried about Canada’s foreign policy. CULTURE

$6.99 Spring 2016 LMPPXMQIWGSQTS[IVMRÂYIRGI Travers Debates a must-attend event on social political calendar 74 Jody Wilson-Raybould THREE WORDS: Hill staffers talk about what their days are like 78 Photograph by Blair Gable 20 QUESTIONS: The NDP’s Pierre-Luc Dusseault is still the youngest MP 80 ‘The number of indigenous MPs, along with our government’s strong commitment to reconciliation with indigenous peoples, speaks volumes to how far we have come as a country. This makes me so very proud to be both indigenous and Canadian,’ says Justice Minister Jody Wilson-Raybould. P&I photograph by Jake Wright CONTENTS

FEATURES 36 WAKING A SLEEPING GIANT There’s an historic number of elected indigenous MPs in the House of Commons. Will there be an influential shift in public policy? ‘Renewing the nation-to-nation relationship with indigenous peoples lies at the heart of a strong Canada. Our legacy as a government will depend on it,’ says Jody Wilson-Raybould, the country’s first indigenous Justice Minister.

20 UBER AND THE CANADIAN SHARING ECONOMY There’s a structural shift happening in the labour force with rideshare company Uber’s rising prominence across Canadian cities. So far, it’s a municipal issue about licenses, but the implications for the economy go further: from the way taxes are collected to how the government funds pensions. It’s time for the federal government to pay attention.

26 IS BAY STREET STILL A MAN’S WORLD? Women make up 65 per cent of all employees at Canadian banks, but female executives in the financial industry are still few and far between. ‘The boardrooms of Canada do not represent Canadians.’

30 GLOBAL INTERNET TV On its way to becoming the world’s biggest online streaming service, Canada was Netflix’s first international market. But new players such as Shomi and Crave TV are also on the scene and influencing how Canadians consume television in a big way.

46 THE POLITICS OF INFRASTRUCTURE FUNDING Transit experts warn that the new federal government must demand greater accountability from municipal and provincial partners to ensure politics does not trump thorough research in setting infrastructure priorities and squander an opportunity to reinvent exhausted transportation grids across the country. When you choose VIA Rail for your business travel, you help reduce government expenses and create value for taxpayers. Plus, you maximize your productivity along the way. So get on board with train travel today.

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* 30 minutes was added to the total travel time by car in order to account for traffic and bad weather en route. ** The total cost to the taxpayer of travelling by car is calculated based on the following formula: $ cost of travel by car (Treasury Board kilometric rate for Ontario of $0.55/km for car travel by a government official X total distance travelled) + $ employee-related cost (average hourly rate of $48/h for a government employee, based on a salary of $100,000 per year including employee benefits X travel time) = $ total cost to taxpayer *** The value of travelling by train is calculated based on the following formula: $ cost of travelling by car – $ cost of travelling by train = $ taxpayer savings Fares are subject to change without notice. CONTRIBUTORS

MARK BURGESS ANTHONY MARS SHRUTI SHEKAR was deputy JENKINS was is a reporter at editor of The Hill born in Toronto The Wire Report. Times for two where he She received her years, where he delivered the MA in journalism regularly reported Globe and Mail from Western on lobbying and the in his youth, then University and her public service. He’s now a writer and worked at the newspaper as a double BA honours in editor with a magazine in Toronto. cartoonist for nearly 40 years. communication studies and human He now lives in bucolic Mono rights from Carleton University. She (pronounced Moe-no), Ont. was born in India, grew up mostly His work can be viewed at in Singapore and currently resides ALLY FOSTER is a www.jenkinsdraws.com. in Canada. When she isn’t writing freelance journalist about the telecom industry, she who previously creates lifestyle-related videos and was a staff writer has her own mini talk show series on for The Hill Times’ LAURA RYCKEWAERT, her YouTube channel. sister paper, 26, has been Embassy, for almost covering Parliament Hill two years after graduating from MARCO VIGLIOTTI is for The Hill Times Carleton University’s journalism a reporter for The for five years, program in 2012. After hours, she Lobby Monitor, having joined is a very dedicated self-teaching covering the paper shortly sommelier, and a somewhat less business- after graduating from dedicated runner. government Carleton University in 2011. relations and advocacy on the Hill. He worked as a journalist in Alberta, CHRISTOPHER Saskatchewan and southwestern KRISTEN SHANE GULY is a has Ontario before returning to his contributing spent five years hometown of Ottawa. An obsessive writer to The Hill as an editor with political junkie, he can recall exact Times and has Embassy and one seat totals from past federal been a member year before that elections, but routinely forgets items of the Canadian reporting for The on his grocery list. Parliamentary Press Hill Times. She cut Gallery since 1993. her teeth reporting for a weekly newspaper in the booming metropolis of Kincardine, Ont.— JAKE WRIGHT population 7,000—home to what she MARTHA ILBOUDO joined The Hill boasts to be the best sunsets in the Times in 2002 is a freelance world. and has since journalist in covered five Ottawa whose federal elections, work has countless political appeared in conventions and most, the Ottawa Sun, if not all, of Ottawa’s political elite Ottawa Business through his camera lens. In 2010, he Journal and Our Homes Magazine. spent three months in Afghanistan Originally from Ghana, she was five embedded with the U.S. military, years old when her family moved where he never felt more alive. to Canada and settled in Montreal, Que. When she’s not chasing her next big story she doesn’t mind getting lost in a good book or two.

4—Power & Influence, Spring 2016 EDITOR’S NOTE

Editor Bea Vongdouangchanh The change agenda Copy editor Christina Leadlay Contributors t’s 2016, and there’s lots of change coming. One thing that hasn’t changed perhaps as Mark Burgess It’s an overused phrase, but apt for the times quickly as one would hope is the number of Ally Foster Blair Gable I we’re in. women in executive positions in the fi nance Christopher Guly Take, for example, the last election campaign industry. “For a country that prides itself on Martha Ilboudo Anthony Mars Jenkins which had 54 indigenous candidates, 10 of being diverse and inclusive, to think that our Laura Ryckewaert whom were elected. It’s the highest number boardrooms are amongst the worst, globally, Kristen Shane Shruti Shekar of elected First Nations, Inuit and Métis MPs is an embarrassment for us,” says Women in Marco Vigliotti in Canadian history, and as Justice Minister Capital Markets president Jennifer Reynolds (In Columnists Jody Wilson-Raybould says, “It’s a new day for search of the C-Suite, page 26). Keith Beardsley David Crane indigenous peoples in Canada.” And fi nally, there is one in-house change Asha Hingorani Indigenous issues were never ballot-box here at P&I. This Spring 2016 edition is my Jenn Jefferys questions, but “this is changing,” Ms. Wilson- last as editor as I move onto new adventures. Jacquie LaRocque Raybould, Canada’s fi rst indigenous Justice Over the last year, I’ve thoroughly enjoyed Guest columnists Davide Cargnello minister, tells P&I in a Q&A (page 37). “The bringing loyal readers important stories on the Gina Cosentino number of indigenous MPs, along with people, places and ideas infl uencing Canada and Maryantonett Flumian Dan Lamoureux our government’s strong commitment to helping the magazine grow from one edition Huw Williams reconciliation with indigenous peoples, speaks annually to four. I aimed to make Power & Photographer volumes to how far we have come as a country.” Infl uence a unique platform to set the agenda on Jake Wright It’s still too early to tell how powerful or public policy and political trends not only on Vice-president, Sales and Development infl uential this indigenous caucus will be, Parliament Hill, but across this amazing country. Don Turner 613-688-8825 | [email protected] but there’s no denying that the momentum I hope I’ve succeeded. Advertising Coordinator coupled with an $8.4-billion investment in Starting with the next edition, Ally Foster Amanda Keenan the most recent federal budget for indigenous will take over as editor. I’ve had the pleasure of Director of Advertising infrastructure, health and education is changing working with her as an award-winning reporter Steve Macdonald the federal political landscape. Meet the 10 for Embassy News, and as a feature writer for 613-688-8841 | [email protected] indigenous MPs starting on page 36; and read P&I. She is smart, creative, dedicated and I know Directors of Business Development Craig Caldbick how Canada can leverage its priorities on the she will continue to make P&I the best it can be. 613-688-8827 | [email protected] indigenous front to lead a new global agenda by Enjoy the read! Martin Reaume Gina Cosentino (Ideas, page 70). —Bea Vongdouangchanh 613-688-8836 | [email protected] Speaking of the budget, and change, the @bea_vdc Advertising and Sponsorship Executive Ulle Baum federal Liberal government plans to spend 613-240-4622 | [email protected] $11.6-billion on infrastructure over the next Production Manager fi ve years. Experts tell Marco Vigliotti that it’s a Benoit Deneault chance for legislators to ensure that politics don’t Senior Graphic and Online Designer trump good investments—a major difference Joey Sabourin from past infrastructure funding (page 46). Junior Graphic Designer There’s also a change in how technology is Melanie Brown affecting governance. Twitter, Facebook and Web Developer Kobra Amirsardari Instagram are mainstays of the political world now, but beyond social media, there’s a digital General Manager, CFO Andrew Morrow transformation taking place and governments Finance/Administration must begin to deal with disruptive innovations Tracey Wale such as Uber, Airbnb and Netfl ix and how they Reception Alia Kellock Heward affect public policy. Circulation Manager “Governments must rise to the challenge or Chris Peixoto become increasingly irrelevant to their citizens,” Director of Reader Sales Ryan O’Neill write Maryantonett Flumian and Davide Cargnello (The Essay, page 66). “Rather than Publishers Anne Marie Creskey burying their heads in the sand, governments Correction from P&I Winter 2016 Jim Creskey should seize the opportunity to provide the The story “Star staffers bring political savvy to Ross Dickson leadership that the digital revolution requires.” Hill” in the Winter 2016 edition of Power & Infl uence Published by Hill Times Publishing Mark Burgess goes deeper into the world incorrectly reported that Vince MacNeil, chief of staff 2016 Hill Times Publishing to the Government House Leader, previously worked All Rights Reserved. Power & Infl uence of Uber and the rideshare’s lobbying efforts in for Progressive Conservative Senator Lowell Murray, is published four times a year. Canada (page 20) and Shruti Shekar delves into 69 Sparks Street, Ottawa, ON K1P 5A5 crossing “party lines” to do so. He has never worked 613-232-5952 hilltimes.com Netfl ix’s impact on Canadian television viewers for former Sen. Murray, and is “an unwavering Liberal.” (page 30). Power & Infl uence apologizes for this error.

Power & Influence Spring 2016—5 THE PEOPLE, IDEAS & EVENTS INFLUENCING OUR COUNTRY THE AGENDA A labour of love Meet the woman who led Canada into the world’s largest free-trade agreement

Kirsten Hillman, International Trade associate assistant deputy minister for trade policy and negotiations, wanted to be a ballet dancer growing up, but now says she has ‘the best job ever.’ She was the lead negotiator on Canada’s entrance into the Trans-Paciﬁ c Partnership agreement. P&I photograph by Cynthia Münster

BY ALLY FOSTER

hen then-prime minister Stephen agreement the world has ever seen. Over Zealand, but for Ms. Hillman and the W Harper announced in 2011 that the course of the next four years or so, Ms. other hard-working public servants who Canada wanted a seat at the negotiating Hillman and her team of more than 150 shaped the document, the work came to a table for the Trans-Pacifi c Partnership talks, people not only secured a spot for Canada satisfying fi nale in the fall of 2015, when Kirsten Hillman got the call. in the partnership, but also negotiated the negotiations concluded. The trade lawyer had just returned from and concluded the deal between 12 Pacifi c “Often, in the public service, there are a posting in Geneva, where she was the nations, stretching from Japan to Chile. many things we do that are ongoing in head of Canada’s legal offi ce at the World Together, the countries involved in the the name of Canadians,” she tells Power & Trade Organization. agreement represent 40 per cent of the Infl uence. But to have a project that has a The ask: put together a team, and global economic output. tangible start and a successful culmination, strategize how to get Canada welcomed to On Feb. 4, International Trade Minister you feel a sense of immense satisfaction, the largest and most ambitious free trade Chrystia Freeland inked the deal in New she adds.

6—Power & Influence Spring 2016 THE PEOPLE, IDEAS & EVENTS INFLUENCING OUR COUNTRY THE AGENDA

Ballet bar to the legal bar environmental law transitioned into very end, in the Fall of 2015 when there working on how Canada’s trade agreements was the added pressure of a federal election The personable, and smart-as-a-whip interact with and affect its environmental looming and the talks in the fi nal stages. public servant, who is now the associate commitments. “That’s when we had to bring our assistant deputy minister for trade policy Her litigation experience then allowed job home,” she says. There was a thrill to and negotiations (meaning she oversees all her to move into the world of trade law, actually completing a hugely ambitious of Canada’s trade policy and negotiating where she defended Canada in disputes task as public servants, she adds, explaining agenda), didn’t always have her heart set on before the World Trade Organization, that most civil servants work towards an globe-trotting or international litigation. and was posted to Geneva as the head of ethereal vision for the benefi t of an entire As a teenager, she had high aspirations Canada’s legal offi ce at the WTO. country. to be a professional ballet dancer—perhaps When she moved home from Geneva, She says she was amazed to watch too high, physically. As she explains, her Mr. Harper announced his interest in people from different departments and genes had other ideas about her career. Canada exploring discussions at the TPP with different objectives work creatively Once she sprouted a foot-and-a-half table. At that time, Ms. Hillman was and collaboratively on one document. taller than her peers—nearing the six- named as the senior offi cial responsible for When everyone can represent both their foot mark—she recalls with a laugh that, securing Canada’s entrance into the talks. department as well as the overall, mutual “people subtly and kindly said, ‘Maybe “I was really honoured, and proud,” she goal in a transparent and dedicated way, that’s not going to work out for you.’” After says. “I was very familiar with all aspects of “magic can happen,” she says. that “heart breaker,” she began considering our trade rules. … That made me the right a range of options, which she explains have kind of person.” A passion for public policy remained ever-evolving, and certainly not It took her about a year to put together She will take lessons-learned about linear throughout her career. a team and a strategy, and to conduct teamwork, global ‘big picture’ ideas, and She studied philosophy at the University introductory visits to all of the TPP public policy with her in her new role. of Manitoba, with the inkling of perhaps countries, she recalls. Not only does she work on shaping becoming an academic. Following that, she Over the course of the next several Canada’s trade agenda and new areas of went to McGill University for law school. years, she would travel around the globe opportunity, but she problem-solves when It was there that she unearthed a passion many times over. She visited Asia more there’s any trade disruptions or issues. that would ultimately lead her to the times than she can remember, and also had “I have a very, very strong love for position of Canada’s top trade negotiator the chance to explore regions she says she public policy and the creation of public for the world’s largest multilateral trade most likely would have never visited, such policy,” she says. “My view is that this is the agreement. as Borneo, Brunei and Guam. best job I ever could have had.” “I articled in a law fi rm in Montreal Perhaps the best part of the work was The coming year is looking exciting, she and we did some very interesting litigation leading and watching an immense group of says. She will be assisting the international work … on a Charter of Rights case,” dedicated public servants, from a multitude trade minister in ratifying the TPP deal that she explains. Loving the charter-related of disciplines, work towards one vision, she she worked so hard on, as well as bringing work Ms. Hillman secured a job at the says. into force the Comprehensive Economic Department of Justice. “I’m a huge ‘team person,’” she says, and Trade Agreement with the European adding that it’s become “the thing I believe Union and the bilateral agreement between ‘The best job ever’ in the most.” Canada and Ukraine. By the time Canada negotiated the “Every single one of those people She says she feels “privileged” to be able Kyoto Climate Change agreement in worked their hearts out,” she says. “There’s to represent Canada on the world stage, the mid-1990s, she was working in no question in my mind that everyone and continue to work internationally with environmental law, and was one of the brought the very best they could to this other nations. lawyers advising the negotiating team. initiative. They did so relentlessly, tirelessly, “I think it makes you a very good public “It was about that time that I realized, and over a number of years—sometimes servant, and Canadian, and probably a ‘Oh my gosh, I have the best job ever,’” she at diffi cult sacrifi ces, social sacrifi ces and good citizen of the world, to step outside of says. “And it’s been that way ever since.” family sacrifi ces.” your environment and to look at the world Eventually, Ms. Hillman’s efforts in The toughest moment was towards the through other people’s eyes,” she says.

TPP The 12-country Trans-Paciﬁ c Partnership agreement represents $28.5-trillion and 40 per cent of global economic output. It spans four continents and 800 million people. The Canadian $28.5 government has promised to invest $4.3-billion over 15 years $4.3 to protect current dairy, chicken and egg farm revenues as TRILLION TPP countries will receive tariff-free access to 3.25 per cent of Canada’s dairy market and 2.1 per cent of its poultry market. BILLION

Power & Influence Spring 2016—7 THE PEOPLE, IDEAS & EVENTS INFLUENCING OUR COUNTRY THE AGENDA Canada’s poet laureate gets to work

hen three-year old George Elliott Parliamentary Poet W Clarke awoke from his afternoon Laureate George nap by the sudden rapture of noise and Elliott Clarke chaos that was slowly trickling onto the says he wants parliamentarians streets of Halifax on Nov, 22, 1963, little did to consider the he know that the world he left behind in his impact poetry childlike slumber would not be the same. has on politics At approximately 3 p.m. news of the and public policy. assassination of then-U.S. president John Photograph F. Kennedy had just broken. In his native courtesy Library of home of Nova Scotia, the ripple effect of Parliament Kennedy’s death was felt by all, even an impressionable would-be poet, who, while sitting in the front seat of his father’s pick- up, would fi rst learn the truth about death. “That made a huge impression on me and maybe that’s why history remains so important to me in my poetry. It’s one of the constant themes I go back to. A historical incident, historical event—it’s George & Rue: A Novel (2012) and Trudeau: always been a staple for me,” says Mr. Parliamentary Long March/Shining Path (2007). He Clarke, Canada’s Parliamentary Poet Incendiary graduated from the University of Waterloo Laureate. By George Elliott Clarke and holds a master’s degree from Dalhousie Appointed to the position on Jan. 5, University and a PhD from Queen’s 2016, Mr. Clarke says he hopes to use his We do not want Parliament set afi re University. In 2013, he was a visiting role to “encourage parliamentarians to use By anything but Passion to do right. professor at Harvard University. playful speech that will make the issues of What must blaze Commons and Senate are sheets Created in 2001, the role of the today more vivid, more comprehensive and Of paper, that Wisdom and Justice light. Parliamentary Poet Laureate is to more urgent.” What happened in 1916—those sparks encourage and promote the importance For example, he says, hot-button issues That Chance or Choice set charring the public of literature, culture and language in such as climate change can be brought to House of parley (which gives the Throne the Law)— Canadian society. Mr. Clarke is the seventh the foreground by using the ‘treasure house’ Proved true, eternal fl ame is the power to speak. Poet Laureate and holds a two-year term. of poetry that is available to further propel Mr. Clarke says it wasn’t until he was arguments of persuasion. This poem was written to commemorate the 100th an- 15 that he began to appreciate words and “Essentially I have an opportunity now niversary of the fi re that burned down Centre Block. diction. He says he was trying to write to try to reach out to parliamentarians songs and in his research found that great and ask them to consider poets and their songwriters were really great poets. “I constituencies,” he tells P&I. “One of the Mr. Clarke began his illustrious career as thought if I wanted to be a really good ideas I would like to see implemented a poet at the tender age of four when he songwriter I should really be a poet,” he before my term is up is to have some kind recited his fi rst rhyme while waiting for says. “You become an instrument for the of constituency-by-constituency poetry the bus with his brothers and father on language which is for the most part vast, map of Canada … essentially lines of Barrington Street in downtown Halifax. for the most part undying. You serve the poetry that would speak to the people.” He is a writer, poet and playwright, known language. Language doesn’t serve you.” Born on Feb. 12, 1960, in Windsor, N.S., for work such as Illuminated Verses (2005), —By Martha Ilboudo

Former prime minister Stephen Harper has joined two privates clubs in PERTOLEUM RANCHMEN’S Calgary. He is an honorary member of the Calgary Petroleum Club and CLUB FEES CLUB FEES a “privileged” member of the Ranchmen’s Club of Calgary. The regular $2,625 $2,112 membership fee for the Petroleum Club is a $2,625 ﬂ at rate and an additional $105 monthly, although Mr. Harper’s honorary membership ﬂ at rate annually is free. The membership for the Ranchmen’s Club ranges from $2,000 to $3,000 in one-time fees and an additional $2,112 annually.

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Visit Sezlik.com/listings to view all listings and more details! Proud partner of: [email protected] *Based on residential sales, closed & collected commissions in 2015. THE PEOPLE, IDEAS & EVENTS INFLUENCING OUR COUNTRY THE AGENDA 12-step program Mohamed Fahmy calls on federal government to adopt a Protection Charter for Canadians abroad

he obligation to provide consular journalist syndicate, bringing in equipment Tservices to Canadians abroad should be without the approval of security offi cials, enshrined in law, says journalist Mohamed broadcasting “false news” on Al-Jazeera Fahmy, a Canadian detained in an and using a hotel as a broadcasting point Egyptian prison for more than a year without permission. He spent time in on unfounded terrorism charges. three prisons and told P&I that he “Amidst the despair I felt while was not physically tortured, but locked up in solitary confi nement rather psychologically tortured in an Egyptian jail, I hoped that in solitary confi nement for more Canadian offi cials would do than a month and was starved on everything possible and necessary occasion. to secure my freedom,” Mr. In the fi rst prison he was at, Fahmy said. “But at the highest he said there was no access to levels of government I was let anything so he started a mock down and virtually abandoned.” radio show. “I had a small hatch It’s why he’s working with on a thick metal door that was Amnesty International to bring overlooking the corridor with all the forward a Protection Charter to cells lined up. So I would call everyone help Canadian citizens, permanent at eight o’clock at night to come closer residents and others with close Canadian to their hatch and we would start a radio ties who are imprisoned abroad on a more mock show that we took very seriously consistent basis. ‘My release comes with a every single day,” he said. “We prepared “It is a 12-step program that can responsibility and a platform,’ the questions beforehand, we prepared provide consistent, effective and practical says Mohamed Fahmy. the topics we were going to discuss and it assistance whenever Canadians are held P&I photograph courtesy Mohamed Fahmy was extremely interesting because we were abroad. It will help ensure that other interviewing Al Qaeda veteran fi ghters, Canadians do not go through what I did,” we were interviewing [Islamic State] ISIS he said, unveiling the plan in Ottawa in nationalities experiencing human rights sympathizers.” January. violations abroad, “it should never serve as He returned to Canada in October The charter calls on the federal an excuse for taking no action or for lesser 2015 after receiving a pardon from the government to ensure that consular effort being expended.” Egyptian president. He said he is currently assistance is equal for everyone who needs The charter also says that a safety and writing a book about his experience, it, rather than only those with money or security code for media outlets should expected out this summer, and is taking political connections, and that the criteria be created in order to protect Canadian every opportunity to speak about the for help is transparent. An independent journalists abroad. importance of press freedom and human commissioner of consular affairs should be Mr. Fahmy was an Al-Jazeera reporter rights violations. “My release comes with a established, the charter says. in Egypt when he was arrested and charged responsibility and a platform,” he said. In addition, for those with dual for not being registered with Egypt’s —Bea Vongdouangchanh

We haven’t always gotten it right. We’re a young country, and we’re still learning. But the steady pace of Canada’s progress offers some reassurance,” writes Prime Minister Justin Trudeau in Global Progress: New Ideas for the Future of the Progressive Movement, published by Canada 2020 on its 10th anniversary recently. The booklet, presented in partnership with the Center for American Progress, features commentary from former U.K. prime minister Tony Blair, former U.S. president Bill Clinton, Australian Labour Party leader Bill Shorten and German vice-chancellor Sigmar Gabriel, among others.

10—Power & Influence Spring 2016 Diplomacy and foreign policy just married politics and government. Every Wednesday in print Every day online

Call Chris at 613-688-8822 for a free trial.

www.hilltimes.com/global THE PEOPLE, IDEAS & EVENTS INFLUENCING OUR COUNTRY THE AGENDA

Art in embassies The U.S. embassy has renewed its Art in Embassies program of Contemporary Conversations with the National Gallery of Canada. American artists are invited to discuss not only their art, but also cross-cultural issues (political or otherwise). Kiki Smith, whose work is exhibited at the National Gallery until April 24, was in Ottawa on March 31 for the Contemporary Conversations event. Up next is Theaster Gates, pictured, who will be at the gallery on May 12. Mr. Gates explores issues of land use, space policy, and race in his work. Theaster Gates, 2015 Photo: Sara Pooley, courtesy of the artist

The Walrus Talks issues from culture to business to of life” featuring First Nations The Walrus hosts events across politics will be discussed on May Health Authority chief medical the country to inspire conversations 11. CBC’s Unreserved host Rosanna ofﬁ cer Evan Adams and author Bill between Canadians about big ideas. Deerchild will be on a panel with Richardson. On April 27, the topic is vice, held spoken word artist Zoey Pricelys in Toronto, Ont. Panelists include Roy, hip hop artist Lindsay Knight Political conventions Ian Brown, Torquil Campbell, (aka Eekwol) and actor and activist The Liberal and Conservative Terry O’Reilly and the University of Tom Jackson among others. The parties of Canada will hold Toronto’s Jordan Peterson. They’ll event takes place at the Winnipeg policy conventions, both on the discuss whether there can be virtue Art Gallery (300 Memorial Blvd.). same weekend, from May 26 to without vice at the Isabel Bader Energy will be the topic at the 28. The Liberals will hold theirs Theatre (93 Charles St. W). May 26 event in Edmonton, Alta., in Winnipeg, Man., while the The talk will then move to and art on May 30 in Calgary, Alta. Conservatives will hold theirs in Winnipeg, Man., where indigenous On June 2, the topic will be “quality Vancouver, B.C.

12—Power & Influence Spring 2016 THE PEOPLE, IDEAS & EVENTS INFLUENCING OUR COUNTRY THE AGENDA

Press Gallery Dinner suffering for years from cyber abuse, Talk by Mi’kmaw elder and poet Rita Joe The Parliamentary Press Gallery will spoke out against harassment and about her experience at residential school hold its annual must-attend and regularly bullying on YouTube and later committed was composed for the stage through sold out dinner this year on June 4 suicide. The music was composed for music and dance by John Estacio. at the Canadian Museum of History the NAC by Jocelyn Morlock. Roberta “What inspired me was looking at these in Gatineau, Que. The gallery will be Bondar’s expertise as an astronaut, four remarkable Canadian women who celebrating its 150th anniversary where a physician, scientific researcher, and have found through different sacrifi ces and book on the gallery’s history will also be photographer have been interpreted in challenges, their voices,” Mr. Shelley said. unveiled. Bondarsphere by Nicole Lizée for the NAC The event takes place on May 19 at the through soundtrack and video. I Lost My National Arts Centre in Ottawa. Politics & the Pen This one is an annual Hill staple for media and politicians. The Politics and the Pen gala will toast some of the best in Canadian political non-fi ction. Finalists for the Shaughnessy Cohen Prize for HOW DO YOU KEEP REAL ESTATE VALUES Political Writing are Greg Donaghy for Grit: The Life and Politics of Paul Martin Sr.; Norman Hillmer for O.D. Skelton: GROUNDED IN REALITY? A Portrait of Canadian Ambition; John Ibbitson for Stephen Harper; Andrew Nikiforuk for Slick Water: Fracking and Reliable property values based on professional One Insider’s Stand Against the World’s valuation practices are essential to the stability of Most Powerful Industry; and Sheila Watt- Canada’s real estate market and fi nancial system. Since Cloutier for The Right to Be Cold: One 1938, the Appraisal Institute of Canada’s designated Woman’s Story of Protecting Her Culture, appraisers – AACITM and CRATM – have provided real the Arctic and the Whole Planet. The estate expertise to Canadian homeowners, lenders, winner will be announced on April 20 at businesses and governments–helping them make the Chateau Laurier in Ottawa. informed decisions about their property. We are 200 years of Sir John A. Canada’s professional appraisers of choice, and ensure property values remain grounded in reality. The Library and Archives and the Canadian Museum of History will commemorate the 200th anniversary of the birth of Canada’s first prime minister, Sir John A. Macdonald. The two will “present a small selection of unique artifacts documenting the private life, public face and enduring appeal.” The exhibit is ongoing in the Special Exhibits corridor. Life Refl ected National Arts Centre artistic director Alexander Shelley is bringing the lives of four women to the stage to discuss contemporary issues in music, motion and word. The orchestra will address issues of youth, courage, memory and residential schools among others in Valuations | Appraisal review | Consulting four parts. Dear Life by Alice Munro—a Feasibility Studies | Due Diligence reflection on memory, childhood and the formative stages of life—was composed Learn more about AIC-designated appraisers by visiting for the NAC by Zosha Di Castri. My Name is Amanda Todd is the story of AICanada.ca 15-year-old Amanda Todd who, after

Power & Influence Spring 2016—13 THE PEOPLE, IDEAS & EVENTS INFLUENCING OUR COUNTRY THE AGENDA

Energy Inc., prospective liquefi ed natural Obtaining social license gas producer Woodfi bre LNG Inc. and multinational mine operator Hudbay Minerals Inc., amongst others. When he fi rst started lobbying, he here’s a shift t o a more consultative the government’s goals regarding the says the main focus of his work was governing style which presents economy, the environment and its social and corporate policy and then Tnumerous opportunities relationship with indigenous the broader regulatory framework. The for natural resources fi rms peoples. “It’s going to provide focus now, he says, is squarely on winning to tout their strong track companies with a lot of public acceptance or approval for major record, despite being seen opportunities to actually resources projects, known as obtaining as potentially the most profi le the complexities social license. impacted sector from the of their businesses … In essence, local resources projects Liberals’ commitment [including] a lot of the that require federal approval have become to curbing greenhouse positive things they part of the broader national discussion on gas emissions, says Hill do that people do not energy and the environment in what he and Knowlton Strategies understand about them calls the “trickle-up effect,” as fi rms attempt consultant Ryan Clarke. because they were always to gain public support. The Liberal government being looked at in isolation “The public has been evolving a recognizes that policy choices do not exist around one specifi c issue or ask,” little bit. They are defi nitely becoming in isolation and there are often overlapping says Mr. Clarke who previously worked more aware of these sorts of projects,” priorities, says the former Hill staffer. in former International Trade minister he says, noting that this shift has led to For example, an oil and gas policy Jim Peterson’s offi ce and was a registered an increasing nationalization of local is now being studied for how it impacts lobbyist for Calgary-based Talisman concerns. —Marco Vigliotti

We’re all connected

uccessful political movements bring white guy who is doing the same job or Speople together to achieve change, says comparable job would be the biggest American author and renowned feminist economic stimulus we could possibly Gloria Steinem, pictured right. have,” she said. “In the States it would put “We must realize we are all $200-billion more into the economy. ” interconnected, and all movements are She explained that equal pay for equal interconnected, and I believe we are in that work would go far for single-parent and stage now,” Ms. Steinem told a sold-out female heads of households, whose children crowd at the Broadbent Institute’s Progress often rely more heavily on social services. Summit on April 1. “What we struggle for “Equal pay would diminish the need for is that we are, as human beings, linked, social services. It is a win-win,” she said. not ranked and that we are linked to the Her keynote, titled “Bridging environment. And I think that once we movements: Feminism, Anti-Racism and have it in our minds, we can never, never the Intergenerational Fight for Equality” unremember it.” also touched on the racism of U.S. Ms. Steinem, a former journalist and Republican candidate Donald Trump founder of Ms. Magazine, also said that pay (who she called a con-man); the feminist equity is important in today’s economy. beginnings of the union movement; and “For women of all races and ethnicities the role of women of colour in pushing and groups to be paid the same as a social change. Photograph by Cynthia Münster

I’m a big fan of nudges … but nudges are a very modest attempt to interfere minimally, often at a very low cost, when you’re politically somewhat helpless, in ways that that help people,” says Eldar Shaﬁ r, a professor of psychology and public affairs at Princeton University, at a Behavioural Economics for the Public Sector event organized by the Privy Council Oﬃ ce’s Innovation Hub in Ottawa in March. “But there’s a lot more than that. And if you think about what policy does throughout, whether it’s the design of emergency rooms or what it takes to make a nation healthy and happy, there are profound psychological questions that lie at the core of what we do.”

14—Power & Influence Spring 2016 MENTAL HEALTH-CONNECTING THE DOTS

CANADA STANDING OUT IN MENTAL HEALTH INNOVATION AT APEC

As Canadians we tend to be timid in many global policy areas, but mental health is truly an area where Canada has never taken a back seat.

ast quarter I wrote about Canada’s crucial, the Canadian military and among fi rst responders. yet mostly unknown, leadership role in An estimated two-thirds of indigenous survivors of helping Asia-Pacifi c Economic Cooperation residential schools have suffered from PTSD. (APEC) economies adopt principles for Not only will Canada’s leading role in this global Lethics in the biopharmaceutical sector. Those exact effort, which will formally be launched later this principles will act as guidelines for industry within year, ensure the inclusion of issues important to the 21-member countries to implement codes of Canada, such as mental wellness among indigenous ethics of their own. With Canada’s help we have peoples, but it will also allow Canadian leaders in the potential to revolutionize healthcare systems government, NGOs and industry the opportunity around the world. to be at the forefront of the battle against mental JACQUIE I made a case for a health care system Canada illness. LAROCQUE can stand behind, but there’s more to the story still, Canada and its APEC partners face similar and again Canada is at the centre. obstacles to mental wellness. Family physicians Jacquie LaRocque is principal There truly is no shortage of innovative projects commonly lack the specialized training in the early of Compass Rose Group, a underway for Canadians. These projects will have a diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders, while public affairs collective in clear impact on the Canadian health sector, and the more than half suffering depression-related illnesses Ottawa. She is a former senior work speaks for itself. will leave their doctor’s offi ce without effective adviser to a Liberal minister of The APEC forum has chosen Canada to become solutions. international trade, a former public servant, and she has a global centre of excellence in mental healthcare. Canada’s work at APEC will also address other been involved in the mental This will involve hosting an international digital obstacles such as shortages of specialists, inadequate health community in various hub to coordinate and promote advanced research prevention programs, and limited access to quality capacities for much of the past from some of the world’s leading universities and care with continuity and effective medications. decade. health institutes involved in the diagnosis, treatment As Canadians we tend to be timid in many and public awareness of mental disorders. global policy areas. But mental health is truly an The APEC hub, which will be hosted at the area where Canada has never taken a back seat. University of British Columbia in collaboration In keeping with Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s with the University of Alberta and the Mood vow to make the fi ght against mental disorders a Disorders Society of Canada (MDSC), will serve priority, this international effort fronted by Canada as a permanent and far-reaching working effort will help to strengthen ties between Canada and between Canadian mental health researchers across some of our most important trading partners, the country and their counterparts in the United including China, Japan and South Korea. States, China, Japan, South Korea, Australia and Canada’s strong initiative for APEC is a bold more than a dozen other economies of the Asia- move, but it’s a sign of a country that is strong, Pacifi c region. aligned and proactive. And Canadians stand to benefi t most. Canada’s Too many suffer from mental health disorders leadership in the project will benefi t those without adequate treatment. Health care touches all Canadians suffering with mental disorders by Canadians in the most personal of ways, but these guaranteeing access to world-class research from aren’t personal problems. across Canada and the APEC economies, and to Canada’s leadership in this unprecedented the latest breakthroughs in early intervention and program will benefi t Canadians suffering from treatments. mental health problems by guaranteeing access to As MDSC and others have advocated for before, the resulting world-class research, best practices there is an urgent need to address mental wellness and global breakthroughs in early intervention in Canada. Mental disorders are one of Canada’s and treatments for sufferers, and assistance to their leading healthcare challenges. Among Canadian families and caregivers. military members and veterans, First Nations, Inuit If there is something our health care system and Métis and youth, depression is the second most should be proactive about, this is it. Canada’s frequent cause of death. Over the past decade, rates action on this program warrants national pride and of post-traumatic stress disorder have doubled in attention.

Power & Influence Spring 2016—15 INSIDE THE POLITICAL TRENCH-U.S. STRATEGY

Don’t be smug: importing U.S. political strategy to Canada happens all the time

e have all had a lot of fun watching team that created the issues for the Chrétien the Donald Trump show in the Liberals to handle. Issues management eventually W United States and of course people moved to PMO in 2006, but it switched its focus up here in “politically correct” to a defensive role. Incidentally, Carville was also Canada have done their fair share of fi nger hired by the Liberals on occasion to help train pointing at him. There has been much said by staff. political pundits, the media and even politicians The Harper PMO often looked to Australia for about how awful American politics has become, examples that could work here. Internally there but is this a sign of what is to come in Canada? was a lot of discussion that focused on what and Over the years we have seen much of what is how the Australian parties did things. In addition, KEITH practiced in the United States slowly blend into we had members of one of the Scottish political BEARDSLEY the Canadian political landscape. Many of us can parties visit our war room in 2006 to see how remember the introduction of some of the very we ran a campaign including our rapid reaction Keith Beardsley was a fi rst negative attack ads in the U.S. The “Daisy team. The Liberals in 2012 held a convention in ministerial chief of staff in Girl” ad used in the 1964 presidential campaign by Ottawa and among the presenters were some of Progressive Conservative Lyndon B. Johnson against Barry Goldwater is one U.S. President Barack Obama’s campaign’s digital prime minister Brian of the most famous ones. The George H.W. Bush experts to explain how to use modern technology Mulroney’s government, campaign successfully used attack ads against to build voter databases and use it to win worked in former PC leader Michael Dukakis in 1988. In the Canadian election elections. On the Conservative side, The Manning Peter MacKay’s offi ce in of that year, the Liberals ran one of my all-time Conference in Ottawa, which is often viewed as 1997 and joined Stephen Harper’s opposition leader’s favourite ads on the free trade issue showing an a training ground for Conservatives, also invites offi ce after the merger of the eraser wiping out the Canadian border if the political experts and trainers to give lectures. PC and Canadian Alliance Mulroney Conservatives won. When attack ads So while Canadian pundits and media types parties. He worked in the were fi rst introduced in the U.S., we gloated that like to think that we are different, I would be wary Prime Minister’s Offi ce from Canadians were different, but today such ads are a of being too smug. For those who think that it 2006 to 2008. regular occurrence here. While Canadians still like couldn’t happen here, we only have to look at the to say they don’t work here, we know they do— media frenzy generated by one man, who like just ask Stéphane Dion or Michael “Just visiting” Trump is not a politician and who aimed a few Ignatieff. words at the Premier of Alberta. In this case it was Some readers may remember the presidential Kevin O’Leary who got the media all worked up, debates between John F. Kennedy and Richard especially when he speculated he might run for the Nixon. Today in Canada, we can’t have an election Conservative leadership. without some type of leaders debate. As boring as Politics is often described as a blood sport with they often are, they involve weeks of negotiations a winner-takes-all attitude. The strategies and between the various political camps and the media political tactics used south of the border should spend hours trying to rev up the public’s interest matter to us as they do have a tendency to cross in them. that invisible barrier. After the federal election in 2000 (in which One last point that might help to illustrate this the Progressive Conservatives didn’t fare too can be found in the 2008 presidential campaign. well) the House of Commons research budget John McCain’s Republican Party ran an attack was so small we had to cut costs and that meant ad aimed at Barack Obama that included the tag cutting staff. The net result was a very small staff line: “But, is he ready to lead?” That’s very similar that wasn’t able to fi nd the time to do the type of to the Conservative attack ads aimed at Justin opposition policy research needed. That was the Trudeau which claimed he is “Just Not Ready.” reason we switched tactics and using the example As Canadians, we should be paying very close of Bill Clinton’s adviser, James Carville, I set up a attention to what works and what doesn’t work in permanent war room under the guise of “issues this latest presidential campaign—it does matter management.” In those days we were an attack to us.

16—Power & Influence Spring 2016 FIRST NATIONS CHILDREN-JJ ON GENDER FIRST NATIONS CHILDREN LEFT OUT TO DRY IN LIBERAL GOVERNMENT’S PRIORITIES

ot long ago, I stood just a few metres falls far below what the Canadian Human Rights back from Prime Minister Justin Tribunal has requested in order to close the Trudeau on the day the Truth and funding gap for First Nations children. Reconciliation Commission released According to the federal budget, $71-million Nits fi nal report on the Canadian residential school will be put forward between 2016 and 2017, then legacy. The air in the room was heavy, sobering, $99-million from 2017 until 2018 toward First and rich with sage. Many, if not all, of our eyes, Nations children. Blackstock said anything below were clouded by tears as we looked on to witness $200-million annually will barely scratch the Justice Murray Sinclair, Chief Wilton Littlechild, surface of the severe socio-economic structural and Dr. Marie Wilson collectively cap off an discrimination that has plagued First Nations historic six-year mandate—one that laid bare the children for decades. JENN horrifying residential school experience for what It’s not easy to criticize a budget that blows JEFFERYS it was: a sickening, culturally genocidal institution the previous government’s so aggressively out designed by racists to “kill the Indian in the child.” of the water in terms of its focus on the plight Jenn Jefferys is a strategic Our new PM was given the opportunity to of indigenous peoples. The Harper government communications consultant speak, and it quickly became evident that he, earmarked $200-million a year over fi ve years and writer based in too, had been crying. He spoke very plainly and for First Nations education in and $500-million Ottawa. She has managed passionately, and expressed his government’s over seven years to improve First Nation school communications and media commitment to mend these broken relations infrastructure. There’s no denying the difference in relations for the Native (or more accurately, to grow these non-existent priorities between Trudeau and Stephen Harper, Women’s Association of relations). He spoke of his desire to implement but we can’t overlook the criticisms. Canada, for Equal Voice all 94 of the TRC’s recommendations, and During a panel discussion on March 29 National, and has worked in digital communications on of his government’s grand plans to achieve on Al Jazeera’s The Stream, Pam Palmater, Parliament Hill. Follow her on “reconciliation” between the Crown and all Isadore Day and Erica Lee illustrated an array Twitter at @jennjefferys or indigenous peoples. Even for a cynical politico, of issues within this budget. For starters, the reach her at jenn.jefferys@ this moment was as moving as it was powerful. $8.4-billion investment may not actually amount gmail.com. Shortly thereafter, following a decade of to $8.4-billion. As Palmater outlined, this fi gure fi ghting an uphill battle with little to no resources entirely hinges on the Liberal Party of Canada’s or staff, Cindy Blackstock and her small but re-election as only $5.3-million can legally be mighty team confi rmed that the Canadian federal spent within this government’s elected mandate. government deliberately discriminates against Palmater also argues that the vast majority of First Nations children living on reserves with these public funds are being distributed in a regards to healthcare, education and child welfare neo-colonial fashion, given that funding will services. There are more indigenous children in be distributed to Canadian public institutions, federal care right now than at the height of the to reserves which were created to maintain the residential school period; a staggering 163,000. Western status quo, and to the Martin Aboriginal With a new government more open to working Education Initiative. with indigenous peoples, there was much hope for Clearly our new government, complete with some real action (or should I say Real Change™) a highly accomplished cabinet of half women that First Nations children might be able to look and half men have been exceptionally busy, but toward a future of equal opportunity. somewhere between the press conferences, fl ights The federal budget was tabled in March, to Sweden and photo ops with Barack Obama, featuring $8.4-billion in funding for indigenous one extremely important demographic (the fastest peoples. Inadequate housing, lack of healthcare growing one in the country according to Statistics and dental care, lack of running water, lack of Canada) has been left out to dry—First Nations adequate education, and sheer and utter lack of children. Blackstock is right—something must social services are all daily realities many First be done to save these children now, before yet Nations children face. Unfortunately, this budget another generation is left behind.

Power & Influence Spring 2016—17 CANADA’S BIG CHALLENGES-INNOVATION ECONOMY

MORNEAU’S GOT BOLD RHETORIC ON AN INNOVATION AGENDA, BUT CAN HE DELIVER?

n his fi rst budget speech, Finance Minister Bill Morneau promised that within the next year the government will deliver its innovation Every government, it agenda—“a new vision for Canada’s economy seems, sets out a lofty agenda Ias a centre of global innovation, renowned for its “ science, technology, resourceful citizens and globally to promote innovation, just as competitive companies.” This, he said, will set out “our every government worries about plans for real change.” our disappointing productivity The budget documents went further, proclaiming performance, mindful of the “the government is defi ning a new vision for reality that it is only through DAVID Canada’s economy: to build Canada as a centre of global innovation. Canada will be propelled by its sustained gains in productivity CRANE creative and entrepreneurial citizens; its leading that living standards improve.’ science and technology; its excellent innovation David Crane is an award- infrastructure; and its globally competitive companies box. What measures it does adopt in the budget refl ect winning journalist with special interests in the offering high quality products and services, thriving conventional thinking, and some of its proposals economics of globalization, within a business environment that supports may take us in the wrong direction, given that federal innovation, sustainable commercialization and growth.” dollars are scarce. development and social It would be great if they can pull it off, even To be sure, the budget is right in focussing on equity. He can be reached though the Liberals largely ignored the challenge in education, to the extent that it does, because talent at [email protected]. their election platform. In fact, it is critical that we increasingly is the key to innovation and prosperity. develop a more innovative economy. As it is, Canada’s tech sector is desperately short of the As the budget explains, we are living in a world of talent it needs for growth. disruptive technological change, shifting centres of Spending on infrastructure and clean technologies economic power and the demographic challenge of an could be a spur to innovation. But this will only aging society, with more Canadians now over the age happen if governments at their three levels get over of 65 than under the age of 15. This last fact means the big barrier that prevents smaller companies with there will in the years ahead be fewer Canadians of new technologies from getting a chance to show working age to support the older population. “This what they can do in the home market. Today, in fact, combined with disappointing productivity infrastructure projects, for example, the focus is on gains” the budget said, “will make achieving strong, the cheapest price. This is a signifi cant barrier for inclusive growth even more diffi cult.” Innovation does smaller companies with disruptive new technologies matter because it is probably the only way out of this for infrastructure to overcome. And if they cannot sell potential predicament. at home, their export prospects are dim. The same But every government, it seems, sets out a applies to clean technology companies. lofty agenda to promote innovation, just as every Much of the proposed federal spending, on government worries about our disappointing incubators for start-ups and tax credits for labour- productivity performance, mindful of the reality that sponsored invested funds, is misplaced. Likewise, it is only through sustained gains in productivity that while the budget recognizes that one of Canada’s living standards improve. biggest problems is scaling up smaller companies with Brian Mulroney had his Prosperity Initiative. Jean excellent technologies to suffi cient size that they can Chrétien’s government even had two exercises. The pursue foreign markets and sustain investment in fi rst, under the direction of then-Industry minister advancing their technologies, it misunderstands the John Manley, was to develop a federal science and issue, implying that scaling up is about taking tiny technology strategy. Subsequently, the Chrétien businesses into small businesses. The real challenge government also pursued, a few years later, a national is how to scale up to bigger businesses that are in the innovation agenda. The Mulroney and Chrétien $500-million to $1-billion-plus business size. government initiatives all included extensive national It would be premature to dismiss in advance consultations. Stephen Harper’s government had a Trudeau government innovation agenda. The its Mobilizing Science and Technology for Canada’s government deserves the chance to show what it can Advantage strategy, laid out in its early budgets. They do—and whether it can really come up with bold new all fell short of delivering what was promised. Will the ideas and make painful choices. But we should not Justin Trudeau government be any different? over-invest in the rhetoric in Morneau’s fi rst budget. Morneau’s fi rst budget is only a fi rst step, but it We need to see how his government plans to actually does not show any propensity to think outside the implement his bold words. 18—Power & Influence Spring 2016 En choisissant VIA Rail pour vos voyages d’affaires, vous aidez le gouvernement à réduire ses dépenses et permettez aux contribuables d’économiser. De plus, vous maximisez votre productivité. N’attendez plus, partez en train dès aujourd’hui!

MC Marque de commerce propriété de VIA Rail Canada inc.

Liaison Nombre Distance Temps Temps Coût du voyage Coût du voyage Économies pour de départs productif non productif en voiture** en train le contribuable par jour en train en voiture* (à partir (voyage en train)*** de seulement)

Ottawa Toronto Jusqu’à 16 450 km 4 h 01 min 4 h 34 min 467 $ 44 $1 423 $

Ottawa Montréal Jusqu’à 12 198 km 1 h 47 min 2 h 27 min 227 $ 33 $1 194 $

Ottawa Québec 2 482 km 5 h 23 min 4 h 39 min 488 $ 44 $1 444 $

Toronto Montréal Jusqu’à 17 541 km 4 h 34 min 5 h 30 min 562 $ 44 $1 518 $

1 Les employés du gouvernement du Canada peuvent profiter de tarifs spéciaux pour leurs voyages d’affaires réservés par l’entremise des Services de voyage partagés. Les employés du gouvernement du Canada sont aussi admissibles à un rabais de 10 % sur leurs voyages personnels réservés auprès de VIA Rail. * 30 minutes ont été ajoutées à la durée totale du voyage en voiture afin d’inclure les retards dus au trafic et au mauvais temps. ** Le coût du voyage en voiture est calculé selon la formule suivante : coût en $ du voyage en voiture (taux de 0,55 $/km établi par le Conseil du trésor pour l’Ontario pour une voiture conduite par un employé du gouvernement X distance parcourue) + frais en $ d’employé gouvernemental (taux horaire moyen d’un employé gouvernemental de 48 $/h selon un salaire de 100 000 $ par année, y compris les avantages sociaux X durée du voyage) = coût total en $ pour le contribuable. *** L’économie pour le contribuable associée aux voyages en train est calculée selon la formule suivante : coût en $ du voyage en voiture – coût en $ du voyage en train = économies en $ pour le contribuable. Les tarifs peuvent changer sans préavis. FEATURE-SHARING ECONOMY

Ride-share company Uber continues to battle municipal and provincial officials who, for the most part, haven’t warmed to its disruptive service. Although the transportation and labour rules that govern its activity are not regulated federally, there are concerns this new type of worker is eroding ‘traditional jobs’ and affecting the government’s tax base. It’s time the feds weighed in, experts tell MARK BURGESS. uber-sizedAn in the sharing shift economy

he most interest a federal politician has taken in Uber, the ride-sharing service that has given municipal politicians fi ts, was probably back in October 2014 when John Baird, then-minister of Foreign Affairs, T tweeted his dissatisfaction with Ottawa’s existing taxi service. “75 minutes. 5 calls. No cab. Tonight I see the need for more competition with @Uber,” Mr. Baird wrote. Since Mr. Baird’s social media broadside, the company has received scant attention among federal lawmakers: a few throwaway mentions at parliamentary committees; a speech in the Commons from former MP Maria Mourani calling for regulatory action against a company that “siphons money from Canada but does not pay taxes”; and support for taxi drivers from Liberal MP Raj Grewal when they took to the Hill in February to protest Uber. But while federal politicians have, for the most part, gladly left the sharing economy quagmire to their counterparts at the provincial and municipal levels (Mr. Baird’s intervention, after all, took place during a municipal election and was seen by some as meddling), the federal bureaucracy has taken a quiet interest. A team of deputy ministers put together a report last year on Uber and other companies operating in the “sharing economy,” the Competition Bureau has written a policy paper and hosted a conference on the topic, and the Canada Revenue Agency briefl y turned to Federal Court to have Uber open its books for an audit. While Uber has been busy lobbying in city halls and provincial legislatures for more than a year, it only recently added a federal component to its campaign. In January, StrategyCorp partner John Duffy registered to lobby the Prime Minister’s Offi ce on the company’s behalf. The longtime Liberal strategist has advised Paul Martin and Bob Rae at the federal level and worked on provincial campaigns for Dalton McGuinty and Kathleen Wynne. The registration is to arrange meetings “to discuss the economic and environmental impacts of the sharing economy and its ability to contribute to solutions for issues around income inequality.” No meetings had been reported at press time.

20—Power & Influence Spring 2016 P&I Illustration by Anthony Jenkins

Power & Influence Spring 2016—21 FEATURE-SHARING ECONOMY

AN UBER CAMPAIGN “To date [Uber has] been quite aggressive in terms of setting up their operations,” said Sunil Johal, policy director at the Mowat Centre at the University of Toronto who co-authored a report on the sharing economy. “Their general approach is to come in to a city, set up shop with public opinion on their side, and hope that regulators legalize their services. And if not, hope that public opinion puts enough pressure on regulators to permit them to operate.” The company is adjusting, though, becoming less combative and looking to engage politicians. The shift began in the U.S., when image problems led to the 2014 hiring of David Plouffe, who managed the 2008 Obama P&I Illustration by campaign, as senior vice-president Anthony Jenkins of policy and strategy. In a statement announcing the hire, Uber CEO Travis Kalanick likened his company to So what role can the feds take in deciding a “candidate” in the middle of a “political Uber’s fate? While the ride-sharing company campaign.” continues to battle municipal and provincial offi cials Ian Black, the company’s general manager for who, for the most part, haven’t warmed to its disruptive Canada, made this reset offi cial in a December 2014 service, the transportation and labour rules that govern address to the Canadian Club in Toronto, when he talked its activity are not regulated federally. about Uber’s “missteps” and becoming “a more humble Questions to the PMO about the government’s role company.” in regulating the sharing economy were directed to In his public statements, Mr. Black has played up Transport Minister Marc Garneau’s offi ce, which said Uber’s benefi ts, from reducing drunk driving to creating Transport Canada “has no role to play in regulating ride- jobs to lowering emissions by having fewer cars on the sharing services like Uber.” road. The company now welcomes regulation, just not In an email response to questions about why Uber the existing ones; it maintains new licensing categories is lobbying federally, what role the federal government are needed. has in regulating it, and how the company contributes to Mr. Black, whose father is Alberta Conservative solutions for income inequality, Uber spokesperson Susie Senator Doug Black, is joined by a number of former Heath only said the company would “welcome working politicos in Uber’s Canadian management. Ms. Heath, collaboratively with the federal government as they the senior communications associate, was press secretary examine the implications of the sharing economy at a to Liberal government ministers, including Ontario national level.” Finance Minister Charles Sousa. But Uber’s approach is about far more than Adam Blinick, Uber’s public policy lead, worked as regulatory wins. It’s about winning hearts and a special assistant in former prime minister Stephen changing minds, and getting involved at the Harper’s offi ce and for various ministers: he was deputy federal level can’t hurt. chief of staff and policy director to Steven Blaney at

In Toronto, the city’s 5,000 Uber, valued at more than licensed taxis provide $50-billion, has more than 50 full- about 65,000 rides per day, time Canadian employees in ofﬁ ces compared with 17,000 UberX in Toronto, Montreal, Ottawa, rides a day, according to Edmonton and Calgary. It has statistics supplied by Uber 22,000 drivers across the country Canada.

22—Power & Influence Spring 2016 XXXXXX-XXXXX

Public Safety and Denis Lebel’s policy StrategyCorp and Campaign Support Ltd. director at Transport. Jean-Christophe are also registered to lobby municipally in de Le Rue, the company’s senior Toronto. communications associate, was Mr. In Quebec, Cohn & Wolfe consultants Blaney’s communications director. Public François Crête and Geneviève Benoit are UBER SAVINGS policy manager Michael Van Hemmen, registered to lobby provincial politicians COMPARED TO TAXIS based in Vancouver, is another former and offi cials as well as the City of ACROSS CANADA federal Conservative staffer who manages Montreal on behalf of Uber. The taxi the company’s lobbying in Western industry also has lobbyists engaged on its Average Canada and Colorado. behalf in Quebec and Ontario. City savings Uber, valued at more than $50-billion, In Alberta, Uber is registered to lobby has more than 50 full-time Canadian in-house and with Impact Consulting’s Toronto 50% employees in offi ces in Toronto, Montreal, Elan MacDonald. In B.C., Earnscliffe Ottawa 44% Ottawa, Edmonton and Calgary. It has Strategy Group consultants were lobbying 22,000 drivers across the country, many for the company from September 2014 Montreal 41% of them operating in a legal grey zone as to March 2015. One of them, Brittney Kitchener-Waterloo 40% many municipalities slowly come around Kerr, is now a B.C. adviser in the PMO. to developing new regulations. Consultants from Maple Leaf Strategies London 40% The company has heavyweight have taken over, including Dimitri Calgary 36% consultants working various city halls Pantazopoulos—a conservative strategist and provincial legislatures to make sure and pollster who advised Mr. Harper and Edmonton 31% it plays a part in that. At Queen’s Park, former Toronto mayor Rob Ford before Hamilton 29% Uber has StrategyCorp consultants, working in Premier Christy Clark’s offi ce. including Mr. Duffy, lobbying the Liberal Uber was also lobbying in-house in Quebec 24% government, as well as National Public Manitoba until January, that province’s —Source: The10and3.com Relations consultant Joseph Finkle, the registry shows, and before that with lobbying registry shows. Lobbyists from consultants from DFH Public Affairs.

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Power & Influence Spring 2016—23 FEATURE-SHARING ECONOMY

New York. Ashton Kutcher, an Uber investor, is known to make appearances at the “Uberversity,” the San Francisco Uber gets a big edge in their training program where new corporate hires are fl own for training. “profit margins by not having employees, by vigorously denying WHAT ROLE FOR THE FEDS? that they’re employees and Mr. Johal told P&I there are “defi nitely potential saying that they’re independent linkages between the sharing economy and many federal contractors. That’s a shift in the government priorities,” including the environment and climate change, with the possibility of lowering structure of our labour force emissions by getting more cars off the road. There are and, given the way our taxes are also economic opportunities. collected, it’s something the “If companies like Uber and Airbnb are giving people a chance to earn an extra couple hundred dollars a week federal government should be at a time when the economy is struggling in many parts looking at.” of the country, that’s something the government really needs to look at,” Mr. Johal said in a phone interview. —Mark Thompson, professor emeritus “We should be trying to maximize people’s opportunity at UBC’s Sauder School of Business to make extra income and this is may be one opportunity to do that.” That said, the sharing economy is also “probably not one of the top 10 or 20 things [the federal Liberals] have to worry about right now,” Mr. Johal said, and any The campaign goes much deeper than its policy team federal role would likely be a convening one, bringing and consultants, though, and into the realm of populist other governments together to come up with common and civic actions. Advertising agency Rethink developed solutions. a multiple award-winning campaign for Uber on St. The PCO report on the sharing economy, completed Patrick’s Day 2015, building a breathalyzer into a kiosk in in February 2015 and recently posted on its Innovation downtown Toronto that automatically ordered free rides Hub website, raised a number of regulatory issues for anyone who blew over the legal limit. In July, Uber including labour laws, privacy, safety and taxation. delivered customers free ice cream; in August, its drivers The report said the new type of worker the sharing brought puppies to offi ces for 15-minute play sessions, economy creates could require a redesign of programs with money going to animal shelters. The UberEats such as Old Age Security and Employment Insurance. It service in Toronto matched food orders over lunch one raised concerns about how unreported income and “the day in September, delivering additional meals to those in erosion of traditional jobs” could affect the government’s need. The company has partnered with veterans group ability to provide social assistance. True Patriot Love, Mr. Black told the Canadian Club, Mark Thompson, professor emeritus at UBC’s Sauder “empowering” veterans to use the Uber platform “to School of Business, made a similar point. build their own small businesses.” “Uber gets a big edge in their profi t margins by Uber also has a knack for using local infl uencers not having employees, by vigorously denying that to support its cause, from music producer Deadmau5 they’re employees and saying that they’re independent picking up passengers in his $300,000 McLaren 650S contractors,” he said in a phone interview. when UberX launched in Toronto, to former Dragon’s This puts a larger burden on the drivers for Den investor Brett Wilson in Calgary, to Kate Upton in everything from health benefi ts to car repairs, he said.

UBER IN MONTREAL:

A ride is ordered on the Uber platform in Montreal once every nine seconds. 68 per cent of UberX rides in Montreal are one-way, which means that an alternative means of transportation is used for the return trip. 28 per cent of UberX rides in Montreal start or end near a Metro station – usually between the user’s home and a station. 50 per cent of Uber’s driver-partners work fewer than 10 hours a week and 70 per cent work fewer than 20 hours a week. Uber says the average hourly income earned by UberX driver-partners in Montreal is $22.40.

24—Power & Influence Spring 2016 SHARING ECONOMY-FEATURE

And as the sharing economy grows, it will mean fewer The bureau also hosted a conference on emerging people covered by federal taxation the way standard competition issues in January, where it noted another employees are. potential area for regulation: the massive amounts “That’s a shift in the structure of our labour force of data companies collect as they monitor users’ and, given the way our taxes are collected, it’s something transactions. “Big data” has implications for regulations the federal government should be looking at,” he said. related to privacy and consumer protection, a summary Among the areas of possible federal government document of the conference said, and regulators could action, the PCO report said it could examine federal seek access to some of the information for city planning, deﬁ nitions of full- and part-time employment and how social policies and law enforcement. it calculates labour market statistics. It could also review “If companies like Uber are giving more choice and the labour market assumptions used in designing welfare better customer service in an industry, then governments state programs such as the Canada Pension Plan, Old Age need to take a hard look at whether that’s a sign that Security and Employment Insurance to make sure they some of these industries may not have been meeting reﬂ ect “the changing nature of work.” customer demand in the best way that they possibly The Competition Bureau has mostly welcomed the could have,” Mr. Johal said. “If the public interest is challenge Uber brings to taxi monopolies. In November, our guiding principle, that should help government it released a white paper calling for looser regulations on policymakers address what types of rules should be put taxis rather than increased regulations for Uber. in place.”

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In search of the C-SUITE

Women make up 65 per cent of all employees at Canadian banks, but female executives in the financial industry are still few and far between. Bay Street is still a boys’ club, experts tell ALLY FOSTER.

26—Power & Influence Spring 2016 XXXXXX-XXXXX

Toronto-Dominion’s Beata Caranci, pictured, is the only female chief economist among Canada’s six largest banks. P&I photograph by Cole Burston Power & Influence Spring 2016—27 FEATURE-WOMEN IN FINANCE

self-described feminist, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced on March 8— International Women’s Day—that the next series of Canadian bank notes would feature Aiconic females. But, while women may soon adorn the MAUREEN JENSEN currency we use, they are still noticeably absent from Organization: Ontario Securities Commission the boardrooms in Canada’s fi nance sector, say pundits. Position: Chair About the OSC: The Commission is Ontario’s watchdog for capital markets, ensuring that investors In fact, a recent study conducted by the are protected in a fair and effi cient Peterson Institute for International Economics economic environment that has stringent securities regulations. found that Canada ranked in the bottom 10 A fi rst (x2): Ms. Jensen is the fi rst countries globally in terms of gender diversity in woman to lead Canada’s largest capital markets regulator, and also corporate leadership roles. the fi rst chair to be appointed from There are exceptions: women such as within the agency, according to The For a country Globe and Mail. Maureen Jensen, the chair of the Ontario Securities Commission; Kathleen Taylor, “that prides itself on the chair of the Royal Bank of Canada; Cindy Forbes, the executive vide-president being diverse and of Manulife; and Mary Turner, the CEO inclusive, to think of Canadian Tire Bank and Canadian Tire Financial services. that our boardrooms But many observers say that Bay Street, and are amongst the its infl uence on federal fi nance policy, is still very much a man’s world. worst, globally, is an BRIGITTE PARENT The silver lining, critics say, is that there is embarrassment for us.” Company: Sun Life Financial renewed interest in many sectors, including Canada Position: Senior vice-president, fi nance, to give equal opportunity to women. —Jennifer Reynolds, Women in individual insurance and wealth For many years, this issue has been a priority since 2012. Capital Markets president Company’s worth: for organizations such as Oxfam and campaigns $1.76-billion in net worth such as 30 by 30 (which aims to have 30 per A signifi cant (and growing) fi le: Ms. Parent’s fi le is responsible for cent of the world’s investable capital managed retirement planning, an enormous by women by 2030). However, Mr. Trudeau’s portfolio, considering that Statistics Canada projects the number rhetoric on the issue, including forming a economist among Canada’s six largest banks— of seniors in Canada to double gender-equal cabinet, has lent new, widespread the Toronto-Dominion Bank’s Beata Caranci. during the next 25 years, reaching an estimated 10.9 million by 2036. interest in the cause. Meanwhile, only 19 per cent of senior economic staff are female. A LONG WAY TO GO Even Canada’s economic-focused think tanks “We’re not at parity, but absolutely there’s have a disparity. Twenty-nine per cent of the a new enthusiasm for addressing these issues,” research organizations’ in-house economists says Barb Orser, a vice-dean with the University are women, the study found. of Ottawa’s Telfer school of management. She Some experts say that social norms, stigmas adds that Mr. Trudeau is an example of one about gender roles, and uneven distribution potential solution to the inequality: executive of unpaid work (often household chores, and leadership that makes no excuses, and actively caring of children and the elderly) are to blame KATHLEEN TAYLOR seeks out capable women from an enormous for women being passed over for high-level Company: Royal Bank of Canada talent pool, giving them the chance to prove positions. Position: Chair since Jan. 1, 2014 Company’s worth: $34-billion themselves. At a panel discussion held by Hill Times A true trailblazer: The former CEO Indeed, there is no lack of talent to choose Events on March 8, Brittany Lambert, who leads of Four Seasons Hotels is the fi rst woman to become the chair of the from. In fact, women are now more likely research and advocacy on gender inequality for board for a major Canadian bank. than men to have higher levels of education in Oxfam Canada, told the audience that women in Canada, according to Statistics Canada. Canada do twice the amount of unpaid work as And yet, according to a study done by men, which can affect their choice of pursuing The Globe and Mail, there is only one chief demanding and tenure-driven positions.

28—Power & Influence Spring 2016 WOMEN IN FINANCE-FEATURE

Jennifer Reynolds, president of Women in “For a country that prides itself on being Capital Markets, says relative to other sectors, diverse and inclusive, to think that our the fi nancial realm has been putting a focus on boardrooms are amongst the worst, globally, is gender parity and is faring better than some an embarrassment for us,” says Ms. Reynolds. trades. But, she cautions, the sector still has a “We need to work on this. It has to be less long ways to go. ‘clubby’ in the boardroom. We need to have There’s a large number more robust processes of women, overall, in the around recruitment. We fi nancial sector; 60 to 65 need to have term limits CAROL BANDUCCI $1,236.88 Company: IAMGOLD per cent of bank employees The average weekly wage for women in the so people can’t sit on a Position: Executive vice-president, are women, she says. “The Professional Occupations in Business and board for 15 years. … The chief fi nancial offi cer since 2007. Finance Industry classifi cation. Men’s wages Ms. Banducci manages the fi nancial, critical problem is getting in the same category, by comparison, are boardrooms of Canada do information technology and investor women into the leadership $1,495.52 on average, according to Statistics not represent Canadians.” relations portfolios for the mining giant. Canada. Company’s worth: $3.25-billion roles.” Get out from behind the desk: There has been a great ‘NO BIGOTRY IN Ms. Banducci is a jet-setter, 30 emphasizing in interviews and deal of talking about The key number in the 30 by 30 campaign, THE BUSINESS’ speaking engagements that she creating change over the which aims to have 30 per cent of the world’s Ms. Reynolds says believes executives should see the investable capital managed by women by the work their company does fi rsthand, past several years, she year 2030. that “the single most on the ground. She has regularly made trips across the globe, hitting says, but now “we’re at the important thing that can six of the seven continents in her 1 travels over the years. execution phase.” The number of major Canadian Banks (there happen around gender are a total of six by most standards) that has a diversity is getting men CANADA IS woman as the chair of the board of directors, and the number of female chief economists. involved and engaged. … NOT A LEADER They’re the ones sitting Ms. Reynolds adds that 65 in the seats today, and The percentage of employees at all levels in there must be a culture Canadian banks who are women they will ultimately drive shift, but cautions that it’s a the change. They need tough job. 40 to question their own “Women, typically, are The percentage of Canadian companies governance processes.” that have no women sitting on their ISABELLE CÔTÉ in operational support boards, according to the gender equality There isn’t “some Company: CITI Investment Banking roles,” she tells P&I, giving organization Catalyst. magical policy” that can fi x Group Position: Managing director, examples such as chief of $3.2-trillion the problem, she stresses. corporate banking legal, or chief of human The total assets controlled by women “It’s cultural change, and we Company’s worth: Citigroup is resources. “We need to see in North America, according to Boston haven’t had it.” worth $156.7-billion Consulting Group. However, this still only ‘We know what we want’: She them in profi t-and-loss represents one-third of the fi nancial assets She emphasizes that told the Women’s Executive Network: available. “A headhunter recently called me. He roles. We need to see more the issues revolve around had a mandate from a big bank to hire women leading businesses.” subconscious biases. Men are ‘women leaders’ without any specifi city 3 about the position, the role or the Many studies globally The number of women, out of 12, that sit on not intentionally avoiding business unit. This shows the fi nancial have shown that corporations the ‘outside member’ portion of the Liberal hiring or promoting women, industry is still largely a ‘boys’ club’ at Party’s Economic Council of Advisers. the senior levels. I pointed out that it is with a higher number but they’re unknowingly not appropriate to reach out to senior of women executives far giving priority to their own women with vague opportunities. We, 40 like men, know what we want!” outperform companies that The number of economics majors in types—other men—she says. Canadian universities who are women. have low female leadership. At every level, there A January 2015 report 2014 needs to be diversity in from McKinsey & Company The year that the Bank of Canada appointed the candidate pool says Carolyn Wilkins as its fi rst female senior found that companies deputy governor (the second-highest central Maureen Jensen, chair “in the top quartile for banking role in the country). of the Ontario Securities gender diversity are 15 per Commission. The job cent more likely to have should always be given fi nancial returns above their to the most qualifi ed SHELLEY MARTIN respective national industry person, but the group Company: Nestlé Canada Inc. medians.” being considered needs to Position: President and CEO since January, 2013 Canada is not a leader in terms of diversity have gender diversity, and with the number Company’s worth: The Canadian in executive positions and on boards. of women graduating with high levels of subsidiary of the world’s largest food company represents more than Catalyst, an organization that promotes education in fi nance, business, and economics, $2-billion in sales gender diversity in the workforce, reported there’s no reason that pool should be lopsided, Helping those in need: Ms. Martin sits on the board of the Grocery that in Canada, approximately 40 per cent she tells P&I. Innovation foundation, and has of companies had no women sitting on their contributed to the raising of more than $75-million for social causes boards of directors. Continued on page 60 including food security.

Power & Influence Spring 2016—29 XXXXX-XXXXX

THE BIRTH GlobalOF Internet T

30—Power & Influence Spring 2016 INTERNET TV-FEATURE

Forty-seven per cent of anglophones in Canada have a subscription to Netflix today. The global online-streaming service launched in Canada in 2011 as its TV first international market and has since grown to 190 countries. New players such as Shomi and Crave TV are also on the scene and influencing how Canadians consume television in a big way.

BY SHRUTI SHEKAR

Power & Influence Spring 2016—31 available everywhere, the international bout fi ve years ago, U.S. online-streaming service library will begin to look similar for A Netfl ix slowly made its way into the Canadian everyone. “We now release Netfl ix Originals market eventually to become the world’s largest internet globally and increasingly as negotiating over-the-top (OTT) television provider of its kind. global arrangements for licenced content,” Ms. Squeo said. A service like Netfl ix isn’t the only Since it launched in Canada in 2011, in consumers’ hands to watch whenever, reason why there is a shift in the way people the company has been building to create it wherever and on whatever device.” consume content. There are multiple facets into a service that’s available globally, said Last October Netfl ix partnered with and variables that have played a factor in Anne Marie Squeo, director of corporate Rogers’ CityTV and Shomi to premiere a the change of consuming TV. communications at Netfl ix. new show on Shomi, but globally it would But, since its emergence, new players “Canada was our fi rst international, be seen by consumers on Netfl ix. such as Shomi (a joint venture between all-streaming market … and we’ve been One wouldn’t think that the internet Rogers Communications Inc. and Shaw building our service globally from there,” TV service that’s taking over globally Communications Inc.) and CraveTV, Ms. Squeo told P&I in an exclusive email it would partner with its competitors (owned by BCE Inc.), have joined the game interview. “We work with lots of companies to create an even bigger presence and and changed the industry—in the process, and creators in Canada to provide content infl uence on consumers, but for Netfl ix, it affecting the way Canadians consume not just for our service in Canada, but for was a no-brainer. content. distribution globally.” “Teaming up with Rogers … is a But has growing local competition in According to a report from the Media tremendous opportunity to work with Canada affected Netfl ix’s ability to provide Technology Monitor, (a project of the CBC/ a creative partner in Canada to bring content to Canadians and to position itself Radio-Canada), in 2015, 47 per cent of our global viewers top-notch content,” as an infl uential medium? Canadian anglophones had a subscription Erik Barmack, vice-president of global “We welcome competition because it to Netfl ix, up from 39 per cent in 2014. independent content at Netfl ix, said in a means consumers are more likely getting Since Netfl ix’s inception in 1997 as an press release last October. better content and better service at an online movie rental company, it has slowly The site’s appearance is altered affordable price,” Ms. Squeo added. “We grown, and in January, Netfl ix co-founder depending from which country it is know that consumers only have a certain and CEO Reed Hastings announced at the accessed. This is because Netfl ix works with amount of time and we’re not competing 2016 Consumer Electronics Conference content distributors and studios to gain with video providers, but also other in Las Vegas that the company’s service is rights to different TV shows and movies. activities like reading, going to dinner or currently available in 190 countries. In the course of time as well, the company taking a nap. Competition drives us to be “Today you are witnessing the birth began creating and producing its own better and to win those critical moments of a new global internet TV network,” content known as a Netfl ix Original. of truth.” Mr. Hastings said according to a press “Our goal is to grow our own original David Asch, senior vice-president at release from the conference. “With this programming to allow for greater creative Shomi, said in a phone interview that while launch, consumers around the world— and business control and to ensure global Netfl ix’s objective is to become a global from Singapore to St. Petersburg, from access to content,” Ms. Squeo said. “We are service, Shomi’s focus is to have a strong San Francisco to Sao Paulo—will be currently actively managing productions Canadian presence. Mr. Asch said the able to enjoy TV shows and movies spanning the globe from Canada to company is in its “toddler stage” because simultaneously. No more waiting. With the Cambodia to Colombia.” it’s such a new service and has different help of the internet, we are putting power By trying to make Netfl ix Originals objectives compared to Netfl ix.

32—Power & Influence Spring 2016 INTERNET TV-FEATURE

“One of the big differences is, and when we talk about thinking beyond a I consider it an advantage, is that we traditional marketing mean, we are using are a Canadian service, we are all about social marketing to expose great content to Our goal is to grow Canada, and we program our service for Canada,” Mr. Asch said. “And that series … “ our own original Canadians,” Mr. Asch said. “Netfl ix has it had almost 1.8 million video starts, it not programming to allow global ambitions and that’s fi ne and they’re only exposed people to Shomi and to that in Canada and that’s fi ne. … We are every show, but helped really expose the platform for greater creative and bit talking to the same content suppliers to a bunch of new folks.” business control and to and programs and networks that Netfl ix He added that not only in the U.S., but ensure global access to is [and] … we compete with them for also in Canada, people were watching TV content. We are currently programming and we like what we have to differently because the internet has become offer.” a more mature platform on which to watch actively managing Mr. Asch noted that it is in the way content. productions spanning Shomi markets TV shows to its audience Ms. Squeo added that the concept the globe from Canada to and how the service presents itself that of internet TV has changed the way makes the service different from Netfl ix in traditional cable TV providers offer content Cambodia to Colombia.” the way it has shaped the way Canadians as well. She said that over time, consumers —Anne Marie Squeo, view television. will have a range of program options to Netflix director of corporate In October last year, Shomi launched choose from and added that “successful communications a show called Einfi eld Haunting. The fi rst linear TV networks are already introducing episode was available to watch for free on such apps.” apps on phones and smart TVs, and that Shomi’s Facebook page. Consumers who “Internet TV—which is on-demand, provides consumers with more choice and wanted to watch other episodes, however, personalized, and available on any screen— freedom to make their own decisions about had to subscribe to the Shomi service. is maturing and will eventually replace where and when to watch their favourite “That was a hugely successful the linear TV experience,” she said. “We’ve shows and movies.” promotion for us, the results of the fi rst increasingly seen linear TV networks But in the changing Canadian television time that it was done in Canada. So offering similar programming through environment, Mr. Asch said he doesn’t ubcpress.ca/ OnPointPress 6x9 | trade hardcover 512 pages 60 b&w photos 978-0-7748-9000-7 $39.95

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The concept of internet TV has changed the way “I came from the U.S. and it’s a very different market there. Here in Canada, we traditional cable TV providers offer content are one of the companies that is driving— not just following—a trend, but we are think that traditional TV will die, but content and has created a new price point. helping drive the trend to how people will instead thinks OTT services will be an “It doesn’t necessarily replace all consume content,” Mr. Asch said. “We are addition to households and present itself as content. So I’d say it’s been good. … I’d say only one of the two Canadian companies a complimentary service to linear TV. at the moment it is more complimentary,” that has a truly national service and one “People are still going to watch linear Mr. Hendren said. “[Netfl ix is] changing of the things we have seen is that this is TV. A lot of what we do is a compliment the way that [Canadians] watch TV in that clearly the wave of the future. Canada is to that. … What we see is [OTT] helps particularly younger Canadians, millennials consuming content very differently.” promote the linear broadcast of a show [aged 18-34], are watching more content When asked whether Netfl ix has and that linear broadcast drives people via OTT and that trend continues to grow.” had an infl uence in the way Canadians to the [subscription video-on-demand] Mr. Hendren added that the smartest view television and how it compares to service like us to watch that,” Mr. Asch thing Netfl ix has done as a player is created Canadian services like Shomi and CraveTV, said. “So people may be able to watch a itself as a channel that’s similar to other CRTC spokesperson Patricia Valladao certain episode [on TV], but then they can channels. said in an email that the questions are come to Shomi and watch the entire fi rst “It’s a new channel and it has content speculative and could not comment. season. To me it’s a very complimentary just like other channels do. It’s a subscriber P&I reached out to Bell’s CraveTV, but relationship than a replacement model and it is to a great degree still did not receive comment by deadline. relationship.” complimentary to much of the TV content Mr. Asch said, however, that Shomi will Gord Hendren, president at Charlton that is available today,” Mr. Hendren said. continue to grow its service for Canadians. Strategic Research, said in a phone It took years for a company that is “I think you need to push the envelope, you interview that the emergence of Netfl ix not based in Canada to shake things up, need to be willing to take risk,” he said. “We in the Canadian space has been a good but this doesn’t shake Mr. Asch’s view need to expose people to the content, but “disruptive force” and a “great infl uence.” that Shomi really is the driving force to also how they can watch TV or how they He said it has produced good content, has infl uencing the way Canadians are viewing can watch content on services like this and given consumers a different way to watch content. that’s what helps drive it.”

Power & Influence Spring 2016—35 FEATURE-INDIGENOUS MPS

The 2015 election featured 54 indigenous candidates, 10 of whom were elected to the House of Commons. It’s the highest number of First Nations, Inuit and Métis Members of Parliament in Canada’s history. What does it mean for federal public policy? ‘Renewing the nation-to-nation relationship with indigenous peoples lies at the heart of a strong Canada. Our legacy as a government will depend on it,’ says the country’s first indigenous Justice Minister. ‘A NEW DAY FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN CANADA’

BY ALLY FOSTER & BEA VONGDOUANGCHANH

he October 2015 federal election was Grand Chief Sheila North Wilson of momentus for the 10 indigenous Manitoba Keewatinowi Okimakanak told Tpeople elected as MPs—a record- reporters: “I believe that [Stephen] Harper, breaking number in Canadian history, and a when he was prime minister, woke a sleeping game changer for federal public policy. giant in our people.” Although there are likely many complex That giant is now conscious and hungry societal shifts that contributed to the for change. As Canada’s ﬁ rst indigenous overwhelming engagement of what has Justice minister, Liberal MP Jody Wilson- historically been a politically-indifferent Raybould, says: “It is a new day for indigenous demographic, many say the previous peoples in Canada.” Conservative government was the main She tells P&I that the lack of engagement incentive for increased activism among over the last 10 years spurred indigenous indigenous peoples. people across the country to act.

36—Power & Influence Spring 2016 JODY WILSON-RAYBOULD, KWAKWAKA’WAKW CAUCUS: LIBERAL RIDING: VANCOUVER GRANVILLE, B.C. Canada’s ﬁ rst indigenous Justice Minister and Attorney General is a former crown prosecutor who spent many years working in Vancouver’s notoriously troubled Downtown Eastside, has been a treaty commissioner, and served as the regional chief of the Assembly of First Nations. Throughout Ms. Wilson-Raybould’s successful and varied career, her passion for demanding diversity and equality has remained. A self-described “bridge-builder,” she has written that Canada has “a culture based on shared values we spent years fostering as a nation; it is one of the best countries in the world to live in and raise a family.” On her website, she added that these fundamental tenets of our country have been left “at risk” after the Conservative government. “Changes to policies governing the economy and the environment, and everything in between, have transformed our country into a place that is hard to recognize,” she said.

This Q&A has been edited for length. The 2015 election saw the highest number of Indigenous MPs elected to Parliament. What does this mean for you?

I am very proud to be the Member of Parliament representing Vancouver Granville and part of a record number of indigenous Members of Parliament who were elected in 2015. The number of indigenous MPs, along with our government’s strong commitment to reconciliation with indigenous peoples, speaks volumes to how far we have come as a country. This makes me so very proud to be both indigenous and Canadian.

What does it mean for a shift in power or inﬂ uence on the federal public policy landscape?

Indigenous issues are probably one of the single biggest public policy issues of our time, issues that in the past were not big ballot box winners. Today, I feel this is changing. Most Canadians realize that resolving long-standing grievances and achieving reconciliation with indigenous peoples is not just a moral and social justice issue, where Canada’s international reputation is at stake, but is also absolutely necessary for the economic success of our country moving forward. Accordingly, Canadians supported our government’s vision of a renewed, nation-to-nation relationship with indigenous peoples, based on recognition of aboriginal and treaty rights, respect, co-operation, and partnership. And personally, as an indigenous leader who has worked to help First Nation communities rebuild, I have great hope and optimism knowing what can be accomplished working together and building on our success, including developing new mechanisms to support reconciliation.

P&I photograph by Blair Gable Q&A continued on page 40 FEATURE-INDIGENOUS MPS

“During the last election, there was also a sense of urgency that galvanized indigenous peoples, and Canadians generally, that our country was going backwards, away from a vision of inclusiveness and respect for diversity,” Ms. Wilson-Raybould says. “So 2015 became a critical election for indigenous peoples, who got engaged, and went out and voted. For many, including [Assembly of First Nations] National Chief Perry Bellegarde, it was the fi rst time they voted. Perhaps his admission he had never voted but was going to this time was a game changer. In any case, in many ridings indigenous peoples, along with a general increase in voter turnout, and particularly among young voters, certainly made a difference. The results speak for themselves.” A record-breaking 54 indigenous people stood for election as candidates in 2015 and voter turnout among the indigenous population also increased from 44 per cent in 2011 across the country by 36 per cent on average. Threehundredeight.com’s Eric Grenier explained in an analysis for CBC that while there is “imperfect data” from Elections Canada on indigenous voter turnout, “In the top 10 per cent of ridings with the largest proportion of Canadians claiming aboriginal identity, according to the 2011 National Household Survey, the increase in turnout between the 2011 and 2015 elections averaged 22 per cent. In the 10 per cent of ridings with the smallest proportion of Canadians with aboriginal identity, the increase in turnout averaged 13 per cent, matching the national average. This phenomenon was repeated P&I photograph by Jake Wright in every province, with the average increase in turnout in ridings with HUNTER TOOTOO, INUIT a high proportion of residents claiming CAUCUS: LIBERAL aboriginal identity being greater than the RIDING: NUNAVUT province-wide increase in turnout.” Mr. Tootoo represents Canada’s youngest territory, Nunavut, and has served in the Northern region’s Some indigenous communities legislature since the day of its inception, when it separated from the Northwest Territories on April 1, 1999. Now, the newly named Minister of Fisheries, Oceans and the Canadian Coast Guard, Mr. Tootoo had a voter turnout increase of up to says he brings a collaborative style of governing to the table, fostered by Nunavut’s rare consensus-style 270 per cent and six polling stations in government. Mr. Tootoo says he’s had “a lot less sleep” since being elected to the House of Commons, but is indigenous areas spanning from Alberta, excited by the busy agenda, which has already taken him on an East-to-West Coast tour. Mr. Tootoo says he had interesting sit-downs with some of the First Nations groups in Manitoba and Quebec, with many of the Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario participants saying it was the fi rst time they’d ever had the chance to speak with a federal minister. “We’re ran out of ballots on election day. It was committed to having a renewed relationship with the aboriginal people in the country,” he says. reported that voters patiently waited Mr. Tootoo says he will work to remind Canadians that there is a third coast in the North, and that the until more ballots arrived from Elections needs of northern communities are very unique. Canada; not just eager, but resolute to “It’s diffi cult to fathom the realities when you’ve never been there,” he says, pointing out that the cost of living is three times greater than in the South, and that it’s a territory that covers three time zones. The benefi t of have their voices heard. investing in the North, he stresses, is that it has an immense trickle-down effect on many other Canadian provinces because the northern communities often rely on outsourced materials, expertise and people. Continued on page 45

38—Power & Influence Spring 2016 INDIGENOUS MPS-FEATURE

GEORGINA JOLIBOIS, DENE CAUCUS: NDP RIDING: DESNETHÉ-MISSINIPPI- CHURCHILL RIVER, SASK. Like many people, Ms. Jolibois was asked in high school what she wanted to ‘be’ when she ‘grew up.’ While some hesitate and mumble a non-committal response, Ms. Jolibois had no hesitation. She wanted to be the mayor. The interest started with something small; a lack of physical education programming in her community. Ms. Jolibois says she saw areas that needed to change, and she wanted to be an active part of that discussion. Ms. Jolibois didn’t lose sight of that dream, and served four terms as mayor of La Loche, Sask. She now represents the wider community of Desnethé-Missinippi-Churchill River (a huge swath of territory that spans across almost half of the province). This new position comes with increased opportunity to provide improvements to her region, she says. But it also comes with an incredibly long commute. In order to get from her home base to Ottawa, Ms. Jolibois must drive six and a half hours to the Saskatoon airport, and then lift-off for a roughly six- hour ﬂ ight. But travel is necessary to accomplish the goals she has set out: reforming the Employment Insurance system, securing renewed funding for Canada Post, encouraging the discussion amongst policy makers about First Nations and Métis inclusion, bolstering industry in Northern Saskatchewan, and highlighting environmental issues.

P&I photograph by Jake Wright

Power & Influence Spring 2016—39 FEATURE-INDIGENOUS MPS

‘Indigenous issues are probably one of the single biggest public policy issues of our time’

Q&A continued from page 37

Certainly it helps to have the perspectives, experiences, and values that indigenous MPs bring to Parliament. It is very clear to me that all Canadians want to be more engaged in how their nation is governed and on the substantive policy issues that affect them, including government’s policy with respect to indigenous peoples. And they want us to do it on a less partisan basis. Working with all Canadians to better inform Parliament and Cabinet creates better policy and enriches all of us.

Will the attention on issues affecting indigenous peoples last to be able to make a difference?

It has to last and we must ensure it makes a difference. Indigenous peoples must be full partners in confederation and enjoy the same quality of life all Canadians expect. Our economy, our reputation as a caring and just society, indeed our collective future depends on it. To this end our prime minister has been quite clear: renewing ‘When we work with a common purpose and vision, we can achieve amazing things,’ says the nation-to-nation relationship with indigenous Justice Minister Jody Wilson-Raybould. P&I photograph by Jake Wright peoples lies at the heart of a strong Canada. Our legacy as a government will depend on it. We do not see this as simply a problem to be overcome, but one of the fundamental aims of a progressive government: economic and social Can you talk briefl y about the We Wai Kai What’s on your iPod? inclusion. In the past, governments may have made Nation? What are some of your traditions? Is Hits from the ’80s. excuses for not taking action or simply thrown there a way to bring these traditions to your their hands up saying the problems were just too work as a Parliamentarian? What’s the best thing about your riding? complicated or hard to resolve. But our government We Wai Kai is part of the Laich-Kwil-Tach Nation has a plan, understands what needs to be done The people. It is a microcosm of the diversity of of the Kwak’wala speaking peoples of northern working in partnership with indigenous peoples, Canada. We have a thriving medical corridor and Vancouver Island and adjacent mainland. The and has already begun to take signifi cant steps. business districts along Broadway, south Granville, indigenous political system I was raised in is the Main and Cambie streets. We have a wonderful mix big-house where our laws are made and important of ethnicities and languages. We have students, decisions taken. In this system, there are no How will your background in law and as a recent immigrants, along with some of the political parties, but rather a belief in consensus. former regional chief of the B.C. Assembly of wealthiest enclaves in Vancouver. It is a brilliant The issues are debated and, while everyone First Nations inform your role as a legislator? mix that refl ects our country. may not agree with every aspect of a decision,

As a crown prosecutor, I worked in Vancouver’s compromise and consensus are sought to achieve downtown eastside, which gave me fi rsthand balance in society. This helps ensure that decisions Who are some of your big infl uences? knowledge of some of the most serious social are legitimate and durable—they survive the test issues affecting both indigenous and non- of time. Maybe we did this because we all lived My mother, Sandy Wilson. She raised my sister and indigenous people. That has shaped my views on together in small villages and people did not simply I while my father traveled for work. the need for restorative justice and innovative leave, but I like to think it is because we valued My father, Bill Wilson (Hemas Kla-Lee-Lee-Kla)—a approaches to solving some of our most pressing everyone’s opinion and everyone’s voice counted— well-known Native leader and hereditary chief of social issues. not just the few. our clan, that instilled in me a passion for the law, My time as the regional chief of the B.C. Assembly This is a markedly different environment justice and the place of politics. of First Nations gave me a broad perspective on to the House of Commons and certainly to My grandmother Ethel Pearson. Her traditional the bigger issues facing First Nations across B.C., Question Period. That said, I truly believe most name was Pugladee, the highest-ranking name as well as leadership experience in a political parliamentarians do want to work together. When in our clan, meaning “a good host.” She ensured environment. It also provided me the opportunity we work with a common purpose and vision, we that my sister and I knew our culture, our values, to appreciate what was working in communities can achieve amazing things. And, as we heard the laws of our big house, and how to conduct and what was not, and where new mechanisms on the doorstep, Canadians want politicians of ourselves as leaders. She taught us we all have an are needed to achieve reconciliation and assist all political stripes to work together with less important role to play in ensuring our community communities in the transition that is occurring partisanship, in Parliament, and also between and fi nds balance. All voices need to be heard. from governance under the paternalistic and among the various levels of governments. inappropriate Indian Act to self-government. Paul Martin. We have known and worked together for years and I consider him a mentor. He has My upbringing, education, personal and What are you reading these days? taken a leadership role in the relationship with professional experience all shape my worldview indigenous people since the Kelowna Accord and and the way that I work, as well as the approach [Laughs] Briefi ng notes! Cabinet documents and continues that leadership through the Martin and perspective that I now take as minister. Supreme Court decisions. Aboriginal Education Initiative.

40—Power & Influence Spring 2016 INDIGENOUS MPS-FEATURE

VANCE BADAWEY, MÉTIS DON RUSNAK, YVONNE JONES, INUIT DAN VANDAL, MÉTIS CAUCUS: LIBERAL ANISHINAABE CAUCUS: LIBERAL CAUCUS: LIBERAL RIDING: NIAGARA CENTRE, CAUCUS: LIBERAL RIDING: LABRADOR, NFLD. RIDING: SAINT BONIFACE- ONT. RIDING: THUNDER BAY, Ms. Jones is one of two indigenous SAINT VITAL, MAN. incumbents on the Hill. After being Mr. Badawey comes to the Hill with RAINY RIVER, ONT. Mr. Vandal has a passion for elected to the House in May 2013, 18 years of experience as a mayor cities—the way they work, their Equality amongst diverse populations she served as the Liberal critic and a regional councillor. He says infrastructure, and the various will likely be a relatable issue for Mr. for Northern Development and his biggest strength is that he’s complex backgrounds that make up Rusnak, the Liberal MP who comes the Canadian Northern Economic learned how to truly listen. When the population. This likely comes, from a Ukrainian and Anishinaabe Development Agency. She was also someone voices a concern, he says he says, from being a city councillor (Ojibway) background. Mr. Rusnak in charge of the search and rescue he no longer just hears an ‘ask’ or a and deputy mayor in Winnipeg for has had an eclectic career that fi le. Ms. Jones’ roots were not always problem; he also hears the “how to” almost 20 years. One of his proudest has ranged from the forestry and planted in politics; her early career for fi xing it. He describes himself as moments was in 1998, when he got the natural resource industry, to was in journalism, working as a results-driven, and says he’s eager to to raise the pride fl ag at city hall after working as a crown prosecutor, reporter across the country before start making positive changes. Winnipeg elected Glen Murray as to gaining experience in shaping becoming mayor of her hometown, Canada’s fi rst openly gay mayor. His priority is to create economic healthcare policy, and as the interim Mary’s Harbour, in 1991. Now, Ms. expansion in his region, but in executive director for Grand Council Jones is the parliamentary secretary Now, the MP looks forward to a sustainable way that will put Treaty in Kenora. The new MP was to the minister of Indigenous and championing social causes such his constituents on a long-term recently appointed to the Aboriginal Northern Affairs. as access to education and equal trajectory of success. He wants to Affairs and Northern Development opportunity for work. Winnipeg has strengthen the labour market, fi nd committee. A major issue in his the largest indigenous population of investments into innovation, increase constituency has been the ongoing any city in Canada, and he says he value-added manufacturing exports, softwood lumber dispute between wants to represent them. The former and ensure people in his riding are Canada and the U.S. Mr. Rusnak chair of the board of directors for working together on shared goals. has recently voiced hope that Justin the Aboriginal Peoples Television Trudeau’s friendly relationship with Network says that indigenous He says his modus operandi as U.S. President Barack Obama might Canadians were “living under a dark an MP was the same formula he’s help reinvigorate discussions on cloud” during the Conservatives’ always followed: “Just be honest, and resolving the trade issue. time in power, and that he is work hard.” proud the Liberal Party is inclusive With a laugh, he says he has and proactive when it comes to workaholic tendencies, but when he addressing indigenous issues. manages to loosen the tie, he enjoys “As a party we have to do some old sitting quietly “with no one around, fashioned grassroots organizing [to] having a nice glass of tea, putting on keep people engaged and involved.” some soft jazz, and reading a good book.”

Power & Influence Spring 2016—41 FEATURE-INDIGENOUS MPS

ROMEO SAGANASH, CREE CAUCUS: NDP RIDING: ABITIBI-BAIE JAMES- NUNAVIK-EEYOU, QUE. Well-versed with the political circuit, Mr. Saganash was the ﬁ rst indigenous MP elected in Quebec when he won his riding in 2011. Mr. Saganash served as the deputy aboriginal affairs critic, and contributed to the drafting of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Now the NDP critic for Intergovernmental Aboriginal Affairs, and the Northern Economic Development Agency, Mr. Saganash has long been an advocate for indigenous issues. He has publicly spoken out about his experience of being taken from his family at the age of six, and enrolled into a residential school. At the age of 23, he founded the Cree National Youth Council. Between 1990 and 1993, he was Deputy Grand Chief of the Grand Council of the Crees, and then vice-chair of the Cree Regional Authority. Eventually, he went on to become the director of Quebec Relations and International Affairs for the Grand Council of the Crees. When Mr. Saganash took his most recent oath to the Queen in November 2015, he earned applause and chatter by adding on his own line to the end of his vow: “And I solemnly aﬃ rm, that in the carrying out of my duties, I shall honour and respect the treaties signed with indigenous peoples.”

P&I photograph by Jake Wright INDIGENOUS MPS-FEATURE

MICHAEL MCLEOD, MÉTIS CAUCUS: LIBERAL RIDING: NORTHWEST TERRITORIES As a former cabinet minister in the Northwest Territories, Mr. McLeod is a seasoned political vet. In fact, a deep knowledge of regional issues—and shouldering some responsibility for addressing them—started at a very young age for Mr. McLeod, who was hired and trained as a band manager at 18, and became mayor of his hometown, Fort Providence, at 22. These positions “allowed me to learn about governance and leadership,” he says. Now, the 56-year-old MP says he plans to prioritize two issues that were repeatedly brought to his attention during his campaign: job creation and housing solutions in the North. Homelessness has recently become a major issue in his region that needs remedying, he says. When working on securing investment in Canada’s North, Mr. McLeod says it’s his job to remind decision-makers that “funding can’t come on a per capita basis,” due to the very small population-to-land-mass ratio.

P&I photograph by Jake Wright

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Power & Influence Spring 2016—43 ROBERT-FALCON OUELLETTE, CREE CAUCUS: LIBERAL RIDING: WINNIPEG CENTRE, MAN. Mr. Ouellette is many things: a veteran of the Canadian Armed Forces, a current Naval reservist, a Liberal MP, a father, a proud Cree, and the holder of a PhD. Mr. Ouellette says he has several priorities in his new position as MP, including ending poverty and bettering access to social services—especially for families. He wants to help Canadians, not just members of the indigenous population, “break through the prison of the mind.” When asked to elaborate, Mr. Ouellette explains that many people let self-doubt and stigma hinder their conﬁ dence and personal empowerment. Mr. Ouellette has also been championing a renewed look at “guaranteed income” which would see all Canadians get a set, minimum income (based on their employment earnings) that would replace other social assistance programs.

P&I photograph by Jake Wright INDIGENOUS MPS-FEATURE

‘The real game changer in the last that indigenous peoples must be able to participate in making any decisions election was the growing partnership that will affect their lives,” Ms. Wilson- Raybould says. “There are many facets to between grassroots indigenous this challenge, many differing perspectives peoples and Canadians’ and a number of options. All require a relationship that has been redefi ned in a fundamental way.” Continued from page 38 and provincial governments accountable for ongoing injustice against indigenous The level of engagement from John Burrows, Canada Research Chair peoples. Their collective voices helped aboriginal and First Nations communities in Indigenous Law at the University of educate and empower others to turf an across Canada has been building over the Victoria and Anishinabe/Ojibway member oppressive prime minister out of offi ce, past couple of years, with the Idle No More of the Chippewa of the Nawash First oust a pro-hydro-fracking government grassroots revolution being referred to Nation in Ontario, says that the election in New Brunswick and unseat the as the largest Canada-wide social action result shows how frustrated indigenous Conservative-oil industry choke hold on campaign since the civil rights movement. Canada was in terms of their relationship Alberta. This is where the real promise Prime Minister Justin Trudeau with the federal government. “The presence lies—in the growing relationship between campaigned heavily on working to of indigenous MPs signals that national indigenous peoples and Canadians to put close the gap between First Nations politics is not a closed shop, as it once these governments in their places.” and non-indigenous Canadians. In the seemed,” he tells P&I. “At the same time, Ms. Wilson-Raybould says that as Liberals’ fi rst budget, tabled on March I believe it generally signals the depth the Justice minister, she is the “steward 22, the government said it would provide of their dissatisfaction with the status of the Canadian justice system for all $8.4-billion over fi ve years “to improve the quo. They want to change how they are Canadians,” but “we must recognize that socio-economic conditions of indigenous governed.” Canada’s justice system was built, and our peoples and their communities and bring For Ryerson University professor nation created, largely without the voices about transformational change.” Finance Pamela Palmater, a Mi’kmaq lawyer of indigenous peoples. Now we have the Minister Bill Morneau called it an “historic from the Eel River Bar First Nation in opportunity to reset this relationship and I investment.” northern New Brunswick, the election of am honoured to be part of it.” This funding will “be supported by more indigenous people is “signifi cant Some of her top priorities as minister changed policy and new legislation,” Ms. for Canada,” but not necessarily for include moving quickly on the inquiry Wilson-Raybould says. “There is enormous First Nations. “From the government’s into murdered and missing indigenous opportunity in more effectively engaging perspective, this helps them build the women and girls and “beginning a broad and including indigenous peoples in the perception of legitimacy in the eyes of review of the criminal justice system. economy of Canada.” Canadians, especially around indigenous Some of the issues we will consider include On the Hill to provide feedback, insight issues; however, I do not see more the use of restorative justice processes and accountability as Mr. Trudeau works indigenous peoples in Canada’s Parliament and other initiatives to reduce the rate of to implement this list of commitments as signifi cant for indigenous nations and incarceration amongst indigenous peoples. are the 10 indigenous MPs from both our struggles related to our sovereign We will also look at addressing gaps in the Liberal and NDP caucuses (there are identities and rights,” she tells P&I in services to indigenous people and people no Conservative First Nation MPs, with an email. “As each indigenous person is with mental illness throughout the criminal several of them losing their seats in the last elected, they are sworn to abide by Canada’s justice system.” election). Most of these elected offi cials are asserted sovereignty and laws. Worse is that She also notes she’s working with rookies, however, each one of them brings they are limited in their ability to advocate Indigenous and Northern Affairs Minister an extensive and eclectic background in outside the scope of their specifi c political Carolyn Bennett on implementing the everything from public administration, party’s policies and mandates even if they United Nations Declaration on the Rights health care, natural resources, law, were inclined to advocate on our behalf.” of Indigenous Peoples. “One of the indigenous issues and environmental She points to indigenous Senators biggest legal questions we face as we work sustainability. such as Sandra Lovelace and Lillian towards true reconciliation will be how to Mr. Burrows says it remains to be Dyck who advocated for First Nations implement the UNDRIP,” she says. “We seen whether the indigenous MPs will rights and issues but were outnumbered need a ‘made in Canada’ approach.” wield power or infl uence, or stand out on committees and were up against The federal government endorsed as political stars; however, he adds, “If governments that were not taking those the UNDRIP in 2010, but called it an they make a difference, more will likely issues seriously. “No one speaks outside “aspirational document” and has not run in the future. If not, then we’ll likely of the party line,” she says. “To me the moved to implement it. see a search for other political outlets. In real game changer in the last election was “It is the only human rights instrument all likelihood, if this trend grows, it will not the number of indigenous peoples created with the participation of the rights more prominently highlight the diverse elected into government—but the growing holders themselves. This participation is schools of indigenous political thought and partnership between grassroots indigenous at the heart of the declaration’s concept practice.” peoples and Canadians in holding federal of free, prior and informed consent: He adds: “That’s a good thing.”

Power & Influence Spring 2016—45 Local transit, federal lessons

The federal Liberal government plans to spend $11.6-billion on infrastructure over the next five years. Experts say it’s an opportunity for federal legislators to learn from the upheaval in places like the Greater Toronto Area in order to ensure that politics doesn’t trump sound infrastructure investments.

BY MARCO VIGLIOTTI TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE-FEATURE

‘There’s always a preponderance for governments to want to fund expansion projects so that you can cut that ribbon, show that new line on a map. While that’s really important … the piece that is always forgotten, which is fairly less sexy, is the state of good repair and maintenance and ongoing upkeep of these systems,’ says Toronto city councillor and Toronto Transit Commission chair Josh Colle. Toronto Star photograph by Tara Walton FEATURE-TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE

lastered along temporary blockades, meant to from municipal and provincial partners to ensure politics does not trump thorough research in blunt the intrusion of hectic worksites, sleek, setting infrastructure priorities and squander this boldface font posters advertise the benefi ts historic opportunity to reinvent an exhausted P transportation grid. commuters will soon enjoy from the currently under- “The good news is our decision-makers have recognized that we missed a generation of construction light rail line set to stretch across Toronto’s infrastructure and there’s a dramatic need to start building,” says Matti Siemiatycki, a geography main east-west throughway. professor at the University of Toronto specializing Slated to open in 2021, the $5.3-billion Eglinton in transit policy. “The question is now that you have the recognition, what do you actually spend Crosstown remains on pace to close out what critics have money on? On that front, that’s where this region has really had challenges over the years.” assailed as the lost decade of transit in the city following Founded in 2006, provincial Crown agency the completion of the Sheppard subway in 2002. Metrolinx has taken the lead in coordinating and managing mass transit developments across the Since that time, Toronto has failed to add a single Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area. kilometre to its rapid transit system despite welcoming The guiding blueprint for the agency has been the Big Move, an overarching regional more than a million new residents to the broader transportation strategy adopted in 2008 that lays out plans to spend $2-billion annually on transit metro area, stoking widespread commuter frustration projects—including building 1,200 kilometres of at increasingly swamped roadways and packed subway rapid transit—over the next 25 years. Metrolinx is actively laying the groundwork trains. for the centerpiece of the strategy: an ambitious regional express rail scheme that would see electric But after years of intransigence, route battles trains run every 15 minutes or less across the most and political squabbles, the Greater Toronto Area is heavily travelled sections of the GO system to currently awash in makeshift fencing and hardhats replace the relatively sluggish service offered by its as the provincial government charges ahead on conventional diesel powered fl eet. a sweeping overhaul of regional transportation It is also managing construction of new infrastructure, envisioning an ambitious plan for additions to the Toronto rapid transit system, commuter train service GO Transit and fi nancing continuing to direct the sweeping renovations of expansions to Toronto’s teeming subway system. historic Union Station and providing fi nancing The federal Liberals are also targeting the to countless other projects, while operating the region for new investments, with the GTA expected recently completed express train connecting to reap the lion’s share of an additional $20-billion downtown Toronto to the airport. earmarked for national transit infrastructure over Bruce McCuaig, Metrolinx president and chief the next decade. executive offi cer, says he believes the agency’s In the Liberals’ fi rst budget, tabled in the House efforts will “change the way people move around of Commons in March, the government pledged this region,” citing specifi cally the ongoing $11.6-billion in new infrastructure spending over overhaul of GO Transit from a primarily rush- the next fi ve years, framing it as the fi rst section hour service into a two-way, all-day commuter line. of a two-phased scheme to push out an additional “We need to have a transit system that refl ects $60-billion in the next decade. the complexity of the urban region that we have Public transit was allocated $3.4-billion in the Toronto area,” he says, calling the regional over fi ve years, with the province of Ontario express rail plan for GO, set to take shape over set to receive roughly $1.5-billion of that total. the next fi ve to 10 years, the “most signifi cant Although specifi cs were sparse, the federal budget expansion of the system” since its inception in mentions fl eet replacement for the Toronto Transit 1967. Commission, hinting at potentially new subway The spate of new projects is also indicative trains, buses or street cars. of changes in regional planning priorities, Mr. The Liberals also promised to cover up to 50 McCuaig says, with Metrolinx now working on per cent of the costs for certain infrastructure integrating the various employment and residential projects, as opposed to the more conventional hubs across the GTA instead of merely connecting three-way split between Ottawa, the provinces and downtown Toronto with the suburbs. the municipalities. He credits the provincial Liberals, regional But transit experts warn that the new federal stakeholders and residents for supporting these government must demand greater accountability historic investments to reinvent transit in the area.

48—Power & Influence Spring 2016 “We’re blessed right now in this region of having governments that are very much aligned with the need to invest and build our transportation services,” Mr. McCuaig says. Long relegated as a provincial and local issue, transit funding roared into the national consciousness during the 2015 federal election campaign as the three major parties all touted expensive plans to invest in municipal infrastructure. The federal Liberals promised to quadruple existing municipal transit funding in the next decade and were awarded with huge seat gains in each of the country’s largest metro areas. Mr. Siemiatycki advises the federal government to avoid spending lavishly on transit projects that appear politically Prime Minister Justin Trudeau toured the New Flyer manufacturing plant in Winnipeg, Man., lucrative but lack solid business in February 2015. In its fi rst budget, the Liberal government promised $11.6-billion in new cases, warning that with billions on infrastructure spending over the next fi ve years, framing it as the fi rst section of a two-phased the table, the margin of error will scheme to push out an additional $60-billion in the next decade. Photograph courtesy PMO be razor thin. The failure, he says, to reap the promised ridership and congestion alleviation benefi ts from these costly projects could erode public trust and support for years— potentially pulling the region back into the transit stasis of the past decade. “The real risk in the big picture is we’re going to lose the public confi dence and trust in the abilities of governments to select projects and solve real problems,” Mr. Siemiatycki says. “It’s a long-term risk for our infrastructure at a time when we know we have to be spending.” While provincial and federal governments typically fork over capital funding for construction, Mr. Siemiatycki cautions that the far more onerous annual operation costs fall on the laps of municipal authorities, meaning poor investments can hamstring transit providers for decades. The 5.5-kilometre Sheppard subway draws so few riders it is estimated to require a roughly $10 per ride operating subsidy, which has cooled local politicians on future expansion plans, according to the Toronto Star. Frustrating commuters in the region could also have major political consequences for both the provincial and federal Liberals, who largely owe their recent electoral success to strong showings in the 416 and 905 region. The federal Grits swept every riding in Toronto, Brampton and Mississauga in last year’s election, while their provincial counterparts won all but three seats in those cities in 2014. To prevent unwise investments, Mr. Siemiatycki calls on Ottawa to establish an “infrastructure bank” that would set clear and concrete standards for any project vying for money from the federal government as opposed to continuing to distribute funding on an ad-hoc basis.

Continued on page 58

Power & Influence Spring 2016—49 P&I photograph by Jake Wright MAINTAINING THE BIG TENT After a decade in power and what looked like increasing momentum in the demise of the ‘Laurentian elite,’ the Conservative Party is left to do some soul searching after its electoral loss last fall. ‘If you want to form government, you have to be reflective of the interests and values of Canadians, and you do that with a big-tent approach,’ says Joe Oliver.

BY CHRISTOPHER GULY FEATURE-CONSERVATIVE PARTY FUTURE

ith so much focus on Canada having its fi rst should show your face” at the citizenship ceremony.) Generation X Prime Minister in the form of a Mr. Oliver adds: “Rebuilding is not fresh-faced scion of sunny ways, it’s important an insurmountable issue. But it has to W be handled intelligently and done in a to remember the party Justin Trudeau’s Liberals defeated last collaborative way.” He says that when the Conservatives October also has a Gen-X leader, albeit on an interim basis. were in power, the party had a “much more diverse caucus than any other party, Rona Ambrose is less than three years Mr. Trudeau’s senior which refl ected both the philosophy of and brought Cabinet experience (eight portfolios) to her the party and its reaching out to cultural communities.” current job compared to the Liberal leader, who never before “If you want to form government, you served in government. have to be refl ective of the interests and values of Canadians, and you do that with a big-tent approach.” As Canada’s new Leader of the Offi cial Mr. Oliver, who served as Natural Opposition, Ms. Ambrose has also adopted Resources minister prior to being a sunnier approach in her role of keeping After winning named Finance minister in Mr. Harper’s the government accountable. She supports “three consecutive government, says Conservatives need to Mr. Trudeau’s commitment to hold determine how their party can broaden an inquiry into missing and murdered elections, a its appeal and capture the 7.5 per cent indigenous women and girls. Ms. Ambrose certain degree spread lost to the Liberals in last October’s also dispatched her environment and election. “I’m not suggesting it’s an easy climate change critic, former international of complacency thing to do,” he says. “But it does involve trade minister Ed Fast, to Paris for the policy and communication, broadly United Nations mega-summit on climate settled in. So one defi ned.” change, an issue not perceived as a priority really important Mr. Oliver, who believes he and others for her former boss, Stephen Harper, who on Mr. Harper’s “front bench” could withdrew Canada from the Kyoto Protocol task for both the have played a bigger role in articulating four years ago. interim leader, and the party’s policies in the last federal But as with any successor to a leader of election campaign, says the results were a party unseated from power by an election most importantly, “signifi cant, not devastating,” and that the poll, Ms. Ambrose is faced with the task for the permanent “overwhelming political impetus was the of working with other Conservatives to desire for change that was more related to determine whether an image rebrand and a leader is to rebuild style and tone” not a “repudiation” of the strategy rethink is necessary. the grassroots Harper government’s policies. When she ran for the interim leader’s “We held our core. The problem is that job, Ms. Ambrose said in a memo to organization and we didn’t build on it,” says Mr. Oliver, who her caucus colleagues that their focus go at it again with a points out that despite losing Eglinton- should be on “challenging the Trudeau Lawrence, his total vote actually increased government by defending and promoting high level of passion from 22,652 in 2011 to 23,788 in 2015. the conservative values and policies that so “As a party, we had about the same many Canadians embraced and voted in and determination.” percentage [39] of votes last time that the favour of.” —Former Conservative Liberals had this time. But there was a “The most absolutely critical” priority different dynamic this time because of the is that the party remain united, says former PMO communciations desire for change, so people voted more federal Conservative Finance minister Joe director Dimitri Soudas strategically, and NDP and Green voters Oliver, who lost his Eglinton-Lawrence switched to the Liberals.” riding to Liberal Marco Mendicino. He notes the Conservatives still hold 99 “The sure way for continued losses seats. “So we’re in a much stronger position is to divide the party, and that’s what after this election.” happened during the Chrétien years, and to betray our core conservative principles. Summa Strategies senior adviser we absolutely cannot let that happen. We We just have to make sure we communicate Michele Austin agrees. She said the have to have a big tent to be welcoming effectively and not send the wrong Conservative base is “rock solid, smart of social conservatives and libertarians, signal that somehow we’re not inclusive and focused on fi scal policy,” and the of red Tories and blue Tories,” Mr. Oliver and welcoming.” (He supported the party overall is healthy following the last explains in a telephone interview from his Conservative’s policy regarding niqabs that election. home in Toronto. “I don’t think we have “when you join the Canadian family, you “I would say the party is healthy, but

52—Power & Influence Spring 2016 certainly not at fi ghting weight,” she tells P&I. “There’s a lot of training to be done. … It’s like a boxer after a fi ght, it doesn’t quite want to go into another fi ght again, but it will eventually be prepared to make a comeback.” Ms. Austin says there’s no doubt the “big tent” the Conservative Party tried to create over the last decade is united, but there’s a need to make a broader appeal in cities and downtown cores. “I think the last election proved that the policies were on target and were well received, but people didn’t understand the marketing and the sale, and we weren’t relatable to city folks. That’s one of the things we have to spend some time looking at,” Ms. Austin says. “We’ve never had Montreal or Vancouver, ever, and we lost Toronto, and so clearly we have to look at what it is that makes the Liberals and the NDP appealing in those areas that we have not been able to communicate or leverage to a certain extent.” Veteran Conservative Member of Parliament Deepak Obhrai, who was fi rst elected to the House of Commons in 1997 and who now serves as the party’s international development critic, also agrees while Canadians sought change in the last election, “I don’t think our policy Interim Conservative leader Rona needs to be changed. … Our core policies Ambrose has adopted a sunnier resonate well with Canadians.” approach on certain issues, but He believes the niqab ban and the her party is still rebuilding and needs to re-earn Canadians’ Syrian refugee crisis, in which The trust. P&I photograph by Jake Wright Globe and Mail reported that the Prime Minister’s Offi ce had been involved in processing immigration fi les and which Mr. Harper denied, became “signature Mr. Harper, whose message was “that we all put out by the Liberals under Paul Martin issues” that presented the party “not work toward the same goal,” explains Mr. about soldiers in the streets with guns, and as open as Canadians want it to be, Obhrai. that the Conservatives, whether heading despite the fact that it was. “It was a total Now the party takes a pause as it a minority or majority government, don’t distraction.” prepares for its national convention this present radical rightwing ideas.” Mr. Obhrai blames that disconnect on May in Vancouver, B.C., followed by a He explains that it “normalized” the “those running the campaign who were leadership race that will culminate with a idea of Tories in power in Ottawa that trying to control the message and muddled vote on May 27, 2017. started with John Diefenbaker ending it up completely.” Perhaps, by then, the party will have a long Liberal run in the late 1950s and Not only was his advice not sought, it come up with an “overarching vision” Brian Mulroney forming the next, post- wasn’t welcomed. absent from the last federal election Diefenbaker majority for the Progressive “They told me to stay away, and I said, campaign and be more welcoming to Conservatives in the mid-1980s. ‘Absolutely not, I’m not a new guy.’ This potential members, says Matthew Cressatti, At the PCs’ campaign kick-off rally was my seventh election,” he tells P&I. a 22-year-old, fi rst-year law student at the in Winnipeg on Feb. 12, 1958, The Chief Mr. Obhrai was part of the unite-the- University of Toronto and former vice- spoke of “a new soul for Canada,” and some right movement that brought together the president of the Conservative Association 58 years later, Prime Minister Trudeau tries Alliance and the Progressive Conservative at McGill, where he studied political to de-normalize the idea of Tories in power parties to create a “very big tent” of science. with his declaration that “Canada is back,” members who adhere to conservative “One of the biggest successes we had as Mr. Cressatti points out. principles of fi scal balance and small over the last nine years is that we moved Continued on page 69 government. Keeping it all together was away from the hidden-agenda narrative Best known as the brains behind Jean Chrétien’s electoral trifecta, David Smith is packing up a more than 50-year political career in the Liberal backrooms and as an MP, Cabinet minsiter and Senator. P&I photograph by Jake Wright A legendary Liberal says

goodbyeAfter 14 years in the Senate, David Smith ends a Parliamentary career that began a half-century ago. ‘I’m going to slow down,’ says the veteran backroomer.

BY CHRISTOPHER GULY

e helped two Liberal prime ministers win a cause or two, but I’m not rushing into it.” or hold onto power four times; served Some of the causes he embraced—from the rights of in the federal Cabinet for two; and got the disabled to helping Soviet Jews immigrate to Israel— up close and personal with some of the gave him the greatest personal satisfaction. But Toronto- world’s political heavyweights. born Sen. Smith is best known on Parliament Hill as the HAfter serving in the Senate for nearly 14 years, David brains behind Mr. Chrétien’s electoral trifecta. Smith ends a Parliamentary career that began a half- He joined the Liberal Party while studying political century ago when he reaches the mandatory retirement science and history at Carleton University in the early age of 75 on May 16. 1960s as an undergrad and quickly rose up the junior “I’m going to slow down,” says Senator Smith, whom ranks as national president of the Young Liberals, former prime minister Jean Chrétien appointed to the national youth director of the Liberal Party of Canada Upper Chamber to sit as a Liberal in 2002. “I may take on and assistant to the legendary Keith Davey, a future

54—Power & Influence Spring 2016 SPOTLIGHT-PEOPLE

Liberal Senator who served as the party’s long-time national & Beatty and its successor fi rms, Fraser Milner Casgrain, and campaign director. Dentons Canada LLP, until his 2002 appointment to the Senate Mr. Smith worked on the federal Liberals’ 1965 campaign and when he was named chairman emeritus. watched how Mr. Davey—known as “The Rainmaker” for his deft He leaves a Senate he hopes will become more like the use of polling, advertising and keeping the Liberals focused on “less partisan” British House of Lords and have members from campaigning as “liberals” to win at the polls—secure the party’s currently underrepresented societal sectors, such as science. re-election under Lester Pearson. Sen. Smith, who is married to Ontario Superior Court Chief Three decades later, Mr. Smith would work the same type of Justice Heather Smith with whom he has three children, also campaign magic and help Mr. Chrétien win three consecutive leaves the Hill with plenty of stories. elections and form majority governments in 1993, 1997 and 2000. The fi rst victory particularly impressed Bill Clinton. Sen. Smith recalls Mr. Chrétien introduced him to the 42nd U.S. president at a state dinner in Ottawa 21 years ago. “Chrétien told Chrétien told Clinton that Clinton that we only won 98 out of 99 seats in Ontario in the 1993 “we only won 98 out of 99 seats in election, and Clinton looked at me and said, ‘I’d settle for that—do you want to come down to Washington and work for me? Could Ontario in the 1993 election, and you start next Monday? How about a week Monday?’” Clinton looked at me and said, ‘I’d As it turned out, Mr. Smith found work elsewhere. After graduating with a law degree from Queen’s University in settle for that—do you want to come 1970, he served on Toronto City council for three two-year terms, down to Washington and work for the last of which he also held the deputy mayor’s post. While me? Could you start next Monday? Mr. Smith was unsuccessful in his 1978 bid to become Toronto’s mayor, he found success in 1980 when he won the Toronto riding How about a week Monday?’” of Don Valley East for the Liberals and became a Member of Parliament. That year, then-prime minister Pierre Trudeau appointed Mr. Smith to chair a House of Commons Special Committee on There was the time legendary British prime minister Margaret the Disabled and the Handicapped to mark the United Nations’ Thatcher, whom he escorted around Toronto during her 1983 International Year of Disabled Persons in 1981. visit to Canada, told him at No. 10 Downing Street that she The committee travelled the country and heard from more considered Pierre Trudeau to be in “a league of his own” as an than 600 witnesses whose testimony resulted in a report entitled intellectual among G7 leaders. Obstacles. Demand was so great (particularly from high schools Or when after meeting Ronald Reagan, Mr. Trudeau told Mr. and nursing schools) that more than 400,000 copies of the report Smith that, “you can’t help but like the man” whom he considered had to be printed. to be “warm,” “genuine” and “made you feel relaxed.” Jeanne Sauvé, the House Speaker at the time, initially balked Or when he, a former chair of the Senate’s special anti- at the cost. Mr. Smith recalls telling her that most Parliamentary terrorism committee, had been singled out several times in 2012 reports were considered a “cure for insomnia, and all of a for additional airport screening because his name appears on a sudden we have a Commons committee that does a report no-fl y list. everybody wants and you’re complaining! Boy did she back (It might have been the result of a late 2011 incident on down.” Long Island, New York in which 21-year-old David Smith was He had another challenge: convincing Mr. Trudeau to include arrested for pointing a red laser at a private jet and a police the rights of the physically and mentally disabled under the helicopter and later investigated by a joint terrorism task force.) section 15 equality-rights provision of the about-to-be-unveiled Some of Sen. Smith’s memories also represent signifi cant Charter of Rights and Freedoms. achievements, such as the time the Canadian Jewish Congress Mr. Smith made numerous pleas to the Liberal government asked him and two other MPs (former PC secretary of state for caucus, and on his fi fth attempt, he got lucky. external affairs Flora MacDonald and the NDP’s Ian Deans) to “I was just starting to speak and Trudeau got up and said, travel to the Soviet Union in 1982 and persuade government ‘David, we don’t need to hear your speech again. We’re putting it offi cials to allow Soviet Jews to emigrate to Israel as part of the in,’ and I was just a bucket of tears—but they were tears of joy,” human rights clause under the Helsinki Accords that the U.S.S.R. Sen. Smith recalls. had agreed to in 1975. “It probably helped me wind up in Cabinet.” The trio’s long meetings in Moscow and Leningrad paid off. Whatever the reason, Mr. Smith was sworn in as minister In early 1983, some so-called refuseniks were given the green of small business and tourism in 1983, a position he also held light to move to Israel, and later that year Mr. Smith was invited in John Turner’s brief government until Brian Mulroney’s to be the keynote speaker at a conference in Tel Aviv celebrating Progressive Conservatives swept the Liberals from power in the the breakthrough. 1984 federal election that cost Mr. Smith his House seat. “People who had come from the Soviet Union hugged me and He would return to Parliament almost two decades later thanked me for Canada making this happen,” remembers Sen. after, as he says, “putting a lot of hay in the barn” from a lucrative Smith. law practice in Toronto. Mr. Smith became chairman of Fraser “It was one of the most satisfying things I ever did.”

Power & Influence Spring 2016—55 PEOPLE-VISUAL CV mauril bélANGER Longtime Liberal lauded by MPs of all stripes after devastating ALS diagnosis.

BY KRISTEN SHANE

auril Bélanger takes Parliament seriously. Representing Ottawa-Vanier in the MHouse of Commons for 21 years, he’s mentored MPs, helped organize an annual party for parliamentary administrative staff and worked with African parliamentarians to bolster democracy on the continent. It’s a job he’s continuing despite being diagnosed last fall with a disease that within a few years could kill him. For that, and for his 1994 POLITICAL BEGINNINGS years of public service, he’s received a wave of Growing up in the northern Ontario town of Mattawa, Mr. Bélanger says he was support from parliamentarians of all stripes and an convinced from an early age of the virtues of public service. “My family instilled in me a strong sense of community involvement and it’s that unprecedented honour. spirit that brought me to Ottawa so many years ago,” he tells P&I. He started in student politics at the University of Ottawa in the late 1970s while studying for a bachelor of arts. In the 1980s and early 1990s, he worked behind the scenes as a political attaché to elected officials on Parliament Hill and at the City of Ottawa. When longtime Ottawa-Vanier Liberal MP Jean-Robert Gauthier was appointed to the Senate, Mr. Bélanger threw his hat in the ring to replace him. In late 1994 he won the local nomination to be the federal Liberal candidate for a February 1995 by-election that first made him an MP. The Hill Times file photograph

2003 INTO GOVERNMENT After supporting Paul Martin in the Liberal leadership race in 2003, Mr. Martin named Mr. Bélanger to his cabinet as chief government whip and deputy House leader. When the Liberals won the 2004 election, Mr. Bélanger returned to Mr. Martin’s 2003 AFRICAN CONNECTIONS cabinet, leading portfolios including Mr. Bélanger co-founded the Canada-Africa official languages, democratic Parliamentary Association in 2003, and he’s been its co- reform and internal trade. Though chair ever since. It’s a group of both senators and MPs the party lost power in 2006 and from all political parties that seeks to build relationships remained in opposition for nine with parliamentarians from and learn about the issues years, Mr. Bélanger kept winning facing the continent’s more than 50 countries. The elections, owing to his hard work for group has worked to help African legislators “entrench his constituents in a diverse part of democratic principles and to share best practices in our Ottawa that includes both Rockcliffe dual roles of overseeing government and legislating,” Park elites and Vanier’s working- Mr. Bélanger said in 2014. Through that work, he has class francophones and immigrants. crisscrossed most of the continent. He’s also built strong His years in both government and ties with many ambassadors from African countries, opposition, he says, have fine-tuned such as Angola’s former ambassador Agostinho Tavares his knowledge of Parliament and da Silva Neto, pictured here with him in 2014. P&I government as a whole. P&I photograph photograph by Sam Garcia by Jake Wright

56—Power & Influence Spring 2016 VISUAL CV-PEOPLE

2012 CO-OPERATIVES ADVOCATE While opposition parties usually establish shadow cabinets made up of critics, Mr. Bélanger says he was asked by his leader in May 2012 to become the Liberal “advocate” for co-operatives, which are businesses or groups owned and operated by the people who work there or use their services. The United Nations declared that year the International Year of Co-operatives. The MP is pictured here with Ottawa city councillor Eli El-Chantiry (right) and Ottawa MPP and Ontario cabinet minister Yasir Naqvi at an Ottawa ceremony marking the occasion in January 2012. “The government of the day had no one specifically responsible for the co-operative movement and I saw an opportunity to advocate within that vacuum, on behalf of the Liberal Party of Canada,” explains Mr. Bélanger. In that job, he worked with MPs from different parties to create a special House committee on co-ops and a multi-party co-operatives caucus. P&I photograph by Sam Garcia

2009 PROMOTING LINGUISTIC DUALITY Growing up as a Franco-Ontarian and representing an Ottawa riding with many French speakers, Mr. Bélanger has long advocated for francophone minority communities. MPs have widely praised him for this. “In my youth, I was influenced by the community activism of my mother, Yolande Bélanger, who was an active member of the French-Canadian Women Federation,” says the bilingual MP, pictured here with Official Languages Commissioner Graham Fraser in 2009. As minister responsible for official languages, he says he strongly supported a bill that required the government to work proactively to develop official-language minority communities in Canada. When the people of Quebec were deciding whether to separate from the rest of Canada in 1995, the MP said he helped organize 15,000 Ottawa-area residents to attend a national-unity rally in Montreal. P&I photograph by Cynthia Münster

2016 SPEAKER FOR A DAY When the Liberals returned to power in 2015, Mr. Bélanger saw his chance to realize a dream: become speaker of the House of Commons. With parliamentary knowledge gained over two decades as an MP, he was thought to be a shoo-in for the job, which involves refereeing the heated daily Question Period. But the 60-year-old was forced to drop out of the race last fall after he was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also known as ALS and Lou Gehrig’s disease. The incurable disease causes mobility and speech loss as well as respiratory failure. The average life expectancy after diagnosis is two to five years. After he went public with the news, MPs of all stripes expressed sympathy and agreed unanimously to name Mr. Bélanger honorary House speaker, something that’s never happened before. A few months later, he donned the speaker’s black robe and tricorne hat to sit in the speaker’s chair for a day. Using a walker, he shuffled alongside a ceremonial guard for the speaker’s daily parade in the halls of Parliament as parliamentarians including Prime Minister Justin Trudeau watched and applauded, some with tears in their eyes. The PM lauded Mr. Bélanger’s “dignity and grace” as he continues as an MP despite his diagnosis. “I must admit it has been a challenge to adjust to the loss of my voice, as I now only communicate through writing,” says Mr. Bélanger in an emailed response to questions. Technology helps. In January, he introduced a private member’s bill in the House using a program on his iPad that reads aloud selected text. He says he’s been “honoured and humbled” by his colleagues’ support. “It shows they share with me my determination of raising awareness of ALS. I am forever grateful to them.” P&I photograph by Jake Wright

Power & Influence Spring 2016—57 FEATURE-TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE

The days of the federal line that opened in 1985 and has struggled since to attract strong ridership. government imposing its will on He says the subway was not the “best idea” and predicts it “would not have happened in a U.S-type system,” but refuses to infrastructure projects is over outright dismiss it as a giveaway. The future of the Scarborough line had been debated Continued from page 49 intermittently for more than a decade by city politicians before Premier Wynne said in 2013 her government would fund an The idea is that clearly-deﬁ ned rules would reduce political extension of the Bloor-Danforth subway route that would replace inﬂ uence in transit funding procurement, while still maintaining current rapid transit service in the area and lead to the eventual the exclusive authority for the municipalities and provinces to set closure of the line. infrastructure priorities. Jennipher Moritsugu, a spokesperson for Infrastructure “The challenge here is when these … technical processes abut Canada, tells P&I in a statement that the federal government is with political considerations,” Mr. Siemiatycki explains, arguing committed to working closely with other levels of government to that the politicization of transit in the Toronto region has often develop the details of its 10-year infrastructure investment plan. led to technical evidence being disregarded or completed far too “As we begin to invest in infrastructure, we also propose to hastily. make investments that can enhance municipal planning, asset University of Toronto economics professor Jonathan Hall also management, and data collection capacity,” she says, noting that underscores the importance of reducing political interference more details would be released in the coming months. in setting transit priorities, expressing disappointment with “This will help all orders of government make evidence-based the limited role technocratic expertise currently plays in the decisions and put us on a more sustainable path,” she adds. procurement process. Toronto Transit Commission chair and Toronto city councillor In the United States, he says proponents must justify that Josh Colle agrees the infrastructure bank proposal could be good, their infrastructure proposals are credible investments in order to saying transit projects in the city would easily pass any assessment receive federal funding, but notes the same requirement does not because of strong anticipated ridership numbers. exist north of the border. But he stresses that municipalities should remain the sole “That means sometimes we fund incredibly expensive arbiters of local funding priorities, warning the federal government political giveaways,” Mr. Hall says, citing the Scarborough subway could no longer expect local politicians to fall in line with the priorities etched out in the nation’s capital. “The days of the federal government imposing its will and saying ‘this is a project we like for our political reasons’ and then we kind of go along with it, is not effective,” Mr. Colle says. While conceding that a “certain amount of rigour” should be expected from municipalities when pitching projects to the federal government, he argues politics, not necessity, frequently determines the scope of participation from Ottawa. According to Mr. Colle, federal governments have historically chosen to fund splashy new projects over “critical” upgrades to existing infrastructure, a concerning trend with the Toronto rapid transit system beginning to show its age after more than 60 years in operation. “There’s always a preponderance for governments to want to fund expansion projects so that you can cut that ribbon, show that new line on a map,” he says. “While that’s really important …

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58—Power & Influence Spring 2016 the piece that is always forgotten, which is fairly less sexy, is the state of good repair and maintenance and ongoing upkeep of these systems.” Despite these shortcomings, Mr. Colle expresses optimism about Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s promise to embark on a new era of intergovernmental relations by affording the provinces, territories and municipalities greater authority in setting infrastructure priorities. Heralding this call, Mr. Colle says local governments should assume more prominent roles in the funding conversation as the burden to prove the merits of their infrastructure proposals ultimately rests with the municipalities. “There’s always going to be a certain political element of it. That’s what we’re supposed to do [as elected ofﬁ cials]. What’s needed, though … is letting local Alberta Minister of Transportation and Infrastructure Brian Mason, federal Infrastructure Minister municipalities, local communities make Amarjeet Sohi and Edmonton Mayor Don Iveson announced in Edmonton Dec. 21, 2015, the those decisions of what those priorities completion of the Queen Elizabeth II Highway and 41 Avenue Southwest Intermodal Access are,” Mr. Colle says. “It then becomes project. The $205-million project was completed on time and on budget. The Government incumbent on those municipalities to have of Canada contributed up to $75-million through the Asia-Paciﬁ c Gateway and Corridor a more rational, defensible set of reasons of Transportation Infrastructure Fund. The Province of Alberta invested $57.5-million and the City why a project is a priority.” of Edmonton provided $72.5-million. Photograph by Chris Schwarz, Government of Alberta

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Power & Influence Spring 2016—59 FEATURE-WOMEN IN FINANCE

Women make up 19 per cent of senior economic staff. ‘The boardrooms of Canada do not represent Canadians.’

Continued from page 29 WENDE CARTWRIGHT for female actuaries to help them develop the Company: Savira Cultural + Capital Projects Both Ms. Jensen and Ms. Reynolds argue leadership, communication and presence skills Position: President & CEO since 1995 that there is a lack of sponsorship opportunities they need to advance in the organization.” About the company: Savira plans and executes enormous building for women in the corporate fi nance world. A Ian Lee, an economist and associate professor projects for cultural icons, like the sponsor is someone who believes in you within at Carleton University’s Sprott School of Royal Conservatory of Music, the Vancouver Olympics, the Royal Bank an organization, explains Ms. Jensen. “Women Business, says that he doesn’t believe it’s bigotry of Canada and Nike. call them sponsors, men call them golf partners,” in the business, but rather, an ‘old school’ A career highlight: Ms. Cartwright was director of performing arts for the she adds with a laugh. mindset that persists because there is slow Vancouver 2010 Olympics. In this role, “Men have been much more able to gain turnover in the sector, and the upper echelons she delivered—to an audience of more than 5.8 million—1,438 contemporary sponsorship throughout their career, sort of are fi lled with an aging demographic that still performances, and co-ordinated 60 organically,” says Ms. Reynolds, who points out hasn’t retired. venues, 116 community partnerships, and 7,000 volunteers over a 60-day- that males form natural bonds between each However, he points out that he sees an period, all on time and on budget. other, and typically, because of social norms, incredible amount of talented, ambitious have avoided building these business alliances women graduating from Canadian fi nancial with women. and business programs, and is optimistic that Ms. Forbes, the executive vice-president they are entering into a sector that is beginning of Manulife, has announced that the fi nancial to show promising signs of change on gender services group has “set up a mentoring program diversity. Customize Your Work

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60—Power & Influence Spring 2016 WOMEN IN FINANCE-FEATURE

The last hold out, he says, are the boards— they tend to have a ‘boys club’ mentality. Ms. Jensen recalls her experiences sitting ELYSE ALLAN on corporate boards. When she’s been the only Company: GE Canada Position: President and CEO woman, she says she’s sensed that her fellow since 2003 board members view her—and her opinions— About GE: The company is known to be the appliance manufacturer ﬁ rst and foremost as feminine. However, she of washing machines and dish says as soon as there has been a second woman washers, but has expanded to become a global technology sitting on the board alongside her, that attitude innovator, producing machines in disappears and their male counterparts seem everything from transportation, to healthcare, to home products, to to view them as simply peers and fellow board major industrial power sources. members. A sought-after expert: Ms. Allan has sat on a handful of federal and As Ms. Reynolds explains, this “boys’ club” provincial government advisory mentality that seems to exist at the top—even boards in areas such as national competitiveness, transportation when there is gender diversity throughout other strategy, economic development, ranks of an organization—is still a major issue. energy strategy, and access to credit. “People who sit in leadership roles, in the CEO chairs or on boards, make decisions every day that impact our economy; the places we work in, and places we live in. They impact our environment when we walk out the door,” she says. “We need to care, and we need to make sure that women are represented in those roles, because we have an immense value to add there and we have a unique perspective that isn’t being reﬂ ected right now in Canada.”

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Power & Influence Spring 2016—61 PLACES-NORTHERN MANITOBA When In … Churchill-Keewatinook Aski, Man. From jigging to plaid shirts, NDP MP Niki Ashton explains northern Manitoba’s rugged charm

iki Ashton’s northern-Manitoba riding covers wilderness roughly the size of Sweden speckled with small Ntowns and First Nations reserves. Living off the land is key: mining, forestry, fi shing and trapping. It’s got everything from boreal forest to arable land and tundra. “The climate can be harsh, the living conditions are defi nitely harsh. People are tough, but they come together and they certainly try and make the most of it. We’re proud to celebrate who we are,” says the 33-year-old MP born and raised in Thompson, population: 13,000, one of the riding’s largest communities. The NDP employment critic has represented the region since 2008. It’s the kind of place where you can wear camoufl age, a jean jacket or plaid to the bar and won’t look out of place. Here, she shares with KRISTEN SHANE a few of her riding’s gems.

DO go to the polar bear capital of the world. Churchill is known to be the most accessible place in the world for humans to see them in the wild. Tour operators keep you safe high off the ground in a monster-truck-like Tundra Buggy from which you can see the white-furred creatures every fall. Or watch beluga whales in Hudson Bay in the summer.

DO paddle the world-renowned Bloodvein River canoeing circuit, which runs from northwestern Ontario to Lake Winnipeg in central Manitoba.

DO have your ﬁ ll at Creighton’s Pizza, in Saskatchewan, just across the border from Flin Flon, Man. You won’t go hungry with George’s Special. Named after the owner’s dad, you can spend days at a time just feasting on it. Its many toppings (pepperoni, shrimp and bacon, don’t mind if I do!) will sustain you.

DON’T say the name of the town The Pas “the pass.” It’s pronounced “the paw.”

DO check out the quirky competitions at the Northern Manitoba Trappers’ Festival, a winter pastime in The Pas that includes dog races, a fur-queen pageant, axe throwing, tea boiling (sponsored P&I Illustration by Anthony Jenkins by Tim Hortons, of course) and even moose calling. Everybody wears plaid fl annel shirts all weekend, which is actually not too DO spend a summer day at a powwow, taking in the drumming different from what locals normally wear in winter to keep warm and dancing. Or participate in a First Nation’s Treaty Day, which in temperatures that dip to -30 degrees Celsius. features events often including an arrow shoot, where participants DON’T race to be the fi rst to fi nd an arrow shot into the distance to win a call them parties or stag and does. In Manitoba, whack of money. they’re socials. These fundraising parties aren’t just held for engaged couples. They also raise money for community groups DO try jigging, traditional Métis dancing to the sound of fi ddles. and charities. Almost every weekend in big communities across DO northern Manitoba, you’re bound to fi nd a social. No invitation eat at Gypsy’s Bakery and Restaurant in Churchill, where necessary. Just buy a ticket, bring money for liquor and raffl e locals and tourists alike dine on home-cooked meals including draws, and head to the local legion or community hall with your everything from regional specialties like pickerel to Portuguese-style dancing shoes to bust a move. chicken (the family that runs the place is Portuguese). They cook for everyone who comes through Churchill, including domestic diva DON’T be caught in summer without mosquito repellent. That Martha Stewart, who bought their famous apple fritters. joke about Canada’s national bird being the mosquito? It applies DO here. respect First Nations traditions and territories. This part of Canada, like many others, has a dark history when it comes DO head to Nickel Days, a festival celebrating the region’s mining to people coming to First Nations uninvited and thinking that history every June in Thompson. There are midway rides, a parade they know best. So taking the time to understand where people and a mining contest featuring skill competitions simulating work are coming from and appreciating their culture in culturally done underground. appropriate ways is important.

62—Power & Influence Spring 2016 REMEMBER THE RIDING-IDEAS All politics is local, even in lobbying

hen I fi rst started out in political don’t pretend to know all the answers or the right life I thought the local riding formula to balance these elements, but I do know was everything. Having served that tilting too far away from the touch point of as a senior political assistant at constituency consensus is a guaranteed path to Wthe federal level for Members of Parliament and trouble for elected representatives at all levels of senior cabinet ministers in addition to working government. for a United States congressman and provincial For lobbyist and advocacy groups it is also elected representatives, I have learned many critical to remember the riding. If you want to times over that staying in tune with local politics yield true power and infl uence as an advocacy is critical to the success of any MP, staffer or even group you have to own the consumer or public government relations professional. argument. You can’t ask our elected leaders to go HUW From prime ministers to backbench against the public view or the consumer interest. WILLIAMS opposition members, staying in touch with the An industry group may well represent thousands riding is pivotal for true success in Ottawa. It is of jobs across the country and be an important Huw Williams is the easy for MPs and their staff to get distracted by player on government policies relevant to their president of Impact Public the demands of committee work and government members. But there are 36 million Canadian Affairs and author and departments, but carving out scheduled time to consumers, and no industry’s voice is more co-author of four books connect with local groups, media and individuals important than theirs. You must take time to including Government is always time well invested. understand the voters’ views before asking MPs Relations for Canadian Longtime speaker of the U.S. House of to act. Too often, advocacy groups fail because Associations: How to Be the Representatives Tip O’Neil coined the phrase “all they only put forth their lobby facts and fi gures Voice of your Members with politics is local” and wrote a highly infl uential and ignore why it connects to the riding and the Government. and widely-read memoir of the same name. public. The phrase best refl ected his decades-long The greatest untapped resources of most political career as one of the most respected association and nonprofi t groups is the congressional leaders in history. While his book grassroots advocacy of their members based over-emphasizes the “district fi rst” mentality that in ridings across the country. Mobilizing an can paralyze Washington, it should be required educated and informed membership to meet reading for all MPs and staffers on Parliament with MPs is sound democracy in action. Hill, who too often focus on the Ottawa Bubble It is worth noting that “grassroots” is the that has little bearing on what’s going on back authentic voice of local members connecting home with regular voters. with elected offi cials on real issues of concern. The great thing about Canadian democracy It is not “AstroTurf” lobbying where issues are is that the electorate has an effective way of manufactured. Any good MP or staff member correcting things when politicians lose sight of can spot the difference right away. what matters most to their constituents. Being MPs tell me all the time that they would a great constituency MP is no guarantee of re- rather hear from a well-informed constituent election, but over the last 30 years I have learned about an issue than a paid lawyer, lobbyist or it is a great buffer. The perceived “fi ckleness” of debate team captain. Authenticity from the the electorate notwithstanding, over the long riding is what they are looking for. Conversely, haul, remaining well-connected to voters at I frequently brief local groups coming to home is key to longevity and effectiveness in Parliament Hill that they don’t have to be experts offi ce. in Parliamentary procedure in order to get their Representing the riding cannot come at message across because they are already experts the expense of leadership and national vision, in their own local issue. This is what really however. That is the tricky part. We live in a large matters for groups and industries seeking to and diverse country, and our complex democracy wield power and infl uence. requires real compromise to achieve big things. Lobbying done right always has a grassroots Canada is founded on the balance of listening connection that matters and that is part of what to the people that send leaders to Ottawa and democracy is all about. We will all be better off if leaders doing the right thing for the country. I we remember the riding.

Power & Influence Spring 2016—63 THE Q&A-HUGH SEGAL

‘Whether you’re a right wing government or a left wing government or a centrist government, what really matters are the two freedoms which deﬁ ne how people get to live their lives, both at home and around the world— freedom from fear and freedom from want,’ says Hugh Segal, a former Conservative senator and now master of the University of Toronto’s Massey College. Photograph courtesy Dundurn Press

A MUDDLED FOREIGN POLICY Former Conservative senator Hugh Segal talks to P&I about his new book Two Freedoms, and why he’s worried about the under-spending, under-commitment and lack of clarity in Canada’s foreign policy.

BY LAURA RYCKEWAERT

64—Power & Influence Spring 2016 HUGH SEGAL-THE Q&A

ith a new Liberal are the two freedoms which defi ne how government in power, people get to live their lives, both at home Canada is said to be “back” and around the world—freedom from fear Our greatest internationally—but Hugh and freedom from want. WSegal, a former Conservative Senator now “Putting those two freedoms at the ‘‘foreign policy master of the University of Toronto’s centre of our foreign policy would make Massey College, says while he’s seen a our foreign policy more coherent and issue is how to change in tone, there’s not much change in would make the change of government substance so far. from left to right not that important quite maintain peace The “real question,” he said, will be frankly because what we stood for as the govenrment’s ability to set priorities Canadians would be clearly understood and security in and “commit the resources necessary and actually nonpartisan in its appeal.” to achieve” them. His new book, Two a way that is in Freedoms: Canada’s Global Future, might Why do you describe Canada’s current our economic help provide “a constructive path” forward. foreign policy approach as more about “Under-spending, under-commitment muddling through? How has this and social and lack of clarity—those are the three impacted Canada internationally? things I’m worried about the most [when “I think in many respects both in interest and it comes to Canada’s foreign policy terms of foreign aid and international approach],” said Mr. Segal in an interview development, and also in terms of doing will preserve with P&I in March. our fair share militarily, we really haven’t Having a values-based foreign policy done what a country our size, with our life and is about engaging constructively and with capacity, our geography, our population opportunity for purpose, he said, and history has proven should be doing. We’re not doing enough. that unless a country is prepared to stand We spend too little in those areas, and a vast majority up for values, “the forces of darkness just even Great Britain, which went through a get stronger and stronger.” very diffi cult economic time, still kept its for people With a forward by Tom Axworthy, Mr. foreign aid expenditures at the 0.7 per cent Segal’s book, published by Dundurn Press, level, which is what we’re supposed to be worldwide.” includes a chapter on defence procurement devoted to but in fact our numbers have as part of the foreign policy picture, and been much lower. also examines Canadian foreign policy “I think it’s because rather than have a Why isn’t a values-based foreign policy in Russia and China. Two Freedoms was serious discussion about what our purposes already Canada’s approach? informed by Mr. Segal’s experience in should be and how best to achieve them “I think we have gone through different Parliament and as a special envoy for in different countries in different ways, segments of our history where we have Canada. we’ll instead have a debate about whether had a values-based approach. When This Q&A has been edited for length government A was too much on the right Mr. [Louis] St. Laurent was the prime and clarity. or government B was too much on the minister in the late 1940s, early 1950s, left—which was an interesting domestic we had a very values-based approach in What prompted the idea for this book? debate, but really doesn’t interest the world terms of deployment in NATO, in terms “My view has always been that there very much and the world will not wait for of doing our fair share around the world, are two real dangers in Canadian foreign Canada to sort things out. Canada has to in terms of engaging fully. I think it’s also policy: one is the attitude that says our have a clear and focused approach which true for example when Pierre Trudeau job is just to muddle through, not achieve is consistent, well understood and broadly was prepared to test the cruise missile in any signifi cant goals, not have any real perceived and well executed, and that’s Canada, in Alberta, because it was part of purposes, just kind of get from crisis to what this book is really about. our duty to NATO to ensure that we had crisis and hope that no damage is done. “Despite some very hard-working, great the technical capacity to defend various And the other real risk is that we lurch foreign service offi cers and ambassadors NATO countries around the world as may back-and-forth from a right wing view to a and policy people and all the rest, you have be necessary during that period of the Cold left wing view and every time a government this kind of layered birthday cake approach War. I think when we deployed under Mr. changes we end up with that kind of where the priorities of one government Pearson in terms of peace between the back-and-forth in a way that is actually get replaced by the priorities of another Arabs and the Israelis in Sinai in the mid- not helpful to Canadian foreign policy and government, and they pile on each other to 1950s that was clearly refl ecting a Canadian the way in which Canada is viewed in the the point where there’s 40 or 50 different value: that if there’s a peaceful way to sort world. priorities, all of which are underfunded, something out, Canadians want to be part “Whether you’re a right wing which means we can’t really make the kind of that and we want to help.” government or a left wing government or of contribution we need to make.” a centrist government, what really matters Continued on page 73

Power & Influence Spring 2016—65 IDEAS-THE ESSAY DIGITAL GOVERNANCE RETHINKING THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN AN ERA OF DISRUPTION

overnments must recognize that their making and enforcing rules and in developing and institutions, bureaucracies and policy implementing policy. Gframeworks designed for the 19th and 20th The Silicon Valley tech giant Uber may be the centuries are no longer meeting the needs highest profi le example of digital era disruption in of the 21st. The digital era represents an exponential this context. As the California-based ridesharing shift in the pace of social, political and economic company makes waves across Canada and around MARYANTONETT transformation. How governments respond to the the world, the established taxi industry has been radical changes brought on by the sharing economy organizing to defend itself from the threat that FLUMIAN and other digital age innovations will be a litmus Uber presents. In Paris, cab drivers have torched car & test for the continued relevance of governing tires and rioted in the streets. In Montreal, industry institutions, as well as their legitimacy and authority vigilantes have hunted down Uber drivers to turn DAVIDE in a networked era where no single actor has an them in to municipal authorities. Similar protests CARGNELLO undisputed monopoly on public trust. Governments have arisen in jurisdictions far and wide, from must rise to the challenge or become increasingly Maryantonett Flumian is irrelevant to their citizens. president of the Institute on In the space of a few decades, the digital Governance and a former deputy minister in the revolution has transformed how we work, how federal public service. we connect with friends and family, and how we Many of our educate, inform and entertain ourselves. Increasingly, Davide Cargnello is chief “traditional governance digital culture permeates our social interactions, our research offi cer at the business transactions, our lives. It is forcing virtually Institute on Governance tools and approaches leading the Institute’s all the sectors and institutions it touches to evolve— are in danger of losing applied research program on and this includes our public institutions. Through digital governance. the pressures it creates, the new governance tools it relevance.” offers us, and the new possibilities it generates, the digital revolution promises to transform the very nature of Canadian democracy and governance. Toronto to Sao Paulo, Ottawa to Berlin. Against this Canada’s Westminster parliamentary system backdrop, governments are understandably feeling of government is adaptable and has long been pressure to act. The City of Toronto brought the recognized for its ability to evolve in keeping with ridesharing company to trial, arguing that Uber the demands of new eras and new challenges. Canada should have applied for a taxi brokerage But changes are occurring faster and are more licence before commencing operations. The mayor widespread than ever, and many of our traditional of New York City has been forced to back down governance tools and approaches are in danger of under intense pressure from imposing a controversial losing relevance. cap on new Uber drivers. Many city halls across the Consider the ‘sharing economy,’ which globe have been opting to crack down on Uber’s encompasses the interactions enabled by disruptive operations. technologies that provide alternatives to traditional Attempts to enforce an unworkable status quo services like taxis or hotels, for example. Sharing ante aren’t the answer. The sharing economy isn’t economy disruptors are posing challenges to all going anywhere, and enforcing out-dated rules levels of government that could not have been won’t solve the governance challenges it presents. imagined, let alone anticipated, a few years ago Governments should ask a simple question: what when the rules governing their sectors were do citizens really want? They know the public is developed. Governments need to rethink some of dissatisfi ed both with the service it is receiving the fundamental premises of public governance, from public transit and from often expensive and the role of citizens and governments both in and uncompetitive taxi systems because they

66—Power & Influence Spring 2016 THE ESSAY-IDEAS

are voting with their thumbs to use citizens and other actors with apps like Uber instead. If players in regard to economic activity and existing industries are losing out development, safety and protection to nimbler digital competitors, in a of rights, including privacy, as well The digital democratic context, it’s tempting to as the relationships between levels of “ say ‘tough luck.’ Such is the nature of government. era represents a competitive marketplace. But some Second, governments’ response municipal governments have instead to early sharing economy providers an exponential been responding with heavy-handed like Uber will infl uence how society shift in the pace and shortsighted enforcement of out- deals with other emerging disruptors dated rules that ignore what citizens that are shaking up industries far of social, political really want. beyond taxis and limousines. From Governments have a responsibility Airbnb’s potential transformation of and economic to help us understand the profound the hospitality industry and Netfl ix’s changes that are upon us, including alternative to traditional television transformation. the benefi ts and the dangers of the broadcasting, to the coming disruption disruptive innovations characteristic of of the fi nancial sector by services like Governments must the emerging sharing economy. How Kickstarter or TransferWise, Uber is governments deal with companies like merely the crest of a wave of digitally rise to the challenge Uber matters for at least two reasons. disruptive services that has been on the or become First, the growth of the sharing horizon for some time. economy and other digital age Governments have a choice: do increasingly innovations raises issues that go far they adapt and help channel these beyond the regulatory. These are innovations into socially benefi cial irrelevant to their ultimately policy issues that reframe outcomes? Or, by forcing a dynamic the dialogue between government, and changing landscape into the static citizens.”

Power & Influence Spring 2016—67 IDEAS-THE ESSAY

categories of yesterday’s governance, provide better long-term results than will they risk getting swept away into denial of a changing reality. The sharing irrelevance? What will best serve the economy raises real and pressing issues. public good? How, for example, are workers on sharing Governments should not make economy platforms to be categorized for important policy decisions in a vacuum, tax purposes? What workplace protections in which established industry players may and safeguards are they entitled to? How claim the lion’s share of a government’s can users and consumers of sharing attention, obscuring what the broad economy services be adequately insured? citizenry actually wants. Citizens may feel Are local industries being disrupted by that Uber should be allowed to operate digital newcomers entitled to transition freely, for example, but have neither the assistance from the state? What is the time nor the means to put their interests role of local, provincial and national before governments in an organized way. governments in regulating global In the absence of platforms that may be headquartered on citizen input, some the other side of the globe while delivering recalcitrant cities services locally? and jurisdictions Thorny questions like these highlight have proven some of the areas where we need all Rather than out-dated in their levels of government to safeguard the “burying their infl exible and public good through constructive, far- unimaginative sighted action. The digital era requires heads in the sand, approaches. rethinking traditional governance There are boundaries. Policymakers, for example, governments other ways to have an opportunity to question some of respond. Some their fundamental assumptions—from should seize municipalities, recognizing the need to expand traditional both in Canada and parameters of effective monitoring, to the opportunity abroad, have begun ensuring that the lifecycle of regulatory to recognize that renewal begins moving at digital speeds. to provide the services like Uber Relatedly, in the face of increasingly leadership that the are ‘here to stay,’ complex, cross-cutting policy issues, and that citizens governments in the digital era have to digital revolution demand new and learn to better consider and anticipate creative ways to system-wide ramifi cations in a context requires.” respond to the need where risks spill over quickly from one for regulation. The sector to another. And for this to happen, city of Boston, for public institutions will have to learn example, has entered into a data sharing to share information more effectively partnership with Uber that will use rider and to collaborate meaningfully, both information to identify underserved areas, internally and externally, all the while duly manage road repairs, and analyze traffi c considering both the privacy and security fl ows. Edmonton’s city council recently of citizens’ information. passed new regulations that apply to In Canada’s unique federal context, both taxis and Uber drivers, and allow all this also necessarily means rising to Uber drivers to operate so long as they the challenges of multi-level governance possess adequate commercial insurance. In and learning to work effi ciently and California, when the state transportation pragmatically across levels of government. commission was faced with the task of The struggle of municipal governments deciding whether Uber was a technology to come to grips with new enterprises company or a traditional taxi brokerage, it like Uber foreshadows the struggle that decided to invent a new category, that of all levels of government will soon be the Transportation Network Company, that experiencing. It signals the advent of better fi ts Uber’s unique business model. radical digital change. Rather than burying Now a new regulatory ecosystem is growing their heads in the sand, governments around a new business model for a new should seize the opportunity to provide era, instead of forcing twenty-fi rst century the leadership that the digital revolution business to comply with 20th-century rules. requires. Citizens will thank them for it in Such constructive engagement will the end.

68—Power & Influence Spring 2016 CONSERVATIVE PARTY FUTURE-FEATURE

‘Rebuilding is not an insurmountable issue. But it has to be handled intelligently and done in a collaborative way,’ says former Finance minister Joe Oliver. P&I photograph by Jake Wright

Conservatives must reach out to Canadians ‘in a much more tangible way than Stephen Harper did.’

Continued from page 53

However, McKenzie Kibler, 22, the former president of McGill’s Conservative club who worked on both Mr. Oliver’s campaign last fall and in his ofﬁ ce as an intern, says the party needs to move away from “elite-driven policies” embedded in the Toronto-Montreal axis of the so-called Laurentian Consensus that meets “the needs of only a few, urban, bilingual and privileged in Canada and neglects regional, suburban, rural and aboriginal ways of life and economic opportunities.” “There is a certain orthodoxy and loyalty that need to go if we are to rebuild and re-earn Canadians’ trust,” he says. Mr. Kibler believes the next Conservative leader will need to be “empathetic and open,” hold small-c conservative values and “articulate a vision for Canada” that focuses on the individual, not the state. “I disagree with how narrow and internally conforming the party has become recently,” he says, noting the niqab issue emphasized “fear over choice, and the role of the majority in polls rather than principle on this issue.” “We should have learned from the debate in Quebec over the Charter of Values, where the ban on religious symbols in WANT TO the public service was at issue, and moved on. Instead we were, wrongly, pigeonholed into being perceived as anti-Muslim.” LEARN FRENCH? Ms. Austin says while there needs to be a focus on cities, the next leader doesn’t necessarily have to come for a metropolitain area. “I think what will distinguish the next leadership campaign will be the candidate who knows exactly who he or she is, who’s truthful with the voters in terms of their image and their policies, and how they interact with Canadians,” she says. “They’re going to have make sure they just reach out and touch Canadians in a much more tangible way than Stephen Harper did.” Mr. Harper’s former communications director Dimitri Soudas said that the Conservative Party must reclaim the energy it had a decade ago when it formed government. “After winning three consecutive elections, a certain degree of complacency settled in. So one really important task for both the interim leader, and most importantly, for the permanent leader is to rebuild the grassroots organization and go at it again with a high level of passion and determination,” explains Mr. Soudas, who also served as the federal party’s ).4%.3)6%s0!24 4)-%s7/2+3(/03 executive director. 3,%02%0!2!4)/.s/.,).%#/523%3 “The next leader needs to also remain a conservative, and not move the party to competing with the Liberals,” says SINCE 1905 Mr. Soudas, managing partner of international trade and business development company Stampede Group Inc. “If that REGISTER NOW: were to happen, you might as well vote for the Liberals and www.af.ca/ottawa | 613-234-9470 not those pretending to be them.”

Power & Influence Spring 2016—69 IDEAS-SUSTAINABLE GLOBAL AGENDA Canada poised to lead on new global agenda

n the world of international cooperation, development, foreign investment, infrastructure the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), development, aid policy, trade objectives, or climate Ithe Paris Climate Change Agreement, and goals. Canada has a role to play to ensure indigenous the Outcome Document of the fi rst World peoples are part of global decision-making in the Conference on Indigenous Peoples which reaffi rmed development and climate agenda. global commitment to the full realization of the For starters, Canada’s pledge to implement rights of Indigenous peoples were landmark policy the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of achievements. This presents an historic opportunity Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) is in itself path- to make the world more equitable, just, healthier, breaking as no government has committed to its and secure from the unacceptable risks posed by implementation as a matter of policy and priority. GINA climate change, lack of respect for human rights, The UNDRIP sets out the human rights and COSENTINO unfettered natural resource development, extreme minimum standards for the survival, dignity and poverty, confl ict and corruption. well-being of indigenous peoples around the world. Gina Cosentino is currently a Where Canada can have the most leveraged and Often touted as being merely aspirational— consultant at the World Bank scalable impact is by taking its indigenous policy especially by governments who refuse to in Washington, D.C. in the priority global. acknowledge indigenous peoples or their rights Indigenous Peoples Advisory Canada’s global indigenous policy should address —the former UN Special Rapporteur on the Rights in the Social, Urban, Rural and some of the key issues affecting indigenous peoples of Indigenous Peoples affi rmed the declaration Resilience Global Practice. today such as climate change (mitigation, adaptation as a part of international law to which countries She is also a visiting scholar and disaster risk reduction), tenure insecurity, food are obligated to respect and implement. As such, at the Institute for the Study and water insecurity, health inequity, sustainable Canada’s human rights commitments to indigenous of Human Rights, Columbia resource and infrastructure development on or peoples extend outside our borders as well. A clear University. She has held senior leadership positions such as near their territories, and a lack of awareness, commitment to implement the UNDRIP abroad can global director of indigenous recognition or understanding of indigenous peoples’ infl uence other governments to do the same. and communal conservation human rights. This would improve the well-being, So what can Canada do in the near term? at The Nature Conservancy livelihoods, and natural resources of the world’s 370 Indigenous Climate: Endorse the Geneva Pledge. in Washington, D.C., and million indigenous people. This is a voluntary initiative where states pledge to the former chief adviser of Indigenous peoples account for fi ve per cent collaborate between national representatives in the government relations and of the world’s population, but they own, occupy, UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and international affairs to former or have a claim to a quarter of the planet that the UN Human Rights Council. Second, commit Assembly of First Nations represents 80 per cent of the world’s remaining to implementing the provisions related to human national chief Phil Fontaine. biodiversity. As a result, indigenous territories have rights, indigenous rights, gender equality and Her comments refl ect hers alone. become hotspots for activities related to natural related principles in the climate agreement. Climate resource exploitation, infrastructure development, projects and programs Canada funds abroad should climate action and biodiversity conservation. also include explicit reference to indigenous peoples’ Despite their resource-rich environments, rights and an accountability and monitoring indigenous peoples account for at least 15 per cent mechanism to ensure this is enforced. At the next of the world’s poorest. climate meeting in Morocco, Canada can play an The lack of clear rights to own and use land active role in galvanizing commitments by all states and other natural resources has driven millions of to implement the rights and safeguards provisions indigenous peoples to poverty, and has encouraged in the agreement as part of their environmental widespread illegal logging, fi shing and forest loss and climate diplomacy. Human rights and just and resource degradation. This has also resulted in environmental action are interrelated. the loss of traditional livelihoods, exacerbated food The UN Sustainable Development Goals: and water insecurity, engendered confl ict, threatened The SDGs ushered in a new paradigm of global culture and language, among other adverse impacts. cooperation to address sustainable development Moreover, as the demand for more food, water, by 2030. Canada should support investments in energy, and other commodities continues to rise, generating indigenous disaggregated data so that the rights of indigenous peoples to their lands, development programs meaningfully address territories, and natural resources are increasingly the rights, needs and priorities of indigenous ignored or downplayed by courts, governments, peoples, and ensure indigenous peoples’ rights are and industry when they clash with economic mainstreamed across all 17 goals. Canada should

70—Power & Influence Spring 2016 SUSTAINABLE GLOBAL AGENDA-IDEAS

also support capacity development and inclusive initiatives so that Canada’s commitment to implement the UN Declaration should indigenous peoples can be full and effective partners in advancing inform negotiations. the development agenda at the national and global levels. Canada Support indigenous-led conservation and development: The should ensure development (or climate) projects funded by United Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP) Equator Canada provide technical assistance and training to those countries Initiative, for example, seeks to support local solutions “to mitigate that require assistance with operationalizing and safeguarding and adapt to climate change as well as advance innovative solutions Indigenous peoples’ rights. to sustainable development challenges.” Similarly, UNDP’s World Responsible Businesses: Ensure Canadian corporations and Indigenous Network (WIN) facilitates community-community industrial activities operating abroad respect Canada’s human exchanges and learning opportunities among indigenous land rights commitments to indigenous peoples, including but not and sea managers. Programs like these facilitate good practices in limited to respecting the principle of free, prior and informed managing ecosystems, protecting the environment and supporting consent, and good social and environmental safeguards and culturally appropriate sustainable livelihoods. practices. This includes ensuring effective monitoring, oversight, Canada’s domestic indigenous policy agenda has garnered reporting, and redress and grievance mechanisms. As governments global attention, especially Canada’s commitment to implement are primarily responsible for upholding human rights, Canada the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. The should play a proactive role to ensure meaningful accountability, impact of such a commitment can have very tangible outcomes transparency and due diligence of Canadian corporate activities on for indigenous peoples around the world whose rights, lands, and or near indigenous territories. life chances are precariously insecure. A sustained cooperative and Responsible Global Governance: Ensure all Canadian proactive effort through multilateral action is needed at all political representatives across the UN system, including in multilateral and levels—local to global—joined by civil society, indigenous peoples, bilateral fi nancial development institutions have a clear mandate the private sector, and global institutions. and requirement to promote, respect and protect the human rights Indigenous peoples have been an overlooked and undervalued of indigenous peoples, especially those working in development, constituency in the fi ght against climate change, environmental climate, conservation and fi nance sectors. This also includes conservation, and sustainable economic development. investing in human rights training for Canadian representatives The opportunity for Canada to export a new brand of who negotiate on behalf of Canada on how to operationalize diplomacy and global leadership rooted in indigenous rights based the UNDRIP. In addition, as many states still refuse to respect or on climate, conservation and development has never been more recognize the existence of indigenous peoples in their territories, bright. Adams Orthodontics A SMILE THAT’S GOOD FOR YOUR LIFE

DR. BLAIR ADAMS BSC D.D.S. DIP. ORTHO DR. ADAMS IS THE CHOICE FOR MANY DENTISTS AND THEIR FAMILIES. How Orthodontics can Improve Sleep Apnea

Do you or your child have any of these symptoms? Why is this important? associated with insufficient deep sleep is s Snoring loudly or nightly? Well…..consider the following; when we sleep, permanent and non-recoverable. s Excessive sleepiness during the day? we relax. Relaxation is restful and very important for If your child has any signs of this sort of s Problems falling asleep? the repair needed after our stressful daily activities. behaviour; see your family doctor…… or your local Also; it is in deep REM sleep that we transfer our orthodontist! Then you need to read this article! daily experiences into long-term memory. Why would an orthodontist be best for a sleep problem? Sleep apnea has severe effects on people of But relaxation of our airway muscles allows our Facial form creates breathing constraints. Recessive all ages. But although you might think only the airway to soften and close slightly. If this relaxation lower jaws force the tongue to the back of the throat. A elderly and overweight are affected, SRBD’s also is accompanied by other breathing constraints; we narrow palate reduces nasal and oral airway; the ‘roof of have severe effects on children, and this can be as are in danger! the mouth’ is also the ‘floor of the nose’. early as 6 years of age. It can be fatal to adults and Anything that prevents us from easily getting air And this is where the Orthodontist comes in. cause permanent intelligence loss in children. But into our lungs is a breathing constraint. It could be More correctly known as a “Specialist in Maxillo- sleep apnea is only the tip of the iceberg. There is large tonsils blocking a child’s airway, or, fat deposits Facial Orthopedics,” Orthodontists are the only a host of related conditions that fall into the group that do the same for a sixty-year old adult. When we health care specialists that routinely modify facial of conditions known as “SRBD”; sleep-related don’t have adequate oxygen as we sleep, we struggle form to improve the airway without surgery. breathing disorders. All can become hazards for our to awaken. This brings us out of the deep, restful sleep For best results; the Canadian Orthodontic health and intelligence. we need and floods our body with adrenaline; the toxic Association recommends; see your orthodontist Adults who don’t breathe easily have problems stress response that creates disease. before age 7. If you have stopped growing up and are that range from mild drowsiness all the way to obesity, Children who do this all night long do not sleep growing sideways; your orthodontist and oral surgeon diabetes and heart attack. Snoring always comes well, do not remember well and cannot learn well. can team up to produce truly spectacular results. to mind when we think of sleep related breathing Children who haven’t slept well, are not able to sit problems. It is a common problem for adults, but for quietly and pay attention in school. Some studies We can help your child! children; it is always considered absolutely abnormal show that 55% of those diagnosed with ADD or If you would like to learn more; please call and pathological. Adult snoring can be as loud as a ADHD have sleep-related breathing problems. 613-748-1252 to reserve your complimentary chain-saw, but a child’s snoring can be difficult to Most disturbing of all; researchers consider exam (where we can easily assess if you or your recognize and is often described as a “purring” sound. that for children, the loss of intelligence child is a candidate for sleep solutions).

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Power & Influence Spring 2016—71 IDEAS-OFFICIAL LANGUAGES

Quebec’s English-speaking community fighting to maintain disappearing institutional base built over centuries

anadians are blessed with the opportunity hard largely on our own to alleviate the social and to live, play and work in two offi cial economic challenges faced by most minorities. languages. Ensuring this gift is a defi ning Additionally, federal support of offi cial language characteristic of our nation’s history. minority communities is built on the cooperation CLong ago, we discarded the notion that English of provinces and territories, in whose jurisdiction and French would be geographically limited, and lie most of the areas that ensure community vitality. we have constitutionally guaranteed the presence of Quebec does not recognize English-speaking Quebec our national languages from sea to sea to sea. The as a linguistic minority, and so our community must government of Canada’s commitment to this ideal frequently approach Ottawa for support. Perceptions is expressed through the Offi cial Languages Act, of federal government infringement on Quebec’s DANadvancing the equality of status and use of the English powers are especially sensitive, since this directly LAMOUREUX and French languages in Canadian society. A key triggers national unity concerns. element of this commitment is the support the federal The history of Canada’s English and French linguistic minority communities is very different, and Dan Lamoureux is president government provides to enhancing the vitality of of the Quebec Community English and French linguistic minority communities. so we are dissimilar in structure and capacity. The Groups Network which A vital community is self-aware, possesses a critical English-speaking community of Quebec is fi ghting to brings together 48 English- mass of people and capacity that permits a degree maintain a disappearing institutional base that it has language community of self-reliance, and is able to perpetuate its identity built over centuries. We are not protecting a language, organizations across the and culture. In the case of a linguistic minority, a but communities that possess an identity and culture province. The QCGN is a vital community is able to provide its members with unique from Canada’s English majority. And because centre of evidence-based a space in which their language can live and thrive. we are located within one province, our community expertise and collective This means having economic opportunities, public sector organizations are local or provincial in nature action on the strategic issues services, community meeting places and institutions and scope, as are most sector umbrella organizations. affecting the development Very few have the capacity to engage at the national and vitality of English- like hospitals and schools available in the minority speaking Quebec. language. It also means ensuring an environment level, and fewer are funded to do so. And so, even where youth and newcomers see a future. when our community is present at the national table, Because we defi ne offi cial language minority it often lacks the policy background and support to communities in terms of provincial and territorial effectively engage. boundaries, Canada’s English linguistic minority Despite these challenges, we remain optimistic. communities are located in Quebec. English-speaking Canada’s offi cial languages strategies since the 2003 Quebec is Canada’s largest offi cial language minority Action Plan have increasingly attempted to address community—there are more than one million the needs of English-speaking Quebec. Awareness residents whose fi rst offi cial language is English. This of our community, and the obligation of all federal unique and diverse community is unsurprisingly institutions to take positive measures that enhance our Canada’s most bilingual group of English speakers. vitality is growing. The levels of support we receive And although 84 per cent of our community lives from some institutions and individuals within the within the Montreal Census Metropolitan Area, government of Canada and organizations subject to more than 210,000 community members live in the Offi cial Language Act such as Via Rail, Air Canada, other Quebec regions, away from English-speaking and Canada Post is, on the whole, outstanding. We Montreal’s institutional base. know there is a sincere wish to help us in most federal The government of Canada is committed to institutions. developing a new offi cial languages plan to support The government of Quebec is also showing an English and French linguistic minority communities. interest in our community and willingness to help, The English-speaking community of Quebec has fuelled by the realization that English-speaking not equitably benefi tted from previous strategies, Quebec is a valuable asset and that regional nor does our community have an equal voice in the communities in particular must be nurtured. national offi cial languages discussion. Policy makers We encourage political and policy leaders to get and leaders have often relied upon unsupported to know English-speaking Quebec, and understand presumptions that because English is safe, English its unique challenges. And we look forward to linguistic minorities need less attention. In reality, participating in the upcoming public consultations many English-speaking communities across Quebec to help shape a new offi cial languages plan tailored are struggling to survive; we are fi ghting to ensure the to equitably support Canada’s English linguistic sustainability of regional communities, and working minorities. 72—Power & Influence Spring 2016 HUGH SEGAL-THE Q&A

Canada needs a non-partisan regional economic development in B.C. and in Nova Scotia and elsewhere more important than actually getting the ships we foreign policy, says Segal needed at the most reasonable price and as quickly as possible and that is why the projects are very much delayed. Continued from page 65 “The truth of the matter is, the concept of launching a 20- or 30-year program to get supply ships doesn’t make any sense at all What caused us to move away from that approach? in the world in which we live.” “I would say in the Chrétien era … the Team Canada approach— sending groups of Canadian business people and politicians around What do you think overall is the biggest foreign policy issue the world to build trade—became the dominant thematic. currently facing Canada? “When you’re doing that then of course you don’t want to “I think our greatest foreign policy issue is how to maintain offend anybody, you don’t want to take any unpleasant stands, you peace and security in a way that is in our economic and social don’t want to in any way shape or form come apart from someone interest and will preserve life and opportunity for a vast like China or Russia or the Middle East, for example, because majority for people worldwide. That challenge to peace and you’re looking to advance trade relations.” security is real: it’s real in Crimea, it’s real in terms of the borders of Ukraine, it’s real in the Middle East and it’s real in The new Liberal government is faced with the pressing need the South China Sea, and Canada should be prepared to work for defence procurement—what do you think the government with our allies to produce stability in those areas and to make should do? it perfectly clear there are rules, there are principles, there are “Canada should probably have an Armed Forces of 150,000, freedoms to be protected and Canada will be a willing partner of which 100,000 are regular force and 50,000 are reserves, rather in that process.” than our present number which is in the 50,000-60,000 range. We need, in my judgment, a 60-ship fi ghting navy. Not one that Who do you want to read this book? has 15 or 20 or 30 ships, but one that can deploy on a bunch of “To the credit of the present government (by the way, who I humanitarian, diplomatic and other missions around the world to think are doing many things that are righ) they have initiated a send a clear message about Canadian values. defence review and a foreign policy review, all which is supposed “I think it’s important that we do not confuse procurement of to be fi nished sometime in the coming fall. So the notion that what our armed forces need with generating jobs in the regions, this book might contribute to that debate or discussion in some because when you do that, for example, you end up spending more constructive way would be my fondest hope.” money to help shipyards that aren’t really up-and-running build their ship yards before you’ll actually get ships. Whereas if you look at what the Australians and others are doing: the Australians We provide are ordering ships and submarines from other countries because full service they can produce them more quickly, more effectively and more ÀQHFDWHULQJÀQWUDLWHXU corporate, effi ciently. “When you confuse defence procurement in support of our government and core values and our diplomatic stance with generating jobs in social catering the regions, then what happens is you begin to rob Peter to pay in the greater Paul and the procurement process is slowed down, made more Ottawa-Gatineau expensive and the Canadian Forces don’t get what they need to do Region. the job properly.” Reserve your next event Did the former Conservative government do that? today! “I think that the Conservative government made a mistake in the way in which it went about its naval procurement by making 613-741-5643 [email protected] goodiescatering.com

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Power & Influence Spring 2016—73 Travers Debates honorary co-chairs former Liberal cabinet minister John Manley, left, and former Conservative cabinet minister and journalist Peter Kent, pictured at the 2013 debate. P&I photograph by Jake Wright

Forget Question Period or budget debates on ways and means motions. On May 17, parliamentarians, journalists, lobbyists and public servants will throw decorum out the window and take in a unique and fun-filled night of uncivilized banter over thought-provoking topics, all for a good cause.

Be it resolved that the Travers Debates is a must-attend event on the political social calendar. BY MARTHA ILBOUDO

hen it comes to witnessing purpose of it is to remind people of Jim a great debate, there is Travers, to keep the memory of Jim Travers W nowhere in Ottawa quite like alive and to raise funds for the fellowship and the House of Commons— for people to have an enjoyable time.” freedom of speech at its very best. However, A unique and fun-ﬁ lled event, the like with most things, there are exceptions to Travers Debates was created in 2012 to every rule. For one night each year politicos honour Travers, who died in 2011 from gather to throw rules of civility and decorum complications after surgery on his spleen, out the window and instead throw jabs at and to raise money for the R. James each other at the annual Travers Debates. Travers Foreign Corresponding Fellowship “There are a lot of debate events that created by his family and friends and take place in Ottawa. Ours is fun as well as overseen by Carleton University. So far, the important,” says Peter Calamai, a long-time Travers Debates has raised $155,000 for friend and colleague of former Toronto Star the fellowship, which annually awards a columnist Jim Travers who also sits on the journalist with $25,000 to cover international debate steering committee. “The whole stories that affect Canada beyond its borders.

74—Power & Influence Spring 2016 TRAVERS DEBATES-CULTURE

“We were feeling our way the fi rst time,” developing countries from migrant workers says Mr. Calamai of the fi rst debates in in Canada. 2012. “I don’t think anybody had tried that Travers returned to Canada in 1988 and before. Not just in Ottawa but anywhere in 1991 he served as editor of the Ottawa else. It was an experiment on our part. The Citizen, a position he held for fi ve years fi rst couple of years most of the people before resigning as a result of differences that came knew Jim personally but as the with the paper’s owner, Hollinger Corp. time passed … it’s evolved and spread the In 1997, he was hired as the managing circle wider of people who came to include executive editor at The Toronto Star and people that never met Jim Travers but were in 1999, he began writing for The Star’s interested in his ideas and his work as a Ottawa bureau. In 2010, Mr. Travers journalist.” won the National Newspaper Award for Now entering its fourth year, the Travers column writing for a piece titled “The Debates has attracted top politicos to its quiet unraveling of Canadian democracy.” Jim Travers was a foreign correspondent for Southam News, Ottawa Citizen editor sold-out doors every year. In 2005, Mr. Travers was honoured and a Toronto Star columnist. Following his “I think it’s because we position it as a with the Charles Lynch Award from the death in 2011, friends and family created non-partisan event, you get all the different parliamentary press gallery. a fellowship in his name for Canadian parties being there and I think that’s a “Jim was a true gentleman whose reporters to ‘bear witness’ to what was good thing. The serious debate is not really rumpled presence concealed a sharp mind, happening outside of Canada’s borders. staged to try and infl uence policy—it’s a lovely sense of fun and a great pen,” Mr. P&I photograph by Jake Wright to take an important issue in the public Rae said in the House of Commons after discourse and get a couple of people who Mr. Travers died. “He would have been This year’s Travers Debates is set to have some real background and interest in annoyed with me for not being able to get take place on May 17 at the National Arts it and its really more for the audience to through this without crying. … We will all Centre in Ottawa. Guest and attendees will absorb the argument, pros and cons, for miss his keen mind and shrewd analysis, be treated once again to the light-hearted the resolution,” Mr. Calamai tells P&I. “It’s but even more, we will miss the warmth banter from crowd favourite and comedic designed to take a topic of interest and take and kindness he showed to so many of us.” gem, debate moderator Bob Rae; host two different points of view and hopefully Rosemary Barton; honorary co-chairs the audience will learn something that NDP MP Peter Kent and John Manley; and honorary night.” Ruth Ellen timekeeper Kevin Page. The fellowship was created to help Brosseau and There will be two debates, but as increase foreign reporting from a Canadian journalist of deadline, the topics were not yet perspective, something that Travers Katie Simpson will announced. The fi rst debate, usually with loved doing as a foreign correspondent go head- a light-hearted topic, features Maclean’s for Southam News. He believed it was to-head on columnist Scott Feschuk and NDP MP important for Canadian reporters to “bear a debate Ruth Ellen Brosseau in favour of the witness” to their world fi rst hand because on May motion, and CTV reporter Katie Simpson what was happening abroad also affected 17 at the and Liberal MP Rodger Cuzner against Canadians locally. Travers was posted in National Arts the motion. Conducted in standard debate Harare, Zimbabwe from 1982 to 1985 and Centre. P&I format, each participant will be allocated later in Nicosia, Cyprus for another three photographs by fi ve minutes to speak on their motion. years. He covered violence in Lebanon, Jake Wright Each team will be given three minutes survived trench battles during the Iraq-Iran for a rebuttal. At the end, Mr. Rae will war and the ongoing changes happening summarize the remarks and ask the crowd globally during that time. to vote yay or nay for the winner. A second, Over the last decade, Mr. Calamai notes, more serious debate will take place after the number of foreign correspondents this one. has decreased signifi cantly because of the Mr. Rae also said that Travers “had a Last year’s debate was cancelled because decline in news revenue. “Partly it’s a result deep love of our country and a profound of the election campaign, but past years’ of people thinking that they can get news respect for the importance of our debate topics included whether Senators about war zones and other areas through democratic institutions and traditions.” should be selected in reality TV style with social media or the internet,” he says. For Al MacKay, one of this year’s winners chosen by the public, voting in real Past winners of the Travers Fellowship debates committee co-chairs, “Jim had time via Twitter; whether Canada has lost include Katie DeRosa, Mike Blanchfi eld, a great sense of humor and loved puns. its way in the world; whether journalists Marco Chown Oved, Laura Payton and The fun debate plays to that side of and politicians should be banned from adding to the list of recipients is this year’s it, the serious debate plays to what he practicing each other’s professions; and winners Michel Huneault and Sarah R. was—an award winning journalist who whether Canada is a democracy in name Champagne, who through their work really enjoyed a good argument, a good only. will examine the impact of remittances to discussion with people on both sides.”

Power & Influence Spring 2016—75 Politics, up close and personal. In print eve Monday and Wednesd

www.hilltimes.com ry day.

The Hill Times is online every day on a new website, call Chris at 613-688-8822 for a free trial. THREE WORDS-A STAFFER’S LIFE

here are thousands of staff working on Parliament Hill. From the “exempt” political staff working for Cabinet Minister offi ces—exempted from provincial labour laws and considered public offi ce holders under the law—to the parliamentary, legislative and members’ assistants hard at work in offi ces across the Parliamentary precinct, many T say there’s no such thing as a “typical day” on the Hill. Often working 12 to 15 hours daily starting sometimes before sunrise, staffers are an integral part of making sure government runs smoothly, and for those in opposition, making sure it remains accountable. P&I talked to eleven staffers to ask: What three words would describe a day in the life of a staffer?

BY LAURA RYCKEWAERT

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

P&I photographs by Jake Wright, courtesy of PMO archives, and courtesy of Twitter.

9 10 11

1. Jordan Owens, press secretary to Defence Minister: “Exciting. Interesting. Real privilege.” 2. Saro Khatchadourian, OLO communications adviser: “Unpredictable. Satiating. Emotional.” 3. George Smith, media and executive assistant to the NDP Leader: “News. Messaging. Repeat.” 4. Mathieu R. St-Amand, Bloc Québécois press secretary: “French. Team. Different.” 5. Debra Eindiguer, chief of staff to the Green Party Leader: “Inspired. Engaged. Intense.” (Or alternatively: “Not. Enough Time.”) 6. Cody Jones, assistant to Liberal MP Kevin Lamoureux: “Challenging. Stimulating. Fun.” 7. Theresa Kavanagh, assistant to NDP Whip Marjolaine Boutin-Sweet: “Dynamic. Hopeful. Inspiring.” 8. Heather Bradley, director of communications to the House Speaker: “Unpredictable. Busy. Unique.” 9. Matthew Conway, member’s assistant to Conservative MP Tony Clement: “Unpredictable. Invigorating. Passion.” 10. Colleen Knight, parliamentary assistant to Liberal MP T.J. Harvey: “Adventure. Humour. Privilege.” 11. Alanna Makinson, parliamentary assistant to NDP MP Niki Ashton: “Diverse. Unexpected. Engaging.”

78—Power & Influence Spring 2016 WHISKY-COMMONS UNCORKED CANADIAN WHISKY MAKING GLOBAL APPEARANCES (And how the House Speaker chooses his scotch)

n his famed Whisky Bible, leading English like Champagne is only produced in Champagne, whisky writer Jim Murray awarded a France. Canadian malt whisky, Crown Royal Mr. Regan’s offi ce would not comment on Northern Harvest Rye, 97.5 marks out of the tradition, but former House Speaker Andrew I100, earning it the title of World Whisky of the Scheer spoke with Power & Infl uence about the Year. process of choosing a whisky and his thoughts on As a sommelier, I know a lot about wine and going Canadian. I campaign for Canadian wine whenever I can “I put together the list myself. I knew what (chardonnay, riesling, pinot noir and gamay are kind of scotches I enjoy, and I tried and go for our stars). But when it comes to whisky, spirits variety so it’s not all from Highland or too peaty,” made in Canada certainly do not cross my mind explained Mr. Scheer. “I picked an example from ASHA as being the best in the world. every category I am familiar with or that I’ve HINGORANI For one reason, our regulations are shoddy had. I would also take suggestions from other when it comes to adding artifi cial fl avouring, as members for the list. There are anywhere from Asha Hingorani is the editor of many of our rye whiskys have dominating maple, eight to 12 to choose from.” Parliament Now, which closely apple or pumpkin overtones and aromas, with After the list was assembled, then-Speaker covers the business of the little or no information provided to the consumer Scheer held a taste test for MPs to vote on House and Senate. She is a certifi ed sommelier and hopes about its authenticity. which one to use as the House Speaker’s scotch, to use her writing and wine Don’t get me wrong—for $30 a bottle, Crown which would be served at events and to give to training to expose Canada’s Royal Northern Harvest Rye is a great value. But dignitaries as gifts. Mr. Scheer’s fi rst choice was great wine treasures. for a nightcap or throwing in the wine towel for a single malt from Scotland’s Glenmorangie the evening, I’d prefer a wee dram of Jameson and his second choice was a Balvenie 12-year-old or—if my budget permits—I may go for a DoubleWood single malt. single malt scotch whisky from Islay, Scotland, Regardless of how the current Speaker makes preferably aged in ex-bourbon casks, sticking to his choice, the selected whisky will bear the what a region champions for the best expressions. Speaker’s custom label. Mr. Murray’s crowning recognition of the So why not pick Canadian, eh? Northern Harvest Rye might have confused many “I know there was discussion about picking a whisky enthusiasts, but it also shed light on a Canadian rye, after I already selected mine,” said Canadian industry that is watching its popularity Mr. Scheer, who served as House Speaker from and interest grow. 2011 to 2015. “There was a discussion of whether We saw Canadian whisky make a cameo the speaker should repatriate this and make it a appearance on the menu at the 2016 White House Canadian whisky or a Canadian product. I think State dinner. The main course served to Prime that’s interesting and should be explored. Perhaps Minister Justin Trudeau was lamb from Colorado it’s something the new speaker will think about.” served with Yukon Gold potatoes and spring At deadline, Mr. Regan had not made public vegetables drizzled with Yukon Jack Canadian his whisky choice, however, in a 2015 Huffi ngton whisky. Post interview, he answered the following Back in Ottawa, newly-minted House question: What would be the Speaker’s scotch? Speaker Geoff Regan has the task of picking the “Glen Breton, single malt whisky.” It is made Speaker’s Scotch, a relatively new tradition in the in Mabou, N.S., Mr. Regan noted—his home Commons, which was adopted following former province. Liberal House Speaker Peter Milliken’s fi rst visit If I had my pick, Pike Creek Double Barrelled to his counterpart at Westminster—Speaker Canadian Whisky would be a good choice. It has Michael Martin—where there is a long tradition caramel, clove, prune and baking spice aromas; of a Speaker’s Scotch. on the palate it is full-bodied and warming on the Mr. Milliken’s choices came from the Talisker soul, with a fi nish of spiced caramel. Although, and Dalwhinnie distilleries in Scotland. Due to frankly, I’d bend tradition and pick a Speaker’s the Scotch Whisky Act of 1988, it is illegal to wine—an Ontario pinot noir that shows earthy produce whisky in Scotland other than Scotch and ripe fruit aromas and has proven to be great whisky, therefore scotch is only made in Scotland, company on any occasion.

Power & Influence Spring 2016—79 PEOPLE-THE BACK PAGE 20 QUESTIONS PIERRE-LUC DUSSEAULT

NDP MP Pierre-Luc Dusseault made headlines when he was first elected in May 2011 as the Member of Parliament for Sherbrooke, Que., as the youngest MP ever. Then just 19 years old and a first-year political science student at Université de Sherbrooke, Mr. Dusseault defeated an incumbent Bloc Québécois MP and was part of the youthful NDP orange wave that swept over Quebec. Unlike many of his caucus colleagues, Mr. Dusseault beat off the Liberal challenger in his riding last fall to return to his seat in the House of Commons. Today, at 24 years old (he’ll turn 25 at the end of May), he continues to be the youngest MP on the Hill, but Mr. Dusseault is no longer a rookie—and there are almost 200 around this Parliament. He’s the former chair of the Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics Committee—not bad for a first term MP—and in this Parliament serves as the NDP’s national revenue critic. He talks to P&I about his most prized possession and his personal motto.

hat is your idea of perfect happiness? Being healthy and having people that I love around me. What is your greatest W fear? The state of our planet. Which living person do you most admire? My mother. For everything she has done for me. What is your current state of mind? Curiosity. Which words or phrases do you most overuse? Obviously. Obvious. Which talent would you most like to have? Playing a musical instrument. If you could change one thing about yourself, what would it be? Being able to ignore the judgements of others. What do you consider your greatest achievement? Being the youngest Member of Parliament in Canadian history. Where would you most like to live? At the same place every day. What is your most treasured possession? Books. What do you regard as the lowest depth of misery? Being hopeless. What is your favourite occupation? Politician. What is your most marked characteristic? Calm. What do you most value in your friends? Loyalty. Who are your favourite writers? I don’t consider that I have read enough in my life to choose one. The last books I read went from The Highs Mountains of Portugal by Yann Martel (a novel), to Red Notice by Bill Browder (a true story), to Economic Substance and Tax Avoidance: An International Perspective by Robert McMechan (which is academic). Who is your hero of ﬁ ction? Tintin. Who are your heroes in real life? Mothers. Which historical ﬁ gure do you most identify with? Jack Layton. What are your favourite names? Laurence and Émile, the names we want to give to our kids. What is your motto? P&I illustration by Anthony Jenkins Pax et Justitia (Peace and Justice).

80—Power & Influence Spring 2016 Y airports are great for the economy: They support over 400,000 jobs

YXE YSJ YFC YTZ YXT YQQ YUL YKA YYC YJT YZF YLW YQR YXY YHZ YCD YSB YVR YHZ YMX YAM YQX YQB YKF YMM YWG YYB YGK YYC YHM YXX YQY YYR YYT YQF YEG YOW YXH YYG YYZ YQM YXE YSJ YFC YLW YQR YXY YHZ YCD YSB YVR YHZ YMX YAM YQX YYJ YXS YDF YEG YLW YXC YQT YXU YQB YKF YMM YYT YQF YEG YOW YXH YYG YYZ YCanada’sQM YXE YSJ YFC Y TZairportsYXT YQQ YUL YKA YYC YJT YZF YLW YQR YXY YYJ YXS YDF YEG YLW YXC YQT YXU YQB YKF YMM YWG YYB YGK YYC YHM YXX YQY YYR YYT YQF YEG YTZ YXT YQQ YUL YKA YYkeepC YJT YZF economiesYLW YQR YXY YHZ YCD growing.YSB YVR YHZ YMX YAM YQX YYJ YXS YDF YWG YYB YGK YYC YHM YXX YQY YYR YYT YQF YEG YOW YXH YYG YYZ YQM YXE YSJ YFC YTZ YXT YQQ YHZ YCD YSB YVR YHZ YMX YAM YQX YYJ YXS YDF YEG YLW YXC YQT YXU YQB YKF YMM YWG YYB YGK YOW YXH YYG YYZ YQM YXE YSJ YFC YTZ YXT YQQ YUL YKA YYC YJT YZF YLW YQR YXY YHZ YCD YSB YEG YLW YXC YQT YXU YQB YKF YMM YWG YYB YGK YYC YHM YXX YQY YYR YYT YQF YEG YOW YXH YYG YUL YKA YYC YJT YZF YLW YQR YXY YHZ YCD YSB YVR YHZ YMX YAM YQX YYJ YXS YDF YEG YLW YXC YYC YHM YXX YQY YYR YYT YQF YEG YOW YXH YYG YYZ YQM YXE YSJ YFC YTZ YXT YQQ YUL YKA YYC YVR YHZ YMX YAM YQX YYJ YXS YDF YEG YLW YXC YQT YXU YQB YKF YMM YWG YYB YGK YYC YHM YXX YYZ YQM YXE YSJ YFC YTZ YXT YQQ YUL YKA YYC YJT YZF YLW YQR YXY YHZ YCD YSB YVR YHZ YMX YQT YXU YQB YKF YMM YWG YYB YGK YYC YHM YXX YQY YYR YYT YQF YEG YOW YXH YYG YYZ YQM YXE YJT YZF YLW YQR YXY YHZ YCD YSB YVR YHZ YMX YAM YQX YYJ YXS YDF YEG YLW YXC YQT YXU YQB YQY YYR YYT YQF YEG YOW YXH YYG YYZ YQM YXE YSJ YFC YTZ YXT YQQ YUL YKA YYC YJT YZF YLW YAM YQX YYJ YXS YDF YEG YLW YXC YQT YXU YQB YKF YMM YWG YYB YGK YYC YHM YXX YQY YYR YYT CANADIANS WANT MORE EFFICIENT CITIES. THE CANADIAN URBAN TRANSIT ASSOCIATION WANTS TO HELP.

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