Migration and Labour Profile of Gogunda Block (Udaipur District, Rajasthan)
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` Migration and Labour Profile of Gogunda Block (Udaipur District, Rajasthan) Shramik Sahayata Evam Sandarbha Kendra (Aajeevika Bureau Block Office) Gogunda September 2008 INTRODUCTION A brief on the District of Udaipur Udaipur is the biggest district of Southern Rajasthan. Southern Rajasthan is almost wholly hilly and is tribal dominant. It is world famous for its mining and marble besides being a big tourist attraction. Despite these attributes, it counts amongst the most backward areas of Rajasthan due to its low literacy level, low level of agricultural production as well as its high tribal concentration. Udaipur borders the districts of Rajasamand and Pali in the north, Dungarpur and Banswara in the South, Chiittorgarh in the east and on the west by Pali and Sirohi districts and Sabarkantha district of Gujarat. The district is divided into seven sub- divisions, ten tehsils and eleven blocks. Its major crops include maize, wheat, barley and jowar. Major minerals produced here include phosphorite, limestone and steatite. Figure 1: Map of Udaipur District in Rajasthan with the block map of Udaipur Udaipur: At a Glance (Source: Census 2001) Total Population 2,633,312 Number of households 507,829 Household size (per household) 5 (Continued below) Sex ratio (females per 1000 males) 9 71 Scheduled Tribe population 1 ,260,432 Percentage to total population 47.86% Largest ST groups include Meena, Bhil and Garasia Scheduled Caste population 158,257 Percentage to total population 6.01% Largest SC groups include Meghwal, Salvi and Chamar Literacy rate Persons 58.62% Males 73.62% Females 43.26% Amenities available in Rural Udaipur (as a percentage of the 2339 total inhabited villages) Safe Drinking Water 99.6% Electricity (Power Supply) 70.4% Electricity (domestic) 26.7% Electricity (Agriculture) 21.0% Primary school 86.7% Secondary/Sr Secondary schools 10.0% Primary Health Centre 3.5% Primary Health Sub-Centre 17.0% Post, telegraph and telephone facility 36.4% Bus services 40.0% Paved approach road 42.5% Mud approach road 71.0% A brief on the Block of Gogunda The Gogunda block of Udaipur is dominated by tribal population and is 35 kms. from the district headquarter. It is situated in the northwest of Udaipur city ( see right-hand side map in figure 1) on the state highway no. 76. Gogunda has a hilly and rocky terrain. Kotra, Jhadol, Badgaon and the Girwa Tehsils of Udaipur; the Kumbhalgarh Tehsil of Rajsamand district and the Sadri Tehsil of Pali district in the northwest direction surround it. There used to be forty panchayats and 128 revenue villages in Gogunda. To this, five panchayats of Kotra were added during reconsolidation, which increased the number of panchayats to forty-five (Panchayat map of Gogunda block in Annexure 2). According to the 2001 Census, total population of Gogunda Tehsil was 1,51,575 and the number of households was 30,133. Out of the total population, 44.66 percent people were in the Schedule Tribe (ST) category and 8.2 percent people in the Schedule Caste (SC) group. Gameti (Bhil) and Garasiya are the main tribes of Gogunda. Meghwal, Mongia and Kathori are the major Schedule Caste groups. Rajput, Jain, Brahmin and Prajapat are the other communities that constitute the population of Gogunda. A brief description of the Household survey by Aajeevika Bureau (AB) According to Aajeevika Bureau, persons for who the primary source of income is through migration and who sell their labour as a means to earn are known as migrant labour. 1 Not just limited to Gogunda, migration has become a regular and dominant source of income for households in South Rajasthan as a whole. This is due to the lack of natural resources, decreasing agriculture productivity and the lack of regular and sufficient employment opportunities at the local level. Aajeevika Bureau periodically carries out a survey of households in different panchayats. The objective of these surveys (referred to as AB survey from here on) is to determine the magnitude and characteristics of migration and labour flows from households in a panchayat. This data is then aggregated across panchayats to arrive at a block profile (See Annexure 3 for the tool used to collect the data). The survey collects information on variables such as number of migrants, their occupation and destination of work for each household apart from information such as other sources of income, caste and total adult population. The data for the survey is collected directly from the people in the various hamlets of the village as well as from the sarpanch and other leaders in the panchayat. The effort is to capture all households in a particular village and the number of households surveyed is crosschecked with the census data for that village in order to ensure full (or almost full) 1 For the purpose of these surveys, members of a family enumerated as local labour are those that do not migrate during the year. Migrants in a family are those that find work outside their own panchayat. Also the term ‘family’ and 'household’ have been used interchangeably in this report. coverage (See Table 1 in Annexure 1). Once the information from the survey is analysed, it is presented to the villagers and a report is also given to the panchayat to inform and engage them on the issue of migration. THE GOGUNDA HOUSEHOLD SURVEY ON MIGRATION AND LABOUR The findings of the Gogunda survey illustrate that the migration from here is both diverse and on a large scale. It covers people of different castes and it takes them to a range of destinations as well as occupations in search of better livelihood opportunities. Scope of the survey Gogunda being the first block where Aajeevika Bureau began its operations, a number of data collection efforts on migration and labour have been made since 2004. Inevitably, Gogunda was where the household level tool (that is now the standard tool used to capture migration and labour profiles for all other blocks) was tested and finalised after iteration (See the this tool in Annexure 3). While more than 50% of the panchayats of Gogunda have been surveyed over the last few years, use of different tools for data collection have limited our present analysis to include only 14 panchayats of the block. The excluded data however has proven to be indispensable in informing our block office (3SK Gogunda) about migration patterns as well as in building a rapport with people at the village level. The survey for 11 of the 14 panchayats (included here) was conducted through 2006 while Padawali Khurd, Padawali Kalan and Madra were covered in 2007. These three are amongst the five panchayats that have recently been added to the administrative block of Gogunda. The data on the panchayats of Madra, Tirol, Nandeshma and Padawali Kalan however, have been excluded from the tables despite the fact that the standard tool on migration was used in them. This is because the households covered by the Aajeevika Bureau survey for these panchayats fall short of the census figures by more than 150 households per panchayat. Trends in these panchayats have been analysed and included later. The Shramik Sahayata Evam Sandarbha Kendra (3SK) which is the block office for Aajeevika Bureau (AB) at Gogunda has been responsible for all the data collection and the survey was carried out by it’s staff, members of Sangam Sansthan (AB’s partner organisation in Gogunda) as well as investigators from the panchayats itself. Findings and Analysis of the survey The ten panchayats of Gogunda that have been included in the present analysis (Annexure 1 contains the tabulation of the data collected) have a total of 7292 households as per AB survey. Census figures state that these panchayats had a to 1 illustrates this for each of the ten panchayats. “Total number of households” refers to the total nu survey and not the census survey. 1200 1000 800 600 400 Chart 1: Number of Households in the survey 200 Number 0of Households tal of 6967 households in 2001. Gundali In all subsequent analysis, the term Doondi mber of households as per AB’s Incidence of Migration at the Panchayat and Sinthegh Houara Padawali Khurd Almost 54% of the total households surveyed had at K rda migrating outside the panchayat in search of work. a migrant households in these 10 panchayats. Kachhwa PanchayatSuwa Namewaton Ka Gurha 2 Bokhara Chart Number of Households Dhol (Census 2001) Paner Number of Households (AB Survey) 1200 Chart 2: Incidence of migration at the Panchayat le 1000 800 600 400 200 Number 0of Households sehold level Gundali Doondi There were a total of 3910 such least one family member Singhara 2 The difference in the total number of households fro panchayats, the number of households in the censusPadawa li Khurd the AB survey that was carried out in 2006-07 (See Karda demographic trends such as population growth and fo marriage. Kachhwa PanchayatSuw awatonName Ka Gurha vel Bokhara Total number of Dhol Households Paner Number of Migrant Households m the two data sources arises as for most data is less than what has been recorded in Chart 1). This can be explained due to rming of new household units after Looking at individual panchayats, one finds that Padawali Khurd has the highest proportion of migrant households at 69% where as Bokhara has the lowest at 34% (See Chart 2). The largest number migrating from a panchayat has been from Karda panchayat where over 1000 people migrate out in search of work. The total number of migrants from these 10 panchayats was 5636. This implies that on an average 500-600 persons were migrating from each panchayat.