Design and Deployment of a Four-Degrees-Of-Freedom Hovering
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Perchlorate and Chlorate Biogeochemistry in Ice-Covered Lakes of the Mcmurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 98 (2012) 19–30 www.elsevier.com/locate/gca Perchlorate and chlorate biogeochemistry in ice-covered lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica W. Andrew Jackson a,⇑, Alfonso F. Davila b,c, Nubia Estrada a, W. Berry Lyons d, John D. Coates e, John C. Priscu f a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA b NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 95136, USA c SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043-5203, USA d Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA e Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA f Department of Land Resources & Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA Received 15 February 2012; accepted in revised form 5 September 2012; available online 19 September 2012 Abstract À À We measured chlorate (ClO3 ) and perchlorate (ClO4 ) concentrations in ice covered lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys À À (MDVs) of Antarctica, to evaluate their role in the ecology and geochemical evolution of the lakes. ClO3 and ClO4 are À À present throughout the MDV Lakes, streams, and other surface water bodies. ClO3 and ClO4 originate in the atmosphere and are transported to the lakes by surface inflow of glacier melt that has been differentially impacted by interaction with soils À À and aeolian matter. Concentrations of ClO3 and ClO4 in the lakes and between lakes vary based on both total evaporative concentration, as well as biological activity within each lake. -
Stone Aerospace Saves 12 Weeks in Cabling Design by Implementing a Digital Design Process
SUCCESS STORY ® Zuken’s software solution for electrical wiring, control systems and fluid engineering. Stone Aerospace saves 12 weeks in cabling design by implementing a digital design process “We achieved substantial productivity gains because engineers had a very clear picture of what one another were doing, and because of the automated checks performed by the software.“ John Harman, Electrical Engineer, Stone Aerospace ZUKEN - The Partner for Success SUCCESS STORY Stone Aerospace saves 12 weeks in cabling design by implementing a digital design process Stone Aerospace faced the pressure of a tight schedule in designing Results a one-of-a-kind underwater autonomous vehicle (AUV) capable • Elimination of $20,000 in cable of traveling 15km under the Antarctic ice shelf. The AUV acts as a rework and expedited delivery costs testing ground to validate an aircraft-mounted radar system that • Design cycle reduction by 12 weeks will be used in a space mission. The time needed to design the wiring • Ability to view the electrical and harness for the AUV was reduced by around 12 weeks and $20,000 physical design of the entire craft in was saved by using E3.series to automate many aspects of the design a single hierarchical view process, while integrating the logical and physical design on a single • E ective design team collaboration platform. created common nomenclature improving quality and cutting errors The search for life in space aspects such as temperature, depth and water current velocities, and to identify • Automated checks ensured correct Scientists believe that underneath the microbiological communities. connector selections. icy surface of Europa, one of Jupiter’s moons, is a vast ocean thought to be the Cable design challenges most likely location for finding life in our solar system. -
Continental Field Manual 3 Field Planning Checklist: All Field Teams Day 1: Arrive at Mcmurdo Station O Arrival Brief; Receive Room Keys and Station Information
PROGRAM INFO USAP Operational Risk Management Consequences Probability none (0) Trivial (1) Minor (2) Major (4) Death (8) Certain (16) 0 16 32 64 128 Probable (8) 0 8 16 32 64 Even Chance (4) 0 4 8 16 32 Possible (2) 0 2 4 8 16 Unlikely (1) 0 1 2 4 8 No Chance 0% 0 0 0 0 0 None No degree of possible harm Incident may take place but injury or illness is not likely or it Trivial will be extremely minor Mild cuts and scrapes, mild contusion, minor burns, minor Minor sprain/strain, etc. Amputation, shock, broken bones, torn ligaments/tendons, Major severe burns, head trauma, etc. Injuries result in death or could result in death if not treated Death in a reasonable time. USAP 6-Step Risk Assessment USAP 6-Step Risk Assessment 1) Goals Define work activities and outcomes. 2) Hazards Identify subjective and objective hazards. Mitigate RISK exposure. Can the probability and 3) Safety Measures consequences be decreased enough to proceed? Develop a plan, establish roles, and use clear 4) Plan communication, be prepared with a backup plan. 5) Execute Reassess throughout activity. 6) Debrief What could be improved for the next time? USAP Continental Field Manual 3 Field Planning Checklist: All Field Teams Day 1: Arrive at McMurdo Station o Arrival brief; receive room keys and station information. PROGRAM INFO o Meet point of contact (POC). o Find dorm room and settle in. o Retrieve bags from Building 140. o Check in with Crary Lab staff between 10 am and 5 pm for building keys and lab or office space (if not provided by POC). -
Development of Nereid-UI: a Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicle for Oceanographic Access Under Ice
Development of Nereid-UI: A Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicle for Oceanographic Access Under Ice Presented at the 9th Annual Polar Technology Conference, 2-4 April 2013 Louis L. Whitcomb1,2,Andrew D. Bowen1, Dana R. Yoerger1, Christopher German1, James C. Kinsey1, Larry Mayer1,3, Michael V. Jakuba1, Daniel Gomez-Ibanez1, Christopher L. Taylor1, Casey Machado1, Jonathan C. Howland1, Carl Kaiser1, Matthew Heintz1 1Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University 3Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, University of New Hampshire Photo courtesy S. McPhail, NOC Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution World’s largest private ocean research institution ~900 Employees, 143 Scientific Staff $160M Annual Budget • Biology • Chemistry • Geology • Physical Oceanography • Engineering • Marine Policy Deep Ocean Oceanography: The D.S.V. Alvin 4500m Submersible Image Credit: Rod Catenach © WHOI Catenach Credit: Rod Image Crew: 3 = 1 pilot + 2 scientist Depth: 4500m (6,500m soon) Endurance: 6-10 Hours Speed: 1 m/s Mass: 7,000 Kg Length: 7.1m Power: 81 KWH Life Support: 72 Hours x 3 Persons Ph.D. Student James Kinsey Dives: >4,700 (since 1964) Passengers: >14,000 (since 1964) Jason II ROV Specifications: Size: 3.2 x 2.4 x 2.2 m Weight 3,300 kg Depth 6,500 m Power 40 kW (50 Hp) Payload: 120 Kg (1.5 Ton) First Dive: 2002 Dives: >600 Dive Time: >12,500 Hours* Bottom Time: >10,600 Hours* Longest Dive: 139 Hours* Deepest Dive: 6,502 m* Distance: >4,800 km* * As of Feb, 2012 Electric thrusters, twin hydraulic manipulator arms. -
Visionary Counting on Unmanned Vehicles
Visionary Counting on Unmanned Vehicles By Rich Tuttle Bill Stone, the founder of Stone Aerospace, has a vision—several visions, in fact—and unmanned vehicles play a part in a number of them. His Austin, Texas-based company developed and built the DEPTHX robot that last May conducted the first comprehensive exploration of the world’s deepest sink hole, El Zacaton in Mexico. It brought back enough data to keep scientists enthralled for some time. An unmanned system based on DEPTHX (DEep Phreatic—meaning underwater cave—THermal eXplorer) will be tested in Antarctica beginning next year to help determine the suitability of such a device to meet, in about 20 years, what’s been called the ultimate robotic challenge: exploring the ice- covered ocean of Europa, a moon of Jupiter. Scientists believe there’s a high probability of detecting the first life off Earth in that remote and ancient sea. That's one vision. The challenges would fill a book: melting through many kilometers of ice just to get to the ocean, for instance. That will be addressed in the Antarctica experiments. But DEPTHX does seem to have demonstrated the possibility of clearing two other key hurdles—surviving in a three-dimensional, unexplored environment without external navigation aids; and carrying out science experiments autonomously. DEPTHX's abilities are two generations beyond those of the Spirit and Opportunity rovers on Mars right now, Stone says in an interview. Every move of the Mars vehicles is based on a carefully prepared script. But, Stone says, “in the case of Europa, it can’t be that way.” The computer brain of a Europa probe would have to be wired to achieve “global” objectives, he says. -
Geometric Control Theory and Its Application To
GEOMETRIC CONTROL THEORY AND ITS APPLICATION TO UNDERWATER VEHICLES A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN OCEAN & RESOURCES ENGINEERING DECEMBER 2008 By Ryan N. Smith Dissertation Committee: Monique Chyba, Chairperson Song K. Choi R. Cengiz Ertekin Geno Pawlak George R. Wilkens We certify that we have read this dissertation and that, in our opinion, it is satisfactory in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ocean & Resources Engineering. DISSERTATION COMMITTEE —————————————— Chairperson —————————————— —————————————— —————————————— —————————————— —————————————— ii c 2008, Ryan Neal Smith. All rights reserved. iii To Neal iv Acknowledgments Of this entire dissertation, this single section has proven to be the most painful and difficult to write. Of course, after committing two-hundred and some odd pages to the discussion of my research over the last five years, I have few words left for the one section that will probably be read the most of any other in this dissertation. Additionally, recounting the memories of all the love and support which I have received from so many people brings tears to my eyes every time I have tried to work on this section. My cup runneth over. I have written this acknowledgments section one hundred forty-three times; yes, I have been counting. I can not simply list every person who has participated in the success of this work, as the list would be longer than the dissertation itself. So, I must restrict myself to acknowledging only those whom have truly made this all possible, and at times, very worthwhile. -
Design and Deployment of a 3D Autonomous Subterranean Submarine Exploration Vehicle
DESIGN AND DEPLOYMENT OF A 3D AUTONOMOUS SUBTERRANEAN SUBMARINE EXPLORATION VEHICLE William C. Stone, Stone Aerospace / PSC, Inc. 3511 Caldwell Lane, Del Valle, TX 78617, Ph: (512) 247-6385, [email protected] ABSTRACT likely include the following components: The NASA Deep Phreatic Thermal Explorer • the parent spacecraft, which will remain in orbit (DEPTHX) project is developing a fully autonomous either about Jupiter or about Europa and which will underwater vehicle intended as a prototype of primarily serve as a data relay back to Earth from the the Europa lander third stage that will search for Lander. microbial life beneath the ice cap of that Jovian • the Lander, which will be a 3-stage device: moon. DEPTHX has two principal objectives: First, to develop and test in an appropriate environment Stage 1: the physical landing system that will contain the ability for an un-tethered robot to explore into propulsion systems, power, and data relay systems to unknown 3D territory, to make a map of what it sees, communicate with the orbiter, and which will control and to use that map to return home; and second, to and carry out the descent and automated landing on demonstrate that science autonomy behaviors can the moon. identify likely zones for the existence of microbial life, to command an autonomous maneuvering Stage 2: the “cryobot” second stage, which will melt platform to move to those locations, conduct localized a hole through up to ten kilometers of ice cap before searches, and to autonomously collect microbial reaching the sub-surface liquid ocean. Although the life in an aqueous environment. -
Early Diverging Lineages Within Cryptomycota and Chytridiomycota Dominate the Fungal Communities in Ice-Covered Lakes of the Mcmurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320986652 Early diverging lineages within Cryptomycota and Chytridiomycota dominate the fungal communities in ice-covered lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica Article in Scientific Reports · November 2017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15598-w CITATIONS READS 2 144 6 authors, including: Keilor Rojas- Jimenez Christian Wurzbacher University of Costa Rica Technische Universität München 28 PUBLICATIONS 289 CITATIONS 59 PUBLICATIONS 398 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Elizabeth Bourne Amy Chiuchiolo Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Montana State University 9 PUBLICATIONS 450 CITATIONS 11 PUBLICATIONS 322 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: MANTEL View project HGT in aquatic ecosystems View project All content following this page was uploaded by Keilor Rojas-Jimenez on 10 November 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Early diverging lineages within Cryptomycota and Chytridiomycota dominate the fungal communities Received: 25 August 2017 Accepted: 30 October 2017 in ice-covered lakes of the McMurdo Published: xx xx xxxx Dry Valleys, Antarctica Keilor Rojas-Jimenez 1,2, Christian Wurzbacher1,3, Elizabeth Charlotte Bourne3,4, Amy Chiuchiolo5, John C. Priscu5 & Hans-Peter Grossart 1,6 Antarctic ice-covered lakes are exceptional sites for studying the ecology of aquatic fungi under conditions of minimal human disturbance. In this study, we explored the diversity and community composition of fungi in fve permanently covered lake basins located in the Taylor and Miers Valleys of Antarctica. -
Nhbs Annual New and Forthcoming Titles Issue: 2003 Complete January 2004 [email protected] +44 (0)1803 865913
nhbs annual new and forthcoming titles Issue: 2003 complete January 2004 [email protected] +44 (0)1803 865913 The NHBS Monthly Catalogue in a complete yearly edition Zoology: Mammals Birds Welcome to the Complete 2003 edition of the NHBS Monthly Catalogue, the ultimate Reptiles & Amphibians buyer's guide to new and forthcoming titles in natural history, conservation and the Fishes environment. With 300-400 new titles sourced every month from publishers and research organisations around the world, the catalogue provides key bibliographic data Invertebrates plus convenient hyperlinks to more complete information and nhbs.com online Palaeontology shopping - an invaluable resource. Each month's catalogue is sent out as an HTML Marine & Freshwater Biology email to registered subscribers (a plain text version is available on request). It is also General Natural History available online, and offered as a PDF download. Regional & Travel Please see our info page for more details, also our standard terms and conditions. Botany & Plant Science Prices are correct at the time of publication, please check www.nhbs.com for the Animal & General Biology latest prices. NHBS Ltd, 2-3 Wills Rd, Totnes, Devon TQ9 5XN, UK Evolutionary Biology Ecology Habitats & Ecosystems Conservation & Biodiversity Environmental Science Physical Sciences Sustainable Development Data Analysis Reference Mammals An Affair with Red Squirrels 58 pages | Col photos | Larks Press David Stapleford Pbk | 2003 | 1904006108 | #143116A | Account of a lifelong passion, of the author's experience of breeding red squirrels, and more £5.00 BUY generally of their struggle for survival since the arrival of their grey .... All About Goats 178 pages | 30 photos | Whittet Lois Hetherington, J Matthews and LF Jenner Hbk | 2002 | 1873580606 | #138085A | A complete guide to keeping goats, including housing, feeding and breeding, rearing young, £15.99 BUY milking, dairy produce and by-products and showing. -
Management Plan for Antarctic Specially Protected Area No 172
Measure 6 (2018) Management Plan for Antarctic Specially Protected Area No 172 Lower Taylor Glacier and Blood Falls, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Victoria Land Introduction Blood Falls is an iron-rich saline discharge located at the terminus of the Taylor Glacier, Taylor Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys. The source of the discharge is believed to be a subglacial extensive brine aquifer located beneath the measureable length (~5 km) of the ablation zone of the Taylor Glacier, estimated to be located between one to six kilometres above Blood Falls. Approximate area and coordinates: sub-surface area 436km2 (centered at 161°40.230'E, 77°50.220'S); sub-aerial area 0.11km2 (centered at the Blood Falls discharge at 162°15.809'E, 77°43.365'). The primary reasons for designation of the Area are its unique physical properties, and the unusual microbial ecology and geochemistry. The Area is an important site for exobiological studies and provides a unique opportunity to sample the subglacial environment without direct contact. The influence of Blood Falls on adjacent Lake Bonney is also of significant scientific interest. Furthermore, the ablation zone of the Taylor Glacier is an important site for paleoclimatic and glaciological research. The lower Taylor Glacier subglacial brine reservoir and Blood Falls are globally unique and a site of outstanding scientific importance. Designation of the Area allows for scientific access to ice deep within Taylor Glacier, provided measures are in place to ensure this does not compromise the Blood Falls reservoir and hydrological system. Under the Environmental Domains Analysis for Antarctica (Resolution 3 (2008)) the Area lies within Environment S – McMurdo – South Victoria Land geologic. -
Inventor Preps Robot to Cut Through Ice on Europa 22 April 2012, by Nancy Owano
Inventor preps robot to cut through ice on Europa 22 April 2012, by Nancy Owano resolve obstacles in the way of studying what may lie beneath Europa's ice. A report in Wired says those obstacles include (1) solar power being unable to work below the surface (2) batteries not lasting long enough (3) too large a footprint of a device and (4) international treaty restrictions that would forbid testing of a nuclear robot. Stone has a 2013-2014 dress rehearsal planned. He intends to test a working cryobot at Alaska's Matanuska Glacier in June next year, where it will attempt to cut through ten to fifty meters of ice. Afterward the cryobot will try to get through 200 meters in Greenland, in fall 2014. Last year, Stone announced that NASA awarded Stone Aerospace four-year, $4M funding to Credit: Stone Aerospace continue development of the Valkyrie project, to design and field-test an autonomous ice penetrating cryobot. Stone, who has a doctorate in structural engineering, is no stranger to such (Phys.org) -- Robots are being developed all the ambitious undertakings. time to do what we wish and to go where we can't. This week, inventor Bill Stone told attendees at Generally, Stone is known for his inventions NASA's Astrobiology Science Conference in designed to enable humans to explore remote Atlanta that he intends to get an autonomous robot environments. He formed Texas-based Stone ready to visit the icebound sea of Jupiter's moon Aerospace to commercialize his systems for Europa, cut through the icy crust, and explore the exploration. -
Geochemical and Isotopic Evidence for the Escape of Ice Sheet Fluids in an East Antarctic Ice Sheet Outlet Glacier, Taylor Valley, Antarctica
Geochemical and isotopic evidence for the escape of ice sheet fluids in an East Antarctic Ice Sheet outlet glacier, Taylor Valley, Antarctica 1 1 1 1 1 Michael G. Scudder , Graham H. Edwards , Gavin G. Piccione , Terrence Blackburn , Slawek Tulaczyk 1Earth & Planetary Science Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA 5 Correspondence to: Michael Scudder ([email protected]) Abstract: The isotopic similarities between fluids beneath the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) and the subglacial discharge found at the snout of Taylor glacier, one of the outlet glaciers located hundreds of kilometers away, implies that subglacial fluids may transit across this incredible distance. Such a model is consistent with the imaging, by airborne transient electromagnetic (ATE), of high salinity fluids at the 10 base of Taylor glacier to at least 5.75 km up-glacier from the snout, where ATE resolution fails (Mikucki et al., 2015). The transit of subglacial discharge could also be detected through the examination of basal ice, which has been hypothesized to form by subglacial freeze on of fluids at the ice-rock interface. We test these ice formation models as well search for direct evidence for the passage of subglacial discharge beneath Taylor glacier through examination of the elemental and U-Series isotopic compositions of basal 15 ice from Taylor Valley and compare with the compositions for regional lakes, streams, bedrock, and subglacial brines. For example, the basal ice from Suess Glacier, an alpine glacier draining a local accumulation zone in the Asgard Mountains, has 234U/238U and major element compositions nearly identical to surface waters and local silicates indicating mechanical entrainment of surface salts into basal ice by a cold-based formation mechanism.