Ark Conservation Needs Assessment, Laos, March 2012 Page 1

Species in the In Situ Conservation Role 35 species

Species for which mitigation of threats in the wild may still bring about their successful conservation.

Protected Species Threat Mitigation Comments Habitat Annandia delacouri Threats are reversible in time frame Unknown Local people collect this species for food (Nguyen Quang Truong). Brachytarsophrys intermedia Threats are reversible in time frame No Cambodia has been removed from the range for this workshop. This species is harvested for food in central (Jodi Rowley, Le Thi Thuy Duong). They are a loud that calls during the day, so they are easily targeted (Jodi Rowley, Le Thi Thuy Duong). Collecting could cause local population declines (Annemarie Ohler, Jodi Rowley, Le Thi Thuy Duong). Laotriton laoensis Threats are reversible in time frame No Paramesotriton laoensis is now Laotriton laoensis (Jodi Rowley, Annemarie Ohler). This is a new genus and it is the only species in the genus (Jodi Rowley). It is harvested for medicine, food, and pet trade, so it is not effectively protected (Phouthone Kingsada). The Laotion government identified it for high level of protection, but did not give a mandate for ex situ breeding (Phouthone Kingsada). It has been bred to F1 in Germany (Thomas Ziegler). The current genetic distinctiveness number for this species is likely an underestimate because it is now the only species in a genus; for this workshop we have inflated the number to reflect a more realistic number (Jodi Rowley).

Nanorana bourreti Threats are reversible in time frame Unknown Local consumption for food (Nguyen Quang Truong). There is a phylogenetic study on the populations of Yunnan, but no published genetic data on the Vietnamese populations. The genetic data were good but many of the specimens were likely misidentified (Jodi Rowley, Nguyen Quang Truong, Annemarie Ohler). Glyphoglossus molossus Threats are reversible in time frame No Large distribution, which is mostly lowland (Jodi Rowley). This species is heavily targeted and over collected for food, especially in Cambodia, Thailand, and Laos (Jeremy Holden, Jodi Rowley). It is an explosive breeder. Recognized as the 'tastiest frog in Cambodia' (Jeremy Holden). This species might be important for education to local communities because it is so explosively breeding, and therefore entire breeding populations can be easily over-harvested (Jeremy Holden). mediolineata Threats are reversible in time frame No This species is heavily harvested for local consumption in Laos (Jodi Rowley). Only one record in Cambodia (Jeremy Holden) and rare in Vietnam (Nguyen Quang Truong). Could be used for education because it is pretty and blows itself up and makes glue, and people could be educated not to eat it. Amphibian Ark Conservation Needs Assessment, Laos, March 2012 Page 2

Protected Species Threat Mitigation Comments Habitat Ophryophryne gerti Threats are reversible in time frame No Hoplobatrachus rugulosus Threats are reversible in time frame No There are very few protected lowland areas, which is the primary habitat for this species (Jodi Rowley, Nguyen Quang Truong, Jeremy Holden, Thomas Ziegler). In addition, the protected areas where it occurs might not be effectively protected because this species is collected by local people for food (Jodi Rowley, Nguyen Quang Truong, Jeremy Holden). The economic importance of this species comes from harvesting for food. have not been bred for conservation, but they may be bred for consumption. They have been bred extensively in Thailand for consumption, but not sure if this is to F1 or F2. May be good for education if coupled with information about declines due to consumption. There is a small protected area in southern Laos in Salavan. Pollution may especially be a problem for eggs and tadpoles in rice paddies (Nguyen Quang Truong). There is a large amount of international trade. Genetic pollution from farming is a possibility as well (Jodi Rowley, Jeremy Holden). Paddy fields being developed may also be a threat (Jeremy Holden). Researchers at this workshop note that they find it rarely in the field (Thomas Ziegler, Jodi Rowley, Katie Holzer). Quasipaa verrucospinosa Threats are reversible in time frame No It occurs in protected areas, but it is targeted by local people for food and is not effectively protected (Nguyen Quang Truong, Jodi Rowley). There is a phylogenetic study, but it is not sufficient. This species belongs to a group of species that are often confused and misidentified. This could be a husbandry analog for other Quasipaa and Nanorana (Thomas Ziegler). Nanorana aenea Threats are reversible in time frame Yes Nanorana fansipani is now Nanorana aenea (Annemarie Ohler). It is in protected areas in Vietnam. This species is known from the type locality, Fan Si Pan Mountain, in northern Vietnam, and also from Pu Hoat, Nghe An Province, also in Vietnam. This species belongs to a group of species that are often confused and misidentified. Microhyla annamensis Threats are reversible in time frame Yes Amolops compotrix Threats are reversible in time frame Yes The tadpoles of all Amolops are potentially interesting for ex-situ conservation education purposes as they have huge suckers and could climb the sides of an aquarium, but they might be difficult to keep in captivity (Jodi Rowley).

Odorrana absita Threats are reversible in time frame No This species is locally collected for food, but not to a large extent (Jodi Rowley).

Odorrana khalam Threats are reversible in time frame No This species is likely to be collected locally for food (Jodi Rowley). In the breeding season the males turn bright yellow and it is a very beautiful species (Jodi Rowley). Odorrana orba Threats are reversible in time frame No Amphibian Ark Conservation Needs Assessment, Laos, March 2012 Page 3

Protected Species Threat Mitigation Comments Habitat Rhacophorus exechopygus Threats are reversible in time frame No Rhacophorus kio Threats are reversible in time frame No It has been bred in Hanoi, but offspring did not survive to adulthood (Thomas Ziegler, Nguyen Quang Truong). It is beautiful, gliding, and foam nest building. This species seems to need the presence of large mammals for wallowing holes for breeding (Jeremy Holden). Limnonectes kuhlii Threats are reversible in time frame No This is a complex group and species names and distinctions may change soon (Nguyen Quang Truong). Based on the current where it is a widespread species it does not require conservation action, but with revision, it is likely to be several species with more limited distributions and higher conservation concern (Jodi Rowley, Nguyen Quang Truong). Collected by local people for food. Odorrana morafkai Threats are reversible in time frame No This species is also found in Cambodia (Jeremy Holden). There is some difficultly with identification in the field (Jodi Rowley). This species is harvested for food, especially females (Jodi Rowley). Pelophylax lateralis Threats are reversible in time frame No This species is heavily harvested for food which is likely to be a significant problem for this species (Jeremy Holden, Annemarie Ohler, Jodi Rowley). Rhacophorus maximus Threats are reversible in time frame No One specimen has been found in Cambodia in the Cardamom Mountains (Jeremy Holden, Nguyen Quang Truong) which may be a different species (Annemarie Ohler). This may be a species complex (Thomas Ziegler, Annemarie Ohler). Local people collect for food (Nguyen Quang Truong). It has been bred to F1 in Hanoi (Thomas Ziegler, Nguyen Quang Truong). Rhacophorus dugritei Threats are reversible in time frame No This is a species complex (Annemarie Ohler). Local people harvest this for food (Nguyen Thien Tao). Odorrana chapaensis Threats are reversible in time frame No Rhacophorus robertingeri Threats are reversible in time frame No R. robertingeri was recently described, having previously been erroneously referred to as R. calcaneus (Jodi Rowley, Nguyen Quang Truong). Not found in Cambodia. It was maintained in captivity in Hanoi (Nguyen Quang Truong). It is a beautiful species. Brachytarsophrys feae Threats are reversible in time frame No Some local people do not eat this frog because they are afraid of poison (Nguyen Quang Truong), but it has been seen being harvested for food (Nguyen Thien Tao). In protected habitat in northern Vietnam. Phylogenetic study has been done, but it is not complete. Ophryophryne pachyproctus Threats are reversible in time frame No Amolops cremnobatus Threats are reversible in time frame Yes The tadpoles of all Amolops are potentially interesting for ex-situ conservation education purposes as they have huge suckers and could climb the sides of an aquarium, but they might be difficult to keep in captivity (Jodi Rowley). Amphibian Ark Conservation Needs Assessment, Laos, March 2012 Page 4

Protected Species Threat Mitigation Comments Habitat Amolops mengyangensis Threats are reversible in time frame No It may be collected for food, but this is unknown (Nguyen Quang Truong, Annemarie Ohler). The tadpoles of all Amolops are potentially interesting for ex- situ conservation education purposes as they have huge suckers and could climb the sides of an aquarium, but they might be difficult to keep in captivity (Jodi Rowley). Hylarana cubitalis Threats are reversible in time frame No This species is not known in Vietnam (Jodi Rowley, Nguyen Quang Truong, Annemarie Ohler). This species might be harvested for food because it is rather large, but this is unknown (Annemarie Ohler). Limnonectes dabanus Threats are reversible in time frame No The species is very sexually dimorphic, which may be interesting for education.

Hylarana attigua Threats are reversible in time frame No Odorrana nasica Threats are reversible in time frame No Odorrana tiannanensis Threats are reversible in time frame No Gracixalus gracilipes Threats are reversible in time frame No This species is very beautiful. Rhacophorus orlovi Threats are reversible in time frame No It is locally abundant, but only found in primary and secondary forest (Nguyen Thien Tao, Nguyen Quang Truong, Jodi Rowley). It has been bred to F1 in Russia (Thomas Ziegler, Nguyen Thien Tao). It is a beautiful species.