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The Chemistry of Rocks in the Wissahickon Valley
The Chemistry of Rocks in the Wissahickon Valley Cristobal Carambo Philadelphia High School for Girls Problem Statement Rationale Proposed Unit of Study Objectives Background Standards Used in the Unit Lesson Plans Appendix Bibliography Problem Statement The majority of my students are sophomores who have had little to no science during their middle school years. This lack of a comprehensive science program in their formative years explains much of their difficulty connecting science to their daily life. This is most evident when I introduce the periodic table of elements and attempt to explain how elements combine to form the many compounds that are necessary in our lives. Although I use many common household chemicals to illustrate the importance of elements and compounds, students still fail to fully appreciate the role that chemistry plays in our understanding of the physical world. I have often attempted to use the chemistry of the rock cycle to connect our class to the real world but many students are unaware of the rock cycle, or have had a cursory general survey of rocks. Understanding the role that elements play in the formation of minerals and how those minerals combine to form the many rock types and materials in our world would create a vibrant connection between the static elements on the periodic table and the world in which we live. In our conversations of the world around us, I have noticed that many of my students have had little or no experiences in natural settings where they could explore and make connections between the concepts learned in the classroom and their environment. -
19-1189 BP PLC V. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore
(Slip Opinion) OCTOBER TERM, 2020 1 Syllabus NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Syllabus BP P. L. C. ET AL. v. MAYOR AND CITY COUNCIL OF BALTIMORE CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT No. 19–1189. Argued January 19, 2021—Decided May 17, 2021 Baltimore’s Mayor and City Council (collectively City) sued various en- ergy companies in Maryland state court alleging that the companies concealed the environmental impacts of the fossil fuels they promoted. The defendant companies removed the case to federal court invoking a number of grounds for federal jurisdiction, including the federal officer removal statute, 28 U. S. C. §1442. The City argued that none of the defendants’ various grounds for removal justified retaining federal ju- risdiction, and the district court agreed, issuing an order remanding the case back to state court. Although an order remanding a case to state court is ordinarily unreviewable on appeal, Congress has deter- mined that appellate review is available for those orders “remanding a case to the State court from which it was removed pursuant to section 1442 or 1443 of [Title 28].” §1447(d). The Fourth Circuit read this provision to authorize appellate review only for the part of a remand order deciding the §1442 or §1443 removal ground. -
Granite Deterioration in the Graveyard of Saint James the Less, Philadelphia
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Theses (Historic Preservation) Graduate Program in Historic Preservation 1990 Granite Deterioration in the Graveyard of Saint James the Less, Philadelphia Kathryn Marit Sather University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses Part of the Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons Sather, Kathryn Marit, "Granite Deterioration in the Graveyard of Saint James the Less, Philadelphia" (1990). Theses (Historic Preservation). 307. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/307 Copyright note: Penn School of Design permits distribution and display of this student work by University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Suggested Citation: Sather, Kathryn Marit (1990). Granite Deterioration in the Graveyard of Saint James the Less, Philadelphia. (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/307 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Granite Deterioration in the Graveyard of Saint James the Less, Philadelphia Disciplines Historic Preservation and Conservation Comments Copyright note: Penn School of Design permits distribution and display of this student work by University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Suggested Citation: Sather, Kathryn Marit (1990). Granite Deterioration in the Graveyard of Saint James the Less, Philadelphia. (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This thesis or dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/307 UNIVERSITVy PENNSYLVANIA. UBKARIES GRANITE DETERIORATION IN THE GRAVEYARD OF SAINT JAMES THE LESS, PHILADELPHIA Kathryn Marit Sather A THESIS in The Graduate Program in Historic Preservation Presented to the faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE 1990 Samuel Y. -
The Story of Cluedo & Clue a “Contemporary” Game for Over 60 Years
The story of Cluedo & Clue A “Contemporary” Game for over 60 Years by Bruce Whitehill The Metro, a free London newspaper, regularly carried a puzzle column called “Enigma.” In 2005, they ran this “What-game-am-I?” riddle: Here’s a game that’s lots of fun, Involving rope, a pipe, a gun, A spanner, knife and candlestick. Accuse a friend and make it stick. The answer was the name of a game that, considering the puzzle’s inclusion in a well- known newspaper, was still very much a part of British popular culture after more than 50 years: “Cluedo,” first published in 1949 in the UK. The game was also published under license to Parker Brothers in the United States the same year, 1949. There it is was known as: Clue What’s in a name? • Cluedo = Clue + Ludo" Ludo is a classic British game -- " a simplified Game of India • Ludo is not played in the U.S. " Instead, Americans play Parcheesi." But “Cluecheesi” doesn’t quite work." So we just stuck with “Clue” I grew up (in New York) playing Clue, and like most other Americans, considered it to be one of America’s classic games. Only decades later did I learn its origin was across the ocean, in Great Britain. Let me take you back to England, 1944. With the Blitz -- the bombing -- and the country emersed in a world war, the people were subject to many hardships, including blackouts and rationing. A forty-one-year-old factory worker in Birmingham was disheartened because the blackouts and the crimp on social activities in England meant he was unable to play his favorite parlor game, called “Murder.” “Murder” was a live-action party game where guests tried to uncover the person in the room who had been secretly assigned the role of murderer. -
Geologic Map of the Piedmont in the Savage and Relay Quadrangles, Howard, Baltimore, and Anne Arundel Counties, Maryland
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Geologic Map of the Piedmont in the Savage and Relay Quadrangles, Howard, Baltimore, and Anne Arundel Counties, Maryland By Avery Ala Drake, Jr.1 Open-File Report 98-757 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 'Reston, VA 1998 GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE PIEDMONT IN THE SAVAGE AND RELAY QUADRANGLES, HOWARD, BALTIMORE, AND ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTIES, MARYLAND by Avery Ala Drake, Jr. INTRODUCTION The Piedmont in the Savage and Relay quadrangles (fig. 1) is largely in Howard County, Maryland. The northeasternmost part is in Baltimore County, Maryland and about 0.03 square miles is in Anne Arundel County. Most of the area is suburban and almost all outcrops are restricted to the Patapsco, Middle Patuxent, Little Patuxent, and other stream valleys. Crystalline rocks of the central Appalachian Piedmont within these quadrangles are overlain in many places by Coastal Plain deposits of Cretaceous age. Alluvium occurs along most streams. The geology of adjacent quadrangles on the west and south has been mapped by Drake (in press, unpublished data, 1991-1997) and J.N. Roen and A.A. Drake, Jr. (in press), and that to the north and east by Crowley (1976). The tectonics of the area were interpreted by Crowley (1976) and Drake (1995). Aeromagnetic and gravity surveys of the area were interpreted by Bromery (1968). -
Gwynns Falls/Leakin Park to Middle Branch Park Hanover Street Bridge
When complete, the 35-mile Baltimore Greenway Trails Network will connect the city’s anchor institutions and destinations with Baltimore’s diverse communities. For more information, go to railstotrails.org/Baltimore. View and download a full map of the trail network route: rtc.li/baltimore_map-footprint. Gwynns Falls/Leakin Park to Middle Branch Park Western Loop Segment This mostly complete section of the loop heads southeast on the Gwynns Falls Trail from Gwynns Falls/Leakin park— one of the largest urban parks/forests in the country—to Middle Branch Park, with a further connection to Cherry Hill Park further south. On its way, it connects a number of historically significant neighborhoods and parks, the oldest railroad trestle in the country, the B&O Museum and roundhouse (the birthplace of the railroad in America), St. Agnes Hospital and many other historical destinations. Hanover Street Bridge to Canton Southern Loop Segment The loop segment extends from Hanover Street Bridge—on the southern side of the Middle Branch of the Patapsco River—north to Port Covington. A large- scale planning and redevelopment project at Port Covington for Under Armour’s world headquarters is Baltimore Department of Recreation and Parks Bike Around Program Photo by Molly Gallant underway, which will include public shoreline access and the connecting of both sides of the river via a disused railroad trestle. The corridor travels through one of the Canton to Herring Run Southeast Loop Segment last undeveloped sections of the Baltimore shoreline, provides great views of the city skyline and passes by This segment of the project involves the transformation many historical sites. -
Special Contract Requirements
E-1 CA FTNP YOSE 500(5) & 918(1) Southside Drive and Bridalveil Parking SPECIAL CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS The following Special Contract Requirements amend and supplement the Standard Specifications for Construction of Roads and Bridges, on Federal Highway Projects (FP-14), U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. E-2 CA FTNP YOSE 500(5) & 918(1) Southside Drive and Bridalveil Parking Section 101. – TERMS, FORMAT, AND DEFINITIONS 101.03 Abbreviations. (a) Acronyms. Add the following: EEBACS — Engineer’s Estimating, Bidding, Award, and Construction System GSA – General Services Administration NPS – National Park Service YNP – Yosemite National Park (b) US Customary abbreviations and symbols. Delete the text and substitute the following: ºF — degrees Fahrenheit temperature A — ampere electric current ac. — acre area BTU — British Thermal Unit energy cu. in. or in3 — cubic inches volume cu. ft., cf, ft3 or CUFT — cubic feet volume cu. yd., cy, yd3 or CUYD — cubic yards volume D — day time deg. or º — degree plane angle Fc — foot-candles luminous intensity fl. oz. — fluid ounces volume ft. or ' — foot or feet length gal. or GAL — gallon volume H — Henry inductance hr. or HR — hour time Hz — hertz (s-1) frequency in. or " inch or inches length K — kelvin temperature lb or LB, lbs — pound, pounds mass Lbf — pound-force force lnft or LNFT linear foot length mi. — miles length min. or m — minute time min. or ' — minute plane angle oz. — ounces mass Psi — pounds/square inch pressure Q — cubic feet/second flow rate sec. or s — second time E-3 CA FTNP YOSE 500(5) & 918(1) Southside Drive and Bridalveil Parking sec. -
2713^7 Contents
MINERALS OF WASHINGTON, D.C. AND VICINITY by Lawrence R. Bernstein U. S. Geo^r^'ce.l Survey OPEN F-'::. r;.".r'0.?;r cer.-..: 2713^7 CONTENTS Introduction 1 Scope of report 4 Mineral collecting 5 Acknowledgments 6 Introduction 6a ITT3 Aclj.il1 -> ! T^______.___~^. -"» _«_____«..«_»«__.. " " .._.«__._.._*_.__._.,_.._.-. _>-.-- -_>-->.-..-. Q Triassic deposits 31 Mineral localities 38 District of Columbia : 38 IMavtrlWlCfci JT XClilUl a Tirl ~ __ ___« - - -_ -»-i-___ .__- _ __- - ________________ m~m~m~ m~ m~ «M » M* **A^J ^ Anne Arundel County 43 Baltimore County 45 Howard County - 74 Montgomery County 88 Prince Georges County 120 Virginia . 129 Arlington County 129 Fairfax County 131 Fauquier County 139 Loudoun County 143 Prince William County 149 Diabase quarries of northern Virginia 155 CAPTIONS Illustrations Plate 1. Mineral localities of Washington, B.C., and vicinity. Plate 2. Generalized geologic map of Washington. D.C. and vicinity, Plate 3. Mineral deposits and generalized geology of the Triassic rocks near Washington, D.C. List of Figures Figure 1. Index map showing region covered in this report. Stfaded area is covered in most detail. Figure 2. Block diagram of the Washington, D.C. region showing physiographic provinces and major geographic and geologic features. ITfgure -3. Coastal Plain deposits of Washington, D.C. and vicinity. Figure 4. Generalized cross section of a typical complex pegmatite of the Washington, D.C. area. Figure 5. Rhythmically.layered gabbro of the Baltimore Gabbro Com plex at Ilchester, Maryland. Figure 6. Triassic diabase dike forming a ridge north of Route 7 near Dranesville, Virginia. -
SP20 Delaware Piedmont Geology
Delaware Piedmont Geology including a guide to the rocks of Red Clay Valley RESEARCH DELAWARE SERVICEGEOLOGICAL SURVEY EXPLORATION Delaware Geological Survey University of Delaware Special Publication No. 20 By Margaret O. Plank and William S. Schenck 106/1500/298/C Delaware Piedmont Geology Including a guide to the rocks of Red Clay Valley Delaware Geological Survey University of Delaware Special Publication No. 20 Margaret O. Plank and William S. Schenck 1998 Contents FOREWORD . v INTRODUCTION . vii Acknowledgments . viii BASIC FACTS ABOUT ROCKS . 1–13 Our Earth . 1 Crust . 1 Mantle . 2 Core. 2 Plate Tectonics . 3 Minerals . 5 Rocks . 6 Igneous Rocks . 6 Sedimentary Rocks. 8 Metamorphic Rocks . 9 Deformation. 11 Time . 12 READING THE ROCKS: A HISTORY OF THE DELAWARE PIEDMONT . 15–29 Geologic Setting . 15 Piedmont . 15 Fall Line. 17 Atlantic Coastal Plain. 17 Rock Units of the Delaware Piedmont . 20 Wilmington Complex . 20 Wissahickon Formation . 21 Setters Formation & Cockeysville Marble . 22 Geologic Map for Reference . 23 Baltimore Gneiss . 24 Deformation in the Delaware Piedmont . 24 The Piedmont and Plate Tectonics . 27 Red Clay Valley: Table of Contents iii A GUIDE TO THE ROCKS ALONG THE TRACK . 31–54 Before We Begin . 31 Geologic Points of Interest . 31 A Southeast of Greenbank . 35 B Workhouse Quarry at Greenbank. 36 C Red Clay Creek and Brandywine Springs Park . 36 D Brandywine Springs to Faulkland Road . 38 E Hercules Golf Course . 39 F Rock Cut at Wooddale . 40 G Wissahickon Formation at Wooddale. 43 H Quarries at Wooddale. 43 I Red Clay Creek Flood Plain . 44 J Mount Cuba . 44 K Mount Cuba Picnic Grove . -
Baltimore Region Rail System Plan Report
Baltimore Region Rail System Plan Report of the Advisory Committee August 2002 Advisory Committee Imagine the possibilities. In September 2001, Maryland Department of Transportation Secretary John D. Porcari appointed 23 a system of fast, convenient and elected, civic, business, transit and community leaders from throughout the Baltimore region to reliable rail lines running throughout serve on The Baltimore Region Rail System Plan Advisory Committee. He asked them to recommend the region, connecting all of life's a Regional Rail System long-term plan and to identify priority projects to begin the Plan's implemen- important activities. tation. This report summarizes the Advisory Committee's work. Imagine being able to go just about everywhere you really need to go…on the train. 21 colleges, 18 hospitals, Co-Chairs 16 museums, 13 malls, 8 theatres, 8 parks, 2 stadiums, and one fabulous Inner Harbor. You name it, you can get there. Fast. Just imagine the possibilities of Red, Mr. John A. Agro, Jr. Ms. Anne S. Perkins Green, Blue, Yellow, Purple, and Orange – six lines, 109 Senior Vice President Former Member We can get there. Together. miles, 122 stations. One great transit system. EarthTech, Inc. Maryland House of Delegates Building a system of rail lines for the Baltimore region will be a challenge; no doubt about it. But look at Members Atlanta, Boston, and just down the parkway in Washington, D.C. They did it. So can we. Mr. Mark Behm The Honorable Mr. Joseph H. Necker, Jr., P.E. Vice President for Finance & Dean L. Johnson Vice President and Director of It won't happen overnight. -
Short Notice to Quarrying Sector
DRAFT REPORT STATE-OF-THE-ART: ORNAMENTAL STONE QUARRYING IN EUROPE Nicos Arvantides Tom Heldal 1 OSNET quarrying sector Nicos Arvantides Institute of Geology and Mineral exploration (IGME) 1. Fragon str. 54626 Thessaloniki Greece [email protected] Tom Heldal Geological Survey of Norway (NGU) N-7491 Trondheim Norway [email protected] Preface This report is an attempt to summarize some characteristics of the ornamental stone quarrying industry throughout Europe and underline some challenges that this sector is facing. Furthermore, it seeks to highlight some of the most important innovative technologies and methods contributing to improve the viability and sustainability of ornamental stone quarrying. In addition to quarrying itself, the report also deals with other important aspects directly relevant to quarrying – such as exploration, some environmental issues, management of deposits and handling and use of waste rock. For other aspects related to the ornamental stone production, including environmental, the work by the other sectors within OSNET is recommended. These are: Processing, Stone characterization, Tools and equipment, Risk assessment, safety and environment and Technology transfer. Ornamental stone quarrying in Europe is characterized by a great variation in traditions, extraction methods and, not at least, rock types. To give a complete picture of everything happening within the sector would demand far more pages and time than available, but we hope that we have not forgotten too much. The members of the OSNET quarrying sector come from Greece, Italy, Portugal, Sweden, Finland and Norway. Clearly, the report will be "coloured" by examples and case studies from these countries, but we hope – and believe - they have a more general validity. -
Cluedoku: Generating and Solving Clue Logic Puzzles
Cluedoku: Generating and Solving Clue Logic Puzzles Todd Neller Monica Ranadive (‘07) History of Clue Invented by Anthony E. Pratt in 1944 Originally “Cluedo” = clue + Ludo (Latin for “I play”, Europe’s Pachisi) Cluedo production delayed to 1948 by post-war shortages Most popular deductive game Clue Game Play Goal: Deduce correct murder suspect, weapon, and room 21 cards: 6 suspects, 6 weapons, 9 rooms One card of each type selected randomly, placed unseen in case file Remaining 18 cards dealt to players (sometimes unevenly) Players assume suspect identities (irrelevant to play) Making Suggestions A player suggests a suspect, weapon, and room. Suggestion put to opponents clockwise until it is disproved by an opponent or all cannot. An opponent that can disprove, must privately reveal a card to the suggester. The suggester may suggest a card the suggester holds. Making Accusations Each player may declare one accusation in the game, checking the case file for correctness. Correct: player wins Incorrect: player loses and continues to disprove suggestions. Child’s Game? I think not! Example: There are six players. Prof. Plum showed you the wrench card. Plum also disproved these suggestions: Miss Scarlet, pipe, kitchen Mrs. Peacock, rope, billiard room Mr. Green, pipe, study What card must Prof. Plum also hold? Creating a ClueReasoner Research expanding on an Artificial Intelligence (AI) assignment How the computer solves deductive logic (search – trial and error) Simulating a Game Boardless Clue Players make suggestions in turn until a player