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Questions to Test Obtained Knowledge Questions to Test Obtained Knowledge Only one answer is correct! 1. Which is the pathway of human infections by Trichomonas vaginalis? (a) Diaplacentally (b) During close contact with cats (c) Taking up cysts orally (d) During sexual intercourse (e) Swallowing water while bathing 2. How to become infected with the agent of Chagas disease Trypanosoma cruzi? (a) Via infected meat (b) Directly by bite of an infected mosquito (c) Directly by bite of an infected bed bug (d) By infectious feces of a triatomine bug (e) By ingestion of cysts 3. How to become infected with Sarcocystis species? (a) By the bite of a mosquito (b) Diaplacentally (c) During sexual intercourse (d) Through close contact to dogs (e) By eating raw meat containing cysts 4. The process of multiplication inside the tissue cysts of Toxoplasma and Sarcocystis are: (a) A special type of sporogony (b) A special type of schizogony, during which numerous schizogonies take place within the cyst (c) A special form of schizogony, during which numerous endodyogonies take place within the cyst (d) A multiplication instead of sporogony immediately starting after the gamogony (e) Part of a gamogony # Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 435 H. Mehlhorn, Human Parasites, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32802-7 436 Questions to Test Obtained Knowledge 5. How to avoid infection of Toxoplasma gondii? (a) Connatally-diaplacentally (b) By taking up meat containing cysts (c) Through close contact with dogs (d) During close contact with cats (e) By oral uptake of sporocysts inside oocysts 6. The so-called cercaria dermatitis is caused by: (a) Purulence of Schistosoma eggs (b) Trichomonas (c) Ancylostoma (d) Penetration of unspecific cercariae of Schistosoma species into the skin (e) Penetration of miracidiae into the skin 7. Which sequence of stages is valid for Schistosoma species? (a) Adult-coracidium-redia-cercaria (b) Adult-miracidium-sporocysts-cercaria (c) Adult-miracidium-sporocysts-redia-cercaria-plerocercoid (d) Adult-miracidium-sporocysts-redia-cercaria (e) Adult-miracidium-sporocysts-cercaria-metacercaria 8. Which of the following statements on Schistosoma species is correct? (a) The female of Schistosoma envelopes the smaller male with its widened side parts. (b) The schistosomula must reach the human blood vessels. (c) The eggs of the schistosomes must be ingested by snails. (d) The redia of Schistosoma species produce cercariae in snails. (e) The schistosomes combine to form pairs in the bladder of the host and lay eggs. 9. A patient suffers from bilharziasis. How was he infected? (a) By taking up worm eggs orally with drinking water (b) By taking up metacercariae orally (c) By taking up cysticerci within raw (mostly minced) pork (d) While bathing in a lake by the active penetration of cercariae into the skin (e) While bathing by the active penetration of miracidia into the skin 10. How does Opisthorchis (¼Clonorchis) sinensis get into the human body? (a) By ingestion of raw (mostly minced) pork (b) By bites of mosquitoes (c) The cercariae penetrate actively into the human skin (d) In the stage of the egg by contaminated drinking water (e) By ingestion of raw meat of fresh water fish 11. How do the eggs of Schistosoma species get into the bladder? (a) Via urethra. (b) They penetrate the bladder wall by the help of their egg sting. (c) Via intestine. (d) The eggs are layed in the bladder. (e) By the help of tissue inflammations, they penetrate through the bladder wall. Questions to Test Obtained Knowledge 437 12. Which combination is correct? (a) Diphyllobothrium-fish-human (b) Taenia saginata-pig-human (c) Hymenolepis-human-bug (d) Dicrocoelium-Cyclops-human (e) Ascaris-dog feces-human 13. Which one of the following statements about tapeworms in humans is wrong? (a) Echinococcus produces cysts in well-vascularized organs. (b) The fish tapeworm can induce pernicious anaemia. (c) A single proglottid can contain more than 50,000 eggs. (d) Fish tapeworms always must occur as pairs as they are viviparous. (e) Proglottids of Taenia saginata can actively leave the human intestine. 14. Which one of the following statements is wrong? Echinococcus granulosus: (a) Does not occur in Europe any more. (b) Infects humans in the egg stage via so-called smear infections. (c) Can develop to cyst larvae but not to mature worms in humans. (d) Occurs as cyst larvae in numerous herbivores. (e) Adult worms constrict motile proglottids at their terminal pole. 15. Which one of the following statements about Taenia saginata is wrong? (a) Taenia worms have no intestine. (b) Proglottids of Taenia can actively leave the human intestine. (c) Taenia worms generally occur solitary in the intestine of their host. (d) Larvae reach the muscles via blood stream. (e) Tapeworms absorb a lot of vitamin B12 in its longitudinal growing zone and thus induces a lack of vitamin B12 in the host. 16. Which one of the following statements about Echinococcus is wrong? (a) Echinococcus, the tapeworm of the dog, has only 3–5 proglottids. (b) The infection of dogs occurs by ingestion of eggs, which must lay outside for at least 10 days, so that the larvae can develop. (c) The worm nearly never occurs solitary. (d) The cysts of this tapeworm can develop in well-vascularized organs of humans. (e) Humans are infected with eggs from dog feces. 17. Which one of the following statements about the biology of Taenia saginata is wrong? (a) Larvae penetrate the human intestine wall. (b) Mature proglottids with their eggs can leave the intestine actively. (c) The elder proglottids copulate with younger ones. (d) Taenia saginata does not possess a crown of hooks at the scolex. (e) Larvae of Taenia saginata are smaller than 10 mm. 18. How do tapeworms take up their food? (a) With the proboscis (b) With its mouth by the help of its surrounding sucker 438 Questions to Test Obtained Knowledge (c) Through the tegument (d) Via phagocytosis of peculiar cells (e) By its ventral mouth 19. Which one of the following statements on trichines is correct? (a) Worms are transmitted from carnivore to carnivore by taking up muscle trichines. (b) Worms are transmitted from herbivore to carnivore by ingesting muscle trichines. (c) Eggs are excreted within the feces of herbivores. (d) Eggs are excreted within the feces of carnivores. (e) The transmission occurs orally by female parasites hatching in the intestine. 20. Which one of the following statements about roundworms is wrong? (a) After eggs are laid in the mesenteria of the intestine or the bladder, they reach the lumen of the intestine or the bladder due to inflammatory processes. (b) Eggs need a time of stay in the open air. (c) Larvae can already slough their skin in the egg shell. (d) Larvae undergo a passage through the portal vein. (e) Muscle cells of the adults form protrusions to the nerves. 21. Which one of the following statements is correct? (a) Ascaris larvae penetrate the skin of human hosts. (b) Infection with Enterobius (Oxyuris) vermicularis can be induced either by taking up eggs orally or by invasion of larvae into the anus and colon. (c) All female filariae try to leave the human skin in order to lay their eggs into the water. (d) Humans are infected by Ancylostoma by ingestion of eggs. (e) Infections with nematodes happen only by eating contaminated food with eggs. 22. The infection with hookworms occurs: (a) Through penetration of cercariae into the skin while bathing (b) During the bite of blackflies (c) By ingestion of fertile eggs with the food (d) By ingestion of raw meat (e) By active penetration of filariform larvae 23. Which of the following statements on Trichinella spiralis is correct? (a) Fertile adult stages of T. spiralis can only be found in humans. (b) Young trichines reach the human blood via lymph vessels of the intestine. (c) T. spiralis lays its eggs into the intestine mucosa of humans. (d) Humans are infected with T. spiralis by the ingestion of raw beef. (e) Cattle is infected with T. spiralis by contaminated plant food. 24. The infection of cattle with T. spiralis occurs: (a) Not at all (b) By uptake of worm eggs within contaminated food (c) Via mosquito bites Questions to Test Obtained Knowledge 439 (d) By ingestion of metacercariae at the tip of grass blades (e) By viviparous larvae, which penetrate into the skin 25. Acanthocephalans are: (a) Worms without intestine (b) Ectoparasites of amphibians (c) A special group of trematodes, the so-called monogeneans (d) Cestodes, belonging to the group of Caryophyllidea (e) Blood-sucking nematodes 26. Elephantiasis is induced by: (a) Wuchereria bancrofti (b) Loa loa (c) Dracunculus medinensis (d) Leishmania (e) Furunculosa vitiosa 27. The agents of the plague are transmitted by: (a) Bites of ticks (b) Feces of lice (c) Bites of the rat flea (d) Bites of ants (e) Feces of sand fleas 28. Which of the following statements is correct? (a) Lice can only survive with symbionts, which therefore have to be trans- ferred into the eggs by the female louse. (b) The trichobothria of the pygidial plate of fleas are used for the perception of attractants being excreted by the host. (c) In case of the mosquitoes, the first maxilla forms a saliva channel and the second maxilla is the tube for blood sucking. (d) The females of the mosquitoes have no wings. (e) Body lice transmit the agents of spotted fever exclusively while sucking blood. 29. Which agents of disease are not transferred during blood sucking? (a) The pathogens of the Chagas disease by bed bugs (b) Microfilariae by tabanids or mosquitoes (c) Agents of encephalitis by ticks (d) Rickettsiae by ticks (e) Agents of plaque by fleas 30.
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