INCREASING WIRELESS LAN CAPACITY: UNDERSTANDING YOUR OPTIONS WLAN CAPACITY 2 New WLAN Standards Promise Faster Data, Higher User Capacity

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1 EDITOR’S NOTE Increasing Wireless 2 LAN Capacity: WLAN CAPACITY Understanding Your Options 3 802.11AD Learn how to increase capacity in your enterprise wireless LAN with 802.11ac and STANDARD explore the uses of 60 GHz wireless technology in the upcoming 802.11ad standard. 4 WLAN PERFORMANCE EDITOR’S NOTE 1 Overcoming WLAN Capacity Challenges

The explosion of mobile devices, coupled But speed is only part of the equation. What Home with the growing demand by users for band- 802.11ad really offers is options that give IT width-hungry applications such as HD video, managers greater choice in how they manage Editor’s Note has placed IT managers in a bind. super users and complex applications. Fortunately, help is on the way, in the form That’s latitude managers need as they wrestle WLAN Capacity of new wireless standards that promise much with the challenges of overseeing their WLAN faster throughput and much higher capacity. infrastructures. As demand for video and other 802.11ad Standard The first bit of relief is the rollout of bandwidth-intensive applications grows, IT 802.11ac-compatible devices. Network access managers need a new set of tools to address WLAN points and controllers supporting this stan- their mobile distribution requirements. Performance dard are already available, and smartphones and This handbook provides a detailed examina- tablets capable of transmitting and receiving tion into the next generation of wireless stan- at Gigabit Wi-Fi speeds are now entering the dards and discusses some of the challenges marketplace. Sending data faster requires less IT managers face today with mobile network airtime, which increases the maximum number management. With tablets and smartphones of users per access point. getting more powerful and even more ubiqui- By the end of next year, it’s possible Gigabit tous, crafting a comprehensive WLAN strategy wireless speed will be the foundation and not is more important than ever. n the ceiling. With 802.11ad, wireless throughput soars to 7 Gbps, more than enough to sup- Chuck Moozakis port most bandwidth-intensive applications. Site Editor, Networking Media Group

2 INCREASING WIRELESS LAN CAPACITY: UNDERSTANDING YOUR OPTIONS WLAN CAPACITY 2 New WLAN Standards Promise Faster Data, Higher User Capacity

Many enterprise wireless LANs are vic- Wi-Fi certified ac products use faster data Home tims of their own success, challenged to serve rates, more tightly packed transmissions, a skyrocketing population of wireless devices cleaner 5 GHz channels and wider channels Editor’s Note and bandwidth-thirsty applications. To meet to support very high throughput applications escalating demand, WLAN administrators can such as HD video. Specifically, enterprises can WLAN Capacity take a two-prong approach: more efficiently obtain the following improvements by migrat- use existing channels and tap new frequen- ing to 802.11ac: 802.11ad Standard cies to offload bandwidth hogs. Together, these strategies offer hope to enterprises already ap- n Speed: 802.11n data rates top out at 450 WLAN proaching the limits of 802.11n. Mbps to 600 Mbps, using three to four spa- Performance tial streams to deliver traffic. The first wave of 802.11ac products uses the same spatial INCREASING WLAN CAPACITY streams to reach speeds up to 1.3 Gbps. By late WITH DRAFT 802.11AC 2014, the next wave of 802.11ac products will The most immediate step enterprises can take top out at 6.93 Gbps. But real-world results to boost WLAN capacity is to migrate exist- still depend on client capability and distance. ing access points (APs) to 802.11ac. Commonly For example, a single-stream smartphone that known as Gigabit Wi-Fi, the draft 802.11ac transmits at 150 Mbps with 802.11n can be ex- standard further refines advances introduced pected to hit 433 Mbps with 802.11ac. Because by 802.11n, combining them to significantly sending data faster requires one-third as much boost total WLAN capacity. airtime, 802.11ac may permit administrators to

3 INCREASING WIRELESS LAN CAPACITY: UNDERSTANDING YOUR OPTIONS WLAN CAPACITY 2 see a corresponding increase in the maximum n Wider Channels: 802.11n doubled through- number of users per AP. put by combining two 20 MHz-wide channels into one 40 MHz-wide channel. The first wave n Spectral Efficiency: Both 802.11n and 802.11ac of 802.11ac products repeats this by adding use quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) 80 MHz-wide channels; next year’s second to send data, but 802.11ac can pack four times wave will add 160 MHz-wide channels. Fat- Home as much data into each transmission. Unfor- ter channels do not increase available spec- tunately, 256-QAM only works over short dis- trum—the 5 GHz band is roughly 1 GHz wide, Editor’s Note tances and thus will only quadruple capacity no matter how it’s divvied into channels. But for clients within about 20 feet. doublewide channels give high-throughput ap- WLAN Capacity plications their own express lane in which to n 5 GHz Only: Unlike 802.11n, which oper- move faster, without being impeded by or sap- 802.11ad Standard ates over channels chosen from both the noisy ping bandwidth from slower, latency-sensitive crowded 2.4 GHz band and the less-congested applications. WLAN 5 GHz band, 802.11ac serves clients in the 5 For these reasons, enterprises replacing older Performance GHz band only. Due to reduced interference at 802.11a/g or 802.11n APs with Wi-Fi certified 5 GHz and related radio frequency engineering ac APs are likely to see an immediate increase advances, 802.11ac devices are likely to experi- in WLAN capacity, especially when used by ence a better rate over range than their 802.11n newer smartphones, tablets and notebooks now counterparts, again increasing total WLAN shipping with 802.11ac. Legacy clients won’t capacity. reap all of the standard’s benefits but may still

Enterprises replacing older 802.11a/g or 802.11n APs with Wi-Fi certified ac APs are likely to see an immediate increase in WLAN capacity.

4 INCREASING WIRELESS LAN CAPACITY: UNDERSTANDING YOUR OPTIONS WLAN CAPACITY 2 see some improvement, enabling administra- uses to reach data rates up to 7 Gbps. However, tors to increase the total number of devices 802.11ad works its magic over a completely each WLAN can support. When the second different set of channels, thereby increasing wave of 802.11ac products emerge in late 2014, the total spectrum available for WLAN use by multi-user multiple-input multiple-output nearly an order of magnitude. will let each AP converse simultaneously with Home up to four clients, further boosting WLAN capacity. Enterprises will soon be able to slake Editor’s Note escalating bandwidth thirst by using 802.11ad to relocate bandwidth hogs WLAN Capacity ADDING MORE WLAN CAPACITY WITH 802.11AD onto unused 60 GHz channels. Migrating existing WLANs to 802.11ac benefits 802.11ad Standard all Wi-Fi devices and applications. However, certain devices and applications—most notably That said, the 60 GHz channels that 802.11ad WLAN tablets and video—are very demanding, guz- uses are far more limited in range and penetrat- Performance zling limited shared bandwidth. While Quality- ing power. But its properties make 802.11ad of-Service methods like Wi-Fi Multimedia suited for very high throughput communica- help to prioritize traffic and avoid starvation, tion between nearby devices, preferably in the all 802.11ac devices ultimately compete for the same room. Enterprise WLAN administrators same finite patch of 5 GHz channels. may therefore use 802.11ad to expand capac- Fortunately, enterprises will soon be able ity by offloading devices and applications that to slake escalating bandwidth thirst by using thrive under such conditions. Examples include 802.11ad to relocate bandwidth hogs onto un- HD video transmission to wall-mounted wire- used 60 GHz channels. The emerging 802.11ad less displays and sustained communication standard—commonly called WiGig—leverages between desktop-replacement tablets and ex- many of the same technologies that 802.11ac ternal monitors.

5 INCREASING WIRELESS LAN CAPACITY: UNDERSTANDING YOUR OPTIONS WLAN CAPACITY 2 PLANNING FOR CAPACITY increasingly consumed 802.11ac APs. Wi-Fi certified ad products are expected to Ultimately, combining 802.11ac and 802.11ad become available in early 2014. At that point, is like repaving a highway while adding lanes— a growing number of devices will support both both strategies make it possible for more ve- 802.11ac and 802.11ad, enabling both short- hicles to move faster, increasing total capacity. distance and long-distance high-throughput Together, these two standards can help enter- Home communication. Enterprise administrators prise WLAN administrators design and deploy should therefore start thinking about how and new and upgraded networks that deliver sig- Editor’s Note where to best use 802.11ad in the workplace— nificantly higher data rates and amplified user for example, to offload edge-video traffic from density. —Lisa Phifer WLAN Capacity

802.11ad Standard

WLAN Performance

6 INCREASING WIRELESS LAN CAPACITY: UNDERSTANDING YOUR OPTIONS 802.11ad STANDARD 3 The 802.11ad Wireless Standard Offers Benefits and Challenges

While many enterprises are knee-deep likely to bring the technology mainstream for Home in 802.11n wireless migration, and some are both consumers and the enterprise. even eyeing 802.11ac with its 1.3 Gbps of Editor’s Note throughput, another higher throughput wireless standard is on the horizon—802.11ad giga- 802.11AD IS SUPER-FAST, WLAN Capacity bit wireless. BUT THERE’S A CATCH Though the technology has its challenges, it The 802.11ad standard is known for its 7 Gbps 802.11ad Standard could supplement existing wireless networks, of throughput, but raw specifications tell only better enabling large-scale BYOD connectivity part of the story. WLAN and high-speed video delivery. The standard operates in 60-GHz bands, dif- Performance 802.11ad was originally developed by the fering from 802.11n, which works in both the Wireless Gigabit Alliance, which has since 2.4 and 5 GHz bands, and 802.11ac, which runs merged with the Wi-Fi Alliance, the organiza- in the 5 GHz band. Like 2.4 and 5 GHz, the tion responsible for developing every major 60-GHz bands are unlicensed in most parts of Wi-Fi standard, including 802.11b, g, a, n, and the world, but the frequency trumps the other ac. Now the Wi-Fi Alliance is set to release an bands, offering between seven and nine GHz of 802.11ad specification in early 2014, which is spectrum, as compared to 84 MHz at 2.4 and

The 802.11ad standard is known for its 7 Gbps of throughput, but raw specifications tell only part of the story.

7 INCREASING WIRELESS LAN CAPACITY: UNDERSTANDING YOUR OPTIONS 802.11ad STANDARD 3 about one GHz at 5. these problems is influenced by a number of Yet, the 60 GHz spectrum is also known factors, including the distance between end- as the “oxygen absorption band.” That means points, building construction (super dense radio waves at those frequencies are actually concrete walls will always be an issue) and the degraded by the presence of oxygen in the air. type of antennas applied. For this reason, until recently 60 GHz was con- Antennas play a critical role in all wireless Home sidered only appropriate for point-to-point, network performance, but even more so in the outdoor applications using highly-directional case of 60 GHz, where the inherent direction- Editor’s Note antennas (wireless links between two networks, ality of the radio waves can be challenging. for example). It could also be used in outer WLAN Capacity space for inter-satellite communications where oxygen is obviously not a problem, or for in- Higher power transmission 802.11ad Standard door short-range applications, such as linking enables more range even though device docks with wireless interconnects. the air at those frequencies WLAN As it turns out, though, the degradation absorbs some of that power. Performance caused by oxygen really isn’t all that bad and most regulators around the globe allow fairly high-power transmissions and antenna gains at Nonetheless, there’s a good deal of technology 60 GHz, at least partially compensating for the that can be thrown at the propagation prob- behavior of the air. Higher power transmission lem to improve performance in all dimensions, enables more range even though the air at those including range, throughput, reliability and frequencies absorbs some of that power. The capacity. One of these technologies is comple- concept is similar to speaking louder at noisy mentary metal-oxide-semiconductor chips, cocktail parties to get your message heard. which are less expensive than other silicon However, a bigger challenge for 60 GHz chips and reduce concerns about range perfor- systems is going through walls. The extent of mance and reliability by better using spectrum.

8 INCREASING WIRELESS LAN CAPACITY: UNDERSTANDING YOUR OPTIONS 802.11ad STANDARD 3 DO WE NEED 7 GBPS OF THROUGHPUT? power users, such as universities that must Considering that 802.11ac already offers such serve tens of thousands of users that each high throughput, do we really need 802.11ad? bring multiple devices. After all, what enterprise applications really The basic proposition is that the faster any require throughput on the order of 7 Gbps? given user gets his or her bits reliably on and It’s generally wrong to think in terms of off the air, the more capacity is left for every- Home throughput alone because capacity is just as one else—and 7 Gbps enables a lot of capacity. important. In this case, capacity refers to the What’s more, in the open-office environ- Editor’s Note ability of networks to meet the growing traf- ments typical today, the propagation of 60- fic requirements of certain sets of super users. WLAN Capacity Technology based on the 802.11ad standard can supplement existing wireless networks, giving The BYOD phenomenon is driving 802.11ad Standard network managers the ability to offload heavy demand for enterprise network demands on 2.4 and 5 GHz. That’s where large- connectivity, much of which depends WLAN scale BYOD connectivity and high-speed video on wireless LAN capacity. Performance come in.

GHz signals shouldn’t be an issue. In fact, the WILL 802.11AD CHANGE THE relatively limited range of 60 GHz enhances BYOD CONNECTIVITY GAME? frequency reuse (using the same spectrum in The BYOD phenomenon is driving demand multiple locations simultaneously without for enterprise network connectivity, much mutual interference). This might even augment of which depends on wireless LAN capacity. overall wireless security because eavesdroppers Given the limited number of channels available outside a given installation will have a much to Wi-Fi systems today, access to lots more more difficult time grabbing 60 GHz signals. spectrum is more than enticing, especially for However, in the short term, 80211.ad can’t be

9 INCREASING WIRELESS LAN CAPACITY: UNDERSTANDING YOUR OPTIONS 802.11ad STANDARD 3 used for BYOD because it’s not natively sup- provides so much capacity. ported in most user devices. For now, 802.11ad For most video, network managers plan on could be used as a notebook tool with add-on about 20 Mbps per video stream for reasonable adapters (although some laptops have it built- frame rates, resolution and overall quality. But in). As the technology moves into the main- 60 GHz can be immediately useful in HDMI stream, more supportive devices will emerge. video links, which require about 3.3 Gbps for Home uncompressed transmission. While this is more of a residential application, eventually it Editor’s Note USING 802.11AD FOR HIGH will move into the enterprise and 802.11ad will DEFINITION, STREAMING VIDEO become necessary. WLAN Capacity Streaming video consumes more bandwidth To be sure, 802.11ad technology is nascent than almost any other application in the enter- and many parts of the market won’t need it 802.11ad Standard prise, so it could play a role in pushing 802.11ad for a long time. Yet consumption will increase, uptake. As the use of video grows, network and in the meantime engineers will continue WLAN managers will need to offload this traffic from to tackle the technical challenges of this super Performance networks to leave room for more general traf- high-throughput gigabit wireless. fic, and 802.11ad is an obvious choice because it —Craig J. Mathias

10 INCREASING WIRELESS LAN CAPACITY: UNDERSTANDING YOUR OPTIONS WLAN PERFORMANCE 4 Maintain WLAN Performance Amidst Video Traffic Upsurge

Mobile video streaming is the stuff “If you’re doing a poor job of designing the Home of nightmares for WLAN managers. It is ex- network and are not following best practices, tremely sensitive to poor WLAN performance, you have two problems coming at you: the Editor’s Note and it voraciously consumes bandwidth. Worse, increase in the number of mobile devices and it never stops growing. video. It’s going to be a perfect storm,” said WLAN Capacity “The last time I had a chance to look, You- Paul DeBeasi, research vice president with Tube accounted for 20% of the traffic on our Stamford, Conn.-based Gartner Inc. 802.11ad Standard network, which is pretty significant given that everything else is in the single-digit range,” said WLAN John Turner, director of networks and systems PREPARING WLAN PERFORMANCE Performance for Brandeis University in Waltham, Mass. FOR MOBILE VIDEO STREAMING And that wireless video explosion is not just Enterprises should follow three basic steps recreational; it’s also due to enterprise collabo- when preparing for video, according to De- ration and other business processes. Beasi. First, network engineers must perform According to Cisco Systems’ Visual Net- site surveys in their wireless environments to working Index, video now accounts for more determine how radio frequency (RF) signals will than 50% of total mobile traffic, and it will ex- fare in the physical space. Next, they should ceed 70% by 2016. Mobile service providers are design networks not just for coverage but also feeling the pain today, but enterprises will feel for WLAN performance. In some cases, this the pain tomorrow. Much of this mobile video means deployment of many more access points will hit enterprise WLAN performance hard. (APs) to handle high density. Finally, they

11 INCREASING WIRELESS LAN CAPACITY: UNDERSTANDING YOUR OPTIONS WLAN PERFORMANCE 4 should have RF management tools in place, as of Skype and we’re starting to use WebEx and well as monitoring technology that can see into other alternatives. This creates a new and sig- video streams. nificant aggregate increase of network traffic, and that is increasingly on our wireless network.” TACKLING VIDEO TRAFFIC DENSITY Likewise, Brandeis University rolled out a Home FOR WLAN PERFORMANCE new Aruba Networks wireless LAN in 2012 to Many existing wireless LANs were built for replace a legacy 802.11a/b/g network that “ran Editor’s Note coverage and convenience, but not for the den- like a champ” but ultimately became over- sity needed to deliver heavy-duty media ap- whelmed by video and mobile traffic. WLAN Capacity plications. For many organizations, delivery of “We don’t hear specific complaints from stu- this rich media will require a new AP-heavy dents,” Turner said. “They’re not going to say 802.11ad Standard wireless LAN. that your [AP] is performing sub-optimally. The Perimeter Institute for Theoretical They just say the Internet sucks. They mean WLAN Physics recently upgraded to a new 802.11n- that they can’t get to YouTube or can’t upload Performance based wireless LAN from HP Networking. CIO video at the rate they want to. We see that as a Ben Davies doubled the density of APs from key piece of the expectation that people put on his legacy wireless LAN to accommodate the our network.” growth of mobility, particularly the growth of Turner planned for video by “building it big.” video, because researchers use services like The school followed best practices for design- iTunes University to communicate and collab- ing a voice-grade network, and he paid careful orate with physicists around the world. He has attention to the amount of density he built into 130 APs supporting about 250 physicists. the network. “We’ve been actively promoting video and “We’ve learned some other pieces, too. We Web conferencing on laptops with built-in need to think very carefully about how we cameras,” Davies said. “We’re also heavy users deploy QoS [Quality of Service]. We’ve also

12 INCREASING WIRELESS LAN CAPACITY: UNDERSTANDING YOUR OPTIONS WLAN PERFORMANCE 4 looked at trying to disable lower data rates, to coverage from another access point as we’re encourage more rapid roams to boost perfor- moving those around.” mance as people download and watch video on the wireless side without affecting the people around them.” TESTING WLAN PERFORMANCE YES Prep Public Schools in Houston, Texas, FOR MOBILE VIDEO STREAMING Home had a similar challenge. Using Aruba equip- St. Vrain Valley School District in Longmont, ment, the school system has built a wireless Colo., upgraded to an 802.11n-based wireless Editor’s Note LAN that is handling 90% of its voice and LAN from Ruckus Wireless due in part to the video traffic. rise of video traffic on its legacy wireless net- WLAN Capacity “We’re a full [Microsoft] Lync shop with work. Before making that decision, CIO Joe no PBX integration. We take full advantage of McBride’s shop conducted testing that simu- 802.11ad Standard voice calling, desktop sharing, video conferenc- lated the kind of intensity only lots of mobile ing and audition conferencing,” said Troy Neal, video streaming can bring to a network. WLAN director of information technology and support “We had 30 different Mac laptops stream- Performance services for Yes Prep. ing video simultaneously off an access point,” Beyond deploying 48 APs to every school, McBride said. “Then we went into an adjacent Neal also installed APs on the carts that carry classroom and booted up 30 Dell PCs that laptops from classroom to classroom. “We also streamed video. At that point we had 60 know that access point will handle that cart of different videos playing, and we found that machines, and we know we’re not taking away we weren’t breaking it. Then we grabbed our

St. Vrain Valley School District upgraded to an 802.11n-based wireless LAN due in part to the rise of video traffic on its legacy wireless network.

13 INCREASING WIRELESS LAN CAPACITY: UNDERSTANDING YOUR OPTIONS WLAN PERFORMANCE 4 iPhones and iPads to see if we could. We had 78 unit. Implementation of the fast-roaming stan- devices running video off one AP.” dard 802.11R is essential. McBride planned for a minimum of 30 de- Network managers should also consider band vices streaming video in every classroom with steering, since RF is a shared medium with fi- enough overlapping coverage that if one AP nite capacity, said Roger Sands, HP’s worldwide went down, another one could reach in and ser- director of product management for mobility. Home vice the room without interruption. To do that, “What’s important is being able to migrate McBride has deployed more than 1,000 APs to networks from the traditional 2.4 GHz spec- Editor’s Note support 27,500 students and 4,200 staff across trum to the 5 GHz spectrum, because there is a 52 sites. He’s also relying on Ruckus’ wireless lot more capacity in 5 GHz,” Sands said. WLAN Capacity beamforming capabilities, which enable APs to Then there is RF management, which is cru- select the best path to trade RF signals with a cial, because there are still a lot of devices that 802.11ad Standard client to extend coverage. only operate in the 2.4 GHz spectrum, said Hajela. WLAN Almost every WLAN vendor offers some Performance ENSURING WIRELESS VIDEO PERFORMANCE flavor of RF management. Cisco’s CleanAir Once an enterprise has a good network design technology, for instance, performs spectrum in place, the IT organization must configure, analysis to adjust the network for sources of manage and monitor the network to make sure interference. mobile video is delivered optimally. First, engineers should test for seamless roaming. Because users often move as they’re TROUBLESHOOTING WLAN PERFORMANCE using video, handoff from one AP to another Choosing the right wireless troubleshooting can break a video session if not optimized, said tools is also key to delivering video, according Sujai Hajela, vice president and general man- to Abby Hassel Strong, senior product market- ager of Cisco’s wireless networking business ing manager at Aerohive Networks.

14 INCREASING WIRELESS LAN CAPACITY: UNDERSTANDING YOUR OPTIONS WLAN PERFORMANCE 4 “We’re seeing it now with VoIP and I think “The reason we’re introducing a new moni- the same thing is going to happen with video,” toring tool this year is to start tracing patterns Hassel said. “Giving the administrator the abil- to determine if and when we need to do traf- ity to see what is happening to troubleshoot fic segmentation and how we might prioritize will become essential. They need to be able to various traffic routes,” Davies said. see how many voice and video sessions are on In the meantime, he’s trying to throttle down Home the growth of video traffic on his wireless local area network at the perimeter of his network. Editor’s Note Choosing the right wireless troubleshooting tools is also “There are some sources of Web traffic, particularly video traffic, that start to raise WLAN Capacity key to delivering video. policy questions,” he said. “Occasionally people are viewing content that we wouldn’t really 802.11ad Standard their network, the service type, the device and support. In those cases we handle that at our where that service is coming from. [Otherwise] enterprise perimeter. Last year we imple- WLAN there is no way to scale going out to every loca- mented Palo Alto firewalls to have visibility Performance tion when someone calls and says, ‘My video is on users and content and applications. We choppy.’” can start putting enterprise-wide policies in At the Perimeter Institute, Davies will begin place to restrict certain types of traffic and assembling a shortlist of vendors that can pro- then provide exceptions where there is justifi- vide these kinds of visibility tools. cation for it.” —Shamus McGillicuddy

15 INCREASING WIRELESS LAN CAPACITY: UNDERSTANDING YOUR OPTIONS ABOUT THE AUTHORS LISA PHIFER owns Core Competence Inc., a consulting firm specializing in business use of emerging Internet technologies. She has been involved in the design, implementation and evaluation of networking, security and management products for nearly 30 years. She is a recognized industry expert on wireless security, mobile device Increasing Wireless LAN Capacity: Home security and VPNs. Understanding Your Options is a SearchNetworking.com e-publication. Kate Gerwig | Editorial Director Editor’s Note CRAIG J. MATHIAS is a principal with Farpoint Group, an advisory firm specializing in wireless networking and Kara Gattine | Senior Managing Editor WLAN Capacity mobile computing. Founded in 1991, Farpoint Group Rivka Gewirtz Little | Executive Editor works with technology developers, manufacturers, carri- Shamus McGillicuddy | News Director 802.11ad ers and operators, enterprises, and the financial commu- Chuck Moozakis | Site Editor Standard nity. Mathias is an internationally recognized industry Rachel Shuster | Associate Managing Editor and technology analyst, consultant, conference speaker, Linda Koury | Director of Online Design WLAN author, columnist and blogger. Performance Neva Maniscalco | Graphic Designer Doug Olender | Vice President/Group Publisher is the director of news and fea- SHAMUS MCGILLICUDDY [email protected] tures for TechTarget Networking Media. He writes about networking, security, data centers, network man- TechTarget 275 Grove Street, Newton, MA 02466 agement and other topics for SearchNetworking.com. www.techtarget.com

He also manages overall news coverage for TechTarget’s © 2013 TechTarget Inc. No part of this publication may be transmitted or re- produced in any form or by any means without written permission from the other networking sites, including SearchUnifiedCommu- publisher. TechTarget reprints are available through The YGS Group. nications.com, SearchEnterpriseWAN.com and Search About TechTarget: TechTarget publishes media for information technology professionals. More than 100 focused websites enable quick access to a deep CloudProvider.com. store of news, advice and analysis about the technologies, products and processes crucial to your job. Our live and virtual events give you direct access to independent expert commentary and advice. At IT Knowledge Exchange, our social community, you can get advice and share solutions with peers and experts.

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