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European Journal of Homelessness European Observatory on Homelessness European Observatory on Homelessness European Journal European Journal of Homelessness Homelessness of Homelessness The European Journal of Homelessness provides a critical analysis of policy and practice on homelessness in Europe for policy makers, practitioners, researchers and academics. The aim is to stimulate debate on homelessness and housing exclusion at the Journalof European level and to facilitate the development of a stronger evidential base for policy development and innovation. The journal seeks to give international exposure to significant national, regional and local developments and to provide a forum for comparative analysis of policy and practice in preventing and tackling home- lessness in Europe. The journal will also assess the lessons for European Europe which can be derived from policy, practice and research from elsewhere. European Journal of Homelessness is published twice a year by FEANTSA, the European Federation of National Organisations working with the Homeless. An electronic version can be down- loaded from FEANTSA’s website www.feantsaresearch.org. FEANTSA works with the European Commission, the contracting authority for the four-year partnership agreement under which this publication has received funding. The information contained in this publication does not necessarily reflect the position or opinion of the European Commission. ISSN: 2030-2762 (Print) n 2030-3106 (Online) Volume 10, No. 3 _ 2016 10th Anniversary Issue n European Federation of National Associations Working with the Homeless AISBL Fédération Européenne d’Associations Nationales Travaillant avec les Sans-Abri AISBL 194, Chaussée de Louvain n 1210 Brussels n Belgium Tel.: + 32 2 538 66 69 n Fax: + 32 2 539 41 74 Issue Anniversary th [email protected] n www.feantsaresearch.org 10 Volume 10, No. 3 _ 2016 Volume 10, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HOMELESSNESS Journal Philosophy The European Journal of Homelessness provides a critical analysis of policy and practice on homelessness in Europe for policy makers, practitioners, researchers and academics. The aim is to stimulate debate on homelessness and housing exclusion at the European level and to facilitate the development of a stronger evidential base for policy development and innovation. The journal seeks to give international exposure to significant national, regional and local developments and to provide a forum for comparative analysis of policy and practice in preventing and tackling homelessness in Europe. The journal will also assess the lessons for Europe, which can be derived from policy, practice and research from elsewhere. Editorial Team Joe Doherty, School of Geography and Geosciences, University of St. Andrews, UK (Guest Editor) Eoin O’Sullivan, School of Social Work and Social Policy, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ireland (Lead Editor) Volker Busch-Geertsema, GISS (Association for Innovative Social Research and Social Planning), Bremen, Germany (Coordinator of European Observatory on Homelessness) Mike Allen, Focus Ireland, Ireland Isabel Baptista, CESIS (Centro de Estudos para a Intervenção Social), Lisbon, Portugal Lars Benjaminsen, Danish National Centre for Social Research, Copenhagen, Denmark Nicholas Pleace, Centre for Housing Policy, University of York, UK Nóra Teller, Metropolitan Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary Editorial Assistant Kate Waterhouse, School of Social Work and Social Policy, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland Contributors Mike Allen Focus Ireland Dublin, Republic of Ireland [email protected] Vassilis Arapoglou Department of Sociology University of Crete, Greece [email protected] Lars Benjaminsen Danish National Centre for Social Research Copenhagen, Denmark [email protected] Dennis Culhane School of Social Policy and Practice University of Pennsylvania, USA [email protected] Boróka Fehér Budapest Social Centre and its Institutions (BMSZKI) Budapest, Hungary [email protected] Nicolas Herault Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research The University of Melbourne, Australia [email protected] Guy Johnson School of Global, Urban and Social Studies RMIT University, Australia [email protected] Marcus Knutagård School of Social Work Lund University, Sweden [email protected] Michele Lancione School of Geography and Planning Cardiff University, UK [email protected] Nicolas Pleace Centre for Housing Policy University of York, UK [email protected] Nóra Teller Metropolitan Research Institute Budapest, Hungary [email protected] International Advisory Committee of the European Journal of Homelessness Professor Isobel Anderson (University of Stirling), UK Professor Pedro José Cabrera (Comillas Pontifical University of Madrid), Spain Professor Jochen Clasen (University of Edinburgh), UK Professor Dennis P. Culhane (University of Pennsylvania), USA Dr. Pascal De Decker (Hogeschool Gent), Belgium Professor Emeritus Joe Doherty (University of St Andrews), UK Dr. Evelyn Dyb (Norwegian Institute for Urban and Regional Research), Norway Mr. Bill Edgar (European Housing Research Ltd), UK Professor Suzanne Fitzpatrick (Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh), UK Professor Paul Flatau (Murdoch University), Australia Professor Stephen Gaetz (York University), Canada Professor Susanne Gerull (Alice Salomon Hochschule Berlin), Germany Professor József Hegedüs (Metropolitan Research Institute Budapest), Hungary Professor Claire Lévy-Vroelant (Université Paris 8 -Vincennes – Saint-Denis), France Professor Thomas Maloutas (Harokopio University, Athens), Greece Dr. Magdalena Mostowska (University of Warsaw), Poland Professor Ingrid Sahlin (Lund University), Sweden Professor Marybeth Shinn (Vanderbilt University), USA Dr. Svetlana Stephenson (London Metropolitan University), UK Professor Antonio Tosi (Politecnico University of Milan), Italy Professor Judith Wolf (UMC St Radboud, Nijmegen), The Netherlands Consultative Committee of the European Journal of Homelessness Christian Perl, Austria Cristina Avonto, Italy Anne Delépine, Belgium Aida Karčiauskienė, Lithuania Đordana Barbaric, Croatia Marco Hoffman, Luxembourg Jiri Ružicka, Czech Republic Jakub Wilczek, Poland Ole Svendsen, Denmark Filipe Miranda, Portugal Juha Kaakinen, Finland Ian Tilling, Romania Olivier Marguery, France Bojan Kuljanac, Slovenia Thomas Specht, Germany Joan Uribe Vilarrodona, Spain Ioanna Pertsinidou, Greece Kjell Larsson, Sweden Peter Bakos, Hungary Rina Beers, The Netherlands Kathleen McKillion, Ireland Robert Aldridge, UK 6 European Journal of Homelessness _ Volume 10, No. 3 _ 2016 Content Editorial 7 10th Anniversary Issue Nicolas Pleace Researching Homelessness in Europe: Theoretical Perspectives 19 Lars Benjaminsen and Marcus Knutagård Homelessness Research and Policy Development: Examples from the Nordic Countries 45 Boróka Fehér and Nóra Teller An Emerging Research Strand: Housing Exclusion in Central and South East Europe 67 Vassilis Arapoglou Researching Housing Exclusion and Homelessness in Southern Europe: Learning Through Comparing Cities and Tracking Policies 87 Dennis Culhane The Potential of Linked Administrative Data for Advancing Homelessness Research and Policy 109 Nicolas Herault and Guy Johnson Homelessness in Australia: Service Reform and Research in the 21st Century 127 Mike Allen Homeless Non-Governmental Organisations and the Role of Research 145 Michele Lancione Beyond Homelessness Studies 163 7 Editorial In September 1985, a seminar was organised by the National Campaign for the Homeless (Ireland) in Cork, Ireland at the request of the Social Affairs Section of the European Commission, to bring together voluntary organisations across the European community, and to devise policies that would eliminate homelessness. One of the recommendations of the seminar was that: “the European Commission fund an association of organisations working with homeless people in the member states so that they may consult regularly on issues affecting homeless people, on methods that will secure improvements in the conditions of homeless people and advise the Commission on policy that will improve the conditions of homeless people.” This recommendation led to the establishment of the Federation Europeenne d’Associations Nationales Travaillant avec les Sans Abris (FEANTSA) in 1989 and in 1991 the European Observatory on Homelessness (EOH). Those who participated in the seminar noted the need to gather information on the following areas to facilitate the development of programmes to deal with homelessness. These included: • the extent and nature of homelessness in the member states • the numbers of homeless people, profiled by age and sex • the precise legal position of homeless people in the member states • details of existing projects which help homeless people, especially innovative projects undertaken by the government, voluntary or private sectors • details of existing studies on the problem of homelessness, and • the causes of homelessness Between 1991 and 2005 the EOH produced nearly 40 books and reports. They documented the extent of homelessness in Europe, examined issues of measure- ment and profiled homeless people. Themed volumes on homeless women and youth, immigration, legal systems, welfare regimes and housing regimes were also produced over this period. Thus, the EOH more than fulfilled the mandate set down by those who participated at the 1985 seminar. These various outputs provided increasingly sophisticated analyses of homelessness at the European level. The European Typology of Homelessness
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