DOCSLIB.ORG

Download 1.07 MB

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download 1.07 MB SEVASTOPOL NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY FINAL REPORT DOPING PREVALENCE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN UKRAINE: A STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR Project Funded by WADA’s Social Science Research Grant Program Sevastopol, Ukraine Doping study in Ukraine, page 2 RESEACH TEAM Principal Investigator Dr Bondarev Dmitriy PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Sevastopol National Technical University, Sevastopol, Ukraine Co-Investigators Dr Valentin Galchinskiy PhD, Professor, Chair of Physical Education and Sport Department, Sevastopol National Technical University, Sevastopol, Ukraine Dr Konstantin Ajitskiy PhD, Professor, department of Social Science and Sport, Tavrida National University, Simferopol, Ukraine Dr Vladimir Labskir PhD, Professor, Physical Education and Sport Department, Kharkiv National Technical University “KPI”, Kharkiv, Ukraine Doping study in Ukraine, page 3 CONTENTS Summary........................................................................................... 4 Objectives.......................................................................................... 5 Introduction...................................................................................... 6 Background and significance............................................................. 6 Literature review............................................................................... 6 Methodology...................................................................................... 14 Research design and method ........................................................... 14 Results and discussion....................................................................... 17 Attitude towards doping and behaviour regarding doping amongst Ukrainian students................................................................................. 17 Comparison of knowledge and attitudes towards doping of Sports students and Polytechnics students................................................................................. 22 Socio-psychological determinants of doping behaviour.................................................................................. 34 Conclusion......................................................................................... 41 References......................................................................................... 44 Effect of research on professional development.............................. 46 Implications for prevention programmes......................................... 46 Disseminations ................................................................................. 47 Doping study in Ukraine, page 4 SUMMARY This study examined the attitude towards doping and behaviour regarding doping amongst Ukrainian students. The sample consists of both Sports students and Polytechnics students. The first part of the study includes material of self-reported data of mass survey amongst students. The second part deals with focus groups’ interview materials in order to deeper investigate driving forces of doping behaviour. It has been established that the doping prevalence in Ukraine might affect nearly 10 % of university students. Prevalence of doping varies greatly with level of sports’ results, kind of sports activity, and the aims of engaging in sport. Representatives of strength and cyclical kinds of sports are at a higher risk of doping prevalence. The opinion that using doping can lead to better sport results and development of muscles is widespread among Sports students, while Polytechnics students mostly consider that doping can improve appearance and increase muscles. In spite of the widespread opinion of doping pernicious effect on health, the opinion of athletes has an essential distinction from common beliefs. Sports-oriented students consider that doping does not impact on health negatively if it is used in a reasonable way. Among athletes the opinion that doping in small doses and in reasonable proportions would be beneficial is widespread. Our results suggest that doping use has a moral legitimacy among the majority of athletes, and this point determines doping use. The motive of “necessity” looks like a mature explanation – an ideological scheme. One of the main reasons of doping use that athletes indicated was the self-affirmation motive, reaching high sport results, material welfare. A considerable proportion of students have lack of knowledge, in terms of side-effects, sources of information and testing procedure. A vast proportion of high performance athletes have admitted positive attitude towards doping. One of the main reasons to take a risk of using doping is an opportunity to have a compensation (tangible, social, ideological) for harm to health. This indicated that driving forces of doping behaviour among sports students are mainly described by the self-affirmation motive, which in turn resulted in pecuniary component. The findings highlight a gap between policy and student behaviour regarding doping. The evidence from these results may provide arguments for governing bodies and serve as a platform in creating educational programs for main stakeholders. Doping study in Ukraine, page 5 OBJECTIVES Project examined the following issues: Attitude towards doping and behaviour regarding doping amongst Ukrainian students. Comparison of attitudes towards doping of Sports students and Polytechnics students Establishing socio-psychological determinants of doping behaviour Doping study in Ukraine, page 6 INTRODUCTION Background and Significance So far research on doping has mostly focused on the prevalence of doping among European countries. Studies on attitudes towards doping in the Ukraine are, however, few and far between. Before Ukraine became independent it was thought that doping related problems were a far cry from the Ukrainian society. Since doping is also a serious ethical and social problem, attitudes hold the key to understanding its use. Little is being done to educate, raise awareness about the negative health effects and to guard youth against using doping in the Ukraine. This shows that Ukraine has no anti-doping experience. In our research we divided students’ population into two categories: sport- oriented students who succeed in a particular kind of sport and amateur sport- oriented students who do not intend to take part in a competition. From this point of view we conduct our research within students from Physical Education Academies (Sports students) and from Polytechnic Universities (Polytechnics students). Therefore, this research could reveal the current state of doping problems and help identify the most important needs and interventional steps with scientific support in anti-doping education. Findings from the study will contribute to other scientific research related to anti-doping efforts. Literature Review Probably one of the earliest mentions of using doping in order to improve sports performance has been known since the 1950s [24]. During the 1980s Doping study in Ukraine, page 7 evidence emerged that the use of doping had spread to non-athletic adolescents in the USA [25] The use of androgenic anabolic steroids with non-medical purpose among male adolescents in the USA has been reported continuously ever since. [25]. The self-declared doping use has been admitted in a number of researches carried out in European countries [4, 11, 14 ]. In order to answer a question about doping prevalence among Ukrainian youth we make an extensive search of literature, which was conducted using electronic resources, and analysis of material of Ukrainian conferences. The search strategy employed keywords for drug use in sport: “doping” in both Russian and Ukrainian languages. The following electronics resources were used: 1. National Ukrainian government library - http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/db/opac.html 2. National Russian Library of sport information - http://lib.sportedu.ru/Catalog.idc 3. Scientific journal of Ukraine: Pedagogic, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sport - http://www.sportsscience.org/html/sedite.html Four resources in total were found which contain the word “doping”. Compared to a search of the keyword “doping” in English in PubMed it was rather meagre. A great number of investigations concerning doping ‘attitudes’, ‘beliefs’, ‘knowledge’, ‘perspectives’, ‘opinions’ has been carried out in Europe and other countries. This fact indicates that the problem of doping and the subjects related to doping is absolutely unelaborated in Ukraine. However, foreign (non-Ukrainian) scientists have already widely investigated the problems related social aspects of doping. Doping study in Ukraine, page 8 Considerable evidence indicates that the use of doping may involve 3–5% of students, whichever substance is used. For example, studies carried out in Sweden [1] with 5,827 students, aged 13–20, and in Denver, Colorado [2] with 6,930 high school students, showed that 3,6 % and 4.0%, respectively had used banned substances at least once in their past. Furthermore, in [4] was reported that 5.6% of students aged 14 to 18 and living in 7 different areas, mostly in northern Italy admitted having been used substances to improve muscular- mass or athletic results. Also it was well established that doping prevalence is higher among males than females and among sports competitors and also increases with age and the level of competition. This opinion may moreover turn out to be well founded in [9], as 4.7 percent of the male
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Social Psychology of Doping in Sport: a Mixed-Studies Narrative Synthesis
    Social psychology of doping in sport: a mixed-studies narrative synthesis Prepared for the World Anti-Doping Agency By the Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure Review Team The review team comprised members of the Carnegie Research Institute at Leeds Beckett University, UK. Specifically the team included: Professor Susan Backhouse, Dr Lisa Whitaker, Dr Laurie Patterson, Dr Kelsey Erickson and Professor Jim McKenna. We would like to acknowledge and express our thanks to Dr Suzanne McGregor and Miss Alexandra Potts (both Leeds Beckett University) for their assistance with this review. Address for correspondence: Professor Susan Backhouse Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure Leeds Beckett University, Headingly Campus Leeds, LS6 3QS UK Email: [email protected] Web: www.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/ISPAL Disclaimer: The authors undertook a thorough search of the literature but it is possible that the review missed important empirical studies/theoretical frameworks that should be included. Also, judgement is inevitably involved in categorising papers into sample groups and there are different ways of representing the research landscape. We are not suggesting that the approach presented here is optimal, but we hope it allows the reader to appreciate the breadth and depth of research currently available on the social psychology of doping in sport. October 2015 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................................. 6 Introduction
    [Show full text]
  • A Twenty-First-Century Olympic and Amateur Sports Act Dionne L
    University of Baltimore Law ScholarWorks@University of Baltimore School of Law All Faculty Scholarship Faculty Scholarship 2018 A Twenty-First-Century Olympic and Amateur Sports Act Dionne L. Koller University of Baltimore School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.law.ubalt.edu/all_fac Part of the Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons Recommended Citation Dionne L. Koller, A Twenty-First-Century Olympic and Amateur Sports Act, 20 Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law 1027 (2018). Available at: https://scholarworks.law.ubalt.edu/all_fac/1078 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at ScholarWorks@University of Baltimore School of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@University of Baltimore School of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Twenty-First-Century Olympic and Amateur Sports Act Dionne L. Koller* ABSTRACT Recent scandals involving national governing bodies for sport and allegations of athlete abuse have captured media attention. The most recent, focusing on the actions of USA Gymnastics, prompted Congress to propose legislation to require better protections for Olympic Movement athletes. Signed into law on February 14, 2018, the Protecting Young Victims from Sexual Abuse and Safe Sport Authorization Act of 2017 designates the United States Center for SafeSport (SafeSport) as the independent organization charged with exercising jurisdiction over the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) and sport national governing bodies to safeguard amateur athletes against all forms of abuse. Congress’s instincts in this regard are admirable, and the empowerment of SafeSport is critically important.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Pure' Athlete: Discourses on Steroid Use and Prohibition in Sport
    CREATING THE 'PURE' ATHLETE: DISCOURSES ON STEROID USE AND PROHIBITION IN SPORT by Bryan Sluggett B.A., Simon Fraser University, 2004 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS In the Department of Sociology and Anthropology © Bryan Sluggett 2007 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY 2007 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission ofthe author. Approval Name: Bryan Sluggett Degree: Master of Arts Title of Thesis: Creating the 'Pure' Athlete: Discourses on Steroid Use and Prohibition in Sport Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. Dara Culhane Associate Professor of Anthropology Dr. Ann Travers Senior Supervisor Assistant Professor ofSociology Simon Fraser University Dr. Cindy Patton Supervisor Professor ofSociology/Anthropology & Women's Studies Simon Fraser University Dr. Richard Gruneau External Examiner Professor of Communications Simon Fraser University Date Approved: July 10, 2007 ii SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY LIBRARY IIIIolaratiDn of Partial C.yrIght U.C8 The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. The author has further granted permission to Simon Fraser University to keep or make a digital copy for use in its circulating collection (currently available to the public at the "Institutional Repository" link of the SFU Library website <www.lib.sfu.ca> at: <http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/112>) and, without changing the content, to translate the thesis/project or extended essays, if technically possible, to any medium or format for the purpose of preservation of the digital work.
    [Show full text]
  • High Performance: Exploratory Study Into the High Performance Model and Qualitative Secondary Analysis of Elite Sport Management in the United States
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Education Sciences College of Education 2021 High Performance: Exploratory Study into the High Performance Model and Qualitative Secondary Analysis of Elite Sport Management in the United States Jon Gregory Hill University of Kentucky, [email protected] Author ORCID Identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2906-6321 Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.13023/etd.2021.081 Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Hill, Jon Gregory, "High Performance: Exploratory Study into the High Performance Model and Qualitative Secondary Analysis of Elite Sport Management in the United States" (2021). Theses and Dissertations-- Education Sciences. 87. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/edsc_etds/87 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Education at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Education Sciences by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018Vickersphd.Pdf
    AN EXAMINATION OF THE DUAL CAREER PATHWAY AND TRANSITIONS UK STUDENT-ATHLETES EXPERIENCE THROUGHOUT UNIVERSITY EDUCATION EMMA VICKERS A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Liverpool John Moores University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy February 2018 i Abstract A dual career in sport is the challenge of combining a sporting career with education or work. An increasing population of athletes are choosing to further their academic careers by combining elite level sport with university education. University student-athletes may, however, be susceptible to experiencing a number of stressors (e.g., managing sport and academic timetables and personal sacrifices). This thesis extended knowledge on dual careers through the examination of athletes’ and stakeholders’ perceptions of the whole university experience, including the transition into, experiences during, and the transition out of university. A qualitative research design was employed throughout the thesis and data were collected through focus groups, longitudinal semi-structured interviews, and one-off semi structured interviews with participants from a range of UK universities. Data were analysed thematically and narratively. Additionally, autoethnographic data from the author (a former elite student-athlete) supplemented participant data. Part A explored athletes’ and stakeholders’ perceptions of the transition into university for student-athletes. Results found that student-athletes form expectations before they move into university (e.g., perceived living challenges), but often experienced different demands following the transition (e.g., increased sporting commitments following entry to university sport). These results suggest that pre-transition support may not be targeting the correct areas. Part B examined the experiences during university for student-athletes.
    [Show full text]
  • Fastest, Highest, Strongest: a Critique of High-Performance Sport Is a Truly Radical Text
    Fastest, Highest, Strongest Fastest, Highest, Strongest presents a comprehensive challenge to the dominant orthodoxy concerning the use of performance-enhancing drugs in sport. Examining the political and economic transformation of the Olympic Movement during the twentieth century, the authors argue that the realities of modern sport require a serious reassessment of current policies, in particular the ban on the use of certain substances and practices. The book includes detailed discussion of: ● The historical importance of World War II and the cold war in the develop- ment of a high-performance culture in sport. ● The changing Olympic project: from amateurism to a fully professionalized approach. ● The changing meaning of “sport.” ● The role of sport science, technology and drugs in pursuing ever-better performance. ● The major ethical and philosophical arguments used to support the ban on performance-enhancing substances in sport. Fastest, Highest, Strongest is a profound critical examination of modern sport, of interest both to students and scholars in the field of sport studies, as well as soci- ologists, political scientists, policymakers, sports administrators, and athletes themselves. Rob Beamish is Associate Professor and Head of the Department of Sociology at Queen’s University, Canada. Ian Ritchie is Associate Professor in the Department of Physical Education and Kinesiology at Brock University, Canada. Routledge critical studies in sport Series editors: Jennifer Hargreaves and Ian McDonald University of Brighton The Routledge Critical Studies in Sport series aims to lead the way in developing the multi-disciplinary field of sport studies by producing books that are interrog- ative, interventionist and innovative. By providing theoretically sophisticated and empirically grounded texts, the series will make sense of the changes and challenges facing sport globally.
    [Show full text]
  • Athletes' Rights and the World Anti-Doping Agency
    NOTES CAUGHT IN THE NET: ATHLETES’ RIGHTS AND THE WORLD ANTI- DOPING AGENCY MATTHEW HARD* I. INTRODUCTION: WHY WE SHOULD CARE ABOUT DOPING IN SPORTS WHILE PROTECTING ATHLETES’ RIGHTS “Citius, altius, fortius” – Olympic Motto1 Olympic sports competition holds a unique position in society. At its noblest, Olympism is a “philosophy of life . blending sport with culture and education,” which serves the ultimate end of promoting a peaceful society.2 Contributing to a collective world narrative, Olympic competition connects cultures through the dramatic spectacle of unexpected success, unexpected failure, and plain luck. Olympic competition also serves as a platform for nationalism, as countries become tremendously invested in the success of their athletes. The elevated position that Olympic competition has in society makes cheating a particularly egregious violation of the Olympic spirit. To protect the integrity of Olympic competition and the health of athletes, cheaters must be caught and punished. However, judicial economy and practical considerations in the fight against doping require certain legal presumptions3 that run against the notions of culpability we traditionally use to label someone a “cheater.” 4 This Note will analyze current international anti-doping law—which includes the goals, the principles used to justify the goals, the rules, and the sanctions—with an emphasis on athletes’ rights. There is a group of * JD/MBA Candidate, University of Southern California, 2011; B.A., Georgetown University, 2006. I would like to thank Professor Michael Shapiro for his expertise and guidance. Thank you for focusing the lens through which I approached a daunting subject encompassing sports law, bioethics, human rights, and philosophy.
    [Show full text]