1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7695 _· LEAVE OF ABSENCE of survivors of prisoners of war put to death By Mr. WATTS: . by the Government of Japan; to the Com­ H. R. 4709·. A bill for the relief of Baron By unanimous' consent, leave of ab- mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Fred Alexander D'Osten-Sacken; to the sence was granted·. to: ' · · [ · ~ By Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judiciary. Mrs. Roi;;ERS · of 'Massachusetts·

1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7701 bills and resolutions. The list, by any Fifteenth. The bill extending the De­ gram which confronts us, but thiit we standard, is imposing. Let me recite it: fense Production Act. Here, again, we are going to have to run long into a First. The bill extending selective were up against a deadline; and long ses­ session this fall, when an efficient Con­ service and setting up machinery for a sions were necessary to meet the expira­ gress, in my opinion, would have finished permanent universal military training tion date of the existing act. For the its business ·by August 1, to return later program. record, may I point out that the Commit­ in the fall for the purpose of taking care Second. The resolution approving the tee on Banking and Currency was ready of any problems which might have risen sending of four American divisions to to start work on the continuing bill as during the recess. Europe. early as last February, even though some Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I Third. The resolution declaring that of its key members were also involved wonder whether the Senator from Ore­ Communist China should not be ad­ in important foreign-policy debates and gon would yield at this point for an · mitted to membership in the United hearings. But those in charge of the insertion in the RECORD, which I think Nations. administration of this program were not is along the line he has been discussing. Fourth. The resolution calling on the ready to go ahead. Because it was new, Mr. MORSE. I always welcome sup­ United Nations to brand Red China as an they • wanted time to assess important port from the Republican side. I yield aggressor in Korea. · economic factors, and they suggested to my friend from California. Fifth. The resolution expressing the waiting. It was late April before their Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I American people's friendship for all the proposal reached the Congress, and ask unanimous consent to have printed peoples of the world. within a week the .committee began hear­ in the body of the RECORD an arti'cle Sixth. The resolution calling on the . ings. These hearings took more than a which appeared in the Washington United Nations to take action to bring month. Many witnesses had to be heard. Times-Herald under date of July 5, 1951, about an embargo on the shipment of This was a minimum time for the con­ entitled "Eightieth GOP Congress Treat­ war materials to Communist China. sideration of so important and so far­ ed Truman Better Than His Own," and · Seventh. The bill extending the im­ reaching a series of actions, affecting not also a news release from the Citizens portant Reciprocal Trade Agreements only the domestic economy but the wel­ Committee for the Hogver Report, com­ Act. fare and defense of this Nation. paring the activities of the Eighty-sec­ Eighth. The bill authorizing construc­ That, Mr. President, is the record, and ond and Eighty-first Congresses. tion of 140 new naval vessels, including a i.t is one. that no Member of this body There being no objection, the article super aircraft carrier. need apologize for or defend. There is and news release were ordered to be much yet to be done, and we will do it­ printed in the RECORD, as follows: Ninth. The bill providing for a long­ military and economic aid to our allies in term loan to India to provide 2,000,000 [From the Washington Times-Herald of Europe, the Near East Rnd Asia; a tax July 5, 1951] tons of grain for its starving people. bill; additional appropriations to run the Tenth. The bill granting the President EIGHTIE.TH GOP CONGRESS TREATED TRUMAN agencies of Government; and a score of BETTER THAN Hrs OWN-Box SCORE SHOWS authority to control exports, to conserve other bills of a less major character. EIGHTY-FIRST AND EIGHTY-SECOND IGNORED scarce materials. The record of the Senate before we MORE OF PRESIDENT'S LEGISLATIVE WISHES Eleventh. Two bills of great interest adjourn, Mr. President, will result in this (By Walter Trahan) to soldiers and veterans which grant Congress being classified as a hard­ President Truman has been treated more free life insurance to those in the Armed working body which devoted itself un­ harshly by two Democratic Congresses than Forces, and provide hospitalization for stintingly toward strengthening the by the Republican Eightieth Congress, which Korean veterans. country domestically, and at the same he labeled in the 1948 presidential campaign Twelfth. The approval of the reor­ the "do-nothing Congress" and the "worst time coping with the most critical inter­ Congress" and finally "the second worst Con­ ganization of the RFC, thus maintaining national problems in the entire history gress." it as an important lending agency for . of. the Republic. Cold figures, prepared by the nonpartisan small American businesses anxious to The important consideration is that Congressional Quarterly, show that the contribute to the defense effort. we are fulfilling our duties and respon­ Democratic Eighty-first and Eighty-second Thirteenth. The bill establishing new sibilities to the American people on the Congresses h ave ignored more of the Presi­ procedures for renegotiation ot' defense­ most vital and basic concept of the Amer­ dent's legislative program than the GOP contracts, so as to prevent exorbitant ican form of government-the people's Congress. profit's: · ~ - - right to know all the facts. To do that ACHIEVEMENTS LISTED Fourteenth. Nine appropriation bills, may slow down the legislative wheels, it The figures also show that the Republican may bring criticism from those who Congress completed action on about as much seven of which were for essential supple­ of the White House program in its first mental items and two of the regular an­ short-sightedly demand speed and rub­ 6 months of existence as has the present nual bills. Since it was necessary iast ber-stamp actions, but it bolsters that Democratic Eighty-second Congress and the week to adopt a temporary continuing which is the greatest source of strength Democratic Eighty-first Congress in the cor­ resolution for appropriations for a num­ this Nation has-the right of our people responding period. ber of agencies, I think it should be to criticize; to insist on their demands; The box score on congressional perform­ pointed out, Mr. President, there is noth­ to have a direct voice in what is done. ance follows: ing new-or novel about such action; that Mr. MORSE and Mr. KNOWLAND ad­ Eightieth Congress this is not the first time that a Congress dressed the Chair. Proposals has found it necessary to take such ac­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator Received------47 Completed action------12 tion. In fact, since 1948, 10 such con­ from Oregon. Rejected_ ___ ------______------_____ 1 tinuing resolutions have been . passed; Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, before I Partial action______15 and there were others before then, but turn to the two subject matters I desire Hearings only------13 on previous occasions there were few of to discuss, I wish to file a most respect­ Ignored------6 the compelling factors that brought ful dissent to the observations just made Eighty-first Congress about the delay encountered this year. by the majority leader, and, for the Proposals Let me remind you that appropriation RECORD, to express the opinion and con­ Received------~----- 59 bills originate in the House of Represent­ clusion that one would have to go back Completed action------15 atives; that this year they were delayed a great many years in the history of the Rejected------1 more than a month there until a final Congresses of the United States in order Partial action______20 decision was reached to abandon the to find a Congress with so poor a record Hearings only------10 single-package appropriation bill of .last of accomplishment as the present Con­ Ignored------13 year and return to the separate bills of gress. I think it should rightly be known Eighty-second Congress former years. Our own Appropriations as the "do-nothing Congress," at least Proposals Received------~------47 Committee is now considering, and will to date. I think it most regrettable that, Completed action------9 have ready for action very shortly, the because of what I · consider to be the Rejected______5 five additional bills already passed by dilly-dally tactics of this Congress, we Partial action______12 the House, one of which is now before not only have not proceeded further Hearings only------5 the Senate for consideration. with the very important legislative pro- _Ignored------16 7702' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JULY ' 6·

JOHNSON CONGRESS CITED second Congress and the administration so Action on r..eorga:n:ization plans Mr. Tru.man changed his mind and branded· far this year. Fifty-one new reorganization- plans were the Eightieth Congress as the second worst The study' shows that down to June 20, · suggested to tlie President in a Jetter from· instead of the worst because he decided that.' 1951, less than half as many laws of all sorts,- Dr. Robert L. Johnson, chairman of the the Congress which armost impeached A:µ• 51, have been enacted by the current Con­ Citizens Committee, ori ;May 8, 1951. Pre.:­ drew Johnson, the Democrat who succeeded gress as by either session of the Eighty-first viously many of the proposed plans were in-· to the Presidency on · the assassination of Congress during the same period. Only one · formally submitted to the ·Budget Bureau. Lincoln, was the worst Congress. Presidential reorganization plan has been Up _to· now not one of the proposed pl!i-nS The President has a warm affection for the . submitted to the Congress during 1951. has been forwarded -to Congress. Twenty­ man who came to the Presidency by accident During the Eighty-first Congress, 50 per­ four of these pians were submitted in final just as he did. He does not feel as warmly cent of the bipartisan Hoover Commission's form, ready for Presidential signature and· toward Lincoln, the first Republican Presi­ recommendations for Federal reorganization submission · to Congress. The remainder dent. Mr. Truman's mother refused, as a efficiency and e c o n o m y were adopted .. were set forth in outline. strong southern sympathizer, to sleep in the Twenty public laws were enacted and 26 re­ Summary Lincoln bedroom at the White House. organization plans, submitted by President Truman, were accepted by the Congress. With respect to Federal reorganization, In outdoing the GOP Congress on rejecting. the difference between the records of the Whit ~ House measures, the present Congress The eventual savings resulting from the total 46 measures are estimated by the citizens · Eighty-first Congress and the administration doomed five pet White House projects. in 1949-50, as against the records of the. These are temporary reorganization of Fed­ committee at $2,000,000,000 a year. All told the committee believes, $5.400,000,000 a year Eighty-second Congress and the administra­ eral agencies concerned with mobilization, tion for 1951, can be summarized as follows: dispersal of other agencies from the Capital, could be saved through full enactment of construction of defense housing, regulation the report. of commodity exchanges, and a roll-back of Beyond pointing out a striking contra.St, .As of June 20 prices. the study made no comment on the present· situation. ·Dr. Robert L. Johnson, president · Slst 'Cong ..:... Other proposals ran the gantlet of Con­ 82d gress, but came out almost unrecognizable. of Temple University and national chairman •---,...____ , Cong. of the citizens committee, said a complete The Trade Agreements Act permitting the 1st sess. 2d ses8. Ist sess. President to- cut t ariffs was amended to in­ analysis would be issued at a later date. (1949) (l!l50) (1951) . clude most -of the restrictions the GOP "For the present I can only say that t:p.ese are the facts and the facts speak for them­ Eightieth Congress had approved. The L REORGANIZATION PLANS Eighty-second voted to lend, instead of give, selves," Dr. Johnson said. money to famine-threatened India for food. · The box score and a full list of the legisla­ Presidential reorganization. Universal military training was recognized tive achievements of the Eighty-second Con­ plans approved or disap- gress follows: proved __ ------·o 21 · r in principle, but its· prac~ice was postponed Presidential reorganization to some future date. ' LEGISLATIVE AND REORGANIZATION BOX SCORE. plans before Congress for One of the most dramatic examples of There ls a striking contrast between _the action __ --~------~·- :o Congress diluting a Presidential request legislative and reorganization record of the Il. PUBUC LAWS came in connection with the bill to extend Eighty-first Congress and the administra- ' anti-inflation economic controls. The Sen­ tion in 1949- 50, when compared with that of Reorganization laws enacted __ .2 3 0 ate made mincemeat of the bill, again r.e­ Reorganization bills in proc­ the Eighty-second Congress and the admin­ ess of ena<:tment-both fusing to permit price roll-backs. Congress istration in 1951. 11 did not even accede to Mr. Truman's request Houses ____ ------for enactment of the extension bill before General Zegislatton Total, all legislative ac­ June 30, when the existing one expired. The results on laws'of all sorts are as fol­ tions on reorganiza- Instead, it rushed through a stopgap exten­ lows for the Eighty-first and Eighty-second: tion __ -----·------13 sion measure. The regular bill remained in Congresses: a partial-action status. Eighty-first Congress: First session, laws NcTE.-Twenty legislative proposals, im­ The same process of dilution is evident in enacted (to June 2Q, .1949), 114; second ses-: plementing the remi,i.ining recommendati!ln!! hearings Congress is holding on some of Mr. sion, laws enacted (to June 20, 1950), 126. of the Hoover Commission, have been placed. Truman's requests. For example, the Pres­ Eighty-second Congress: First session, laws before the Senate and House under biparti­ ident asked for a · $10,000,000,000 tax bill. enacted (to June 20, 1951), 51. · san sponsorship. Major in scope because of The House watered this down to seven and Legis,ative and reorganization proposals o/ the size of the Government operations they two-tenths billions. The Senate's Finance the citizens committee · affect are: · Committee opened hearings· on the bill amid 1. Reorga'nizatlon of the Department· bf cries it could be chopped down below five In order to effect the remaining recom­ Agriculture. · billions. mendations of the Hoover Commission, the 2. Reorganization of the Veterans' A'd­ Citizens Committee for the Hoover Report ministration and creation of a streamlined STATISTICALLY UNFAVORABLE has su bmitted the following proposals to the Veterans' Insurance Corporation within VA. Actually, the picture of Mr. Truman's re-. legislative and executive branches: 3. Reorganization of the Post Office and lation with Congress changes considerably To the Congress, 19 bills and 1 concurrent elimination of politics from postmaster ap-· when it is. expanded to include incomplete, resolution. pointments. as well as finished, actions by the latter. (In­ To the President, 51 suggested reorganiza.. 4. Consolidation of Federal medical serv­ complete actions include those by one Cham­ tion plans. ices in a Department of Health. ber only.) Statistically, it reflects unfavor­ Action on Hoover Commission biUs before 5. Consolidation of Federal public works ably on the Eighty-second Congress, which Congress aci:ivities of the !\.rmy Corps of Engineers has held fewer hearings but ignored more an..I the Bureau of Reclamation. proposals than either the Eightiet h or the On the 20 legislative proposals submitted to Congress, action with respect to hearings 6. Modernization of Federal personnel Eighty-first. policies. In defense of Congress, i:ome Congressmen has been as follows: Hearings held in both insist that the White House has been slow Houses on 1 minor measure, hearings held APPENDIX A. FULL LIST OF THE LEGISLATIVE in sending up its proposals. They also re­ in Senate only on 4 minor measures, hear.: ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND CON­ fute the statistical record, which would re­ ings held in House only on O measures, no GRESS (AS OF JUNE 20, 1951) veal this Congress as more of "a do-nothing hearings held in Senate on 15 meas'lires, no Public Law 1: To permit free importation Congress" than the GOP Eightieth Con­ hearings held in House on 19 measures. of gifts by members of armed services. · gress, by pointing to the intense investi­ On these 20 measures, congressional com­ Publ,ic Law 2: To amend the Internal gating activity of the current Congress. mittees have taken the following action: Revenue Code. The administration takes a dim view of Measures reported favorably______O • Public Law 3: To authorize construction this activity, holding that the uncovering of Measures under consideration______6 of naval ·vessels. scandals, such as the RFC and crime in­ l\1:easures deferred--~------14 Public Law 4: To authorize Marine Band quiries, and into policy, such as the Mac­ Pue to failures of congressional commit­ attendance at one hundred and seventy-fifth Arthur inquiry, have done the administra­ tees to hold hearings, the administration's anniversary of fortification of Dorchester tion nothing but harm. position on all of the 20 Hoover Commission Heights, Mass. proposals has not yet been made public. Public Law 5: To confer jurisdiction on However, formal communications from the C:>urt of Claims in a claim of the Board of (News release of Citizens Cqmmittee :for the Budget Bureau and the departments and County Commissioners of Sedgwick County, Hoover Report] agencies have been received and recorded Kans. The bipartisan Citizens Committee for on 14 of the 20 measures: Public Law 6: To adn!lt alien spouses and the Hoover Report issued a box score today, Support in full______O minor children of members of armed services. comparing the legislative and reorganization Support in part______2 Public Law 7: To make addHional appro­ records of the E~ghty-first Congress and the Oppose------12 priation1-1, nine iu num be_-, n t 1ging from administration with those of the Eighty- Position not reported------~------6 $5,000 to $100,000. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7703 Public Law 8: To continue the Housing Public Law 46: To waive tariffs on articles committee thereof, is authorized and di· and Rent Control Act. sent to Japanese Trade Fair. rected to make a full and complete study Public Law 9: To provide for renegotiation Public Law 47: To amend the Civil Aero­ and investigation for the purpose of de­ of contracts. nautics Act. termining (1) what attempts, if any, have Public Law 10: To extend the District of Public Law 48: To furnish emergency food been made by any individuals or groups of Columbia Emergercy Rent Act. aid to India. individuals representing the Chinese Na­ Public Law 11: To make minor additional Public Law 49: To make an additional ap­ tionalist Government, the Chinese Commu­ appropriations for the District of Columbia. propriation of $150,000. nist Government, or any other foreign gov­ Public Law 12: To authorize payment of Public Law 50: To extend the Pre8ident's er.nment, to influence the foreign policy of the interest on Series E Savings bonds. authority to enter into trade agreements. United States since September 2, 1945, and Public Law 13: To compensate Metropol­ Public Law 51: To authorize universal (2) the extent and means, including meth­ itan Police force and others for duty per­ military training. ods of financing, of any such attempts. The fo:-m ~ d on days off. committee shall report to the Senate at t h e Public Law 14· To clarify immigration Mr. MORbE. Mr. President, I have earliest practicable date the results of its status of certain persons. but one additional brief comment to study and investigation together with such Public Law 15: To authorize vessels of make in regard to tne record of the recommendations as it m ay deem advisable. Canadian registry to transport iron to United present Congress. It is that I do not SEc. 2. For the purposes of this resolution, States Great Lakes ports. think that there is any excuse for the the committee, or any duly authorized sub­ Public Law 16: To extend time for filing failure of this Congress to transact more committee thereof, is authorized to employ W ?:r claims. upon a temporary basis such technical, cleri­ Public Law 17: To amend the Agricultural business. The failure of thi~ Congress to cal, and other assistants as it deems advis­ Adjustment Act, as amended. transact the people's business cannot be able. The expenses of the committee under Public Law 18: To authorize th~ printing excuseC by citing the hearings and the this resolution, which shall not exceed $50,- of t h e annual report of the Girl Scouts as inve~tigations which various committees 000, shall be paid from the contingent fund separate House documents. hav~ been holding. In my judgment we of the Senate upon vouchers approved by the Public Law 19: To convey certain lands in sir.. 1ply ought to face the fact that we chairman of the committee. Ogden, Utah, to the Ogden Chamber of Com­ merce. are not going to have an efficient admin­ Mr. President, I wish to refer to a Public Law 20: To authorize relief of cer­ istration of this branch of the Congress, few pages of the printed hearings of the tifying officers of certain ter~inated war the Senate, until we take some action to MacArthur investigation, relative to the agencies. revise our rules and until we undertake origin of the suggestion which is set forth .Public Law 21: To provide reimbursement to aC:opt a more. efficient meeting ·sched­ in the resolution. of b'trial expenses of those who served in ule. I consider it to be plain inefficiency, On pa~ e 2116 of the MacArthur hear­ armed services in the Philippines before July and inexcusable, for ~he Senate to con­ ings,· in my examination of the se·::retary 2(;!, 1941. tinue a practice of having several com­ of State, I raised the question as to what P ublic Law 22 : To make emergency ap­ mittees meeting ·at the same time the propriations of $10,000,000. information he could give the committee Public Law 23: To authorize indemnity to Senate itself is in se:::sion. We cannot in regard to allegations and rumors con­ survivors of servicemen. justify refusing to come to grips with cern:ng the existence 6f a China lobby. Public Law 24: To establish daylight sav­ the ne.ed for adopting a sensible daily I shall repeat, as the main part of my ing time in the District of Columbia. meeting schedule for this body: Is there speech today, th\.) comments which I Public Law 25 : To authorize charters of any reason why the Senate sr..ould not made Qn that occasion. On that occasion vessels in the Philippines. hold sessions starting at 9 or 9 :30 I said: Public Law 26: To authorize ·transfer of o'clock in the morning, on Monday, Mr. Secretary, I want to make a very lands to Vermont Agricultural College. Wednesday and Friday of each week, de­ Public Law 27: To authorize the-: sale of brief statement in regard to allegations con­ post route and rural delivery maps. pending upon the business before the cerning the existence· cf a force in America Public Law 28 : To provide certain benefits Senate, and devote the remainder of the known as the China lobby before I ask you to members of the Armed Forces. time to committee meetingE? There is, questions relative thereto. Public Law 29: To allow deduction of State in my opinion, no reason why the par­ I would like to say for the record that gasoline taxes for income-tax purposes. ticular investigatior to which the major­ behind the sincere differences of opinion ln Public Law 30: To amend Assignment of this country over the proper course of the ity leader referred, the MacArthur in­ United States to follow in China there h as Claims Act. vestigation, should have ·caused any existed the more or less clandestine struggle Public Law 31: To amend subdivision a of interference with the efficient opera­ between two extremist groups, each repre­ section 34 of the Bankruptcy Act, as tion of the Senate, had there been some senting not America's interests but the in­ amended. · terests of the two principal contenders for Public Law 32: To amend subdivision a of coordination between the schedule of the Senate and the schedules of the two power in the Chinese civil war. section 55 of the Bankruptcy Act, as While American Communists and their amended. committees, sitting jointly. I can well fellow travelers have ardently backed the Public Law 33: To provide for regulation imagine how the party of the opposition Chinese Communists and soug~1t to turn of exports. at this time, in view of the sorry record American public and official opinion in favor Public Law 34: To amend an amendment it has made in this session of the Con­ of Communist ends in China, it was alleged of the Internal Revenue Code. gress, wants to come forward, for public that there has been operating at the other Public Law 35: To amend section 153 (b) consumption, with some such statement extreme a propaganda and pressure group of the Internal Revenue Code. as the one made today by the majority working for the Nationalist Chinese, Kuomin­ Public Law 36: To authorize national serv­ leader. But I think that, when the ta11g, Chiang Kai-shek interests. This lat­ ice life insurance dividends as payment of ter group is generally referred to in the premiums. Democrats get out across the country, American press as the China lobby. Public Law 37: To authorize appointment they are going to wake up to the fact Although the vicious operations of the of a Director of Civil Defense for the District that they have not fooled' the people. Communist::: have been widely exposed, to of Columbia. The people are fully a ware of the fact some extent, but I believe still not fully-and Public Law 38: To suspend certain~mport that this Congress has not taken care of I am strongly in favor of a complete dis­ taxes on copper. the business of the people in the efficient closure and expose of Communist activities Public Law 39: To reconvey a tract of land manner it should have done throughout in the United States and elsewhere in the to Tuskegee Institute. world-there never has been, however, a the session. thorough public investigation of the so-called Public Law 40: To authorize attendance of Mr. President, I now desire to turn my China lobby. Navy Band at reunion of United Confederate attention to another subject. Veterans. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator Mr. President, I digress for a moment Public Law 41: To transfer certain lands in from Oregon has the :floor. from a reading of the quotations from Louisiana. the printed hearings of the MacArthur Public Law 42: To amend the act respect­ INVESTIGATION OF ALLEGED ACTIVITIES investigation to emphasize the last para­ ing telephone and telegraph services to OF FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS TO INFLU· graph which I read, because I simply Representa ti ves. ENCE AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY cannot understand how any newspaper Public Law 43: To make supplemental ap­ Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, in behalf propriations. reporter, columnist, or editorial writer Public Law 4.4: To amend the Enabling Act of myself -and the Senator from Con­ could possibly fail to understand the for the State of Arizona, relating to the terms necticut [Mr. McMAHON] I submit a reso­ spirit and the intent of the junior Sen­ of leases of State-owned lands. ~ution, which reads as follows: ator from Oregon when he suggested an Public Law 45: To make supplemental ap­ Resolved, That the Committee on For­ investigation of the so-called China propriations, eigJ>l Relations, or any duly authorized sub- lobby. Anyone who knows me knows of 7701 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JULY 6 the vigorous opposition of the junior should have a much stronger control bill Field, the gentleman who is now in trou­ Senator from Oregon to communism, which came much nearer to carrying ble with the court in New York for hav­ and to the activities of communism in out the Baruch plan. I do not believe ing put up bail for the Communists and our own country and abroad. Yet, in the bill in its present form will be much then refusing to furnish the names re­ this day, when smear tactics have come of a barricade against the threat of in­ quested by the judge, and in.1945 or 1946, to be the principal device of character :fiation. in the offices of that rather obscure mag• assassins in this county, we find that Mr. President, the most potent defense azine, was found a rather complete pho­ some representatives of the press are de­ weapon we have is the great mass-pro­ tostating equipment such as would have serving of the charge that they delib­ duction power which our capitalistic been used in a large publication, together erately distorted the obvious intent of economy gives to us and with which we with a thousand top-secret confidential the junior Senator from Oregon when he can build powerful defenses, unless we and restricted Government documents made the suggestion in the MacArthur let a tide of in:fiation engulf the country. which obviously had come from inside hearings that there be a China-lobby in­ In my judgment, that danger will be­ the executive departments of the Gov­ vestigation. There were writings and come very real if the Congress, before ernment of the United States. editorials to the effect that the proposal it adjourns, fails to pass a defense-pro­ Mr. MORSE. I may say to my friend of the junior Senator from Oregon was duction bill much stronger than is the from California that I think the lan­ designed to divert attention away from one which the Senate passed last week. guage of the resolution is sufficiently Communist Chinese activities in this I did not hear the majority leader defend broad to cover that field. If it is not, country. I think my colleagues and my that bill in his talk today and probably I shall be very happy to cover it, or to friends will permit at least a little ex­ for the obvious reason that it cannot be accept an amendment from the Senator pression of righteous resentment on my defended. from California to broaden the scope of part, because I do not yield to any man I make that comment on this issue be­ the resolution. I shall be happy, if the in the Congress of the United States or cause it is directly related to the atti­ Senator from California wants to modify in the entire Nation in my hatred for tude which I have taken on the whole the resolution for that purpose, to wel­ and my detestation of everything for problem of strengthening the security come him as a cosponsor of the resolu­ which communism stands and for Com­ of our country; and because I believe the tion. But I think the language "to make munist tactics both here and abroad. only hope we have of fighting a success­ a full and complete study and investiga­ Mr. President, I have stated many, ful war with Russia is for the American tion for the purpose of determining, first, many times that the threat of Russian people to make the sacrifices now re- - what attempts, if any, have been made communism is so serious, from the quired to put our d~f enses in shape so by any individuals or groups of individ­ standpoint of the survival of my coun­ that Stalin will understand that it is uals representing the Chinese National­ try, that I believe the American people in his best interest, in the long run, to ist Government, the Chinese Commu­ should unite as they have never before sit down at a world peace table, work out nist Government, or any other foreign united, in an all-out economic and mili­ an honorable peace, and thereby avoid government, to influence the foreign pol­ tary mobilization program, to the end the holocaust which will result if and icy of the United States since September that, with the utmost rapadity, we be­ when we are thrown into world war III. 2, 1945," which would be VJ-day, "and, come as strong as we possibly can in I make these comments, Mr. Presi­ second, the extent and means, including order to demonstrate to Stalin and the dent, because I confess that though I am methods of financing, of any such at­ crowd in the Kremlin that they have used to political abuse, I resent the writ­ tempts," is broad enough to include everything to lose and nothing to gain ings of some irresponsiblie columnists what the Senator from California has in from a continuation of their aggressive and editorial writers who have sought to mind. But I will give the matter further course of action in the field of foreign poison the attitude of the people of my consideration, and if I have any doubt policy. I have tried to point out to the State and elsewhere in the Nation by in­ about it after further consideration I people of my country that we ought to dicating that this proposal of mine for shall insert phraseology which will c~r­ lead through strength and not through the investigation of the Chinese lobby is tainly leave no~ room for doubt. weakness in the struggle with Russia. some left-wing device in collusion with Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr~ President will If we are going to avoid what I am satis­ Communist activities in this country to the Senator yield? ' fied would be hundreds of thousands of divert attention away from the Mac­ Mr. MORSE. I yield. casualties if we should get into a war Arthur issue. Mr. KNOWLAND. I am not certain of with Russia before we were ready to ab­ Mr. President, as my resolution shows, the wisdom of including in the Senator's sorb the first shock of military contact and as my language at the time I dis­ resolution the cut-off date of September with Russia, we had better proceed to cussed this question in committee made 1945, because I think the record will make ourselves stronger than we now clear, I am of the opinion that all for­ show that the Amerasia group was very are, because, although I believe we can eign lobbies should be investigated, in­ active in this country probably dating at defeat Russia now, and I have said so cluding not only the China lobby, if one least from the time of the Yalta Con­ during the hearings--and I refer to my ·exists, but a Communist lobby-Chinese, ference, which was in February 1945. I examination of former Secretary of De­ Russian, or any other Communist merely suggest to the able Senator that fense, Louis Johnson-nevertheless, I stripe-and the lobbies of any other for­ putting that arbitrary date in the reso­ am satisfied that if we got into a war eign government, be it Great Britain, lution possibly might foreclose a thor­ with Russia now we would suffer a great , the Netherlands, Spain, Israel, ough investigation, which has never yet many casualties we would not experi­ or any other country which may be seek­ been had, of the ramifications of the ence if we first took the precious time ing to use lobbying tactics in in:fiuencing Amerasia magazine, Mr. Jaffe, Mr. Fred­ available to us to become strong enough American foreign policy. erick Vanderbilt Field, and a great many to lead through strength. Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will others .who obviously were attempting This indicates the position of the jun­ the Senator yield for a question? to influence American public opinion to ior Senator from Oregon with regard to Mr. MORSE. I yield. let the Republic of China be sold down the whole matter of the mobilization Mr. KNOWLAND. I should like to the river. · program which confronts us. Because ask the able Senator from Oregon Mr. MORSE. What date would the of my deep conviction of the need for whether the wording of his resolution is Senator from California suggest? military and economic strength on the sufficiently broad to enable the commit­ Mr. KNOWLAND. I should like to ex­ part of our country, I have been pleading tee to trace, for instance, the contacts of plore that a little with the Senator. It with the American people to face the the Amerasia group, which apparently is somewhat difficult to keep dates in reality of one of our great domestic ene­ was operating very vigorously a few years mind, but I think it is something to mies, which is the constant threat of in­ ago to influence opinion in this country which the Senator himself might care flation. That is why I offer no apology that the Chinese Communists were only to give further thought. to tHe people .of my State or of my coun­ agrarian reformers, and the contacts Mr. MORSE. I shall do so. I shall be try for taking the position I took on the they had within the State Department, perfectly willing to go back to Pearl Har­ fioor of the Senate last week when the because, as the Senator from Oregon bor, to December 7, 1941. We must have defense production bill was before the will recall, on the board of Amerasia some beginning date, and I should think Senate, because I believe the Senate magazine was Frederick Vanderbilt that December 7, 1941, would cover such 1951 CONGRES.SIONAL RECORI?-SENATE 7705 a period of time as to afford opportunity Resources Commision of China, a wholly paid pressures would be purely lnc:ldental. for the investigation to check almost owned subsidiary of the Nationalist Govern­ No one who knows anything about the way every possibility. Therefore, subject to ment of China. It is alleged that Goodwin's things work here doubts that a powerful contract paid him $40,000 a year. . China lobby has brought extraordinary in­ further thought, I am going here and His job called for interesting American fluence to bear on Congress and the Execu­ now to modify the resolution by making investors in China. Goodwin switched to tive. It would be hard to find any parallel the date December 7, 1941. the Chinese News Service under contract in diplomatic history for the agents and Referring again to the statelllent I starting July 7, 1949. diplomatic representatives of a foreign power made before the committee-:t state­ His new job required him to explain to exerting such pressures. The methods used ment which I want to repeat by way of leaders of thought in the United States, and cannot, of course, be compared with those of a ·supporting statement for submission including Members of Congress, the danger Russian communism, since Russian commu­ of the Communist movement to the security nism works in each country through an in­ of the resolution today-:-! said: of the United States, and conversely to urge ternal conspiracy. Nationalist China has Yet often in the political struggle for confidence in the Nationalist Government used the techniques of direct intervention on domination over American opinion the best of China and to seek for it large measures a scale rarely, if ever, seen. The lobby has interests of the United States, ·it seems to of American support and material aid. It gained adherents among some ex-Commu­ me, have been lost sight of in the smoke is reported that he received $25,000 a year nists in America who have in some instanceB arising from the behind-the-scenes battles for this work. carried over into this new endeavor the con­ of these two sets of agents in the United In an interview with Alfred Friendly, of the spiratorial fanaticism they gave to commu­ States, representing extreme factions in Washington Post, in September 1949, Good­ nism. China. win said he had converted at least 50 Con­ "Another reason for opposing a congres­ It is widely alleged that the China lobby, gressmen, mostly Senators, to his way of sional inquiry is the difficulty-perhaps the . or pro-Chiang group, in the United States thinking on China aid. impossibility-of digging up the underlying has for several years been conducting a He added in a confidential whisper, "China facts. That is particularly true with respect violent campaign against American policies will get anything she asked for," reports to sources of money. High officials here be­ in China, chiefly by charging that the State Friendly. "China is bound to get what she lieve that Chinese Nationalists or members of Department, and especially its Far Eastern wants. Just think of the billboards next their families have put in foreign banks con­ Division, is a nest of Reds, controlled by November if she doesn't," ·is the quote from siderably over a half billion dollars. But it Communists and fellow travelers. Friendly's story of his interview with Good­ is so carefully concealed that it could hardly These charges have gone along the line win. be traced in Swiss and New York accounts that the State Department has set up a for­ to the real owners. eign policy in Asia contrary to the long-time FORTUNES ALLEGEDLY AMASSED BY CHINESE INDIVIDUALS "A planeload of 21 American newspaper­ best interests of the United States, because men has just left for Formosa as invited of its alleged support of pro-Communst in­ T. V. Soong, Chiang's brother-in-law, re­ guests of the Chinese Central News Agency. terests in China. signed from the Kuomintang rather than go The news agency is subsidized by the Na­ In addition, it is believed by tp.any that to Formosa, it was announced on June 9, tionalist Government." the China lobby has been especially active 1950. Reputed to be one of the wealthiest Then I have many others, and one other · in pressuring Congress for financial, eco­ men in the world, he left China shortly be­ newspaper story that I want to cite as the nomic, and . military aid for the Chiang fore the Government fled from Canton to foundation for the first question I want_ to regime, both before and since it retired to Nanking, late in 1948. At that time an ef­ put to you. Formosa. fort was made to have him donate part of This is a news story of the Washington his fortune, said to be scattered in banks, as Post by Benjamin Bradlee, September 18, Then there follows, Mr. President, a I have pointed out, in Fmnce, North and 1949, under the headline "Chiang pays lobby­ series of quotations, with explanatory South America, and South Africa. It is be­ ist here to get· funds-former member of remarks on my part, which I had taken lieved that he refused and left for Hong Kong, Christian front gets $25,000 salary." out of various newspaper articles and and then for Paris. He is now, I understand, Bradlee writes: columnists' articles and editorials deal­ living in the United States. In January 1950 Madam Chiang ended a LOBBYIST HIRED BY CHINESE ing with this issue. I ask unanimous 14-month mission to the United States to ob­ "The Chinese Nationalists have hired a consent to have the remainder of that tain support in a military mission for the $25,000 a year lobbyist to get more money for statement inserted at this point in the Nationalists, in which she failed. Chiang Kai-shek and to sabotage adminis­ RECORD. It runs· through page 2122 of Doris Fleeson wrote in the Evening Star on tration plans to withhold funds. The inter­ the MacArthur hearings. January 16, 1950, that the administration national-influence man is William J. Good­ There being no objection, the matters arsenals are crammed with facts about the win, of Roslyn, N. Y., and the Metropolitan referred to were ordered to be printed in entire Chiang ·· circle-who they are, the Club in Washington, a registered lobbyist the REOORD, as follows: wealth they have take:i. from China, the and foreign agent with a stormy background troubles we have had with them. "With of Wall Street finance, Christian-front activ­ It is believed by many that Chinese indi­ such a story they can make a telling fight, ity, Tammany Hall politics, and big-time viduals related to the Soong family-Mrs. if pushed to it. They prefer not to," she public relations. Chiang Kai-shek's relatives-have immense wrote, "because they don't want to lend aid "In less than 2 years, according to. Jus­ sums of money cached outside Chinese ter­ and comfort to the Reds." tice Department records, Goodwin has con­ ritory, some of it in the United States, some Now, it was reported by Robert Allen in a tracted for $65,000 from the Nationalist Gov­ of it in European countries and in England, story in 1949 which he wrote for the press­ ernment, first to get help from the United some of it, some people think, in South and I quote: States, then to influence leaders of thought Africa, and some in South America. "Note deleted from the white paper, as and urge them to approve larger measures It is rumored that T. V. Soong himself has published, was a State Department list of of American support and material aid. many millions of dotars on deposit in the several hundred top Nationalist officials and . "With this money Goodwin has given in­ United States. generals who made millions grafting on timate dinners in Washington's exclusive It is also alleged that prominent National­ United States aid. The United States au­ clubs and hotels for more than 100 Mem­ ist officials and generals made fortunes in thorities know the whereabouts of the secret bers of Congress. He has campaigned for graft on American !Jans and grants-in-aid bank accounts of many of these officials. legislators, even while registered as a foreign during and since the war against Japan. It They are in London, Paris, Chicago, New agent, contributed to their campaigns, and is probably reasonable to assume that some York, San Francisco, Manila, and Bangkok. sent some of them flowers and at least one of this money Js being used to finance propa-: Certain multimillionaire Nationalists in the a congratulatory present." ganda and similar operations in the United United States are highly fearful the Treasury Senator WILEY. Who was that, may I ask? States chiefly to promote more money being may freeze their holdings. The Nationalists Senator MORSE. Goodwin. given to Chiang and the Chiang forces. have demanded the return of these private "His checks for entertainment have run This suggests to some a closed circuit of fortunes." as h ::_gh as $640." (From the Washington American dollars flowing from Congress to Then I quote also from Marquls Childs' Pos.t, by Benjamin Bradlee, September 18, the Nationalists and back again in the form article of May 5, 1950, in which he says: 1949, extract therefrom.) Now, Mr. Secretary, may I say that I have of lobbying activities for still more money INQUIRY ONCE URGED INTO "CHINA LOBBY" for Chiang. never had any contact or conversations or It is alleged that from 1946 to 1949 the "Both President Traman and Secretary of experience in any way with any person since Central News Agency, a wholly owned instru­ State Acheson have resolutely set themselves I have been in the Senate that would jus­ ment of the Nationalist Government, spent against any investigation of the :::a-called tify my saying that I know anything about in the neighborhood of $654,000,000 to in­ Nationalist China lobby. Urging and prod­ a China lobby from first-hand contact there­ ding from every quarter has met with a firm fiuence 4roeric~n public opinion. with, if such a lobby exists. But I do feel, "No." The belief is that such an investiga­ Mr. Secretary, that there has been so much PAID LOBBYIST FOR CHINA tion would serve chiefly to further the bitter talk about the China lobby, so much has In March 1948 the counselor of the Chinese controversy now focused on American foreign appeared in the press and so much criti- · Embassay, Chen Chihmai, hired William J. policy in 1.he Far East. Any benefits from cii:m has been hurled at you and the State Goodwin as a lobbyist paid by the Natural showing the sources. of paid propaganda. and Department in respect to the same, as some 7706 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JULY 6 of these articles I ha·ve quoted from indi­ STATE DEPARTMENT KNOWLEDGE OF FACTS ON ordinates have, I understand, compiled for cate very clearly, that in the course of this CHINA LOBBY you. hearing an opportunity ought to be pre­ Senator MORSE. Mr. Secretary, do you be­ I do not mean, by that, Mr. Chairman, that sented to the State Department to make any lieve there is any basis of fact in the alle­ this is the last question that I shall ask on· statement that it wishes on the problem gation in the Robert Allen article from which this general issue. _ of a China lobby, if one exists. That is why I read that the names of some considerable I think it is only fair, however, in view of I am pursuing this line of questioning this number of Nationalist Chinese were deleted what the Secretary has said, that he sh ~Uld afternoon. from the white paper because of his claim · be given an opportunity to look at the in­ STATE DEPARTMENT ATTITUDE TOWARD CHINA that they were involved in transactions that formation which has been compiled for him LOBBY showed their involvement in corrupt prac­ in the State Department on the general sub­ ject, and report on it to this committee be­ My first general question-and I will be tices? . Secretary ACHESON. No, sir; I do not be­ fore I continue with my examination here, more specific later-my first general ques­ or elsewhere, on this issue. tion is this: Do you feel that the broad lieve that is true. Senator MoRsE. Do you know of any names Therefore, I will turn to another issue, general -account in respect to the existence Mr. Secretary. of an alleged China lobby which is set forth of Nationalist Chinese being deleted from in the statement I have just made for the the original manuscript of the white paper prior to its printing for any purpose what­ Mr. MORSE. At ·the time the Secre­ record, and in which statement I have quoted tary of State replied· in· effect that he from newspaper accounts that have appeared soever? in the press in the past, sets forth in any Secretary ACHESON. I do not, but I shall did not have any personal knowledge degree whatsoever a factual statement in have inquiry made as to whether any such that he could· give the committee, but respect to the existence of what has gen­ thing was done. that subordinates in the State Depart­ erally been referred to as a China lobby, Senator MORSE. Is there any basis in fact, ment were looking into the flles, and that which seeks to infiuence the policies of this in your opinion, for the assertion made or at a later date he would be in a posi­ Government in respect to support for the implied in some of the newspaper articles tion to advise the committee. Nationalist Government regime? from which I quoted that you as Secretary On the same date, Mr. President, the Secretary ACHESON. Senator Morse, I am of State sought to prevent an investigation not able to answer the question as to whether of what is referred· to as the China lobby? Senator from Connecticut [Mr. Mc­ I do or do not feel that the facts are as Secretary ACHESON. That is not correct, sir, MAHON], who is onP. of the joint authors represented in those statements. in any respect whatever. of the resolution, made a statement to Since you notified me that you were going Senator MORSE. And you know of no such the committee in regard to his views on to go into this subject, I have asked in the De­ activity of repressing such an investigation the China lobby. That statement be­ partment of State that ':Vhatever material we at the White House level; do you? gins on page 2188 and runs over to page have bearing ·upon the possibility of illegal Secretary ACHESON. No, sir; and I do not 2189. I ask unanimous consent to have or improper use of funds should be collected believe that represents the Presid~nt's atti­ the statement appearing on those pages so that I could look at it. I am told that tude. it has been collected, but I have not had an Senator MORSE. I am correct in my under­ of the hearings printed at this point- in opportunity to look at it, and I do not know standing, am I not, that your investigation of my remarks. what sort of thing it indicates at all. whatever the files of the State Department There being no objection the state­ I am told that, for the most part, this ma­ may show in regard to the informatlon data ment was ordered to be printed in the terial is material which comes in in the reg­ which have been compiled by your subordi­ RECORD, as fallows: ular course of affairs from some other agen­ nates on the broad question that I have Senator McMAHON. Mr. Secretary, I hope cies to the Department of State and that it ·raised as to the possible activity of National­ is very fragmentary. As soon as I can get to that you will ·not think it improper if I ists or Nationalist agents in this country will were to suggest to you-and I make the sug­ it I wm look at it. be studied and the study completed by you I agree with what Senator McMAHON has gestion in all seriousness and with respect in time to report to this committee? fo::- your office-that you· consult with the said and what I gather from your remarks Secretary ACHESON. I shall get at it just as that you also believe, and that ls that if President of the United States and perhaps soon as I can, Senator. I am fairly occupied with your brothe::- Cabinet omcers for the there is any improper use of funds to influ­ most of the day with these bearings and a ence the foreign .Policy or any other policy purpose of finding out what is going on in good part of the evening carrying on my reg­ this country with regard to this crowd. of the United States Government, the people ular duties. are entitled to know about it, and it is im­ I think it is of the utmost importance, portant that they should know about it, Senator MORSE. I want to make very clear and I suggest to you, sir, that it is your duty and that it would be a very serious and for the record, Mr. Secretary-- as Secretary of State, on the basis of the deleterious thing for the United States to Senator WILEY. Can't you fellows talk a operations. which have been carried out in have that happen. little louder? this country, to see about these possible vio­ The Department of State· is not the agency Senat.or MORSE. I wish to make very clear lations of criminal statutes. which is charged by law with finding out for the record that an I have sought to do The gold deal that I described to you yes­ these matters, nor is it- equipped for that. in raising this matter is to offer the Depart­ terday is a particularly scandalous thing. We do not have the administration of the ment of State and, through the Department Tile American people are being asked to so-called Lobbying Act and the registration of State, the administration, an opportunity bear heavy taxes in part for economic aid for under the Lobbying Act. We do not have the to put into the record of these hearings any our allies. It is most important that they administration of the foreign agents registra­ information that they have in their files be reassured that the money disbursed is tion law. bearing upon any allegations of lobl.Jying ac­ being use.d for the purpose for which it is We do not have an investigatory source tivities on the part of agents of the National­ appropriated. of the sort which can be used for this kind ist Chinese regime to influence either ap­ And the repetition of this kind of bust .. of thing·. We do not have powers of sub­ propriation legislation or other legislation ness that went on in tb,at gold speculation pena. We do not have the power to admin­ or American public opinion. ls a very, very serious thing. I do not say ister oaths, and we do not have access to There has been so much discussion of lt there is any repetition of that particular financial transactions which would reveal, ·or and so many charges and countercharges kind of transaction, but this crowd is get­ might reveal, some of these matters. that as a lawyer it seems to me the only way ting notorious. It is the subject of talk in We are not in any way equipped nor are to meet such an issue as that is to get it every newspaper establishment that I know we charged with the administration of the on the record if the information exists, and of. if this administration has any such infor­ laws in this respect. So far as I myself am The St. Louis Post Dispatch ran a series concerned, I would not want to make charges mation, I personally think that it owes it to the American people to bring the facts out. of articles upon the subject of this China against people under any circumstances un­ lobby. less it was in my line of duty and unless If there is not such information, then I I believed that the charges had evidence, think that the American people ought to So I do not ask for any answer, but I mere­ substantial evidence, behind them, which I know that, too; and I repeat, I have no such ly suggest to your consideration that you had and which I could vouch for. information. I wouldn't have the ·facilities give thought to pursuing this matter in the I should be particularly careful not to to get it if it existed. I have already stated executive department, and I shall give make any' charges against people who could that I have not been myself contacted by thought to pursuing it in the Congress of immediately respond that I was doing this anyone in regard to Asiatic policy that would tl.e United States. because they were criticizing me. Criticism justify my pinning on them the label or the That is all, Mr. Chairman. is something which I have to bear as an accusation that they were seeking to lobby Secretary ACHESON. I shall consider your occupational hazard and I am quite ready me for the Nationalist Chinese cause. suggestion most respectfully, sir. to bear it, and therefore I cannot respond. But, I am disturbed about it, and I wanted • • • • to the question because to do so goes be­ to at least make a good-faith attempt to Senator MCMAHON. It w111 be brief, Mr. yond my knowledge and would be for me to find out what the Government files can dis­ Chairma:Q. imply that there are 1llegal activities going close on it, if the information is in the file, Mr. Secretary, I would like to be advised of on when I do not have the responsibility for and I shall await whatever information you any activities by agents for the Chinese Na­ that nor do I have the adequate basis for are able to give us on the basis of your ex­ tionalist Government which violate our laws, knowledge. amination of the information that your sub- either as to the law on registration of foreign 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7707

agents or other statute in the United States; subject, all very much along the line of to get together all their mat~rial and bring and if such evidence exists of such violations those which Senator MORSE spoke of the it together so that there can be an immedi­ I would like to be advised by presentation other day. · ate,' c,r as soon as possible, an appraisal of before this committee why they have not There are reports from other agencies such what is known in the executive branch, with been prosecuted. as the CIA, reporting things which have been a view to going forward to legal action if · Senator MORSE. I would like to join in that said to them, and those are sent along to that is provable by what is known, or by request. the other agencies of Government, includ­ conducting investigations further if that Senator 3REWSTER. I would.like to say that ing the State Department. appears to be the proper course to follow, or I very much appreciate the Senator from Thete are. in that file reports of confer­ in making public the situation if that seems Connecticut making this observation; it ences and meetings between ofilcers of the to be the proper course. seems to me very wise. State Department and officers of other de­ He has also authorized me and directed Secretary ACHESON. I shall go through the partments in the Government on that gen­ me to say that he will direct all these agen­ eral subject, which are general summaries cies Of the Government to cooperate to the m aterial that I have in my field whenever of what information the other departments fullest possible extent with any committee I have a chance to do so. have, but very sketchy .in that regard. or committees of the Congress which wish Of course, you understand that I have no There are reports from our own officers to go into this matter for the purpose of in­ authority over the registration of agents. overseas as to what has been said to them forming them what is known, for the pur­ Senator McMAHON. No, Mr. Secretary; but by various people. There are reports which pose of helping any investigation, for the as the first Secretary in the Cabinet, I think have been made to officers of the State De­ purpose of assisting them in coming to a you will agree that you can express to the partment by people who come in and say conclusion as to whether or not they wish President what has been considered here that someone has told them various things. to have one. now. I notice Senator BREWSTER has joined I read all of this material yesterday after­ That, I believe, is a full statement on my Senator MORSE and myself, so it shows that it noon, and with one exception, to which I activities yesterday afternoon in this regard. is more than in the interest of one Senator shall revert in a moment, these are au hear­ Senator SALTONSTALL. Mr. Chairman, that we would appreciate being advised by say statements; that is, they are statements would the Senator yield for a question the executive department not only as to which are made not on the knowledge of either on his time or out of it on that point? what they have, but we would like them to the person making the~. but reporting things Senator SPARKMAN. I am afraid my time get busy and give us the full information which that informant, very often not iden­ is up. How much time do I have, Mr. upon this subject. We regard it-at least, I tified, has been told by others. The ex­ Chairman? think I can speak now for Senator MORSE­ ception to that-well, I will not go on with Chairman RUSSELL. The Senator has 1 we regard it as extremely Important. that. minute. The exception to that is a considerable Senator SALTONSTALL. Just one statement Mr .. MORSE. Then at a later date amount of information in the file which has the Secretary made is not clear to me. He the Senator from Alabama [Mr. SPARK­ to do not with the improper ·use of funds said the President would cooperate. Does MAN ], while examining the Secretary of or proper use of funds to influence opinion that mean the release to any senatorial or State, had this to say, as is found to be but with an alleged attempt to violate the congressional committee of all the papers printed on page 2205 of the record: law against recruiting in the United States in rela'.;ion to this subject in the hands of for foreign armies. There is considerable the Department? Because that is a very Senator SPARKMAN. Now, Mr. Secretary, I vital point. am not going to ask you a great many more direct evidence on that subject in the file. On that point, however, the file ends up Secretary ACHESON. I didn't cross-exam­ questions. Mr. Secretary, I keep hearing a ine the President as to what he meant. l great rteal about the so-called China lobby. with the fact that the person who was en­ gaged in this allegedly illegal activity died, have told you his words to me. I must say that I know noth1ng about it, but Senator SALTONSTALL. Cooperate. almost every time we turn with reference to and that brought to an end that particu­ lar effort. Secretary ACHESON. I am authorized and any new development over the last 2 or 3 directed to say that he has instructed the years, -:-. have heard about qpposition in at This information is not sufficient or would agencies in regard to their own duties as I least one area of our foreign policy, and that not warrant me in making charges of any have already described it, and that he has sort. The information is such that if this is China-that is where it has really grown. or will direct them to cooperate to the · full­ I have heard what you have said here, and I hearsay is correct and can be believed, it est extent with any committee or commit­ am not asking you to restate your situation. would support the charge that there is very tees of the Congress which may want to look As I understand, you have made it very clear, considerable use of foreign funds in the in to this matter. it is uot a function of the State Department United States for the purpose of influencing to make investigations. But I do want to opinion and there is some reason, if this I digress from this quotation from the add my word to what has already been said hearsay is believed, to say that some of these testimony of the · Secretary of State to by Senator MORSE and Senator McMAHON and activities, at least, are not. in accordance say that in my opinion, in his statement others, that this Government ought to utilize with the law; but that would all depend on every power at its command to find out about whether the hearsay turns out to be correct last read, the Secretary of State made it these charges made in this editorial which or incorrect. very clear that if the Congress of the Congressman BID'FETT, of Nebraska, put into In the light of this file, it is quite clear United States wishes · to proceed with the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD back in 1947. that I could not say that there is not such such an investigation the State Depart­ These thin~s ·come out ·in editorials and in use of foreign funds, proper or improper. ment will cooperate in it. We should ac­ the lea 1ing newspapers-in our own Wash­ There is sufficient in this file to prevent me cept the Secretary at his word. I think ington Post this morning, for instance, I from saying that there is not any use of it is a part of the public's business to believe. I hope that something will be done funds. have such an investigation conducted, to find out just what it is that has been at As I say, the material does not warrant work that has developed this screen of con­ charges. The material is of the nature which, for the American people are entitled to fusion and falsehood with reference to the if supplemented by other material, would be know what is unfounded rumor and work of this Government, particularly in useful to the investigating staff, either of an what can be established as facts, in re­ orderly relations with China and the Far executive agency or a committee of Congress gard to the activities of foreign lobbies East. · 1n looking forward into the activities of within our country. Secretary ACHESON. Senator SPARKMAN, this certain individuals and institutions. ·Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will may be a good opportunity for me to make a It is not material which, in any fairness, the Senator yield? statement which I should like to make on ought to be made public, but it ought to Mr. MORSE. I yield. that subject. . be used by an investigating staff to pursue Senator SPARKMAN. I would be very glad their investigation. Mr. KNOWLAND. I should like to ask for you to do so. Already most, if not all, of this has been the able Senator from Oregon if he does Secretary ACHESON. I do not want to go brought to the attention of such investigat­ not believe that, if it is a fact that there into your time, but I will go into it when you ing staffs of the executive branch. If any has been illegal use of funds by any for­ are through. committee of Congress has a staff which eign government, whether it be by the Senator SPARKM ~N. I should like for you to. wishes to go into that, I would be glad to Chinese, the Communists, the British, m ake this available to that committee. Then, Mr. President, the Secretary of the French, or any other government PRESIDENTIAL AUTHORIZATION OF LOBBY which might be named, the Department State, as appears on page 2206, made INVESTIGATION the following comment: of Justice, and perhaps the Department Now, I have also reported to the President of State, have been derelict in their duty Secretary ACHESON. I should like to say of the United States the views of the mem­ in not running down such illegality to that yesterday afternoon I spent the time bers of this joint committee as expressed date? going through the material which has been to me yesterday by the Senators who have collected for me in the State ·Department spoken on the record, and I am authorized Mr. MORSE. I am glad the Senator on this subject. and directed by the President to say to the from California asked the question. I The m aterial consists of several categories. joint committee that he has instructed the think it is unfortunate that a resolution There is a very large collection of newspaper, agencies of· the executive branch having such as mine, calling for a Senate inves­ magazine, and other public articles on the powers and duties in regard to this matter tigation, has to be submitted. It seems 7708 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JULY 6 to me the executive branch of the Gov­ I believe that such an investigation as informing them what is known, for the pur­ the resolution proposes is important in pose of helping any investigation, for the ernment should have conducted such an purpose of assisting them in coming to a investigation on its own motion, a long order to get some facts to the American conclusion as to whether or not they wish time ago. It has not done so. In my people, so that they can be better judges, to have one. opinion that does not justify the United when they go to the polls, as to what is That, I believe ts a full s.tatement on my States Senate in failing to do its duty in in their interest. activities yesterday afternoon in this regard. this matter. In a moment I shall read Mr. CASE. Mr. President, will the a statement from the Secretary of State, Senator yield? I read the colloquy between the Secre­ with which statement the Senator from Mr. MORSE. I yield for a question. tary of State with the Senator from Mas­ California is familiar, because he also Mr. CASE. Does the resolution which sachusetts lMr. SALTONSTALL], appearing was :oresent. This statement was in be­ the able Senator has submitted deal at page 2208: half of the President's promise of coop­ solely with the China lobby, or does it Senator SALTONSTALL. Just one statement the Secretary made is not clear to me. He eration. We at least have the assurance authorize an investigation of the whole said the President would cooperate. Does of the executive department that it will field of improper lobbying by representa­ that mean the release to any senatorial or cooperate with us if we undertake the tives of foreign powers? congressional committee of all the papers in investigation. I am for calling the hand Mr. MORSE. The Senator from South relation to this subject in the hands of the of the executive department. Let us get Dakota stepped out of the Chamber Department? Because that is a very vital the cards down, face up, on the table, when I read my resolution in the first point. and let us see just what is in the hands. instance. I assure him that it is just as Secretary ACHESON. I didn't cross-examine broad as I know how to make it. It the President as to w~1.at he meant. I have Mr. KNOWLAND. Does not the Sen­ told you his words to me. ator feel that to some extent, like.the so­ covers lobbying by all foreign govern­ Senator SALTONSTALL. Cooperate. called Kefauver crime investigation, such ments. It will take me only a second Secretary ACHESON. I am authorized and an investigation would perform a very to read part of one sentence: directed to say that he has instructed the useful service in turning the spotlight For the purpose of determining ( 1) what agencies in regard to their own duties as I into places where the spotlight has been attempts, if any, have been made by any have already described it, and that he has or . badly needed? I cannot help but have individuals or groups of individuals repre­ will direct them to cooperate to the fullest the feeling that there has been consid­ senting the Chinese Nationalist Government, extent with any committee or committees erable dereliction, when conditions of the Chinese Communist Government, or any of the Congress which may want to !ook into other foreign government, to influence the this matter. that kind exist, and when they must be foreign policy of the United States since exposed by a senatorial committee December 7, 1941. Mr. President, I say that we should not rather than by the Department of Jus­ only take the Secretary of State at his tice. In this case, if any government in Mr. CASE. The resolution is pointed word, but that we should take the Presi­ the world has been seeking illegally or toward the so-called China lobby, but it dent of the United States at his word, in dishonestly to use funds for such a pur..; is broad enough to cover any similar accordance with the instructions he gave pose, it seems to me that long since the lobbying activity, is it not? to the Secretary of State, and proceed, Department of Justice should have gath­ Mr. MORSE. The discussion of the through the Foreign Relations Commit­ ered the facts and should have been able China lobby is what gave rise to the reso­ tee or a subcommittee of the Foreign Re­ to conduct prosecutions of persons ille­ lution in the first instance, as I have pre­ lations Committee, to make a thorough gally using such funds. viously stated in my remarks this after­ investigation of the subject matter of Mr. MORSE. I completely agree with noon. However, the instructions to the my resolution. the Senator from California. However, committee do not limit it to the China I wish to refer to certain comments I point out that he and I are not mem­ lobby, but instruct the committee to pro­ which were made by the Senator from bers of the executive branch. We are ceed with the ·investigation of any al­ New Hampshire [Mr. BRIDGES], appear­ Members of the Senate, and we have leged lobby of any foreign government. ing at page 2216 of the transcript of the the duty of seeing to it that our system Mr. CASE. And the Senator does not hearings, with which comments I am in of checks upon the Executive is con­ intend, by the specification of the China complete . agreement now and was in stantly exercised when there is need for lobby, to limit the scope of the commit­ complete agreement at the time the Sen­ its exercise. I maintain that this is a tee's activities? ator from New Hampshire made them. place where a congressional check ought Mr. MORSE. Not only do I not so in­ I read the Senator's comments: to be placed on the Executive, and that tend, but the record of the MacArthur Senator BRIDGES. l would like, Mr. Chair­ a congressional check ought to be ex­ hearings, from which I am now reading, man, as Senator McMAHON and Senator ercised in order to give to the American will show that at that time I did not so MORSE have done, to respectfully ask the people the information to which I think intend, misrepresentaticms by some of Secretary of State, not only to assemble such they are entitled, and which apparently the deceptive writers of the country to material on any influences and pressures that may be brought in behalf of the anti-Com­ they are not going to get unless the tl:e contrary notwithstanding, munist Nationalist Government of China, Senate acts. I continue to qu-0te from the testi­ headed by Chiang Kai-shek, but also on the Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will mony of the Secretary of State, at page influences, people, pressures, and lobby, if the Senator further yield? 2207: there are any, of the Communist Government Mr. MORSE. . I yield. Now I have also reported to the President of China, which is now slaughtering Amer­ ican boys by the thousands, until the casual­ Mr. KNOWLAND. Even under the o~ the United States the views of the mem­ bers of thh:: joint committee as expressed to ties have run to a sum over 174,000 in this modified resolution of the able Senator country. from Oregon, going back to the day of me yesterday by the Senators who have Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941, is it spoken on the record, and I am authorized INVESTIGATION OF ALL FOREIGN LOBBIES not a historic fact-some of us on this and directed by the President to say to the I would respectfully ask that. .r would re­ joint committee that he has instructed the spectfully ask that the pressures and lobbies side of the aisle might say an unfortu­ agencies of the executive branch having and influences of nations first that are nate historic fact, but a historic fact-­ powers and duties in regard to this matter friendly to us such as .Great Britain, such that either the present administration or to get together all their material and bring as France, such as Belgium, such as Holland, its predecessor administration has been it together so that there can be an imme­ and such as Colombia, such as Finland, such in power and in control of the Depart­ diate, or as soon as possible, an appraisal of as Denmark, such as Greece, such as Sweden, ment of Justice and the executive branch what is known in· the executive branch, with such as Iran be included in that group. of the Government during that entire a view to going forward to legal action if I would then again most respectfully ask period of time? that is provable by what is known, or by con­ for the assembling of data on the influences, ducting investigations further if that ap­ the people, the lobpy if there are any operat­ Mr. MORSE. That is a fact. The pears to be the proper course to follow, or ing in behalf of the great international oil Senator from California and the junior in making public the situation if that seems interests in this country which would in­ Senator from Oregon have done their to be the proper course. clude one of the hot spots of the world to­ best to change that situation, but in that He has also authorized me and directed day here in this country. me to say that he will direct all these agen­ respect we have not been successful. cies of the Government to cooperate to the Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ However, I am sure that the Senator fullest possible extent with any committee sent that there be printed at this point froni California has not given up hope, or committees of the Congress which wish in my remarks the remainder of the any more than I have given up hope. to go into this matter for the purpose of statement of the S~natc r from New 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7709 Hampshire [Mr. BRIDGES] with reference going to go into this subject, certainly we and it should be brought into the headlines to the subject matter under discussion, should go into the whole phase and the here in our country and people should know There being no objection, the re­ whole situation. it. · I hope that you will feel, as I do, that it Now, if the time comes when bombs start mainder of the statement was ordered to is essential if we look into one, certainly we dropping on this country from some enemy­ be printed in the RECORD, as follows: should look into others. and we now see American boys being I would respectfully ask that we then as­ It is a very interesting thing to me that slaughtered-but if the time comes when semble material on the influences, the pres­ some of the people in our country seem to we get civilians and cities being destroyed sures and the lobby if any that have been think so lightly of the burrowing. under in here, then I would like to see the record brought in the past and are today brought America today by the people who would de­ straight as to who had a little influence in _for the country of Poland which is pro-Com­ stroy us, and their representatives, their this and who played a part in it-and I munist or Communist country, and for other agents in our country. After all, when the tell you that the feeling will be terrific at countries of similar nature which are going chips are down-and they may be down here that time. on here. in the weeks, the months, the years ah_ead- And if you gentlemen want to know the I respectfully ask that an investigation be 1 think that wot;.ld be a very interesting feeling that there is today in this country, made of those individuals within the Amer­ thing to have on the record. I would like to have any of you gentlemen ican Government, if there are such individ­ I expect to see in the· lives of us here take a trip with me, and you will see the u als, who have in the · past, who are in the around these tables who live a normal life feeling. You just let the show-down come present espousing the cause directly and in­ such a show-down. I hope that it will not here and let some of our industrial cities directly of communism against our better come, and I hope as a result of our action, and potential be destroyed, and you will interests and the policy of the United Stat es, our attitude, our policy, that we can avoid see some people up for treason in our coun­ and ask that appropriate action of firing an outright show-down. But it may come, try-and if there is anything lower than them or prosecuting them be taken. and if it comes let's have the record straight, treason in our country, I do not know what I think, Mr. Chairman, that if the thing complete on the record of just who we have it is. And if they are not up for treason is gone into then we ought to go into it all. in this country bringing influence for as­ they will be up for accessories or aides to I would like to see not only our friends and sistance. treasonable persons. allies investigated, but our enemies. I would like to see them, .if they are doing · We gentlemen sitting around these tables I want to say that when we start to in­ this, go way back to the UNRRA program now, if we live normal lives, may see that­ vestigate our friends and allies, that we in­ and find out-UNRRA did have some good and let us get the record straight on that vestigate all our friends and allies. I want qu~lities, but on the other hand, who didn't all along the line. to see our enemies investigated and the pro­ take the precautions to see that Russia and So, I have made ·of you in the sam~ man­ Communist influences in this country the Russian Communist satellites used it to ner as made by Senator McMAHON of Con­ brought out. their own ends. That is certainly one of the necticut, and Senator MoRsE, a request for Now it is a terrible thing if we have in bases in that. this; that ls, for all this information on all this country groups which are allowed to And anyone who had their eyes open in of this thing, and insofar as they have re­ operate which are jeopardizing the very life the American Government and didn't see to· quested it about the Hed· China lobby, so­ and security of America, and to me that is that, certainly· if they didn't know it, then called, or about any illegal activity-or any­ more important than the investigation · of they certainly know. it today. it has vitally thing that they have done here in this coun­ affected our whole situation there. try that is wrong-anything-I think it an ally with which we are furnishing aid should be exposed, but also certain people and assistance today. But if we are going INVESTIGATING BOTH ALLIES AND ENEMIES exposed at the same time. That is all, sir. to investigate those kind, then I want these So, Mr. Secretary, and very respectfully, if other countries that have been so success­ we are going to do this, let's do the whole Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, a read­ ful in getting billions of dollars of Ameri­ picture and let's· make our prime object our ing of the record will show that I was can aid brought into the open. enemies and the people who are responsible in complete agreement with the sugges­ I just want to say, Mr. Chairman, and for the influences who are responsible for most respectfully to the Secretary, that un­ tion 4that all lobbies should be investi­ putt:.ng America in this war economy we gated, and that the investigation be not less we do that, the whole thing will be a are in today, putting the terrific drain on farce. There is plenty of information, as the taxpayers of this country, the people who limited to the so-called China lobby. most of you gentlemen know, and I am sure are responsible for killing thousands of I believe the resolution speaks for itself. . the Secretary does, of the activities of some American boys, and others wounded, until The material which I have inserted in of these countries and their representatives they total today more casualties than we had the RECORD today from the MacArthur and the influence they bring to bear here. combined in the Revolutionary War, the War hearings adequately supports the resolu­ I think it is most essential if we go into of 1812, the Mexican War, the Spanish-Amer­ tion, and justifies early action on it by it, that it all be brought out. I would like ican War, which was begrudgingly admitted the Committee on Foreign Relations. · to see how those individuals are paid. I here by one of the previous witnesses--that would like to see who they employ. I would, we hav.e had almost 172,000, and now ·there . I sincerely hope that at an early date like to see former. individuals in the Ameri­ are 175,000 casualties. the chairman of the Committee on For.; can Government who resigned, severed their Let's get a little attention to our enemies. eign Relations will take up my resolu­ connections, who are now found represent­ However, if we are going to go in and tion in a meeting of the committee, and ing foreign governments a~d foreign inter- start investigating our friends-and if they that the committee will reach the de­ ests. . have done anything improper, I certainly cision at least to proceed with an inves­ There is a very interesting list. They will feel it should be investigated and they be tigation of foreign lobbies by a subcom­ ring a bell pretty well through this country. exposed. I am for this. But I want all of mittee, if the full committee does not [ would like to see the legal firms that rep­ these influences investigated, all of these wish to undertake the investigation. I resent these countries or their various in­ countries, and I want the people who are terests in this country brought out. playing it up. am inclined to believe that a more ex­ I would like to see all these things, and And you will find some very startling facts, peditious handling could be accomplished If we are going to have an investigation, I because you will find that people who have if the investigation were conducted by agree with the Senator from Georgia, Mr. been very high in the Aqierican Government a subcommittee. I respectfully urge GEORGE, that it should be full and compre­ and who have since disassociated themselves upon the members of the Foreign Rela­ hensive, and I think it will produce some are some of the ones representing them. tions Committee that such a subcommit­ very startling results, but any investigation You will be amazed at some of the legal tee be appointed at a very early date. limited to a particular group who happen firms who are representing them and who The resolution (8. Res. 170) submitted to be our allies at the moment and have been are getting huge fees for it, and I think that by Mr. MORSE (for himself and Mr. ·Mc­ in the past, which we have been supporting, picture should be brought to the attention and not look into our enemies and not look of the American people. MAHON) was referred to the Committee into our other allies who have been so suc­ When we start talking about one thing, on Foreign Relations as follows: cessful to the tune of billions of dollars of when that one thing happens to be-I don't Resolved, That the Committee on Foreign getting help from this country in my· judg­ know of any China lobby, but if ther.e is Relations, or any duly authorized subcom­ ment would be a farce and a travesty on one, and if it is doing anything illegal, mittee thereof, is authorized and directed justice. certainly it should be exposed. But if they to make a full and complete study and in­ There are a great many people who would are not doing anything illegal, they are vestigation for the purpose of determining be glad to cooperate to that end. certainly helping carry out the policy of (1) what attempts, if any, have been made Now, I would like to have you, Mr. Secre~ the United States of America today. And by any individuals or groups of individuals tary, just as you were . requested on the the people who call the Chinese Commu­ representing the Chinese Nationalist Gov­ other-and I make my request in all sincerity nists merely agrarian reformers, who have ernment, the Chinese Communist Govern­ and very respectfully to you on those things, done everything they can to directly and ment, or any other foreign government, to and I realize that I have included quite a indirectly give America a false sense of se­ influence the foreign policy of the United number in this, and there are many more curity as far as the Chinese Communists States since December 7, 1941, and (2) the besides what I have included. But.if we are are concern.ed, that should be brought out, ~xtent and means, includin~ methods of 7710 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JULY 6 financing, of any such attempts. The com-· of this subcommittee, made a diligent the high regard of all members of the mittee shall report to the Senate at the search to find an attorney who, while con:imittee, of both parties, for that em­ earliest practicable date the results of its. in study and investigation together with such trained and experienced labor law; ployee. recommendations as it may deem advisable. was not employed by or indebted to : So, Mr. President, I say that I believe SEC. 2. For the purposes of this resolution, either labor unions or employers. He that broad interpretations should be the committee, or any duly authorized sub­ succeeded, and appointed Mr. Ray R. made in applying -the conflict of interest committee thereof, is authorized to employ Murdock, of the District of Columbia, statutes, but it should be pointed out upon a · temporary basis such technical, Bar, as counsel to the subcommittee. that Mr. Murdock cannot accept employ­ clerical, and other assistants as it deems ad­ The best testimonial to Mr. Murdock's ment without violating at least the spirit visable. The expenses of the committee conscientiousness, industry, and effec­ of these statutes. under this resolution, which shall not exceed $50,000, shall be paid from the contingent tiveness, is the fact that, when the new To remedy this situation, Senator fund of the Senate upon vouchers approved subcommittee was constituted in the Thomas, of Utah, introduced during the by the chairman of the committee. present Congress, it was moved by the last session Senate Joint Resolution 180, ranking Republican member and sec­ exempting Mr. ~Murdock's employment APPOINTMENT OF COUNSEL FOR SUB- onded by the ranking Democratic mem­ from these sections of the code. The COMMITTEE ON LABOR AND LABOR­ ber that Mr. Murdock be reappointed as joint resolution was referred to the Judi­ MANAGEMENT RELATIONS counsel. ciary Committee, which promptly and Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I desire In private practice, Mr. Murdock pros­ unanimously reported it favorably. It now to make a few brief comments on ecutes claims against the Federal Gov­ was passed by both Houses of Congress an entirely different subject matter. ernment. He does not lobby either be­ without dissent, and was approved by They are comments which I have de­ fore Congress or the administrative the President. sired to make for some time but which agencies. He does not represent any When the new subcommittee was re­ I have not been able to make because contractor with the Federal Govern­ constituted in January of this year and I did not get the floor of the Senate at ment. The claims he prosecutes are the when the motion for the appointinent a time that I tpought was appropriate individual claims of private citizens, and of Mr. Murdock was made and seconded for them to be made. all of them are prosecuted in the United as I have previously indicated, he wa~ The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. States Court of Claims. He does not urged to do the work and assume the WELKER in the chair). The Senator . practice before the National Labor Re­ r esponsibility attached to the position of from Oregon may proceed. lations Board, or any other Federal counsel, and was given assurance that Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I desire a gency having jurisdiction over fabor his employment would again be ex­ to call the attention of the entire Sen­ relations. empted from the conflict of interest ate to a matter which, it seems to me, It will be seen that technically Mr. statutes. In other words, Mr. Murdock reflects upon the fairness of this great Murdock is affected by the so ... called was given a solemn promise that he body. It also seems to me it is particu­ "conflict of interest" statutes, viz, sec­ would be employed if he would do the larly appropriate that I should discuss tions 281, 283, and 284 of title 18 of the work, and that he would be compensated this matter now, when the Senate is United States Code. That is, because he for his services. I was a party to that continually expressing its interest in the prosecutes claims against the Govern­ promise. Every member of the full com­ honesty and morality of Government ment, he cannot be a Federal employee mittee was a party to the promise. In officials, and when a subcommittee of without special exemption from these pursuance of this promise, the distin­ this distinguished body, under the.bril­ statutes. guished senior Senator from Montana liant leadership of the senior Senator In fact, as every member of the Com­ [Mr. MURR:\YJ, on January 23, 1951, in­ from Illinois, is holding hearings on a mittee on Labor and Public Welfare troduced Senate bill 630, which now is resolution designed to bring into being knows, there is no actual conflict of in­ on the calendar. Its prompt enactment a code of ethics by which we can meas­ terest between Mr. Murdock's private into law would have enabled the sub­ ure the decorum and propriety of the practice and his employment as counsel committee to fulfill its promise to Mr. conduct of Members of the Congress and of the Senate subcommittee; but be­ Murdock. The bill was promptly re­ the executive branch of Government. cause of the broad interpretation of the f erred to the Senate Judiciary Com­ It seems to me that politics on the statutory language-and I firmly believe mittee. one hand, and indifference on the other, that it should be interpreted so as to The Judiciary Committee did not act have involved the Senate in a situation give it the widest possible scope-he can­ on the bill for some time, in spite of the which beclouds the credit of this body, not accept employment without violat­ urgent requests of practically all mem­ . Briefly the facts are these: ing at least the spirit of these statutes. bers of the Labor and Public Welfare The Subcommittee on Labor and Mr. President, I wish to emphasize that Committee. However, some time in Labor-Management Relations, like its point. I am not arguing that the stat­ March, the bill was referred to a sub­ predecessor in the Eighty-first Congress, utes do not apply to Mr. Murdock. They committee of which the senior Senator is investigating labor-management re­ do apply to him, and I think the only way · from Maryland [Mr. O'CoNoRJ was lations in interstate industry. For these that he can be hired by the subcommittee chairman. The subcommittee, I am in­ investigations, the subcommittee re­ is for the Congress to pass the bill which formed, without dissent, favorably re­ quires the services of a counsel expe­ will make an exception to the statutes in ported the bill to the full committee; rienced and skilled in labor law. Most the case of his employment, a practice in and on April 17, the full committee re­ of the attorneys who have had experi­ which we have engaged heretofore and, ported it to the Senate. The report is ence in labor law are retained either by as I shall show in a moment, a practice No. 252, and I urge all Members of the employers or by labor unions, and thus in which we adopted in the last session Senate read the report. It reproduces a have been paid to adopt and maintain of Congress, in the case of Mr. Murdock letter from the Senator from Montana a biased, rather than impartial, view himself. [Mr. MURRAY] to the chairman of the with respect to labor law. Human na­ Let me also say that I support the bill Judiciary Committee, briefly setting ture being what it is, their approach to which would give the relief to which Mr. forth the reasons why the Labor and labor problems is subjective and preju­ Murdock is clearly entitled, in my opin­ Public Welfare Committee regards the diced, rather than objective and open­ ion, on the basis of the service he has reemployment of Mr. Murdock as de­ minded. Such an attorney, if employed rendered and the fine performance he sirable and urgent. From that letter, I by the subcommittee, would be under has given the Committee on Labor and quote the following: strong incentive to be less the unbiased Public Welfare, because, so far as I know. The subcommittee had learned that it was advisor of the ·subcommittee and more all members of that committee, Repubii­ extremely dimcult to find a competent law­ the advocate of his long-standing clients. cans and Democrats alike, have the high­ yer familiar with and experienced in labor­ Having in mind these facts, and know­ est regard for Mr. Murdock personally relations law who had not been retained ing that human nature does not change and for the caliber of his fine services to either by labor or management, and who simply because it is suddenly transported could therefore serve the subcommittee ob­ the committee. In other words, the Sen­ jectively. Finally, we found such an attor­ into the Capitol, the distinguished sen­ ate has before it, so far, as I know, a re­ ney, Mr. Ray R. Murdock, of the District of ior Senator from Montana who, during quest for relief for this particular em­ Columbia Bar, with whom you are ac­ the Eighty-first Congress, was chairman ployee of a Senate committee, backed by quainted. However, the large part of Mr. 1951 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7711 Murdock's private practice involved claims an early motion, a bill which ought to be the bill and for a full disclosure on the against the United States Government, and considered and passed in the interest of part of the other members of the Senate he was therefore ineligible to serve the sulT­ to commi ttee under the provisions of sections doing what is right .and just an em­ Committee on Labor and Public Welfare 281, 283, and 284 of title 18, United States ployee uf the Senate who, through the of their participation, as the junior Sen­ Cotle. Senator THOMAS, of Utah, chairman action of one of the standing committees ator from Oregon has disclosed this of the Senate Committee on Labor and Pub­ o! the Senat-e, has been doing very fine afternvon his participation, in the events lic Welfare, therefore intrC>duced Senate work as an emploYet f <>r that particular which resulted in the employment of Joint Resolution 180, to suspend until De­ committee, but bas not been drawing Mr. Murdock, the use of his services dur­ cember 31, 1950, the application of the af.Ore­ any pay for months past. ing the past 6 months, and, finally, the said sections to the subcommittee's coun.sel, introduction and recommendation by the and that resolution was, of course, referred This bill which, as I have said, has the to your committee. I called the whole mat­ omcial endorsement of every member of Judiciary Committee of Sen~te bill 630. ter to your attention in a letter dated June the Senate ·Oommitree on Labor and INVESTIGATION OF' ALLEGED ACTIVITIES 19, 1950. You and your committee were very Public Welfare, Republicans and Demo­ OF POREIGN GOVERNMENTS TO INFLU­ cooperative and promptly reported out the crats alike, has now been reached on the ENCE AMERICAN F10REIGN POLICY resolution. Yem will .recall that it passed Calendar several times. On each occa­ both He.uses and was approved by the sion, however, without stating the na­ Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I President. ture of the ob]ection, an official objector desire to . read into the .RECORD at this Mr. Murdock became counsel to the sub­ has had it passed over, with the result time a letter which was issued by the committee on July 13, 1950. Since that that no-action has teen taken on it. I am Communist Party of New York State date the subcommittee has completed a tre­ under date of March 1, 1949, as follows: mendous amount of work. It has thor­ not informed as to who is objecting to COMMUNIST PARTY OF oughly investigated labor relations in the this bill, or the nature of the opposition. NEW YORK STAXE, Beu· Telephone Systeni, the east-coast oil­ I do know from my perEonal experience tanker industry, the southern textile indus­ New York, N. Y., March 1, 1949. as a member of the subcommittee that To All Sections and Counties: try, and in other involved fields too numer­ there can be no objection which is hon­ DEAR COMRADFS: Enclosed please '.find pro­ ous to mention. Exhaustive hearings have estly based either upon the character or been b.eld, and reports of vital importance gram for action on China policy, as voted to the Committee on Labor and. PUblic Wel­ the service of Mr. Murdock. A grave in­ upon by a united...;fxont-action conference on fare, and. Congress have been pre!i>ared and justice unl'lecoming the S~ate is being China held. in' New York on January 29, '1949. We are sure tht you will .find this mate­ filed. · done to Mr. Murdock. I respectfully submit that the majority leader should rial not only informative but helpful in plan­ lt is unanimously agreed by all members ning actions on China in your communities. of the subcommittee and by everyone who is proceed without further delay, by mo­ A special outline bas also 'been issued by familiar with the work of the subcommit­ tion, to make Senate bill '630 the unfin­ the national education committee on Com­ tee, that Mr. Murdock has done an out­ ished business of the Senate. munist policy in China. This can be se­ standing job and has rendered invaluable Ur. Murdock has not teen and cannot cured through orders from our district edu­ service to the Senate. 1 have person.ally ob­ be employed by the subcommittee unless cation department. The outline •can be served that all members of the staff have used as the basis for discussion in your sec­ worked with unusual zeal and conscien­ S. 630 is enacted. He has not been com­ pensated since the 31st 'Of December tions and branches. tiousness under Mr. Murdock's supervision. Any inquiries in relation to further activ­ The Senate Committee on Labor and Pub­ 1950. Nev-ertheless, during this entire ity can be received by writing to the Com­ lic Welfare will, of course, continue its period of 6 months, his services have mittee for a Democratic Far Eastern Policy at studies of labor-management relations. been commanded. his skill and expfil"i­ 111 West Forty-second Street, New York Lity. These problems, as you well la;low, take on ence have been exploited, bis time has Comradely yours, added significance in view of the tension of been consumed by the subcommittee. MAY MILLER, the international situation. The commit­ He has, to the personal knowledge of the Assistant Organizing Secreta171. tee feels., therefore, that Mr. Murdock ought to be retained as coun-sel, and unanimously members of the committee, worked full Included with the letter, sent to all instructed me to introduce and sponsor leg­ time everyday, including Saturdays and sections and counties of the Communist islation which would again suspend the ap­ many Sundays. He has worked over­ Party of New York State, under date, as plication of the aforesaid sections to Mr. time, and has been available whenever I have previously mentioned, of March 1, Murdock. I believe you will agree that it and wherever any member of the com­ 1949~ there was included the following: seldom occurs that all members of a CQIIl­ mittee desired his services. PR09t.AM FOR ACTION ON CHINA Pol.ICY AS mittee are so well satisfied with the services in of a prefessional employee. He actively participated the long SUGGEST.ED BY THE ACTION CONFERENCE ON hearings we conducte<;i. covering a period CHINA POLICY, NEW YORK CITY, JANUARY Mr. President, at this point let me of a great many days, in connection wiith 29, 1949 stare that it may be that the Senate the railroad -controversy. which took up l'ROGRA:M: OBJECTIVES committee is entitled to censure for em­ so much time of the committee during 1. Demaml a congressional investigation: ploying its counsel before it obtained an this session of the Congress. One has A. Of the Chinese lobby in Washington. exception to the statutes, but in that but to read the transcript of that record One of the largest spending foreign influences case let the Senate censure the commit­ to recognize the ability displayed in the in our Capital; not registered as foreign tee. I submit that it is not fair, and it examinations by this highly competent agents. B. Of the billions of dollars of private is nQt right for the Senate to let Mr. attorney, whose services the committee accumulation deposited in American banks · Murdock be the sufferer in the premises, has made use of during this period of and investments by Chinese officials and if it be true that, in the opinion of the 6 months, although he has not received individuals. Senate, . the Committee on Labor and any pay. He has not received any pay 2. Demand a new China policy: Public Welfare followed a course of ac­ because the bill which would make it A. An end to all forms of American inter­ tion which it should not have followed. possible for him to receive his pay has vention in China and of plans to aid any However, I am perfectly willing to let been bottled up on the Senate Calendar. eiements and remnants of the Kuomintang. The Senate Committee on Labor and B. Preparation by our Government to rec­ the committee take its chances on the ognire the Government which the people of matter of whether it should be subjected Public Welfare is deserving of the sup­ China are now establishing. to censure, if the bill is allowed to come port of the full membership of the C. Planning now by our authorities for to the floor of the Senate for a vote. Senate in this matter. Mr. Murdock is genuine and seli-respecting cooperation with In view of the comments m~de today deserving not only of his pay, but of the people's government in China, includ­ by the distinguished majority leader in fair treatment by the Senate. A con­ ing normal and friendly trade relations free regard to the work of the Senate at this tinuation of the present injustice which of any political conditions. session, I wish respectfully to suggest is being done Mr. Murdock would be un­ 3. Get the facts and implications of the conscionable conduct on the part of the Government's China policy to the American that here is a bill which has been kept people. bottled up on the calendar, in my opin­ Senate._ ion, long beyond the time when it should Therefore, I respectfully urge that the I merely wish to say, as a member of have been allowed to come to the :floor majority leader at an early date make the same committee as the one to whi.ch of the Senate for discussion and for vote. Senate bill 630 the unfinished business the able Senator from Oregon belongs, So I respectfully suggest to the majority of the Senate. I think it will take a which went into the far-eastern policy, leader that this bill gives him an oppor­ relatively short time for a full discus­ that he made it very clear fi·vm the in­ tunity ~o offer to the Senate,.by way of sion of any objections there may be to ception that his resolution providing for XCVII-486 .7712 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JULY 6 an investigation would include not only in our government. We did not feel that vestigation of the China lobby, has noth­ what illegal influences, if any, were ex­ it would work." ing to do with the record of the junior ercised by the Government of the Repub­ In my opinion the Government of the Senator from Oregon in regard to this lic of China but also by the Communist Republic of China was correct in not issue. elements who have also had a very active accepting the Communists into the gov­ Mr. KNOWLAND. To the contrary, I part in attempting to influence Ameri­ ernment. When they refused, we placed would say I think it supports the Sen­ can policy, and that the resolution was an embargo upon them for a period of ator, because it shows that in that field sufficiently broad to include other gov­ almost 8 months. During the same 8 there may have been forces at work ernments, which also perhaps may have months the Soviet Union was in occu­ which played a considerable part in attempted to influence American public pation of Manchuria as a result of the trying to influence coalition government. opinion. secret Yalta agreement, which was made Mr. MORSE. It is interesting to note I am glad the able Senator from Ore­ without the knowledge or consent of the that the Communist protocol which the gon has submitted his resolution, broad­ American people, and without the knowl­ Senator read does not contain a sug­ ening it so as to include the elements edge or consent of our wartime ally and festion that we investigate Chinese Com­ which, for a period beginning long before old-time friend, China, under which munist lobby activities, which I am all the date in early 1949, mentioned by the there were turned over to the Soviet for investigating. I am glad the Sena­ Communist Party of New York as March Union the Manchurian railroad and the tor brought that out. When we are deal­ 1, 1949, were actively at work in an at­ - ports of Port Arthur and Dairen. That ing with ideas, the problem frequently is tempt to undermine the Government of enabled the Soviet Army to occupy a that because some persoT'. of a reprehen­ the Republic of China, to permit portion of Manchuria, so that they, in sible nature discusses an idea that may, 450 ,000 ,000 people of China, who had turn, could turn over the captured Japa­ in and of itself, be perfectly proper, there been our historic friends and allies, to be nese arms and equipment to the Chi­ is a danger that anyone else who even taken behind the iron curtain; where nese Communists. The general belief is ciiscusses that idea is thereby labeled; mass liquidations are taking place every that that was the turning point in the through the process of attempting to day; where the vast contributions of Chinese civil war. prove guilt by association of ideas, as Amerfoan educators and American reli­ I think we were very naive in some having some of the attributes of the gious organizations are daily being liq­ of the agreements into which we en­ reprehensible person. uidated by communism in China as has tered. If we read the Yalta agreement, Mr. President, I am very appreciative been done in every other nation of the it will be found that there was discussed . of what the Senator from California has world where the Communists have had a the building of democracy and the es­ said for the RECORD this afternoon. It chance to fasten their hold upon the tablishment ef free elections in Poland. nails that one to the mast, so far as con­ people. That, Mr. President, was ridiculous. The cerns any possible implication that the The only point I wish to make today is idea of the Soviet Union is entirely dif­ resolution introduced by me for the in­ that we, of course, have a hindsight to­ ferent from that of th_e free world. Rus~ vestigation of foreign lobbies, including day which, perhaps, makes it easier for sia puts her own interpretation on the the China lobby and the Communist us than for some who were dealing with words "democracy and free elections." China lobby, in any way imputes any this problem currently; but it seems to We place the customary interpretation association with the authors of the me that one of the fallacies of our for­ on them. When the Soviet Union had protocol from New York. eign policy has been that, while we were an opportunity to bring about a coali­ I thank the Senator for giving me this closing the door to communism in Europe t ion of Communist forces and the Gov­ time in w11ich to make that perfectly we were leaving the other door wide open ernment of Poland, they stayed only long clear. to communism in Asia. Communism is enough to liquidate the Polish leaders Mr. KNOWLAND. I am delighted to destructive of human liberty in Asia as and take over the country. They operate do that, and I only wish to say to the it is in Europe. Coalition with commu­ as termites in every country in the world Senator from Oregon that I am sorry nism has not worked at any place in the for the purpose of destroying constitu­ that he will not be a member of the world. It did not work in Poland, where tional government and human liberties. investigating committee, because I am the democratic leader Mikolajczyk had It was very naive for our country to sure he would devote as much attention to flee for his life. It did not work in think that communism would work any to investigating Communist activities in Bulgaria, where the democratic leader better in Asia than it did in Europe. I connection with undermining the Gov­ Petkov was hanged. It did not work in want the RECORD to be complete in show­ ernment of the Republic of China as he Rumania, where the King was given would to the other phases of the investi­ about an hour's ultimatum to change his ing that as far back as 1949 there was an active Communist lobby in this coun­ gation. I only hope that if and when the government, regardless of the consti­ try that was attempting to build a gen­ subcommittee is appointed in the For­ tution. eign Relations Committee, which, I un­ The American Government, as a mat­ eral feeling that the Chinese Commu­ nists were only agrarian reformers, that derstand is the committee to which the ter of policy, was strongly urging the resolution has been referred, in the in­ Government of Italy not to take Com­ they represented some new kind of de­ mocracy there, when, as a matter of fact, terest of fair play the committee will munists into their government, because give some attention and equal attention the Government of the United States ap­ they r: presented in China only the same to that phase of the situation, rather parently recognized by that time that in kind of totalitarianism t.hat communism than striking out at the groups that may Europe a coalition with communism represents all over the world. have been active in the interest of pre­ would not work, while at the same time Mr. MORSE. Mr. President,_will the serving China as a non-Communist and the policy of the State Department and Senator yield? free republic. of the Government of the United States Mr. KNOWLAND. I yield. Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I have was to urge the Government of the Re­ Mr. MORSE. I thank my colleague exactly the same hope, and such is clear­ public of China to take Communists into from the West coast, the Senator from ly the intent of my resolution. I should a coalition. California, for the fairness which has like also to say, while I am on my feet, When I was in China in November typified his remarks with respect to the with the permission of the Senator from 1949, I visited Chungking just 2 days junior Senator from Oregon, which is California and of the Senate, that the before that city fell to the Communists. characteristic of all of our relationships. observation which the Senator has made One of the leaders of the Republic of I particularly appreciate his pointing with regard to mistaken American poli­ China, in discussing the situation rela­ out that from the very beginning I have cies in Asia for some years past are views tive to a proposed coalition government, taken the position that although the which, as he knows, I have shared. The when it had been stated that coalition issue of the China lobby was the incident RECORD of the Senate is clear that on had not worked in any of the satellite which gave ri::::e in the MacArthur hear­ 'many o-ccasions I have stood up and sup­ states in Eastern Europe said, "Senator, ings to a discussion of foreign lobbies, I ported the Senator from California in we have an old saying in China that you have been in favor, from the beginning, his criticisms of the great mistakes which cannot have coalition with a tiger un­ of an investigation of all lobbies. The I think the State Department has made less you are inside the tiger. That is fact that some . communistic protocol in connection with our Asiatic foreign why we resisted the blandishments of has come out of New York or elsewhere, ·_policy. I started doing. it in July 1945, your Government to include .Communists which lists as a propaganda line an in- when I made a speech deploring what I 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. SENATE 7713 thought was a great mistake in not rec.­ parallel; and anyone who knows . the portation by street railway and bus of school ognizing the provisional Government of history of invasions knows that one of children going to and from public, parochial, the steps taken by a potential aggressor or like schools in the District of Columbia Korea. I did it later when I deplored the at not more than one-half the cash fare partition of Korea, and I said at that is always to clear an area on his side of established from time to time by the Public time that we were partitioning the free­ the border to prevent intelligence info~­ Utilities Commission for regular route trans­ dom of Korea and giving Russia the foot­ mation from rea<:h!ng the victim of the portation within the District of Columbia, hold in Asia for which she was looking. iP-vasion. and shall (,Stablish rules and regulations Mr. KNOWLAND. I will say to the Mr. MORSE. I agree with the obser­ governing the use thereof. No fares for Senator that I think the historic facts vation of the Senator from California. school children shall be available to persons will bear me out that the same policy I made the same point in many speechP.s over 18 years of age. of urging a coalition upon the Govern­ across the country in months gone by, Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, the ment of the Republic of China was being but I think it is important to reempha­ principal purpose of this bill is to au­ fallowed in Korea, and we had instructed size it in the RECORD from time to time. thorize the Public Utilities Commission our military commanders in Korea to The fact is that our Goverriment knew of the District of Columbia to fix the take in what were loosely called the dem­ that Russia was followinrr the same pat­ rate of fare for the transportation by ocratic elements. But when we care­ tern in NC'rth Korea that. she followed street railway and bus of school children fully examine the directives under which in every satellite country she ever took going to and from public, parochial, or they operated, we find that the demo­ over. We had notice of what the Rus­ like schools in the District of Columbia, cratic elements, so-called, included the sian pattern was before we jcined with at not more than one-half the cash fare Communists. In Korea the same situ­ her in the partition of Korea. It was a established from time to time by the ation would have occurred if the Com­ mistake to join in the partition, but Public Utilities Commission for regular munists had been included in a coalition. having joined in it we certainly cannot, route transportation within the District I think they would have gone in only as history will prove, justify the course of Columbia. The bill also provides that for the purpose of· destroying the gov­ of action we followed in South K -:>rea no fares for school children shall be ernment. They were not able to get in thereafter when we left it in a weakened available to persons over 18 years of age. in that way because the Soviet Union cond:'.. tion, knowing full well the great I am introducing this bill at the re­ would not permit them to "play ball," strength the Russians were building up quest of the Capital Transit Co., in which not because the government would not in . certain Florida citizens have substantial have welcomed them in, but because the Mr.· KNOWLAND. I will say to the investments, but only after careful study Soviet Union would not permit them to Senator, in conclusion, that I hope we of th~ situation by which I have become go in. As a result, in the elections ap­ are not going to repeat some of the same thoroughly convinced that the subject proximately 95 percent of the people of mistakes, and I trust the negotia~ions matter should be dealt with promptly by the Republic of Korea, in the area south which are to begin tomorrow will bring an act of Congress along the lines of of the thirty-eighth parallel, voted non­ a peace with honor, and not on a peace­ the bill which I have introduced. Communist. I think there was less than at-any-price basis, because if we are not In order to· get the factual and legal 5 percent who cast a vote which could careful there could be a far-eastern background of this matter I have con­ be even slightly described as being a Munich in that area of the world, which sulted with the Public Utilities .Com­ Communist vote. When they found they would reconstitute the Communists in mission of the District of Columbia. At could not ope:-:-ate, since they did not North Korea, allow the Chinese Com­ this point I incorporate in the RECORD have the strength in , they munists to go unpunished for their ag­ as a part of my remarks a letter which bided their time, built up their military gression, and leave them in such a posi­ I received from Commissioner Spencer strength, and in June of last year pre­ tion that at a later date, perhaps in not­ under date of May 29, 1951, at follows: pared for the overt type of aggression the-too-distant future they could repeat DEAR SENATOR HOLLAND: In accordance with which communism will be prepared to their aggression, and possibly the next your telephone request regarding the school use whenever it cannot by infiltration time completely overwhelm the poor fare in the District of Columbia, I have de­ ·destroy the free governments of the people of the ~epublic of Korea. veloped the following facts which I believe world. RECULATION OF FARES FOR TRANSPOR- will explain ~he situation. Mr. MORSE. As they built up their A brief history of the 3-cent school fare is strength in northern Korea we withdrew TATION OF SCHOOL CHILDREN IN THE that it was originated by Public, No. 733, ours in southern Korea, and we an­ DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Seventy-first Congress, approved February 25, nounced to the world that our front line Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, I ask 1931, wherein the Public Utilities Commis­ unanimous consent to introduce for ap­ sion was directed to fix a reduced fare for of defense woult:l not any longer be so school children not to exceed 3 cents. In ac­ located as to protect that part of Asia. propriate reference a bill to provide for cordance with this act, the Commission is­ Mr. KNOWLAND. I will say to the the regulation of fares for the transpor­ sued, on March 3, 1931, its order No. 898, fix­ Senator at that point that while the tation of school children in the District · ing a 3-cent school fare and the terms and Soviet Union was equip pin& the forces of Columbia. I request unanimous con­ conditions under which· it would be issued. in North Korea as an invasion force sent at this time to liave the bill printed Public Resolution No. 47, Seventy-second with tanks, with planes, and with heavy in full in the RECORD, at this point, as Congress, approved J[_nuary 14, 1933, in para­ artillery, we were limitiug our help to a part of my remarks. graph nineteenth, directed the Public Utilities Commission to fix the rate of fare the Republic of Korea to a constabulary There being no objection, the bill at 3 cents for school children not over 18, force. We did not give them a single (S. 1813), to provide for the regulation and further stated that the act approved airplane, we did not give them a single of fares for the transportation of school February 27, 1931, should b~come inoperative tank. I will also sa.:; to the Senator from children in the District of Columbia, upon the acceptance of the unification Oi·egon on my responsibility as a United introduced by Mr. HOLLAND, was received, agreement. However, as the 3-cent school States Senator that our Government read twice by its title, ref erred to the fare had been established under order No. was amply warned in advance that that Committee on the District of Columbia, 898, no further action was taken by the Com- type of a build-up was taking place in and ordered to be printed in the RECORD, m1ss10n. I In order No. 3688, issued June 28, 1950, on North Korea. So there was no reason as follows: page 36, this Commission made a special find­ for the Government of the United Sta.tes Be it enacted, etc., That notwithstanding ing of fact: to be taken by ·surprise when the invasion the provisions of the joint resolution entitled "2. The 3 cents school ticket fare was es­ ·occurred. "Joint resolution to authorize the merger tablished by act of Congress in 1933. Since I do not mean to indicate by saying of street-railway corporations operating in that time, the cost of service, and other fares, that that they knew that on a precise the District of Columbia, and for other pur­ have increased substantially. It is, there­ date in June of last year the invasion poses," approved January 14, 1933, and the fore, apparent that this fare does not com­ would take place, but I do say that they provisions of the Unification ~greement in­ pensate the company for the cost of service corporated thereip, and notwithstanding the rendered and imposes an undue burden upon had ample warning that tanks and provisions of the act entitled "An act to other users of the service." planes and heavy equipment were being provide for the transportation of school chil­ furnished to the North Koreans. They dren in the District of Columbia at a reduced I digress long enough to say, Mr. Presi­ had at least some notice that an area fare,'' approved February 25, 1931, the Public dent, that that is the official finding of some 5 kilometers wide was being cleared Utilities Commission of the District of Co­ the Public Utilities Commission of the on the north side of the thirty-eighth lumbia shall fix the rate of fare for trans- District of Columbia, to the effect that •

7714 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JULY 6 the 3-cent fare does not compensate the first full calendar year, 1934" subsequent Kansas City: The Kansas City Public Serv­ company for the cost of the service ren­ to the formation of the Capital Transit ice Co. charges 5 cents for children :UP to 12 years of age. It also has a 50 cent weekly dered, but instead imposes an undue Co., was 6.15 cents before return. The permit for students through high school. burden upon other users of the service. cost, therefore, in 1934 of carrying school This permit allows the children additional Continuing with the letter from Mr. children during the year was $259,409, rides, outside of school hours, upon pay­ Spencer: which meant a loss to the company, be­ ment of 5 cents a ride. At the time of the initiation of the 3-cent fore any return on investment, of Milwaukee: The Milwaukee Electric Rail­ school fare, the adult rate of fare had been $132,868. way and Transport Co. charges 7 cents or fixed by the Supreme Court of the District According to Capital Transit, the cost four tokens for 25 cents for children up to of Columbia on appeal from an order of this of carrying a passenger for the year 1950 12 years of age. It also has a weekly pass Commission granting a 10-cent cash-4 to­ averaged 11.58 cents before return. As for 75 cents for students through 18 years. kens for 30 cents fare on the line of the Capi­ previously stated, the number of school The student's rate is effective between the tal Traction Co. and the Washington Rail­ hours of 7:15 a. m. and 4:45 p. m., Monday way & Electric Co., effective July 23, 1930. fares collected in 1950 was 9,056,941. through Friday. . This fare structure remained substantially Thus the loss in 1950 before return was Minneapolis: The Twin City Rapid Transit the same until November 3, 1937, except that $777,086, or nearly six times the loss Co. of Minneapolis has no children's rate in order No. 12.10, dated November 25, 1933, resulting from the use of school fares in but has a 10 cent student's rate for children this Commission established free transfers 1934. There is no reason to believe that through high school. This rate is effective and the weekly pass. the number of school children taking between 7:30 a. m. and 4:30 p. m. Monday I am enclosing copies of the above-men­ advantage of the 3-cent fare will de­ through Friday, and is effective all day Sat­ tioned orders covering both the adult fare crease in the immediate future. urdays, Sundays, and holidays. schedule and school fares. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Transit Co. has If we can be of any further assistance in Apparently one of the reasons in the no children's rates but sells 10 tokens for 75 this matter or any other public utility mat­ past which has compelled the Capital cents to students. These tokens are effec­ ter we would be glad to do so. Transit Co. to request increases in other tive between the hours of 7 a. m. and Yours sincerely, :fares is the loss suffered in carrying 5:30 p. m. KENNETH W. SPENCER, school children at the "3-cent fare. The Pittsburgh: The Pittsburgh Railways Co. Commissioner. company believes that the rate which has no children's rates as such but has a 7J cent weekly pass for students through I do not ask to have printed in the has been in existence for more than 20 high school. This pass may be used on RECORD the voluminous copies of the . years should now be changed to absorb school days between the hours of 6 a. · m. orders of the Commission which are re­ some of the annual losses in carrying and 4:30 p. m. The Pittsburgh Railways f erred to ln this letter. They are merely such school children, and it seems to me Co. has no children's or student's rates for that such a course is both equitable and their through busses. incorporated by reference. St. Louis: The St. Louis Public Service It is thus completely clear that al­ necessary. At this point I ask unanimous con­ Co. has a rate of 5 cents for children to 12 though clothed with ample authority to years of age. This rate does not apply to fix other fares for travel on street rail­ sent to have printed in the RECORD as a express busses, fares on which are 10 cents ways and busses within the District, the part of my remarks a memorandum for children. There is a 75 cent weekly pass Public Utilities Commission, by the in­ from the Legislative Reference Service for students which is good• on school days :fiexil:lle provision of existing law, has of the Library of Congress, which lists from 7 a. m . to 4 :30 p. m. This pass may been precluded from effecting any ad­ the fares charged to children and stu­ be used at other times upon payment of an justment whatever of the 3-cent fare dents by transit companies in other additional 5 cents per ride. for school children, which has remained cities. · I ask leave to incorporate the Mr. HOLLAND. The memorandum in effect since March 10, 1931, or more full list, but I brief the list to Members shows that the rates prevailing in those than 20 years. of the Senate who are present by stating cities run all the way from 5 cents per During the same time, other rates that this report of the Legislative Refer­ trip to 10 cents per trip, as will appear have so increased that I understand that ence Service of the Library of Congress from the specific facts found and re­ the regular adult rate of transportation shows the school fares prevailing in ported by the Legislative Reference fare now in effect in the District of Co­ Baltimore, Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, · Service of the Library of Congress. himbia is 15 cents cash or three tokens Kansas City, Milwaukee, Minneapolis, For example, ~o mention only two or for. 40 cents. Also weekly passes may Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and St. Louis. three of the specific rates, in the neigh­ be purchased for $2. There is every in­ There being no objection, the memo-· boring city of Baltimore the charge is 7 dication that a request for an increase rand um was· ordered to be printed in the cents, both for children up to 12 years in regular fares is imminent. RECORD, as follows: of age and for students through high To compare briefly the rates appli­ REPORT ON TRANSIT FARE SCHEDULES FOR school. In the case of Milwaukee the cable in 1931 with the rates at this date, CHILDREN AND STUDENTS IN VARIOUS LARGE charge is 7 cents, or four tokens for 25 . I think it would be fair to say that tokens CITIES cents. .In the. city of Minneapolis the cost 7% cents each in 1931, and that Baltimore: The Baltimore Transit Co. charge is 10 cents, and that rate is ef­ they now cost 13% cents each. · charges 7 cents both-1'or children to 12 years fective only between 7:30 in the morn­ Again I wish to emphasize that this of age and for students through high school. ing and 4: 30 in the afternoon on Mon­ bill is for the purpose of granting author­ Chicago: The Chicago Transit Authority charges 7 cents for children up to 12 years days through Fridays, and is effective ity to the Public Utilities Commission of age. The 7-cent rate is also applicable to all day on Saturdays, Sundays, and holi­ to fix rates for school children, but it students cin weeks days· for the hours up to days. specifically places a ceiling on the au­ 6 p. m. This latter rate applies only to stu­ The appropriate rates for all the other thority of the Commission to fix such dents of accredited parochial and public cities are shown by the list, and I shall rates at not more than one-half the schools. It does not apply to college not weary the Senate by referring to cash fare established from time to time students. . them specifically at this time. Suffice by the Commission for regular route · The Chicago Motor Coach Co. charges 5 it to say that in every city comparable transportation. cents for children up to 12 years of age. It also charges 5 cents for students providing in size with Washington, the school fares I am advised by Capital Transit that they are not over 17 years of age, and are charged for school children largely ex­ in 1934, the first full calendar year of traveling between 6 a. m. and 6 p. m. on ceed those which are charged in the Dis­ operations by Capital Transit there were school days, and that they present an iden­ trict of Columbia under existing law, 4,218,032 school fares collected at this low tification card. which my bill would allow to be cor­ .rate. Sixteen years later, in 1950, the Cleveland: The Cleveland Transit System rected by allowing the matter to be heard number of school fares at this low rate charges 5 cents cash or 6 tokens for 25 by the Public Utility Commission and was 9,056,941. The number of school · cents for children up to 12 years of age. allowing rates to be fixed, just as in the children now carried is thus more than Students through high school may purchase case of other rates, except that the ceil­ a weekly pass for 60 cents which is effective twice the number carried in 1934. It between 6 a. m. and 6 p. rh. on school days. ing or limitation upon such rates would . is quite obvious that when the 3-cent Detroit: The Detroit Department of Street be 50 percent of the adult rates. fare was established, costs were very Railways has no children's rates as such but Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ low in comparison with costs today. charges 5 cents for students through high sent to have printed in the RECORD at Capital Transit advises tha.t the aver­ school for trips between 7 a. m. and 5 p. m. this point as a part of my remarks an age cost of carrying a passenger in the on school days. excerpt from an ~rticle which appeared 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7715 in the Washington Sunday Star of Au­ "Every public utility doing business with­ tive requirement for a 3-cent school fare gust 6, 1950, written by Mr. Jesse C. in the District of Columbia is required to would prevent the Commission from grant­ furnish service and facilities reasonably safe ing any kind of relief. However, under sec­ Suter. and adequate and in all respects just and ti?n 411, "if upon such investigation the There being_no objection, the excerpt reasonable. The charge made by any such rates, tolls, charges, schedules, or joint rates was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, public utility for any facmty or services fur­ shall be found to be unjust, unreasonable, as follows: nished, or rendered or to be furnished or insufficient, or unjustly discriminatory, or CIVIC PROBLEMS, CIVIC BODIES-WASHINGTON rendered, shall be reasonable, just, and non­ to be preferential or otherwise in violation AND THE 1950 CENSUS; SCHOOL FARES A discriminatory. Every unjust or unreason­ of any of the provisions of chapters 1-10 of MISSING FACTOR a";Jle or discriminatory charge for such fa­ this title," normally under such a situation cility or service is prohibited and is hereby it would be handled by the Commission. (By Jesse c. Suter) declared unlawful. Every public utility is In absence of the necessary authority be­ SCHOOL FARES AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN RATE hereby required to obey the lawful orders of cause of the school-fare law there is nothing PROBLEM the commission created by chapters 1-10 of to prevent the matter being urgently In the face of a recent increase of fares this title." (Title 43, ch. 3, sec. 301, D. O. brought to the attention of Congress for on the lines of the Capital Transit Co., there Code, 1940 ed.) . remedial legislation. Under section 417, an is threatened an early company demand for MORE LIGHT ON SCHOOL FARES openin~ appears for the company to make a a further boost · if the Potomac Electric complamt to the Commission and urge that Power Co. is permitted to raise its rate on . PUtting aside the discussion of this ques­ it officially seek a cure for this gross inequity current supplied to the transit company. tion from a largely academic viewpoint, and through proper legislation. The transit company has already asked to be dealing instead with facts and figures, 1s made a party in the forthcoming Potomac more illuminating and may suggest a practi­ Mr. HOLLAND. Without wearying Electric Power co. rate case before the Public cal solution. the Senate by quoting the article in full During the calendar year 1949 the Capital Utilities Commission. Transit Co. collected 8,989,243 3-cent fares I wish to read two paragraphs. The first In the recent proceedings on the transit is a quotation by Mr. Suter from a star company's rate increase, the 3-cent school from school riders. This represented a fare, established by act of Congress in 1933, money value of $269,677.26. The average editorial which had appeared earlier in was merely mentioned and apparently not full-price fare at this time is qver 13 cents per the issue of June 29, 1950, and which considered as a factor in the solution of the passenger. This indicates an estimated loss I read, as follows: rate problem. The Commission then said: 'on each school fare of about 10 cents, or, using the 1949 figures, a total of nearly $899,- The Commission's critical comments on "It is apparent that this fare does not com­ the 3-cent fare for school children are well pensate the company for the cost of service 000. The Star editorial and other editorials on the subject have referred ·to the special justified. The concession to school children rendered and imposes an undue burden school rate of fare as a subsidy borne by it pointed out, puts an unfair burden on ali upon other users of the service." However, other passengers. But the PUC can do noth­ there was no indication that the school fare other riders through the imposition of a higher rate. ing to correct this inequity. The 3-cent fare of 3 cents was given any consideration or a Viewing this matter another way, it ap­ was fixed by Congress in 1933-at a time remedy suggested. when the regular fare was 7Yz cents. It has Whether it be the rate of fare or the rate pears that this subsidy of nearly $899,000 rep­ resents an added cost to the txt.nsit company. not been increased since, despite the higher of return on the valuation determined by cost of providing this transportation. If the PUC, the 3-cent fares of school children The special-school-rate law was enacted by Congress in 1931 in response to a popular de­ school children are to have a special rate are a factor which in equity should be con­ the subsidy should not be borne by the com~ sidered. The Star editorial. of June 29, 1950, mand crystallized in a vigorous and well­ publicized campaign. It was then apparent . pany or by its patrons. It should be borne ·stated: that a substantial portion of the community by the public at large, through a govern­ "The Commission's critical comments on mental subsidy. the 3-cent fare for school children are well favored a special low-rate fare for the chll· dren going to and from school. A very natu· justified. The concession to school children, ral question arises as to who should subsi­ The other paragraph which I wish to it pointed out, puts an. unfair burden on all dize these riding schoql children, and it has read is the conclusion of the writer of the other passengers. But the PUC can do never been considered and decided as to article, Mr. Suter, in which he shows nothing to correct this inequity. The 3-cent whether the burden should fall upon the rather clearly the contrast between the fare was fixed by Congress in 1933, at a time community or the transit company. when the regular fare was 7Yz cents. It has provisions now affecting rates charged If this is a clearly defined community ob· not been increased since, despite the higher ligation and is to be handled by the transit school children in the District and the cost of providing this transportation. If other provisions of law applicable to school children are to have a special rate, company for the community, there should be the subsidy should not be borne by the com­ adequate compensation for the company's public utilities and the fixation of rates pany or by its patrons. It should be borne heavy loss of revenue. in general. I quote: by the public at large, through· a govern­ If the Capital Transit Co. is considered to The law creating the present Public Util­ mental subsidy." be entitled to reimbursement, the next prob­ ities Commission clothes that body with The law creating the present PUblic utm­ lem to be confronted is to find the most broad powers minutely described as to valua­ ties Commission clothes that body with feasible method. To cover such an amount tions of properties of public-utility colll­ broad powers minutely described as to val­ by an appropriation from the Publlc Treas­ panies used and useful in the operation of uations of properties of public utillty com­ ury would beyond a doubt be most unpop­ their business. Upon determining such val­ panies used and useful in the operation of ular among citizens' groups and in Con­ uation the Commission is charged with the their business. Upon determining such val­ gress. A more simple ·and painless plan responsibility of fixing rates for services uation the Commission is charged with the might be for Congress, by appropriate legis­ which will yield a fair return on the valua­ responsibility of fixing rates for services lation, to authorize an equivalent credit tion o1Hcially established. The enactment which will yield a fair return on the valua­ against the heavy District taxes imposed an­ by Congress of the 3-cent school fare, under tion o1Hcially established. The enactment nually on the Capital Transit Co. the acts of 1931 and 1933, is a direct contra­ by Congress of the 3-cent school fare, under These taxes include 3 percent on gross vention of the general powers of the Com- the acts of 1931 and 1933, is a direct contra­ street-railway receipts, 8 mills per mile on mission under the law. . vention of the general powers of the Com­ bus operation, motor-vehicle license taxes, mission under the law. gasoline tax, real-estate taxes, unemploy­ Mr. President, I wish to emphasize the The District Code first quotes the provi­ ment-compensation taxes, District income last statement by reading it again: sion of the act of February 25, 1931, and tax, and other miscellaneous District of Co· The enactment by Congress of the 3-cent then in a compiler's note quotes the act of lumbia taxes. These District taxes alone school fare, under the acts of 1931 and 1933, January 14, 1933, as follows: "The PUblio aggregated during the year 1949 more than is a direct contravention of the general pow­ Utilities Commission shall fix the rate of $1,300,000. A credit of more than $800,000 ers of the Commission under the law. fare at 3 cents for school children not over would make a substantial reduction in the 18 years of age, going to and from public, amount of .District taxes paid annually by Mr. President, in the effort to get at parochial, or like schools in the District of the company and might :figure conspicuously the facts, I have gone into this matter Columbia, and shall establish rules and reg­ in determining fares and return. in detail with the Public Utilities Com­ ulations governing the use thereof. • • •" There is an apparent reluctance on the This enactment replaced the act of 1931, part of the Capital Transit Co. and the PUC mission and the Capital Transit Co., and which become inoperative upon the comple­ to inaugurate and actively urge remedial also to some extent with the school au­ tion of the unification of the District's pub­ legislation to remove the inequity of the 3- thorities of the District. I have likewise llc transportation system. cent rate for children going to and from discussed it with the distinguished Sen­ From the publlc-utilities law, which shows school. ator from West Virginia [Mr. NEELY], the complete lack of harmony between the Section 408 of the public-utilities law ap• school-rate legislation and the fare-rate uni­ pears definitely to authorize the PUC to in­ chairman of the Senate Committee on formity required by the law, there is quoted vestigate in any respect unreasonable or th~ District of Columbia, the distin­ a pertinent paragraph: unjustly discriminatory rates. But the post- guished Senator from South Carolina 7716 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JULY 6 [Mr. JOHNSTON], ranking majority mem­ Mr. WATKINS. The other figure sory education, as I understand. When ber of the committee, and the distin­ need not be changed? I spent some time in the Navajo coun­ guished chairman of the House Commit­ Mr. HAYDEN. No; because all limi­ try, I found that students would stay tee on the "District of Columbia, Mr. Mc­ tations on personal services are based in school 1 day, perhaps, and then go MILLAN, of South Carolina, all of whom upon a 10 percent reduction in admin­ back home. In other words, there is no seem to feel that it is highly appropriate istrative personnel, as set forth in the compulsory educational program pro­ at this time to consider legislation on budget estimates. vided, and the parents are under no ob­ this matter. Mr. WATKINS. Mr. President, I will ligation to send their children to school. Further, it seems to me particularly accept the modification of my amend­ Is that correct? necessary for the Congress to go into ment. Therefore, it will go only to line Mr. WATKINS. Conditions in the this subject at this time in view of the 8, on page 12. Navajo reservation in the last few years recent strike, the resulting substantial Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, will have changed. The Navajo parents increase of operating costs, and the gen­ the Senator yield? themselves now desire educational op­ eral opinion that the whole rate struc­ Mr. WATKINS. Yes. portunities for their children. When ture of the Capital Transit Co. must Mr. FERGUSON. How much would the busses, which take the Indian chil­ be carefully reexamined. The rates the amendment add to the bill? dren to school, called at the collecting charged in other cities, according to the Mr. WATKINS. $144,750. It is for stations during the first year, even information furnished me by the Library the purpose of operating the Intermoun­ though the children had not had an op­ of Congress, a copy of which I have al­ tain Indian School at Brigham City, portunity to see what the school was ready inserted as part of my remarks, Utah, to the full capacity of 2,150 pupils. like, several hundred more Indian chil­ clearly show that the rates for school At the time the budget was prepared it dren collected at the stations than it was children in the District of Columbia are was thought that the school could take possible to take care of. considerably lower than the rates care of only 2,000 pupils. The amount Last year the superintendent of charged in other American cities com­ of $144,750 would take care of the addi­ schools told me that at Shiprock alone parable in size to Washington. tional students. The general overhead some 300 Indian students, in addition In asking for the reference of this for heat and light would be the same, to those that had been designated to go bill to the Senate Committee on the Dis­ with some minor exceptions. It is for to school, were at the bus station ready trict of Columbia, I express the strong the general operation of the plant, which to go to school. They have had no dif­ hope that early and thorough hearings was originally an Army hospital. It has ficulty in keeping the children in school. may be held to the end that this legis­ been turned over to the Indian Bureau. lation, either as submitted or in such Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, will They want to go to school. Instead of form as may be indicated by the hear­ the Senator yield further? the 5,000 children to whom the Senator ings to be most wise and equitable, may Mr. WATKINS. Yes. from Arizona has called attention as be passed at an early date so that any Mr. FERGUSON. Will the Senator being without facilities for education, general early rate revision which may advise the Senate why the amount was there are more than 12,000 students on be required may include a study and not included in the budget estimates? the Navajo Reservation who should be revision of the rates for school children. in school. We have not provided the Mr. WATKINS. At the time the facilities, notwithstanding that 80 years INTERIOR DEPARTMENT APPROPRIA­ budget was made up, the improvements ago we entered into a solemn treaty with TIONS, 1952 had not been completed, so it was not the Indians to furnish them with 1 possible to take care of the full capacity The Senate resumed the considera­ schoolroom and a teacher for every 30 tion of the bill

Douglas amendment below- Senate Douglas Agency Purpose Budget committee amendment Budget Senate committee

National Park Service~------Maintenance and rehabilitation of physical facilities ______$7, 396, 500 $7, 369, 790 $6, 500, 000 $896, 500 $869, 790 Do ______------~-- Construction ______------___ ------_____ ------11, 975, 000 11, 370, 000 10, 370, 000 1, 605, COO 1, 000, 000 Fish and Wildlife Service_------Management of resources ______6, 870, 000 6, 606, 5f8 6, 000, cco 870, 000 606, 558 Do ____ ------______Investigation of resources ______------4, 046, 000 3, 858, 986 3, 500, 000 546, 000 358, 986 22, 90.0, 000 21, 300, 000 20, 000, 000 2, 900, 000 1, 300, 000 5, 500, 000 4, 600, 000 3, 000, 000 2, 500, 000 1, 600, 000 ~~Do~~~C:/ ______::~~a1;1;;n.~======~ ------______-aiiiie~ai-iii-~estig-ati

Project breakdown of Douglas amendment to construction and rehabilitation figure of the Bureau of Reclamation

Senate Douglas Saving below Saving below Project Budget House committee amendment budget • Se~l~t~m - Remarks

All-American Canal, Ariz.-Cal!L------$180, 000 $1, 772, 330 $2, '..63, 000 $180, 000 $2, 783, 000 Hold to budget. Cachuma, Calif ______11, 150, 000 9, li08, 180 10, 000, 000 9, 000, 000 $2, 150, 000 1, 000, 000 Slow down construction. Central Valley project, California ______38, 750, 000 32, 204, 210 33, 870, 000 31, 170, 000 7, 580, 000 2, 700, 000 Do. . Columbia Basin project. Washington ______27, 900, 000 25, 672, 090 27, 000, 000 24, 400, 000 3, 500, 000 2, 600, 000 Do. Missouri River Basin : Phase A. ______------______----- __ ------_- -- ___ _ 46, 056, 600 38, 507, 950 40, 491', 800 36, 499, 800 9, 556, 800 4, 000, 000 Do. Phase B------3, 525, 000 'l, 852, 450 3, 185, 000 I, f.85, 000 1, 840, 000 1, 500, 000 Slow-down planning. Phase C ______--- ___ _ 3, 500; 000 2, 852, 450 3, 000, 000 1, 500, 000 2, 000, 000 1, 500, 000 Do.

TotaL------~------27, 126, 800 16, 083, 000

EXPLANATION OF DOUGLAS AMENDMENTS TO Mammal and bird reservations, $1,837,763- The Senate committee made little change H. R. 3790 increase of $168,250. in the figure, recommending $3,858,986. I A. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, MAINTENANCE AND River basin studies, $263 ,442-increase of believe we can save another $358,000 on these REHABILITATION OF PHYSICAL FACILITIES $49,382. investigations expenditures. The budget request for this item of $7,• Control of predatory animals and injurious E. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 396,000 was only slightly reduced by the Sen­ rodents, $939,199-decrease of $12,328. The budget request for this item of $22,- ate committee to $7,369,790. This appro­ Soil and moisture conservation, $97,151- 900,000 is broken down as follows: priation is divided almost equally between same as 1951. Topographic surveys and mapping, $8,930,- building and utilities on the one hand and The Senate committee slightly reduced 000-increase of $1,650,000; geological and roads and trails on the other of these two, this request to a figure of $6,606,558 by a 10 mineral resource surveys and mapping, the maintenance of roads is probably the percent cut in personal services and denying $6,130,000-increase of $1,720,000 to provide more important. funds for river basin studies. I believe we for acceleration of mineral resources studies, My amendment would set this figure at can save another $606,558 by denying all increased scope of investigations of mineral $6,500,000 which would be a saving of $869,- increases requested amounting to $427,000 fuels, expansion in general service geologic 790. The cut should be allocated so that and squeezing the total program down by mapping, and remodeling space in Denver $500,000 is applied to buildings and utilities $180,000, or about 3 percent. Federal Center; water resource investiga­ with the lesser cut of $369,790 app~ied to D. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, INVESTIGATIONS tions, $6,015,000-increase of $797,000 above roads and trails. This cut would amount to OF RESOURCES the current year basis; soil and moisture con­ only 12 percent in an item for maintenance. The budget request for this item of $4,046,- servation, $41,000-no increase; classification B. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, CONSTRUGTWN 000 is l;>roken down as follows: of lands, $354,000-increase of $31,000; super­ The budget request for this item of $11,- .Research on fish and fisheries, $1,990,971- vision of mining, oil, and gas leases, $910,- 975,000 is broken down as follows: increase of $141,598 to provide for expanding 000-$65,000 increase to provide operating staff 25 percent-greater than in 1944 to han­ Parkways, · $5,825,000-Baltimore-Washing­ West Coast Pilchard Fishery investigations dle workload 200 percent greater; general ton Parkway, $4,200,000; Natchez-Trace Park­ and to cover investigations authorized by new legislation. administration, $520,000. way, $800,000; Suitland Parkway, $825,000. · The Senate committee recommended $21,- Roads and trails, $3,000,000, as estimated. Exploration, development, and utilization 300,000 for this item. My amendment would Buildings and utilities, $1,400,000, as esti­ of fishery resources, $1,580,330-increase of save another $1,300,000 and still allow over mated. $86,650 to expand program on basis of new $1,100,000 above last year's figure. This will Acquisition of lands and water rights, $1,· legislation. permit a substantial increase for topographic 750,000. Research on birds and mammals, $474,- surveys and mapping which are needed, espe­ Four million one hundred and fifty thou­ 699-increase of $11,750, includes studies for cially in Alaska. But it will stop all other sand dollars is for liquidation of prior con­ administering Migratory Bird Treaty Act and increases requested. tract authority. The Senate committee cooperation with States and universities to I should also like to point out that waste slightly r ~ duced the request to $11,370,000. give training in wildlife management. exists in this agency. The Williams Repcrt denying $500,000 for new roads and trails The ·House cut this request to $3,875,000 as on the Geological Survey (H. Rept. 2457, projects. I believe we can save another $1,- the result of an amendment offered by Mr. issued last year, p. 117) says this about it: 000,000, applying the cut primarily to roads SMITH of Virginia, who pointed out that this "THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY and trails but also in some degree to the amount is the same as the sum provided last other items. "The relationship of the Geological Survey year. He objected to a 150-page booklet, on with the Department is unique. It operates C. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, MANAGEMENT gloss · paper and with lithograph cuts, on almost separate and apart from the Depart­ OF RESOURCES racoons in North and Middle America, as ment, and there is little knowledge con­ The budget request for this item of $6,· well as to other publications and the time cerning its operation at the secretarial level. 870,000 is broken down as follows: spent in their preparation. Mr. H. CARL Its organization is made up of :four highly Administration of fish and game laws, ANDERSEN stated that the Service had shown professionalized divisfons, which are prac· $1,624,636-increase of $78,091. a stubborn and uncompromising attitude in tically independent of each other. Propagation and distribution of food fishes, its relations with the sportsmen of Minne­ "The Geologicai Survey has paid little at­ $2,107,809-increase of $181,632. sota. tention to the Department's efforts to de- 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7719 centralize its activities closer to the scene ence a plan which is now awaiting comments. gation by 10 percent, we can sav~ another of its operations. It chooses to remain the This planning work can be cut back dur­ $2,700,000. most centralized activity within the Depart­ ing a period of defense mobilization, and my ment; yet each of the divisions maintains amendment would cut the request to $3,000,- 4. COLUMBIA BASIN PROJECT, WASHINGTON separate administrative services, including 000, saving another $1,600,000. The sum of $27,900,000 ls requested by the budget, personnel, accounting, and procure­ budget for this project, which is estimated ment services. Each division has its own G. BUREAU OF RECLAMATION, OPERATION AND to cost in total as presently authorized $715,- supply room; and its scientific equipment, MAINTENANCE 100,000. The Senate committee reduced this although consisting of many of the same The budget request for this item is $16,- request to $27,000,000. To date $414,033,000 items, are kept separately in the so-called 385,000, of which the Senate allowed $16,168,- has b_een provided. The agency presentation central warehouse. Equipment and sup­ 594. I believe that here we should hold states that the program for fiscal year 1952 plies are procured at seven different points to the House figure of $15,094,000 and save provides for continuation of work scheduled in the headquarters organization. another mlllion dollars in this overhead to be under way at the end of the current "An attitude of intolerance toward good item. fiscal year and commencement of additional administrative practices pervades the or­ H. BUREAU OF RECLAMATION, GENERAL ADMINIS• construction essential to achieving estab­ ·ganization. The following quotation, taken TRATIVE EXPENSES lished program goals. The agency points from a report submitted to the subcommit­ The budget request for this item ls $6,000,- out that the power shortage in the Pacific tee by the Survey, serves to 1llustrate this 000. However, the House committee has Northwest remains acute and that comple­ attitude: received reports of inefficiencies and over­ tion of power and related multipurpose fa­ " 'In a highly technical engineering and staffing in several parts of the country. cilities at Grand Coulee Dam is of primary scientific organization, such as the Geologi­ Hoarding valuable personnel, including engi­ importance. However, by reducing funds cal Survey, recognition must, of necessity, be neers and technicians whose efforts might allocated to irrigation by 10 percent we can given to the difference between operating better be applied to defense effort is in­ save another $2,600,000. problems (involving scientific skills) and ad­ excusable. Reduction of construction and 5. MISSOURI RIVER BASIN PROJECT ministrative, or housekeeping problems. other reclamation projects makes it impera­ Awareness of this distinction is of prime The data furnished by tlie agency indi­ tive that Bureau reduce administrative and cates that this project as presently author.­ importance. For example, in many agencies other personnel, and take firm action toward the organization and management staff can ized will cost $3,140,000,000. Of this amount consolidating regional and district organiza­ some $271,000,000 has already been provided be used interchangeably on either program tion and eliminating duplication. The Sen­ or administrative problems, but not in the an'd the sum of $58,673,600 is requested in ate committee has recommended $5,478,203, the budget for fiscal year 19fi2. Survey. In the Survey, however, the usual but I believe we should be able to save an­ type of operations and management analyst other million dollars in this item which is Phase A-Construction: The budget re­ would be of no use if confronted with such strictly overhead. quest for phase A is $46,000,000 which was a technical problem as how best to perfect reduced to $40,500,000 by the Senate com­ the accurate measurement of flood flows I. BUREAU OF RECLAMATION, CONSTRUCTION AND mittee. through a survey of critical data after the REHABILITATION The presentation states that the funds re­ flood has occurred. Such problems must The budget request for project construc­ quested will provide for the substantial com.:. be left to the employees who have com­ tion totals $223,690,000, of which the Senate pletion of the Boysen Dam and power plant, petence in the many highly specialized fields committee recommended $208,334,450. This Key Hole and Cedar Bluff Dams, and the of scientific endeavor which touch upon the huge sum includes a great many power Lrigation facilities of the Cartwright, Fort Survey's operational programs. Because of projects essential to the defense effort. Clark, and N-Bow-N units. Several trans­ this need for technical specialization, the However, I believe we can save another $16,- misshri lines and substations will be com­ Survey must assign the improvement of pro­ 000,000 by slowing down construction of p~eted and ple<;ed in service. Construction gram techniques to its technical divisions. Lme of the irrigation projects and making will be continued on sevei'al projects now This necessary and practical arrangement substantial reductions in planning funds. under way. The statement continues that precludes the segregation or formalizing of The following projects would be affected construction a~tivities will be initiated on any segment of a program staff to devote by my amendment: the irrigation facilities of the Sadie Flat, full time to personnel management improve­ Crow Creek, and Sidney units. In addition, 1. BOULDER CANYON PROJECT, ALL-AMERICAN final design and specifications will be under ment activities. No study has ever been CANAL SYSTEM, ARIZONA-CALIFORNIA made of the portion of the total time that way on several units and the assembly of operating personnel spend in management Approximately $61,000,000 has been made dee':n data and development of unit plans improvement. The very fact that the Sur­ available for this project which will cost ap­ will be continued on a number of others. vey, throughout its expansion, has not only proximately $67,000,00. The requirements The Crow Creek unit of the Three Forks been able to keep its head above water, but for fiscal year 1952 are estimated in the division, Montana, is estimated to cost has increased its reputation for professional budget at $180,000. The funds are requested $1,550,000 and $100,000 of the total amount competence, is ample evidence of the exer­ for minor betterments to the desilting works requested for the Missouri River Basin would cise of such considerable ingenuity that and for maintenance during construction. be used for letting a pumping-plant-equip­ many a formalized staff in a static agency This would appear to be primarily a mainte­ ment contract and the preparation of design would proudly claim it as savings attribu­ nance item. However, both the House and and specification in fiscal year 1952. The table to management improvement. For the Senate committees increased this amount sum $581,900 ls requested for the Sadie Flat example, when the agency first undertook to by including funds for the Coachella water unit, estimated to cost $2,094,000. The funds test a sudden great increase in the number district raising the amount above the budget would be used for completion of design and of samples of ore, for the presence of ura­ figure. My amendment would retain the specific::tions, award of contracts, and ini­ nium, it took highly skilled employees 2 budget figure and save $2,800,000. tiation of construction of the pumping weeks to make a single test. With the new 2. CACHUM PROJECT, CALIFORNIA plants, canals, and laterals. For the Sidney techniques and equipment which were then The sum of $11,500,000 is requested by the unit, Yellowstone divieion, Montana, $521,- developed it is possible for subprofessional budget for this project estimated to cost 000 is requested for the project, estimated to personnel to test a sample in 2 minutes. $31,520,000. The Senate committee reduced cost $920,000. In addition to preparation The saving represented by the number of this request to $10,000,000. Over $13,500,000 of plans and designs for the pumping plants, employees who would have been hired if have been provided thus far. The purpose canals, and laterals, construction would be the new technique had not been developed of the project is to provide additional water initiated on these featt~c. No defense jus­ is significant. Here again, management ex­ to maintain existing irrigation, suburban, tification of these three units is given. By perts could not have devised the most effi­ and urban developments and to permit fu­ applying a 10-percent reduction to these cient method. The improvement was worked ture expansion for the city of Santa Barbara construction costs we can save another $4,- out by the technical staff.' and water districts in the environs. The 000,000. This whole cut should be ap~lied "Here is a fertile yet difficult field for works are scheduled for completion in fiscal to irrigation features. management improvement." year 1953. I believe we can reduce this fund Phase B-Units being prepared for con­ F. BUREAU OF RECLAMATION, GENERAL by another million dollars without harming struction: The sum of $3,525,000 is requested INVESTIGATION our investment there. in the budget for thece units estimated to have a total construction cost of $768,955,000. The budget request for this planning item 3. CENTRAL VALLEY PROJECT, CALIFORNIA Phase B work consists of preconstruction is $5,500,000. The Senate committee recom­ The sum of $38,350,000 is requested by the surveys, investigations, and designs. The mended $4,600,000. However, this request budget for this project estimated to cost over Senate committee reduced this amount to includes $400,000 for planning work not au­ $625,000,000 and for which over $363,000,000 $3,200,000. However, I believe we can save thorized in the Central Valley where there has been provided to date. The Senate com­ another $1,500,00J on these planning funds. is already $300,000,000 worth of work for mittee reduced this request to $33,900,000. Phase C-Continuing work on the general which plans are available on authorized proj­ It appears from the agency data that the plan of development: For this portion of the ects. Another $159,000 ls for planning of funds requested would be used for the· ini­ work $3,500,000 is requested by the budget. the central Arizona project which already tiation of the Contra Costa canal and the The Senate committee reduced this request has a plan before Congress not yet author­ Delta Mindona canal distribution systems as to $3,000,000. But these are also general ized. Another $334,000 is for planning of well as for continuing specific items under investigations and I believe we can save an­ vQlorado River storage and there is in exist- way. By reducing tunds allocated to irri- other $1,500,000 here. 7720 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JULY 6 REOESS TO MONDAY The following-named persons for appoint­ visions of section 506 of the Officer Personnel ment in the Regular Army of the United Act of 1947 (Public Law 381, 80th Cong.), Mr. HAYDEN. Mr. President, if there States in the grades and corps specified, subject to physical qualification: is no further business to be transacted under the provisions of section 506 of the To be first lieutenants at this time, I now move that the Senate Officer Personnel Act of 1947 (Public Law stand ir: recess until 12 o'clock noon on 381, 80th Cong.), title II of the act of August Frank M. Bott, 0933389. 5, 1947 (Public Law 365, 80th Cong.), Public Colin D. Ciley, Jr., 01186968. Monday next. Michael G. Collins, 01060047. The motion was agreed to; and (at 2 Law 625, Eightieth Congress, and Public Law 36, Eightieth Congress, subject to physical Jack D. Dougherty, 0453521. o'clock and 35 minutes p. m.) the Senate qualification: Walter J. Harbort, 0450881. took a recess until Monday, July 9, 1951, George A. Mccowen, 01118086. at 12 o'clock meridian. · To be lieutenant colonel Lee P. Moore, 01182197. George K. Lewis, MC, 0253703. Robert C. Morris, 0498281. Bedell A. Tippins, Jr., 01296768. NOMINATIONS To be majors Ralph E. Conant, MC, 0295442. To be second lieutenants Executive nominations received by the William S. Cornell, MC, 0310237. Charles P. Alter, 01648965. Senate July 6 (legislative day of June Paul A. Reed, MC, 0381049. Thomas J. Barnes. 27)' 1951: - James H. Smith, MC, 0364247. Jerry F. Bradley, 02020244. DIPLOMATIC AND FOREIGN SERVICE To be captains James B. Bryant, 0957017. Danford S. Carroll, 01342157. The following-named persons, now Foreign John C. Carpenter, MC, 0964449. Ray A. Clardy, 0439388. Service officers of class 2 and secretaries in Enrico D. Carrasco, MC, 093576Q. Arthur H. Collins, Jr., 01291077. the diplomatic service, to be also consuls Arthur Cohen, MC, 0935883. William M. Dickson, 01333440. general of the United States of America; Robert M. Fowler, MC, 0977417. Michael A. DiGenna,ro, Jr., 0974254. Elbert G. Mathews, of California. Charles R. Green, MC, 935985. Alexander R. Evans, 01688439. Henry E. Stebbins, of Massachusetts. Thomas D. Kelly, MC, 01766567. Carlos L. Fraser, 01030768. Samuel V. King, MC, C. 992565. Edward C. Gustely, 0556317. The following-named persons, now For­ Lawrence P. Klemer, Jr., MC, . 0996046, eign Service officers of class 3 and secretaries Cam J. Hurst, Jr., 0957029. James G. McFaddin, MC, 01736407. Joseph P. Jaugstetter, 0443195. in the diplomatic service, to be also consuls Henry H. Modrak, MC, 01775880. general of the United States of America: Robert J. Landseadel, Jr., 0557086. Glenn H. Richmond, MC. William Nelson, 0955894. M. Williams Blake, of Ohio. Hasell G. Ross, MC, 0976251. Charles E. Parrish. William E. Flournoy, Jr., of Virginia. William J. Tiffany, Jr., MC, 01715946. Harlan A. Rasmusso.n, John F. Stone, of Pennsylvania. ~062904. Herbert L. Sauermann, 02210152. William D. Wright, of Tennessee, a Foreign To be first lieutenants Service reserve officer, to be a consul general Rm:sell W. Bickley, DC, 02051412. The following-named distinguished milt­ of the United States ,of America. William B. Blackstone, MC, 0977486. tary students for appointment in the Regu­ Raymond J. Congour, DC. lar Army of the Uni.ted States; in the grade The following-named Foreign Service staff Roy E. Daniel, DC, 0808191. of second lieutenant, under the provisions officers to be consuls of the United States of Michael J. Davis, MC, 0978750. of section 506 of the Officer Personnel Act of America: Eugene A. Garcia, DC, 0981008. 1947 (Public Law 381, 80th Cong.), subject to Robert J. Boylan, of Illinois. Robert W. Little, DC, 0446456. designation as distinguished military grad­ John A. Bywater, of the District of Co- Ralph B. Lydic, DC, 0155690~. uates, and subject to physical qualification: lumbia. Thomas O'Sullivan, DC, 0722875. Carroll H. Blanchard, Richard R. Reineke Kennedy M. Crockett, of Texas. Grace G. Palmer, WAC, LlOlOOOO. Jr. Lavar Jensen J. Alfred LaFreniere, of Massachusetts. Charles M. Powell, Jr., JAGC, 0840851. Donald K. Blumenthal Walter 0. ~ohnson, William F. Merrill, of Massachusetts. Irving Wikler, MC, 0966304. Richard B. Boughton 0978306 John P. Nevins, of Vermont. Hal C. Worcester, DC, 01755288. Wesley R. ·Bozone Guy M. Lubold, Jr. Thomas J. B. Wenner, of Ohio. To be second lieutenants Kenneth J. Carah, Frank R. Olcott The following-named Foreign Service re­ Milton Braveman, MSC, 0707219. 02209967 Laurence C. Peabody serve officers to be consuls of the United Margaret M. Butler, WAC, L201148. Douglas E. ChristensenGeorge E. Pickett, Jr. States of America: David W. Duttweiler, MSC, 0981055. Donald :m. Corum, George H. Schubert John A. Noon, of Maryland. Freeda L. James, WMSC, M28'70. 02211125 John E. Stuntz William E. Phipps, Jr., of California. Mary K. Leath, WMS.C, M2873. Charles A. Dawdy, Jr. William T. Tanner, Jr. Leonard J. D'Eon Edward E. Townsend Ray E. Lee, of Texas, a Foreign Service Julia E. Ledbetter, WAC, L1010095. Edward A. Fraser Robert S. Williams, Jr. reserve officer, to be a consul and a secretary Frances L. T. McKinney, ANO, N792223. in the Diplomatic Service of the United Sarah F. Niblack, WAC, L201642. The following-named persons for appoint- States of America. Lois M. Nuhn, WAC, Ll010246. . ment in the Medical Corps, Regular Army, in the grade of first lieutenant in lieu of cap­ The following-named Foreign Service re­ Florence A. Schmidt, WMSC, M2875. Dorothy S. Siler, WAC, Ll010040. tain, Medical Corps, as previously nominated serve officers to be vice consuls of the United and confirmed: States of America: Helen D. Steir, WAC, L702161. Barbara A. Stierle, WMSC, R2560. Anthony A. Borski, 01534682. Jesse R. Core 3d, of Texas. Alice L. Turner, WAC, Ll020599. , Robert I. Bosman, 0444500. Donald Y. Gilmore, of Massachusetts. Frances O. Vandiver, ANC, N792530. Roscoe C. Brand, Jr., 01169034. Marschal D. Rothe, Jr., of Florida. Eileen B. Witte, WMSC, R2556. Gerald J. Breakstone, 0426719. The following-named Foreign Service re­ The following-named persons for appoint­ Otis E. Bridgeford, 01534685. serve officers to be secretaries in the diplo­ ment in the Medical" Corps, Regular Army of John E. Buess, 0926884. matic service of the United States of Amer­ the United States, in the grade of first lieu­ Thornton R. Cleek, 01041526. James A. Ewart, 0407299. ica: tenant, under the provisions of section 506 Richard F. Allen, of the District of Co­ Hugh S. Gei~er, Jr., 0747124. of the Officer Personnel Act of 1947 (Public lumbia. Robert W. Green, 0388326. Law 381, 80th Cong.), subject to completion Roswell H. Whitman, of the District of Thomas M. Hall, 0410302. of internship, and subject to physical quali­ Columbia. Jqe S. Haney, Jr., 0441260. fication: William O. Kearse, 0366344. UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE John R. Daniels, 02203688. Dean McCandless, 0414073. Luther W. Youngdahl, of Minnesota, to be Alan R. Hapeman, 02050512. Gordon B. Miller, 0451619. United States district judge for the District Heber S. Hudson, 02209678. Walter S. Mizell, 0513096. of Columbia, vice Hon. T. Alan Golds­ Lloyd Kitchen, 01039061. John de La S. Morris, 0379853. borough, deceased. George A. Levi, 0341520. Harold W. Mueller, 02209654. IN THE ARMY Donald G. McLeod, Jr., 01048902. Robert C. Nelson, 0363141. The following-named persons for appoint­ Jack D. Reedy, 01542646. Robert L. Obourn, 0418579. Matthew D. Parrish, 0789498. ment as chaplains of the Regular Army in Stephen N. Schanzer, 0986956. Paul W. Sheffler, 02209671. Arnold M. Reeve, 01296257. the grade of first lieutenant under the pro­ William L. Richardson, 0985652. visions of section 506 of the Officer Personnel James B. Standerfer, 02206697. William A. Stephens, 01542877. Thomas D. Sellers, 0678337. Act of 1947 (Public Law 381, 80th Cong.), James A. Shafer, A0671116. Henry T. Zelechosky, 02037024. subject to physical qualification: Leo H. Silverman, 0325022. Walter S. McCleskey, 0954169. The following-named persons for appoint­ John W. Stark, 0460951: John V. Peters, 0961893. ment in the Regular Army of the United Walter E. Switzer, 0854290. Jerome 0. Sommer, 0931456. States in the grades specified, under the pro- James C. Syner, 0566870. · . _, ~ - 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 7721 Lewis A. Van Osdel, 0420535. ster governments do not represent any MacArthur's suggestions in March in Lloyd T. Wright, 02209672. decent segment of society in the world. this respect, we would now be in the Harry H. Youngs, Jr., 01535118. · They represent only the big gangster driver's seat; instead, we find ourselves, government run by the bloody men of at least as far as Asia is concerned, now CONFIRMATION Moscow, who themselves have murdered forced to get on the Russian propa­ over 40,000,000 of their own citizens in ganda bandwagon. It may be that we Executive nomination confirmed by the name of state justice since they came have lost one more round in the propa­ the Senate July 6 (legislative day of to power. · ganda war. June 27), 1951: The recent trial of Archbishop Josef I regret that this is one additional DIPLOMATIC AND FOREIGN SERVICE Groesz in Hungary and the just con­ step in the tragic ineptness of the pres­ Francis P. Matthews, o;f Nebraska, to be cluded trial of the American citizen and ent administration in the handling of our Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipoten­ Associated Press Reporter William N. relations in Asia, and particularly in tiary of the United States of America to Oatis, in Czechoslovakia, engineered by China. It is appropriate to recall that Ireland. each of these puppet states under the undoubtedly there would not have been direction of the Kremlin, are the maca­ any fighting in Korea now, no United bre perversions of justice that charac­ Nations police action to terminate if HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES terize the whole structure· of Communist that same tragic ineptness of the admin­ governments everyWhere in the world. istration had not reduced our military FRIDAY, JULY 6, 1~51 The United States and all decent na­ strength and forfeited our diplomatic tions, and the United Nations, should advantages a year and a half and more The House met at 12 o'clock noon. cast out the phony representatives of ago in the Far East. The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Bras­ these nonrespresentative Communist The people of the United States ·are kamp, D. D., offered the following prayer: satellite states who falsely wear the united in their awareness of what we O Th.:m eternal God, our Father, whose badge of the peoples of Czechoslovakia seek. It is unfortunate that we cannot divine providence hallows all our days and the people of Hungary. The exist­ with any confidence expect the admin­ with Thy richest blessings, we pray that ence of the representatives of these istration to be as positive in determining we may be more worthy and more con­ gangster governments on free soil is an how we are to attain it. scious and confident of Thy continuing insult to freedoms of religion, of speech, All of us hope and pray that the meet­ and of the press. In the interests of ing which has been arranged in Korea love and care. world peace and in behalf of the Czech Grant that daily we may be strength­ and Slovak peoples and the people of will put an end to the bloodshed there, ened in mind and in heart against the and thus save the lives of thousands of Hungary, I ask that diplomatic relations American fighting men. disappointments and disillusionments, be withdrawn from the Communist the temptations and trials, and all the regimes that enslave them. Even if we are success!ul in ending frustrations and fears of life. forever the fighting in Korea on terms Enable us by Thy grace to stand val­ GENERAL MACARTHUR that are acceptable to our Government, iantly for whatever is just and right. Mr. SEELY-BROWN. Mr. Speaker, I it cannot possibly mean that the peril to When doubt and darkness beset our path ask unanimous consent to extend my world peace, which affects the lives of may we place our hands in Thine and remarks at this point in the RECORD. each one of us and the future of our go forth strong and unafraid. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to children, is over. · Inspire us with the noblest aspirations the request of the gentleman from Con­ The result in Korea, if a real truce re­ and may our souls reach out coura­ necticut? sults, will have been achieved because of geously in expectation and in hope for There was no objection. the valor of the American fighting men the triumph of the eternal principles of Mr. SEELY-BROWN. Mr. Speaker, I and their comrades of the 15 other free truth and justice, of good will and rise not to make an issue of General nations; the power of American guns, brotherhood. MacArthur, but rather to offer a com­ planes, and tanks; and the success · Hear us in Christ's name. Amen. ment concerning the pending confer­ which has been achieved to date in in­ ence from which it is hoped will come creasing the preparedness of the .Ameri­ The Journal of the proceedings of yes­ the terms and conditions under which it can people to meet whatever tensions, terday was read and approved. will be possible to end honorably the pressures, or acts of aggression may de­ MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE fighting in Korea. velop. A message from the Senate, by Mr. The imminent cease-fire conference The peril to world peace that results Landers':' its enrolling clerk, announced comes about as a result of an appeal from Communist imperialism and Krem­ that the Senate agrees to the amend­ broadcast directly to the field command­ lin-controlled plans for domination of ments of the House to a bill of the Senate ers of the enemy forces in Korea by Gen­ the free world either by conquest or in­ of the following title: eral Ridgway. It is significant that Gen­ filtration cannot be abated by the out­ eral Ridgway, in making these broad­ come in Korea. If we value our freedom, S. 109. An act to protect scenic values casts, was acting under directions from it behooves each and every one of us to along the Grand Canyon Park Approach our Government. All of us recall very Highway (State 64) within the Kaibab Na­ continue to be on the alert. tional Forest, Ariz., and certain public do­ vividly what happened to General Mac­ We must continue to build up our mili­ main lrnds under the jurisdiction of the Arthur for making this same suggestion tary and our economic strength. We Department of the Interior. · last March. must avoid wasting our personal as well The real significance of these moves as our national resources in order to MOCK TRIALS OF ARCHBISHOP GROESZ may have escaped the attention of many have the strength against the foe, which AND WILLIAM N. OATIS of our own people. Had General Mac­ we are going to need. Even with the Mr. KERSTEN of Wisconsin. Mr. Arthur's recommendations in this in­ fighting in Korea brought to a successful Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to stance been followed, the American Gov­ conclusion, time is not necessarily on extend my remarks at this point in the ernment would have been able to go be­ our side in building up our strength and RECORD. fore the peoples of Asia as the champion that of our allies to maintain a free The SPEAKER. Is there objection to of world peace. It is regrettable that world agains~ all aggression. General Ridgway's broadcast to the en­ the request of the gentleman from Wis­ emy commanders was precedetl by a ADJOURNMENT OVER consin? Russian spokesman's move. As a result, Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I There was no objection. the propaganda efforts of the Kremlin ask unanimous consent that when the Mr. KERSTEN of Wisconsin. Mr. throughout Asia and Europe is vastly House adjourns today it adjourn t{) Speaker, the Communist Government of strengthened and now Russia rather meet on Monday next. Czechoslovakia and the Communist Gov­ than the United States gets credit for The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ernment of Hungary represent neither being the peace-loving power that has the request of the gentleman from Mas­ the peoples of Czechoslovakia nor the used its influence for bringing about a sachusetts? people of Hungary. These puppet gang- cessation of hostilities. Had we followed There was no objection.