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Executive Summary EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Final Report Baseline Study in Three Geographical Areas of Concentration in Mesomerica Project CAM - 2241 Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) The World Conservation Union (IUCN) Regional Office for Mesoamerica October 2001 INDEX OF CONTENT I. BACKGROUND II. OBJECTIVES III. METHODOLOGY 1. PRINCIPLES 2. ANALYSIS OF THE QUALITY OF PARTICIPATION IV. DATA ANALYSIS 1. PAZ RIVER GAC 2. SAN JUAN RIVER GAC 3. TALAMANCA – BOCAS DEL TORO GAC V. CONCLUSIONS 1. WORKING HYPOTHESES 2. PRIORITY SITES 3. PRIORITY THEMES 4. THE CONSORTIUM AS A WORKING MODEL VI. SELF-EVALUATION 1. ANALYSIS OS STUDY INDICATORS 2. ANALYSIS OF STUDY IMPACTS 3. LESSONS LEARNED MAP ANNEX Report elaborated by the Project Team: Coordinators: Jesús Cisneros y Guiselle Rodriguez Adviser: Alejandro Imbach Supervision: Enrique Lahmann I. BACKGROUND As a result an in-depth analysis on the experience of the Regional Office for Mesoamerica (ORMA) of The World Conservation Union (IUCN) during the last thirteen years in Mesoamerica, along with the analysis of impacts on regional sustainability and mobilization of IUCN membership in this context, in December 1999 ORMA presented a proposal to NORAD for a framework program aimed at the organization and consolidation of local conservation and sustainable development initiatives managed by consortia of local organizations in three geographic areas of concentration in Mesoamerica. This work modality, which promotes management of key ecosystems by local consortia, seeks to be a model for addressing the serious socio-environmental problems in Mesoamerica. NORAD expressed a favorable opinion of the proposal for a framework program and suggested that a preparatory phase be carried out to obtain basic secondary information. This document is the executive summary of the final report on this phase, which consisted of a study of the reference situation (baseline) in three geographical areas of Mesoamerica, called Geographic Areas of Concentration (GACs), in order to establish a baseline with socio-environmental indicators to determine the Framework Program’s future impact on these areas. II. OBJECTIVES Long-term Objective Local organized groups sustainably manage key ecosystems in their sites and influence management of similar ecosystems in other places Objective of the study on the reference situation IUCN-Mesoamerica in coordination with local organized groups has completed studies to prepare baselines for three geographic areas of concentration in Mesoamerica: Paraíso – La Barrona (Guatemala) – Barra de Santiago (El Salvador); the mid-section of the lower basin of the San Juan River (Nicaragua – Costa Rica); and La Amistad – Caribbean (Costa Rica – Panama). A strategy for socio-environmental management has also been delineated on the basis of these studies. Specific Objectives 1. Working groups comprised of local organizations and IUCN members were organized at each site to conduct studies of the socio-environmental baseline situation in each place. 2. A situation analysis was made in each GAC using participatory methodology, and the respective baseline studies were completed. 3. Based on the results of (1) and (2), above, sustainable management projects for key ecosystems in the GACs were prepared in participatory form, derived from the work of local consortia. These projects were integrated into the IUCN-NORAD Framework Program proposal. III. METHODOLOGY 1. PRINCIPLES The process took the objectives and strategies contained in the IUCN-NORAD Proposed Framework Agreement as its point of departure, based on the following working principles: • Collective and participatory construction of the process and its products • Strengthening of local management • Flexibility and respect for local processes • Strengthening of spaces for cooperation The chart below presents a brief summary of the methodology utilized for the three GACs. STEPS OBJECTIVE OUTCOMES Identification of Select potential Binational group of partners organizations partners Meetings with Share objective and Modifications and agreements with Preliminary binational partners basic methodology respect to methodology Selection of local participants Distribution of logistical tasks Appraisal workshops Appraisal and Common understanding of the identification of critical socio-environmental situation ecosystems Vision of the long-term and change Design Identification of Identification of Regional matrix on the binational and common elements environmental situation, extent of regional themes and natural resource use and the human priorities dimension Rankings, Formulation of a Regional matrix to construct the dimensions and baseline matrix baseline indicators Information Identification and Baseline construction at Consultancies carried out with recovery of the binational level national information information Analysis and ordering Identification of gaps Matrix of binational information Validation of information and relations Strategy Workshop Local validation of Identification of gaps and indicators information with top priority Viability of working as Identification of actors and local consortia resources 2. Analysis of the quality of participation The greatest possible representativeness was sought with respect to the groups or sectors working in the selected areas. The groups, institutions and persons invited to the workshops were identified jointly with the group of local partners. This led to workshop participation by government environmental institutions, local authorities such as the Majors’ Offices and municipalities, and representatives of community and indigenous associations, groups of producers, fishermen, artisans and small tourist enterprises. Also invited were NGOs and representatives of other local development initiatives, universities and research centers. Local spaces of coordination and networks were also taken into consideration. This made it possible the participation in the workshops by other interested parties. As a result, sectoral representativeness and balance were obtained. Emphasis was placed on gender equity during preparatory meetings with partners, and women in local groups or specific organizations were expressly invited in order to even out participation between the genders. However, in the majority of the organizations female participation is not significant, and participation in the workshops was masculine for the most part. Nonetheless, this goal should be stressed in a later process. IV. DATA ANALYSIS Information gathered in the field was synthesized in three charts (one for each geographic area), and can be found in the annexes of the final report. Based on this information, an analysis of the environmental and social situation in each of these areas was prepared. This may also be found in the annexes of the final report. The three charts that follow present a brief summary of these analyses. 1. GEOGRAPHIC AREA OF CONCENTRATION PAZ RIVER (Guatemala - El Salvador) GENERAL INFORMATION The Paz River Geographic Area of Concentration extends along the coast of the Pacific Ocean from Monterrico (Guatemala) to Barra de Santiago (El Salvador). The GAC is formed by the watersheds of short rivers in the zone and by the lower basin of larger rivers such as the Rio Paz itself, which serves as the boundary between Guatemala and El Salvador. Within the coastal marine zone, the GAC runs into the ocean as far as the 30 meter-deep isoline. Relief is characterized by two well-defined areas. On one side is the coastal plain, generally narrow, and on the other lie the slopes of the middle and upper watersheds of the rivers forming the GAC. (See Map Annex) The region’s climate is predominately tropical characterized by the alternation of dry (December to May) and rainy (June to November) seasons. ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION Large ecosystems dominating in the zone are the dry tropical and dry premontane forests and the different coastal ecosystems (mangroves, dunes, sandy beaches, estuaries and others.) The main changes in land-use occur in the dry forests. These are essentially basic crops (corn, sorghum and bean) and pasture. In some sites sesame and fruits (watermelon, mango and others) are grown. Substitution of dry forest by these activities is not well delimited, but is estimated at over 70% in Guatemala and over 85% in El Salvador. In the latter country, the majority of the remaining forests in the GAC are mangroves (see Map Annex). Coastal ecosystems have been replaced by shrimp cultivation and by recreational and tourist infrastructure (summer homes, small hotels and cabins, establishments providing food, boat docks, etc.) There is no adequate quantification of these substitutions. HUMAN SITUATION In El Salvador average density is from 133 to 210 inhabitants/km2, and around 100 inhabitants/ km2 in Guatemala. The greater part of the population is dedicated to farming, mainly registered as masculine labor. Estimated annual per capita income is US$1,200 for both countries. Concerning essential services infrastructure, drinking water is one of the major limitations in the GAC, with coverage in El Salvador at barely 18-26% of the population. Only half the homes in the GAC have electricity. Garbage is generally left untreated in the open air. In Guatemala an investigation of coastal communities revealed that 74% of the homes had no latrine. Several types of local organizations exist in the GAC, with community or development organizations being those most concerned about environmental management. There are 10 organizations of this
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