Assiut Vet. Med. J. Vol. 60 No. 141 April 2014

LIGHT AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY ON MONOGENEAN PARASITE FROM RED SEA NEMIPTERUS JAPONICUS (TRIEADIN BRAENS) IN EGYPT

SAMAR W. TADROS*; AMAL K. EL-GAYAR** and GHADA M. MOHAYEMEN***

* Health Research Institute, Port Said branch, Parasitology Unit. ** Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University *** Animal Health Research Institute, Fish Disease Department, Fish Parasites Unit. Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

During a survey from November 2012 till October 2013 on a marine fish’s Received at: 26/2/2014 Nemipterus japonicas, a microcotylid monogenean species Lutianicola haifonensis was recorded for the first time from 42 out of 80 (52.5%) examined Accepted: 3/4/2014 fish’s species in Red Sea. Nemipterus japonicas were found to be recorded as a new host for both the and crustacean parasite species. A copepod crustacean, Hatschekia gracilis also recorded for the first time from 16 out of 80 (20%) of N. japonicas . A brief description for Lutianicola haifonensis and Hatschekia gracilis was presented. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for L. haifonensis is studied.

Key words: Monogenea- marine fish- electron microsope- Nemipterus japonicus (Trieadin braens), Microcotylid, Hatschekia

INTRODUCTION diagnostic and taxonomic characters (Ramasamy et al., 1995; Ramasamy and Brennean 2000; Marine fisheries are of lesser production to Egypt Bayoumy et al., 2007 and Yoon et al., 2013). than its major freshwater fisheries and aquaculture industries, and represent only about 17 % of total fish Nevertheless, different species of Monogenea may production in Egypt. However, of the marine present ultrastructural variations of the tegument, fisheries, approximately 55 % of the total marine fish such as presence of microvilli and secretory pores and catched comes from the Red Sea and Gulf of Suez a wide variation in morphological aspect of surface (FAOLex, 2004). Most studies of monogenean modifications and sensory structures (Smyth and parasites in Egypt were carried out on freshwater Halton 1983). Therefore, it is important to investigate fishes (Khidr, 1997; El-Naggar et al., 2001; El- the tegument of each individual species in order to Naggar & El-Abassy, 2003). Little attention has paid elucidate questions on maintenance and survival of to parasites of marine fish, especially monogenetic the parasite on their microhabitat. In , trematodes except that carried by Paperna the tegument of Atriaster sp. and sp. has (1972a,b,c); Bayoumy, (2003), Bayoumy et al. (2007) been studied by transmission electron microscopy and Bayoumy and Abd El-Monem (2011). During a (TEM) (Justine and Bonami 1993). The gills are a recent assessment of Red sea fish species by the favorite site for the attachment of several parasitic animal Health Research Institute (Port-Said branch), a copepods. They damage the gills by feeding on the samples of Nemipterus japonicas (Trieadin braens) delicate tissue of the gill lamellae or on the blood was found to be infected with a microcotylid circulating within the lamellae, leading to a loss of monogenean parasite, whose morphology is respiratory surface area (Pillai, 1985; Lester and consistent with a Microcotyle omanae, which was Hayward, 2006; Purivirojkul and Areechon, 2008). firstly described from the gill of Cheimerius nufar Lutianicola haifonensis species is described for the from Arabian Sea (Machkewskyi et al., 2013). The first time from Nemipterus japonicus (Trieadin Microcoylidae is the largest family in monogenean braens) in the Al Ghardaqa, Red Sea, Egypt. The subclass Oligonchoinea Bychowsky, 1937. At the copepod family Hatschekiidae Kabata, 1979 consists present some 150 species belonging to more than 40 of eight genera known as gill parasites of marine genera were counted within this family. However, the teleost fishes (Boxshall and Halsey 2004). Of these, specific composition and status of some genera Hatschekia Poche, 1902 is the largest of the remain obscure up to now (Mamaev, 1986). family, containing 97 valid species found on the gills of nearly 140 actinopterigian fish species (Uyeno and Scanning electron microscopy provide resolution at Nagasawa 2010). high magnification, which has been exploited in helminthology to elucidate and describe the MATERIALS and METHODS specialized organs of attachment, the position of oral 80 specimens of Nemipterus japonicus, (Trieadin and genital apertures considered as additional braens), 30–34 cm in total length, and weight 300- 54

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500 gm were caught in the Red Sea off al- Ghardaqah level of the germarium. No terminal anchors present. (27°15′28″N 33°48′42″E) Red sea Governorate, from Paired muscular, unarmed, septate buccal organs (Fig. November 2012 till October 2013 and identified Ι, 2). Oesophagus simple without diverticula. using Randall (1995) and Abd-essalaam (1995). The Oesophagus 134 µm (100–175 µm) long. Intestinal fish specimens were transported to the Laboratory of caeca terminates post-testicular in the narrow animal Health Research institute (Port-Said branch) peduncle leading to the . Genital atrium in an ice box to be examined. The gills removed in muscular, unarmed 85 µm (75-90 µm) wide, 84 µm small Petri dishes containing 0. 9% NACL to get rid (75–100 µm) long at its base; projects away from the excess mucus. For light microscopy, the isolated body as a small cone. Two large, paired, muscular, parasites were fixed in 5% formal saline and washed dorsal, vaginae, unarmed. Large, fusiform, with distilled water to remove excess fixative. For operculated eggs (275-310) µm long, 85-108 µm staining acetic acid alum carmine was used according wide (present in 4 specimens). Very long, tangled, to (Carleton, 1967) for 10-30 minutes. Dehydration apical filament ~1060 µm long, which tapers towards was maintained by passing in ascending grads of its extremity, the terminus of which is not thickened; ethyl alcohol, cleared in clove oil and mounted in posterior filament 110 µm long (Fig. Ι, 3). Testes Canada balsam. All dimensions are given in numerous, post-ovarian 42 µm (45–55) in number, micrometers as the mean, with the range and number situated in post-ovarian intercaecal field, not of measurements in parentheses. extending into the haptoral penduncle. Conspicuous Y-shaped vitelline duct, irregular, well defined, dark- Parasites specimens for SEM 10 parasitic fish specimens were used in this study. brownish in coloration, co-extensive with intestinal Worms were collected and prepared for SEM as caecae, extending from the genital atrium to mid-way follows. Living specimens were kept for 30 minutes along the haptoral peduncle (Fig. Ι, 4), branches 191 in the refrigerator before fixation in 4% aqueous µm (185–200 µm) long, the posterior piece 242 µm gluteraldehyde solution at 4°C for 48 hrs. (Halton, (230–255 µm) long, leads into the genito-intestinal 1979). Then the specimens washed thoroughly with canal. Haptor symmetrical, with numerous clamps cacodylate buffer and post fixed for 4 hrs. With arranged in two equal rows of approximate equal size aqueous osmium tetroxide (OsO4), dehydrated containing 98-135 of clamps arranged in two equal through acetone, dried in Polaron Equipmement, rows (Fig. Ι, 5a). Clamps, of approximate similar E300 critical point drying apparatus using liquid shape but size slightly dissimilar; clamps develop in a posterior to anterior direction (Fig. Ι, 5b). CO2, mounted on aluminum stub with double phase sticker. The specimens then coated with gold- Scanning electron microscopy: palladium in an E5000 sputter coating unit (Polaron The body of Lutianicola haifonensis is elongated, Equipment) coating unit and examined in a Joel SEM with a posterior haptor (Fig. Π, 6). The buccal cavity T330 scan-electron microscope operating at 20 Kev. and the opening of the genitalatrium lie in the anterior

For copepods collection: part of the ventral surface (Fig Π, 7). The tegument of All gill arches from both sides were removed one by the body presents regular intervals, forming folds in one by cutting them at their extremities and examined the ventral and dorsal surfaces (Fig. Π, 7). It presents immediately in seawater. Parasites were collected microvillous-like tegumental projections, covering under a binocular microscope. both ridges and folds (Fig. Π, 8). Isolated, papillae were observed irregularly distributed all over the Copepods were removed with fine forceps or with the body surface (Fig. Π, 8). The tegument around the help of a fine needle, or brush and immediately fixed opening of genital atrium is folded, and contains in 70% ethanol. Copepod identification was based on microvillous-like projections and non-ciliated sensory morphological features according to Yamaguti papillae (Fig. Π, 8). (1963); Kabata (1979); Pillai (1985). The haptor is separated from the body proper at the RESULTS posterior region. It is triangular and composed of two symmetrical rows of clamps, formed by two 1- Lutianicola haifonensis opposable hinged jaws and covered by a thin Class: Monogenea Carus, 1863 tegument. The internal margins of the clamps are Family: Microcotylidae Taschenberg, 1879 serrated and, depending on state of contraction, may Subfamily Microcotylinae Monticelli, 1892 be opened or closed (Fig. Π, 9). The haptoral Site: Gill of 50 fish specimens out of 80 (62%) tegument is similar to the rest of the body, differing Host: Nemipterus japonicus (Trieadin braens) only in the fact that the microvillous- like projections Locality: al- Ghardaqah (27°15′28″N 33°48′42″E), are absent. Red sea Governorate 2- Copepods Light microscopy Hatschekia gracilis Yamaguti, 1954 Body; lanceolate, elongate (Fig Ι,1) body Habitat and locality. Gill of Nemipterus japonicus length,4,400-5,900 µm, haptor length, (2750–7375 (Trieadin braens) , Red Sea µm); 585 µm (275–775 µm) in maximum width at the Material. Five mature females. 55

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Body slender, 1.9-2.1 mm long (Fig. ΠΙ, 10, 11). shaped (Fig. ΠΙ, 12), 0.62-0.95 µm long, each Head cordate, 0.175-0.2 mm in length, 0.16-0.19 mm containing a series of about ten or more eggs. First in maximum breadth near posterior margin which is antenna 84-90 µm long, tapering gradually toward slightly convex and partly covers the first thoracic distal end, without distinct joints except the basal segment. Frontal plate prominent, flattened conical or which occupies almost half the entire length. Maxilla semicircular, projecting a little beyond the bases of represented by a simple seta. Mandible slender, first antennae. Who’s ventrally directed stem turns without teeth. Maxilliped 4-segmented; third segment inward at the point where it gives rise to a a little shorter than second one; terminal claw bifid. rudimentary side branch. The median rib as well as First and second legs biramose; exopods two the two arms terminate in a sharp point at the level of segmented but endopods one segmented. Proximal the broadest part of the head. On the ventral side of segments of first and second exopods with a terminal the head just behind the base of each second antenna spine at each distal outer end. Distal segment of first there is a fleshy, not very sharp-pointed process exopod with 5 setae, of which two are at the tip, and applied to the antenna. First thoracic segment forming the other three along distal inner margin; first neck. Genital segment slender, 1.6-1.8 µm in length, endopod with 5 setae including the one at middle of 0.18-0.2 µm in maximum breadth at its posterior inner margin. Second exopod with three terminal third. Abdomen semicircular, 18-24, µm by 50-63 setae; second endopod with two setae on inner margin µm. Caudal rami small, 15-18 x 7-8 µm, attached to and four at tip. Third legs absent. ventral side of abdomen. Two egg sacs cigarette

Table 1: Comparative metrical data for Lutianicola hofenensis and for morphologically closely related species of Microcotyle from the Indo-Pacific region

Lutianicola Microcotyle Microcotyle arripis Microcotyle helotes Microcotyle caudate M. sebastis haefonensis omanae Sandars 1944 Sandars 1944 Goto, 1984 Goto, 1984 Hosts Nemipterus Cheimerius Arripis Pelates sexlineatus; Helicolenus spp. japonicas nufar georgianus Pelsartia humeralis; dactylopterus; Therapon theraps Setarches longiceps locality Red Sea Arabian Sea Western Western australia; Southwest Indian East China Sea australia Southeast Indian Ocean; Ocean; ;yellow Sea South China Sea Source Present study Machkewskyi Sandars (1944) Dillon et al. (1984)b MacCallum & MacCallum & et al., 2013 a,Dillon et al. Williams (1991)c MacCallum (1913)d; MacCallum (1913)d; (1984)b; Sandars (1945)a; Sandars (1945)a; Williams (1991)c Yamaguti (1963 Yamaguti (1963)e,f; Radujkovic & Euzet (1989) Body length 4,400-5,900 3,500–11,000 2,080a 1,610–1,730b 3,200e 5,500e 1,684-2,530b 1,773–3,088c 2,500–3,200g 4,347c Haptor 1,235-3,425 1,125–3,225 528a 610b 800d 1,100d length 707-874b 684–1,160c 1,287c Number of 98-135 94–120 68-108b 54–60b 52–56e 52-56c clambs 37–103c 46–62f 46-62f 38-56g Buccal 130-140 60-120 64a 60b ------organ 37-45b 46-72c length 41-49c Pharynex 38-85 28-75 48a 35-38b ------length 38-47b 33-46c 46-56c Genital atrium 75-100 125-214 80a 72-92c ------170g length 92-103c Genital 75-90 127-193 128a 88b ------75g atrium 164-201b 74-116c width 114-137c Testes 45-55 34-55 10-16b 12-13b 20-27c 36-43e number 23a 9-19c 23d 21-48f 13-22b 15-17g Egg length 275-310 260-300 224a 234–240c ------233-248b Egg width 85-108 75-105 80a 74–80c ------68-92b a–g Data correspond to respective sources. Data from: e Yamaguti (1963) and d Goto (1984: cited by MacCallum & MacCallum, 1913) from the Sea of Japan, f Bonham & Guberlet (1937: cited by Yamaguti, 1963) from the NE Pacific Ocean and g Radujkovic & Euzet (1989) from the Adriatic Sea, are used for comparison, as data for these species from Indo-Pacific are absent 56

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Figure Ι : 1- Adult of Lutianicola haifonensis x100. 2- Buccal cavity of the L. haifonensis x400. 3- Egg (arrow) af. Anterior filament; o. approximate position of the operculum x200. 4- Haptor peduncle x200. 5- Haptor (a) and clamp (b) x200.

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Figure Π: 6- Total body x 65. 7- Anterior region of body with subterminal buccal cavity (thin arrow) and the opening of genital atrium (thick arrow) x 450. 8- Tegument of body showing the microvillus like tegumental projections (arrow) and sensory papillae and genital atrium (arrowhead) x1500. 9- Internal margins of the clamps x 500.

Figure ΠΙ: 10- Adult female Hatschekia gracilis x100. 11- Posterior end of Hatschekia gracilis x200. 12 -Egg sacs of Hatschekia gracilis x100.

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DISCUSSION the species of Microcotyle known from other regions, M. donavini van Beneden & Hesse, 1863, M. erythrini van Beneden & Hesse, 1863 and M. The present study revealed that a microcotylidae fusiformis Goto, 1894 appear similar to the L. Monogenea Lutianicola haifonensis from Nemipterus haefonensis in the shape of the genital atrium. japonicas fish with the incidence of 52.5% which However, L. haefonensis differs from all of these nearly agreed with Bayoumy et al. (2007), who species in its greater number of testes (45–55 vs but revealed that the percentage of Polypisthocotylea; 18–22 in M. donavini, 16–29 in M. erythrini and 15 in Microcotylidae; Monogenea was 48% in Diplodus M.fusiformis). It can be further distinguished from M. noct fish but differ from the same parasite by a rate of donavini by the shorter length of the genital atrium 28%, 22% and 16% in Gerres oyena, Lethrinus (75–100 vs 250 lm) and the greater length of the elongates and Siganus revulatus Red sea fishes, eggs; and from M. fusiformis by the greater number Egypt respectively. There are 24 genera in the of clamps (98–135 vs 60–66) (Radujkovic & Euzet, subfamily Microcotylinae (Shin et al., 2013), which, 1989 and Yamaguti, 1963). Lutianicola haifonensis according to Mamaev (1986) includes microcotylids firstly described by Lebedev 1970 from Lutianus that possess a symmetric or sub-symmetric, well- russeli in Russian and redscribed by Mamaev, (1986) delineated haptor, Lutianicola haefonensis most as the parasite of fishes of the genus Lutianus. The closely resembles Microcotyle omanae n. sp. which vaginae of Lutianicola haifonensis are paired, has been described from Cheimerius nufar in the unarmed and lateroventral in positioned (Mamaev, Arabian Sea (Machkewskyi et al., 2013) it is similar 1986) and this differ from species belonging to the in the general shape of the morphology , it differs in genus Microcotyle van Beneden et Hesse, 1863, (1) the shorter length of genital atrium; (2) the greater which have a single, typically mid-dorsally length of the haptor and the number of clambs; and positioned, that is unarmed. Lutianicola (3) the greater length of the eggs (Table 1). M. arripis haifonensis differ from Omanicotyle heterospina in Sandars, 1945 which has been described from Arripis that the latter have two large, paired, muscular, georgianus (Valenciennes) in the Indian Ocean off dorsal, vaginae, each armed with a crown of robust Australia (Sandars, 1945; Dillon et al., 1984; equal sized spines (Yoon et al., 2013). The following Williams, 1991; Catalano et al., 2010). It is similar in genera have both an armed genital atrium and an the general shape of the genital atrium, the main armed cirrus: Caballeraxine; Diplostamenides; proportions of the body (Table 1) and the topology of Lutianicola; Neobivagina; Neobivaginopsis; the organs. Lutianicola haefonensis differs in: (1) the Pseudobivagina; Pseudoneobivagina; Ciaenacotyle; greater length of the genital atrium; (2) the greater and Sebasticotyle, whilst species belonging to the number of testes; and (3) the greater length of the genera Diplasiocotyle, Kahawaia, Jaliscia, eggs (Table 1). Microcotyle helotes was described Microcotyle, Paranaella, Polymicrocotyle and from Pelates sexlineatus (Quoy & Gaimard) off Solostamanides possess an armed genital atrium Western Australia (Sandars, 1944) and has been (Yoon et al., 2013). The genera Gamacallum, redescribed from the same host (Dillon et al., 1984), Magniexcipula and Monomacracanthus have an from Pelsartia humeralis (Ogilby) in Australian unarmed genital atrium but an armed penis/cirrus, waters (Williams, 1991) and from Therapon theraps whilst species belonging to Paramicrocotyloides, Cuvier in the South China Sea (Zhang et al., 2001). auciconfibula and Pseudoaspinatrium have both an Lutianicola haefonensis can be distinguished from M. unarmed genital atrium and unarmed cirrus. Only the helotes by its greater: (1) length of the genital atrium; genera (Yamaguti, 1963) and Omanicotyle (2) number of testes (3) number of the clamps; and n. gen. (Yoon et al., 2013) have an unarmed genital (4) length of the eggs (Table 1). Microcotyle caudata atrium and no differentiated cirrus. Goto, 1894 and M. sebastis Goto, 1894, described from Sebastis spp. off the coast of Japan (Yamaguti, 1963), and also recorded from the Indian Ocean Ultrastructural study of the tegument of Monogenea (Parukhin, 1989) and the South China Sea (Kim et Lutianicola hoifensis by SEM had revealed that the al., 2001), have some similarities with L. haefonensis topography of the surface shows variations in the in the shape of the genital atrium. However, L. surface architecture, most of them with functional haefonensis differs from both species in its greater significance. In our specimens, microvillous-like number of clamps. L. haefonensis can also be tegumental projections were observed in anterior and differentiated from M. caudata by its greater number middle regions of body. These structures are of testes and from M. sebastis by its greater haptor characteristic of the tegument of the majority of the length (Table 1). Moreover, L. haefonensis species studied, including Diclidophora merlangi morphologically closely related congeners (Table 1). (Halton 1979), M. labracis (Oliver 1981), Heterapta Body size on its own is not an adequate diagnostic chorinemi (Ramasamy & Hanna 1986b). However, character, as it can depend on parasite age, host size, they are absent in others, such as environmental factors and even on the degree of Pseudothoracocotyla indica and Bicotyle vellavoli flattening of the worms during preparation. Among (Ramasamy & Hanna 1985, 1986a). The ridges and

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Assiut Vet. Med. J. Vol. 60 No. 141 April 2014 microvillous-like projections present in the tegument framework, in the second antennae being dotted for increase the surface area, suggesting metabolic the greater part and in the maxilla being a simple seta exchange (Oliver 1981) and absorption of (Yamaguti 1954). The material likes the species micromolecular nutrients from the surrounding described by Jones (1985) from Lethrinus sp. in environment (Ramasamy & Hanna 1986b). Halton Newzeland. (1978) suggested that the occurence of microvilli and the absorptive function of the tegument provide an CONCLUSION evidence of a close phylogenetic relationship between Monogenea and Cestoda. The microvillous-like A microcotylidae Monogenea Lutianicola haifonensis structures were observed by SEM in other species of was recorded for the first time from 42 out of eighty Microcotylidae, as in M. labracis (Oliver 1981). (52.5%) examined fish specimens in Red Sea. Santos et al. (1996) referred these structures as Nemipterus japonicas were recorded to be infested filaments in A. heterodus. The distribution of and named as new host. A copepod Hatschekia microvillous-like projections in the tegument of P. gracilis in16 out of eighty (20%) also recorded for the luquei is uniform on the ventral and dorsal surfaces first time from N. japonicas fish as anew host also. and over the ridges and folds of the anterior and middle regions of body. These structures were not REFERENCES observed on the haptoral surface. This finding agrees with the suggestion of a close contact with the host tissue for attachment in the gill filaments. The Al-Abdessalaam, Th.Z.S. (1995): Marine species of microvillous like projections, if present, may cause the Sultanate of Oman. Ministry of Agriculture friction in the host tissue. Any increase of the surface and Fisheries Wealth, pp. 283–285. area in this region is obtained by pits and depressions. Bayoumy, E.M. (2003): Monogenean parasites The presence of numerous pores on the tegument of infecting some fishes from the Red Sea in P.luquei may indicate that the exocrine discharge Egypt. Ph-D. Thesis, Fac. Sci. Cairo Univ. occurs by means of these pores, as suggested for Egypt. Polystoma integerrimum by Williams and McKenzie Bayoumy, E.M.; Abd El Hady and O.K.; Hassanain, (1995). M.A. (2007): Light and electron microscopy of Paranella diplodae N.SP. (; Microcotylidae; Monogenea) from some Red The present study revealed that an incidence of 20% Sea Teleost Fishes in Egypt. BS.Vet. Med. J. of Hatschekia gracilis, which nearly agreed with January. Vol. 17 (1):1-5. Purivirojkul and Areechon (2008), who recorded that Bayoumy, E.M. and Abd El-Monem (2011): Surface prevalence of family Hatscehkiidae, Topogaphy and Spemiogenesis of Pseudocongericola sp., 22.73% in Muraensox sp., Lamellodiscus Diplodicus (monogenea, fish from the Gulf of Thailand, Chon Buri Province dilectanidae), a parasite of Gerres Oyena but lower than family Hatschekiidae, Hatschekia (teleostei, Gerridae) from the Suez Gulf, caudate 82.35% in Lutianus vitta fish and family Egypt. Life Science. 8, (3): 467-476. Hatschekiidae, Hatschekia sp., 53.33% in Scolopsis Boxshall, G.A. and Halsey, S.H. (2004): An dubuosus fish from the Gulf of Thailand. Introduction to Copepod Diversity, Part II. The Ray Society, London, pp 422-966. Numerous specimens of hatschekiids were collected. Carleton, H. (1967): Carleton's histlolgical technique Hatschekia gracilis Yamaguti, 1954 was found on in Fourth, edition-Oxford, Unv. Press. New York. the gills of Lethrinus sp. Lethrinus miniatus in New Toronto. Caledonia serves as a host to a species of Hatschekia Catalano, S.R.; Hutson, K.S.; Ratcliff, R.M. and that closely resembles H. elegans as described by Whittington, I.D. (2010): Redescriptions of Kabata (1991). From L. miniatus (as L. chrysostomus two species of microcotylid monogeneans Richardson) caught off Heron Island, Australia. H. from three arripid hosts in southern Australian elegans has a uniquely elongated head which carries waters. Systematic Parasitology, 76, 211–222. finely spinulate protuberances on its lateral margins. Dillon, W.A.; Hargis, W.J.Jr. and Harrises, A.E. The material from Nemipterus japonicus in Red Sea (1984): Monogeneans from the southern has the same characteristic head shape and carries Pacific Ocean. Polyopisthocotyleids from spinulate protuberances laterally, but the body is Australian fishes. Subfamily Microcotylinae. considerably longer. Body length is known to vary Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 63, 348–359. (In according to the state of contraction, especially in Russian). fixed material, but until further studies are made this FAOLex (2004): FAOLex Legal Database. http:// species is referred to as Hatschekia gracilis. This faolex.fao.org/faolex/index.htm. species differs from the most closely related H. El-Naggar, M.M. and El-Abbassy, S.A. (2003): longigenitalis (vide supra) chiefly in body size, the Anatomical observations on the viviparous shape of the head and the structure of its chitinous monogenean Gyrodactylus rysavyi Ergens,

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دراﺳﺎت ﻣﯿﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮﺑﯿﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﯿﺔ وﻣﺴﺢ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ طﻔﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻮﻧﻮﺟﯿﻨﯿﺎ ﻓﻰ أﺳﻤﺎك اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻻﺣﻤﺮ (اﻟﺼﺮع) ﺑﻤﺼﺮ

ﺳﻤﺮ وﻟﯿﻢ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﺗﺎدرس ، اﻣﻞ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﯿﺎر ، ﻏﺎدة ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻤﮭﯿﻤﻦ Email: [email protected]

أﺟﺮﯾﺖ ھﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻣﺎﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﮭﺮ ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ ٢٠١٢ﺣﺘﻰ ﺷﮭﺮ اﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ٢٠١٣ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﻤﺎك اﻟﺼﺮع اﻟﺒﺤﺮﯾﺔ وھﻰ ﻣﻦ اﺳﻤﺎك اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻻﺣﻤﺮ. ﺗﻢ ﻓﺤﺺ٨٠ ﻣﻦ ھﺬة اﻻﺳﻤﺎك وﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻻﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻔﯿﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﻤﻔﻠﻄﺤﺔ وﺣﯿﺪة اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺮوﻛﻮﺗﯿﻞ ﻣﻮﻧﻮﺟﯿﻨﯿﺎ (ﻟﻮﺗﯿﺎﻧﯿﻜﻮﻻ ھﺎﻓﻮﻧﺴﯿﺲ) ٥٢%. وﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻷﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﮭﺬا اﻟﻄﻔﯿﻞ ﻻول ﻣﺮة ﻓﻰ ﺧﯿﺎﺷﯿﻢ ھﺬة اﻻﺳﻤﺎك. ﻛﻤﺎﺗﻢ ﻋﺰل ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﺪاﻓﯿﺎت اﻟﺨﯿﺎﺷﯿﻢ ﻛﻮﺑﯿﺒﻮدا (ھﺎى ﺳﺘﺸﯿﻜﺎ ﺟﺮاﺳﯿﻠﺲ) ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ٢٠% ﻷول ﻣﺮة ﻓﻰ ھﺬة اﻻﺳﻤﺎك. ﺗﻢ وﺻﻒ اﻟﻤﯿﺰات اﻟﻤﻈﮭﺮﯾﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ ھﺬه اﻟﻄﻔﯿﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺰوﻟﺔ. ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺴﺢ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ طﻔﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺮوﻛﻮﻛﺘﯿﻞ ﻣﻮﻧﻮﺟﯿﻨﯿﺎ (ﻟﻮﺗﯿﺎﻧﯿﻜﻮﻻ ھﺎﻓﻮﻧﺴﯿﺲ).

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