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1 Checklist of the Mycobiota of Iguazú National Park (Misiones, Argentina)

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1 Checklist of the Mycobiota of Iguazú National Park (Misiones, Argentina) ISSN 0373-580 X Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 40 (1-2): xx - xx. 2005 Checklist of the Mycobiota of Iguazú National Park (Misiones, Argentina) JORGE E. WRIGHT1 and ALICIA M. WRIGHT1 Summary: A check-list of the fungi recorded from Iguazú National Park, one of the best known preserved areas in South America, has been compiled mainly on the basis of Rolf Singer´s and our own collections and publications. Ten species of Dictyosteliales, 4 of Myxomycetes, 4 of Pezizales, 9 of Hypocreales, 31 of other Ascomycetes, 3 Deuteromycotina and 314 of Basidiomycetes are annotated. This last group is by far the best known, and includes 13 species of jelly-fungi, 6 coral fungi, 84 resupinates, 90 Agaricales s. l., 111 polypores of which 26 are poroid Hymenochaetaceae, and 11 of Gasteromycetes. Furthermore, 8 Ascomycetes, 58 Basidiomycetes and 2 Deuteromycotina were determined to genus. Lichens have been excluded. The microfungi of the Park have hardly been explored, and no phycomycetes are recorded, so the number of species included in this checklist is but a mere sample of the rich mycobiota of the Park. Key words: biodiversity, fungi, subtropics. Resumen: Catálogo de los hongos del Parque Nacional Iguazú (Misiones, Argentina). Este catálo- go de los hongos registrados para el Parque Nacional Iguazú, una de las áreas preservadas mejor conocidas en América del Sur, ha sido confeccionado principalmente sobre la base de las colec- ciones y publicaciones de Rolf Singer y las propias. Diez especies de Dictyosteliales, 4 de Myxomycetes, 4 de Pezizales, 9 de Hypocreales, 31 de otros Ascomycetes, 3 Deuteromycotina, y 314 de Basidiomycetes han sido anotadas. Este último grupo es de lejos el mejor conocido, e incluye 13 especies de hongos gelatinosos, 6 de hongos clavarioides, 84 de resupinados, 90 de Agaricales s. l., 111 de políporos, de los cuales 26 son Hymenochaetaceae poroides, y 11 de Gasteromycetes. Además, 8 Ascomycetes, 58 Basidiomycetes y 2 Deuteromycotina fueron solo determinados a nivel de género. Los líquenes han sido excluídos. Los microhongos del Parque apenas han sido explorados, y no se han registrado ‘ficomicetes’, de modo que el número de especies que se presenta aquí son tan sólo un mero muestreo de la micobiota del Parque. Palabras clave: biodiversidad, hongos, subtrópicos. Introduction humidity (RH) is enhanced by heavy nocturnal dew, so its mean RH is 75-90%. Temperatures vary much Iguazú National Park is part of the subtropical rain from day to night in summer and winter, 15 °C mean forest phytogeographically belonging to the for June-July and 25 °C for December-January. Paranaense Region (Cabrera,1976). Together with the Absolute temperatures have reached 42 °C in Yungas region, it is the biologically richest natural summer and –6 °C in winter. Soil is typically lateritic area of Argentina. It covers an area of ca. 65.000 (Dimitri et al., 1974). A series of ongoing surveys ha, and is located in the northernmost part of NW of the Park’s biodiversity has made it one of the Misiones Province (25° 32’ to 25° 44’ S lat; 54° 09’ best known conserved areas in South America. to 54° 33’ W long) (Fig. 1). Joining it at the boundary However fungi, especially microfungi, have been between Argentina and Brazil, is the Brazilian Par- neglected and still await extensive studies. que Nacional do Iguaçu, covering ca.160.000 ha. This important natural reserve was bought by the Annual rainfall averages 2000 mm, quite uniformly Argentine National Government in 1928, and distributed throughout the year. The relative incorporated in the National Park Service in 1935; so, notwithstanding the previous commercial exploitation of the rich forest, it has slowly recovered to what may 1Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, termed a near climax vegetation. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad The several strata that make up this climax forest de Bunos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina. Co- rreo-e: [email protected] are home to a wealth of fungal species. Although tree 1 Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 40 (1-2) 2005 species probably number more than one hundred - Cabeza de Vaca (the same formidable “conquista- the vascular flora is still currently under study - dor” who also wandered from Florida to New Mexico outstanding among them are Myrocarpus frondosus, and Colorado), was originally called “Saltos de San- Parapiptadenia rigida, Lonchocarpus ta María”. The Falls form an arch of some 200 falls - muehlbergianus, Enterolobium contortisiliquum, the highest 70 m - due to a large semicircular fault Holocalyx balansae, Cedrela tubiflora, Patagonula 2700 m wide in the Iguazú River at the international americana, Rapanea lorentziana, Nectandra boundary between Argentina and Brazil. The river lanceolata, Chrysophyllum gonocarpum, Ocotea flows from the Serra do Mar, in eastern Brazil, at pulchella, Tabebuia ipe, Aspidosperma polyneuron, 1300 m.a.s.l. to the west for some 500 km, towards Adenanthera macrocarpa and O. trichotoma. One the Paraná River at 90 m.a.s.l.; the fault is located palm - Syagrus romanzoffianus - is striking on account 28 km from the mouth of the Iguazú River. of its gracile stipe. Arborescent ferns are common, This wonderful natural area is a mycologist’s such as Alsophila atrovirens, reaching up to 5 m in paradise. We have been studying its mycobiota for height. The tree stratum in less perturbed areas may the past 36 years and, although partial results have reach 30 m high. already been published, mainly for macromycetes The understory contains many herbaceous and by Corner (1957), Job (1985), Hjortstam & Ryvarden subshruby species including a wide variety of (1986), Rajchenberg (1982, 1984), Wright, bamboos (Chusquea ramosissimam, Merostachys Deschamps & Rovetta (1973), Wright & Deschamps claussenii and Guadua trinii). Of course, there is (1975, 1976/77), Wright & Blumenfeld (1984a,b), also a wide array of epiphytes, orchids, Wright, et al. (1985); Singer (1950, 1952, 1958a,b, Bromeliaceae, and hundreds of species of animals, 1961a, 1961b, 1965, 1970, 1973, 1976), Singer & including birds and arthropods. Digilio (1951), Romero & Gamundí (1986), no Human activity, mainly due to the tourist checklist of the fungi found in the Park has been invasion which expanded greatly after 1995 (6000/ published. Thus, no conspectus or guide is available day in 2001), and the ever-expanding “facilities” is for the Park’s exceptional fungal biodiversity. The a constant threat to this magnificent area. following checklist aims to form the basis for the The magnificent Iguazú Falls (“big waters” in needed aditional taxonomic, biodiversity and guaraní language), discovered by Don Alvar Núñez ecological studies of the fungi of Iguazú. Fig. 1. Location of Iguazú National Park, and main collecting sites. 2 J. E. Wright and A. M. Wright, Checklist of the Mycobiota of Iguazú National Park Materials and Methods n.l., Vadell, mulchy soil. Dictyostelium mucoroides Olive (Vadell & The present paper is based mainly on the Cavender, 1996) numerous collections at BAFC - which also include n.l., Vadell, mulchy soil. many of Dr. Rolf Singer’s collections- and a list Dictyostelium polycephalum Raper (Vadell & kindly supplied by Dr. Egon Horak (ETH, Zurich), Cavender, 1996) together with the scant information obtained from n.l., Vadell, mulchy soil. the literature. Many collections have only been Dictyostelium purpureum Olive (Vadell & identified to genus. Names of genera and species Cavender, 1996) have been updated as far as feasible. We feel, n.l., Vadell, mulchy soil. however, that the present checklist will constitute Polysphondylium pallidum Olive (Vadell & a basic contribution for the development of further Cavender, 1996) and hopefully more precise studies. Suprageneric n.l., Vadell, mulchy soil. taxa follow Ainsworth & Bisby’s “Dictionary of the Polysphondylium violaceum Bref. (Vadell & Fungi” (Hawksworth et al.,1995). Cavender, 1996). Collections without herbarium citation are housed n.l., Vadell, mulchy soil. at BAFC, and their herbarium number is given in Polysphondylium tenuissimum H. Hagiw. parentheses; other collections are indicated following (Vadell & Cavender, 1996) Holmgren et al. (1990). Common collecting sites are n.l., Vadell, mulchy soil. indicated with site numbers given on the map (Fig. 1). Less common localities are indicated by their name MYXOMYCETIDAE or, in some instances, with no information. PROTOSTELIALES Abbreviations used: W,D & DB= Wright, J. E., Ceratiomyxaceae Deschamps, J. R. & Del Busto, E. W, R & J= Wright, J. E., Rajchenberg, M & Job, D. R. & J= Rajchenberg, Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (O.F. Möller) T. MacBr. M. & Job, D. R. S= Singer, Rolf. W= Wright, J. E. C= 1, W, D & DB, M-2416, 28.X.1973, rotten wood Capelli, C. A. W, C & DB= Wright, J. E., Cabral, D. & (23.196). Del Busto, E. When the collections have been published, the PHYSARALES corresponding citation is given in parentheses. Didymiaceae Site number: 1= Camping Ñandu; 2 = Refugio Didymium squamulosum (Alb. & Schwein.) Fr. Yaguareté; 3 = Camino Macuco; 4 = Reserva Puerto Iguazú, Rossini, 2.II.1965, rotten wood Intangible; 5 = Bosque de “Palo Rosa” (Fig. 1). (22.273) n.l.= no locality stated. Physaraceae Physarum compressum Alb. & Schwein. TAXA Puerto Iguazú, W, D & DB, M-2427, 28.IX.1973, DICTYOSTELIOMYCOTA rotten wood (23.195). Stemonitaceae DICTYOSTELIALES Comatricha typhoides (Bull.) Rostaf. Dictyosteliaceae (Deschamps, 1972) Dictyostelium giganteum Singh (Vadell & n.l. Cavender, 1996) n.l., Vadell, mulchy soil. ASCOMYCOTA Dictyostelium lavandulum Raper & Fennell SORDARIALES (Vadell & Cavender, 1996) Nitschkiaceae n.l., Vadell, mulchy soil. Dictyostelium macrocephalum H. Hagiw. Bertia sinensis J.C. Krug & Corlett (Vadell & Cavender, 1996) n.l., C. Carmarán, III.1993, fallen branch (33.592). n.l., Vadell, mulchy soil. Lasiosphaeriaceae Dictyostelium aff. medusoides Vadell, Holmes Podospora sp. (as Pleurage sp.) & Cavender (Vadell & Cavender, 1996) Yacuy, Guerrero, 20.VI.1968 (21.997). 3 Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 40 (1-2) 2005 Arthrinium sp. (anamorph of Apiospora n.l., O.F. Popoff 1321, 20.VII.1993 (33.593). montagnei Sacc.) n.l., C. Carmarán, III.1993, fallen branch (33.596).
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