Wireless Deployment Agenda & Other Latest Technology Trends- 13th ITU Sub-regional Meeting, Yangon, Myanmar Part 1- Technology Trends - wireless alphabet soup -other related technologies

Part 2- Policy and Regulatory Trends Presented by: Laina Raveendran Greene ITU consultant -putting issues in perspective [email protected] -other related issues www.getit.org

4-6th October 2006 , GetIT, Inc ITU sub-regional meeting, Myanmar, 4-6 October 2006

Part 1: Technology Trends- Part 1: Technology Trends-

Part 1: Technology Trends- Part 1: Technology Trends

Are you feeling confused??? This session objective is to: a) simplify b) gather data c) formulate framework

• Number soup- , , 2., , 3.5G, , 802.11, 802.16………

• Alphabet soup- AMPS, TDMA, GSM, CDMA, wCDMA, CDMA 2000, Wi-Fi, Wi-Max…..

1 Part 1: Technology Trends- Part 1: Technology Trends- a) Simplify-Definitions a) Simplify-Definitions

Wireless vs mobile vs portable Broadband vs Narrowband (infrastructure is not wired) vs fast mover vs walking pace

Different people have different definitions- Very fast? Better than what exists today? Converged networks? IP Based? Faster than dial-up?

Part 1: Technology Trends- a) Simplify-Definitions

WHAT IS BROADBAND?

Recommendation I.113 of the ITU Standardization Sector defines broadband as a “transmission capacity that is faster than primary rate Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) at 1.5 or 2.0 Megabits per second (Mbits)”.

TRAI has defined a broadband service as “An always-on data connection that is able to support various interactive services, and has the capability of a minimum download speed of 256 Kbps.”

…..others define it as higher than dial-up speeds

Part 1: Technology Trends- Part 1: Technology Trends- a) Simplify-Number soup a) Simplify-Alphabet soup

• 1G 9.6 kbps analogue (voice) • 1G AMPS, FDMA, TACS • 2G 14.4 kbps digital (voice and short text) • 2G D-AMPS, TDMA, GSM, CDMA, upto 48kbps packetized & digital (voice, data, • 2.5G PDC, PHS, PCS email, web browsing) • 3G upto 144 kbps to 2Mbps(theoritically) digital & • 2.5G GPRS, EDGE broadband (voice, data, video, MMS) • 3G IMT 2000, CDMA 2000 (EvDO), (EGPRS) EDGE, UMTS, • 3.5G 3.56 Mbps to 14.4 Mbps digital & broadband FOMA , TD-SCDMA (voice, data, video and interconnectivity) HSDPA, HSUPA • 4G 10Mbps to 1Gbps digital, broadband and IP • 3.5G network (voice, data, video, interconnectivity, lower costs) • 4G WI-FI, WI-MAX, WI-BRO…..

2 Part 1: Technology Trends- Part 1: Technology Trends- b) Data-cellular

This session objective is to: a) simplify b) gather data c) formulate framework

ITU

Part 1: Technology Trends- Part 1: Technology Trends- b) Data-FDMA & OFDMA b) Data-TDMA Time Division Multiplex Access

Frequency Division Multiple Access or FDMA is an access technology that is used by radio systems to share the •Time is broken up into time slots, i.e., small, equal-length intervals. radio spectrum. The terminology “multiple access” implies the sharing of the resource amongst users, and the •Each user is assigned one slot per frame. This slot assignment stays fixed “frequency division” describes how the sharing is done: by as long as the user communicates with the (e.g., length of the allocating users with different carrier frequencies of the phone conversation). radio spectrum. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) is a multiple access scheme for OFDM systems. 2 1 3 N

r r

It works by assigning a subset of subcarriers to individual r r e Frequency e

e … e s s s users. Bands s U U U U © Team Nokia

Time

LUCIS Summer Workshop, 2004

Part 1: Technology Trends- TDMA Diagram b) Data-CDMA

Packet based wireless access technology ). Increases capacity through efficient use of spectrum

Permits many radios to share the same frequency channels

At the same time

Nokia ITU

3 Part 1: Technology Trends- CDMA Diagram b) Data-CDMA

Cocktail party analogy: people talk to each other at the same time and thus “interfere” with other. To keep this interference in control, we require that all partiers must:

• talk at the same volume level; no one partier shouts above anybody else.

• use a different language to communicate in.

•The caveat in this analogy is that if you speak in one language, it is assumed that only your desired listener can understand this language.

Nokia LUCIS Summer Workshop

Part 1: Technology Trends- Part 1: Technology Trends- b) Data-GSM b) Data-PCS, PCN, PHS, PDS

GSM: Global System for Mobile Communications. A TDMA-based PCS: Personal Communications Services. In Canada and the United digital communication standard, which States PCS spectrum has been allocated for use by public systems at has been widely deployed in Europe the 2.0 GHz frequency range. and around the world in the 900 MHz band.

PHS- a phone standard Developed in Japan. Between A cellphone and cordless

Part 1: Technology Trends- Cellular vs. PCS a) Simplify-Alphabet soup

• “digital cellular”, • 1G AMPS, FDMA, TACS paging, caller ID and Cellular PCS • 2G D-AMPS, TDMA, GSM, CDMA, email PDC, PHS, PCS Frequency 824MHz- 1850 MHz- 894 MHz 1990 MHz • 2.5G GPRS, EDGE • PCS has smaller cells Channel • 3G IMT 2000, CDMA 2000 (EvDO), (EGPRS) EDGE, UMTS, and larger number of spacing 30 KHz 200 KHz FOMA , TD-SCDMA antennas. Time slots 3 8 • 3.5G HSDPA, HSUPA • 4G WI-FI, WI-MAX, WI-BRO…..

Nokia

4 Part 1: Technology Trends- Part 1: Technology Trends- b) Data-GPRS b) Data-EDGE

GPRS- General Services EDGE- Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution

A mobile data service available to users of GSM This technology works in TDMA and GSM networks. EDGE Mobile phones. It provides moderate-speed data transfers By using unused TDMA channels in the GSM network. Can offer connectivity and high speed data applications Such as video services and other multimedia benefits upto 384 kbps.

BlackBerry Enterprise Solution Part 1: Technology Trends- a) Simplify-Alphabet soup BES With Mobile Data Collaboration Service is the Anchor of the Servers Enterprise Wireless Solution • 1G AMPS, FDMA, TACS Corporate BlackBerry 2G Networks .net Application Firewall Infrastructure DataTAC Servers • 2G D-AMPS, TDMA, GSM, CDMA, PDC, PHS, PCS Internet

2.5G Networks • 2.5G GPRS, EDGE J2EE Application GSM/GPRS Servers iDEN CDMA 2000 1XRTT • 3G IMT 2000, CDMA 2000 (EvDO), (EGPRS) EDGE, UMTS, FOMA , TD-SCDMA BlackBerry Enterprise 3G Networks Server • 3.5G HSDPA, HSUPA

Web Services • 4G WI-FI, WI-MAX, WI-BRO….. Single Behind-the-Firewall Infrastructure provides secure link Wi-Fi to all wireless networks & all wireless handheldsBlackberry

Part 1: Technology Trends- Part 1: Technology Trends- b) Data-UMTS b) Data-IMT 2000

Another name for UMTS (Universal International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) is the global Mobile Telecommunications System). It is standard for third generation (3G) wireless communications, defined by a set of interdependent ITU Recommendations. IMT-2000 provides a framework for based on CDMA and was envisioned for worldwide wireless access by linking the diverse systems of terrestrial and/or the nextgeneration of GSM. European satellite based networks. It will exploit the potential synergy between digital standard designed for useof data mobile telecommunications technologies and systems for fixed and mobile transmission of 144kbps in vehicles, 384 wireless access systems. kbps pedestrian and 2Mbps indoor user.3G/UMTS employs a 5 MHz channel carrier width to deliver significantly higher data rates and increased capacity,offers optimum use of radio resources, especially for operators who have been granted large, contiguous blocks of spectrum - typically ranging from 2x10 MHz up to 2x20 MHz - to reduce the cost of deploying 3G networks

ITU

5 Part 1: Technology Trends- Part 1: Technology Trends- b) Data-TD-SCDMA b) Data-CDMA 2000 standards

The CDMA2000 standards CDMA2000 1x, CDMA2000 1xEV-DO, Developed by China. Spectrum efficiency to many more users and CDMA2000 1xEV-DV are approved radio interfaces for the within a geographical area, and is appropriate for densely ITU's IMT-2000 standard and a direct successor to 2G CDMA, IS- 95 (cdmaOne). CDMA2000 is standardized by 3GPP2. populated regions. 5 times better than GSM. CDMA2000 is a registered trademark of the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA-USA) in the United States, not a generic term like CDMA. •1x Evolution-Data Optimized, abbreviated as EV-DO or 1xEV- DO and often EVDO is a wireless radio broadcast standard. Adopted by CDMA providers e.g. in Japan, Korea, US, Mexico, ec. It is standardized by 3GPP2, as part of the CDMA family of standards.

Part 1: Technology Trends- Part 1: Technology Trends- a) Simplify-Alphabet soup b) Data-Related technologies

HSDPA- High Speed Downlink Packet Access based on WCDMA. Developed by 3rd Generation • 1G AMPS, FDMA, TACS Partnership Project (3GPP) • 2G D-AMPS, TDMA, GSM, CDMA, HSUPA High Speed Uplink Packet Access PDC, PHS, PCS • 2.5G GPRS, EDGE

• 3G IMT 2000, CDMA 2000 (EvDO), (EGPRS) EDGE, UMTS, FOMA , TD-SCDMA • 3.5G HSDPA, HSUPA • 4G WI-FI, WI-MAX, WI-BRO…..

Part 1: Technology Trends- Part 1: Technology Trends- a) Simplify-Alphabet soup b) Data-IP as the “glue”

• 1G AMPS, FDMA, TACS

• 2G D-AMPS, TDMA, GSM, CDMA, PDC, PHS, PCS • 2.5G GPRS, EDGE

• 3G IMT 2000, CDMA 2000, (EGPRS) EDGE, UMTS (WCDMA), FOMA , TD-SCDMA • 3.5G HSDPA, EvDO, HSUPA • 4G WI-FI, WI-MAX, WI-BRO…..

Cisco

6 November 2005, Trends “IMS Will Transform Telecom” Part 1: Technology Trends- IMS Introduces A Standard Architecture For b) Data-IP backbone A Host Of Apps And Services IP Backhaul Case Study: Live Busy Hour GSM Efficiency Gain Results

REDUCE 2 E1S TO 1 E1! 100

90 100% Idle 80 Before Bandwidth Recovered O70ptimization

n 70%+ o

i 60

t Bandwidth a

z Recovered i

l 50 i t

U 50%+

1 40 Active

E After 30 Optimization Bandwidth Recovered 20

10 Abis E1 TMD Util 0 Avg Util After Opt 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 Inst Util After Opt Inst Util Before Opt Time (Seconds) Avg Util Before Opt

Session Number Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 18

Forrester Cisco

Part 1: Technology Trends- Part 1: Technology Trends- b) Data-IP backbone b) Data-IP access/network devices

HSDPA Offload to Backhaul: WLAN IP Broadband RAN Transport 802.11 is a family of specifications for wireless local

Cell-Site area networks (WLANs) developed by a working Optimized GSM and UMTS RAN group of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Backhaul: Abis + Lub Over IP BSC Engineers (IEEE). BTS There are four specifications of current interest: GSM/GPRS/ EDGE path 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g. All four use T1/E1 Mobile Operator the Ethernet protocol and CSMA/CA (carrier sense UMTS Voice and Network multiple access with collision avoidance) for path Signaling path PLMN sharing. The most recently approved standard, Node-B Broadband HSDPA and IP Backhaul 802.11g, offers wireless transmission over relatively UMTS Data Offload short distances at up to 54 megabits per second Wimax, DSL, Metro-E, (Ethernet interface) RNC (Mbps) compared with the 11 megabits per second of the 802.11b standard. Like 802.11b, 802.11g operates in the 2.4 GHz range and is thus compatible with it.

Session Number Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 22 Cisco

Part 1: Technology Trends- 802.11a/b/g (Wi-Fi) b) Data-Wi-Max 802.11a 802.11b 802.11g 5 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz 54 Mbps 11 Mbps 54 Mbps

Less Best over-all Faster than interference, coverage range 802.11b and more bandwidth better range than 802.11a Not as widely Not as fast as Less range than implemented, other 802.11b shorter range technologies • 802.11n œ 100Mbps, still in draft www.virchowkrause.com

7 Part 1: Technology Trends- IEEE 802.16 Standard b) Data-802.20 and on 802.16 802.16a/HiperMAN 802.16e

Completed December 2001 January 2003 (802.16a) Estimate mid ‘04

Spectrum 10 - 66 GHz < 11 GHz < 6 GHz IEEE 802.20- Channel Line of Sight Only Non Line of Sight Non Line of Sight Conditions Discussion reopened Bit Rate 32 – 134 Mbps in 28MHz Up to 75 Mbps in 20MHz channel Up to 15 Mbps in 5MHz channel bandwidth bandwidth channel bandwidth In IEEE in Sept’06

Modulation QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM OFDM 256 sub-carriers Same as 802.16a QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM Is this a captured

Mobility Fixed Fixed, Portable Nomadic Mobility Standard?

Channel 20, 25 and 28 MHz Scalable Same as 802.16a with UL sub- Bandwidths 1.5 to 20 MHz channels

Typical Cell 2-5 km 7 to 10 km 2-5 km Radius Max range 50 km

Part 1: Technology Trends- Part 1: Technology Trends- b) Data-Wi-Bro -Related technologies

Developed in Korea. In Feb 2002, the Korean government Allocated 100Mhz of spectrum in the 2.3Ghz band and in Late 2004 WiBro Phase 1 was standardised by the TTA (Telecommunications Technology Association) of Korea

Part 1: Technology Trends- Part 1: Technology Trends- b) Data-WLL b) Data-DECT

Linksys DECT WLL Wireless local loop (WLL) describes a technique where wireless communications VOIP phone are used as the final "" link between the person holding the telephone (or sitting at the computer terminal) and the start of the telephone pole or other wired (Source: DECT Forum) (DECT) DECT or Digital Enhanced (formerly service. There are a number of technologies that can be used to provide this link, DECT wireless technology targets European) Cordless Telecommunications is an including CDMA, TDMA, GSM, UMTS 3G, PHS, PAS, DECT, and LMDS to name a ETSI standard for digital portable phones, homes, businesses, industry, and public commonly used for domestic or corporate DECT Forum few. areas purposes. DECT can also be used for wireless data transfers.

8 Part 1: Technology Trends- Part 1: Technology Trends- b) Data-MMDS b) Data-LMDS

http://www.wcai.com/lmds.htm

LMDS is a Local Multipoint Distribution MMDS operates at lower Service, a broadband wireless point-to- frequencies, in the 2 GHz multipoint communication system licensed frequency operating above 20 GHz - used to provide bands. MMDS has wider digital two-way voice, data, Internet, and coverage than LMDS, up video services. to 35 miles, but has lower Average distance between LMDS throughput rates. transmitters is approximately one mile apart.

Part 1: Technology Trends- Part 1: Technology Trends- b) Data-DVB-H b) Data-FLO

DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcasting- FLO (Forward Link Only) is a Handheld) multicast technology that was Used by mobile designed to increase the operators to multicast capacity and reduce digital television signals The cost of delivering video, to mobile handsets. audio and other content DVB-H technology To large numbers of user adapts the DVB system simultaneously. FLO is for transmission of digital complementary to cellular television to handheld, networks using CDMA 2000, battery-powered EV-DO, or WCDMA. Intended to receivers. be an alternative to DVB-H.

Part 1: Technology Trends- Part 1: Technology Trends- b) Data- b) Data-RFID

• Bluetooth is the codename for a technology specification for small form • RFID and other wireless sensors are at early stages of development and have factor, low-cost, short range radio links limitless potential for business and home between mobile PCs, mobile phones use. and other portable devices. The Bluetooth Special Interest Group is an • Some current uses: tracking supplies and industry group consisting of leaders in inventory, tracking baggage on airlines, the telecommunications and computing industries that are driving development monitoring livestock. of the technology and bringing it to ¢ Policy issues discussed at Department of Commerce’s April 2004 Forum market. ° Need for different types of spectrum • Need for harmonization of standards globally • http://www.digianswer.com/tech_list.as • Privacy concerns about information stored through RFID. p

NTIA

9 Satellite technologies, including VSAT, MEOs

C band 4 to 6 GHz Ku Band 11 to 18 GHz

Part 1: Technology Trends-

Impact of New Technologies Users (millions) and penetration per 100 pop. This session objective is to: 1'400 25 Mobile subscribers 1'200 a) simplify Internet users 20 b) gather data 1'000 Mobile penetration Internet penetration 800 15 c) formulate framework 600 10 400 5 200

0 0 1994 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 2003 “Virtually all of the growth in the global telecoms sector over the past decade has come from mobile communications and the Internet” ITU, WSIS Geneva

Bridging the digital divide The paradigm shift •Network, services, CPE, application (millions) leading to convergence or more appropriately choice/competition • In converged networks, services will no longer be tied to one type of network. A converged “Next Generation Network” will deliver all services. Mobile Internet users 100% 3 80 20 80% Developing 0.4 Developing 608 80% 239 Current Future 60% 60% 40% 31 244 Developed 100% 10 161 734 40% Developed 20% 499 20% 0% 1993 1998 2003 0%

1993 1998 2003

¡ ¢ £ ¤ ¥ ¦ § ¨ © § ¥ £ ¥ ¥  ¡ £     ¦¨  ¥ ¡ £    ¥ ¥ £ ¥ 

WSIS Geneva, ITU WSIS Geneva, ITU

10 Part 1: Technology Trends- c) Framework -principles Trend: Convergence What is your goal? Common Mobile FR/ATM Subscrriiberr Use this to assess current and future technologies.. Managementt

PSTN Optical Mobile, WLAN DSL, Cable FTTH Broadband High-Speed -connectivity Services Internet -affordability and usability Conttentt -bandwidth Network Service Application -mobility Convergence Convergence Convergence -interconnectivity

Are you trying to achieve -Pt to pt Elliimiinate Layers Serviice Contiinuiity Broadband Access - pt to multipt iin the Network Across Access Stiimullatiing the IIntegratiion Massiive Reductiion Customer Loyallty - multipt to multipt of New IInnovatiive iin TCO and “Stiickiiness” Beware of walled garden promises in technology IIP D//V//V Serviices © Cisco

Part 1: Technology Trends- End of Part 1: Technology Trends

Cleared some confusions? This session objective was to: a) simplify b) gather data c) formulate framework

• Any questions?…..

11