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Abstract Book NATURA TUR2021 3rd International Conference on Tourmaline Elba Island, Italy NATURASeptember 9-11, 2021 Ferdinando Bosi Federico Pezzotta Giovanni B. Andreozzi Editors VOLUME 111 (1) 2021 Poste Italiane S.p.A. - Spedizione in abbonamento postale D.L. 353/2003 (conv. in L. 27/02/2004 n° 46) art. 1 comma 2, LO/MI VOLUME 111 (1) 2021 TUR2021 3rd International Conference on Tourmaline Elba Island, Italy NATURASeptember 9-11, 2021 Ferdinando Bosi Federico Pezzotta Giovanni B. Andreozzi Editors VOLUME 111 (1) 2021 Direttore responsabile Anna Alessandrello Museo di Storia Naturale di Milano Grafica editoriale Michela Mura Museo di Storia Naturale di Milano Editors and co-chairmen Ferdinando Bosi Sapienza University of Rome Federico Pezzotta Museo di Storia Naturale di Milano Giovanni B. Andreozzi Sapienza University of Rome In copertina Tourmaline crystals with quartz and “lepidolite”, Grotta d’Oggi, Elba Island. (Photo A. Miglioli). Editore Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali Corso Venezia, 55 - 20121 Milano www.scienzenaturali.org E-mail: [email protected] © 2021 Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e Museo di Storia Naturale di Milano Corso Venezia, 55 - 20121 Milano Autorizzazione 1112 Tribunale di Milano del 3 febbraio 1949 Poste Italiane S.p.a. - Spedizione in Abbonamento Postale - D.L. 353/2003 (conv. in L. 27/02/2004 n° 46) art. 1 comma 2, LO/MI ISSN 0369-6243 Stampa Litografia Solari Via Lambro 7/15 - 20068 Peschiera Borromeo (MI) Finito di stampare Agosto 2021 This volume contains 52 abstracts and keynote abstracts presented at the 3rd International Conference on Tourmaline (TUR2021), held on Elba Island, Italy, from 9 to 11 September 2021 (https://www.tur2021. com). The Conference has been organized along with the sponsorship of SIMP (Italian Society of Mineralogy and Petrology), and support of the Sapienza University of Rome and Natural History Museum of Milan. The abstract volume is the joint effort of all conference participants and covers many aspects of tourmaline regarding the latest discoveries across the range of crystallography, mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry, isotopic analyses, ore-deposits research, gem science, and much more. All the abstracts published in this volume were critically read and approved by the scientific committee for presentation at TUR2021. We wish to express our deepest gratitude to the members of the scientific committee of TUR2021: J. Cempírek, (Masaryk University), A. Dini (National Research Council of Italy), B.L. Dutrow (Louisiana State University), A. Ertl (University of Vienna), D.J. Henry (Louisiana State University), H.R. Marschall (Goethe University Frankfurt), M. Novák (Masaryk University), R.B. Trumbull (Helmholtz Centre Potsdam-GFZ), V.J. van Hinsberg (McGill University, Montreal). Particular thanks are due to Alessandra Altieri and Beatrice Celata for all their effort and cooperation in the organizational and editing aspects of the abstracts. The publication of this abstract volume was made possible through the support of the NATURA journal staff, namely Michela Mura and the managing director Anna Alessandrello, to whom we express our gratitude. Ferdinando Bosi Federico Pezzotta Giovanni B. Andreozzi (Co-chairmen of TUR2021) 3 PATRONAGE AND SPONSORSHIP 4 NATURA 111 (1): 5-6, 2021 - TUR2021 3rd International Conference on Tourmaline Color anomalies at the termination of pegmatitic gem-tourmaline crystals from Elba Island (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy): a genetic model Alessandra Altieri1*, Federico Pezzotta2, Giovanni B. Andreozzi1, Ferdinando Bosi1 Elba tourmalines are renowned for their beauty, el- egance and the wide spectrum of colors, even within an individual crystal. The most famous Elba tourmaline variety is represent- ed by the “black cap” crystals (Fig. 1), which are charac- terized by a transparent prismatic sector (yellow-green, olive-green, colorless, or pink) with a sharp transition to black color at the analogous termination. However, in some pegmatitic veins the dark terminations of the tour- maline crystals are not black, but they are made up by multiple thin sectors of bluish, greenish, brownish or even purplish-to-reddish colors (Pezzotta, 2021 in press). It is well known that tourmaline crystals are able to register the chemical-physical variations of the crystalliz- ing environment during their growth (Hawthorne & Dir- lam, 2011). Thus, the color anomalies at the analogous termination observed in tourmaline crystals from Elba likely reflect processes occurred in tourmaline-rich peg- matites during the latest stages of crystallization. The goal of this study is to describe such color anomalies and to propose a model for their genesis. Fig. 1 - Tourmaline crystals of elbaite-tsilaisite composition with a typical dark-colored termination at the analogous pole. Specimen 5 cm To achieve this goal, ten selected tourmaline samples across, from Grotta d’Oggi (San Piero in Campo, Elba Island). (Private from pegmatitic veins, located in the eastern border of the collection. Photo: A. Miglioli). Monte Capanne monzogranite pluton, were analyzed using a multi-analytical approach, including electron microprobe (WDS mode) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Compositional mines the evolution from the initial elbaite/fluor-elbaite data were collected along a straight traverse parallel to the composition to celleriite, foitite or schorl at the crystal c-axis from the base to the termination of each crystal. termination (Fig. 2B). The compositional anomalies ob- All studied samples show a (more or less) dark colored served at the analogous termination of Elba tourmalines termination at the analogous pole, ranging from purple- suggest that chemical-physical variation occurred during red to brown, green, blue and black. Analytical results the latest stages of crystallization. suggest that the color variation stems from uptake of in- In the studied samples, the increase in Mn and Fe dur- creasing content of Mn and/or Fe (Fig. 2A). ing the latest stages of crystals growth is consistent with the The increase in Mn and Fe is quite significant in sev- substitution of Li and Al at the Y site. However, this sub- eral samples (MnO > 5 wt% and FeO > 2 wt%) and deter- stitution can occur in different ways according to whether Mn and Fe totally or partially replace Li and Al (Fig. 2B). In the crystals from Elba, a partial substitution oc- 1 Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 curred at Y, according to the simplified mechanism Rome, Italy. + 3+ 2+ 2+ 2 Museo di Storia Naturale di Milano, Corso Venezia 55, 20121 (1.5Li + 0.5Al ) ↔ 2(Mn ,Fe ). As this substitution de- Milano, Italia. termines a total charge variation, it is balanced by the incor- poration of cation vacancy (□) replacing Na at the X site: * Corresponding author: [email protected] Na+ + (1.5Li + 0.5Al)Σ3+ ↔ □ + 2(Mn,Fe)Σ4+ It is interesting to point out that this partial substitu- © 2021 Alessandra Altieri, Federico Pezzotta, tion, in presence of an excess of Mn over Fe, led to the Giovanni B. Andreozzi, Ferdinando Bosi formation of celleriite at the termination of some crystals, Therefore, tourmalines occurring in the cavities initially crystallized as elbaite/fluor-elbaite. However, a sharp increase in Mn and Fe must have occurred in the latest stages of crystallization. Actually, microstructural obser- vations indicate that the latest growth sectors of tourma- lines occur right after an event of pocket rupture. Here, we hypothesize that Mn and Fe entered the fluids due to the alteration of the early-crystallized minerals rich in these elements (such as biotite and spessartine) occurring in the pegmatitic rock surrounding the cavities. Consequently, the latest stage fluids enriched in Mn and Fe were respon- sible for tourmaline chemical evolution (or in some cases, crystallization re-start), which caused the observed color anomalies at the termination of the crystals. Fig. 2 - A) Compositional variations in typical tourmaline crystals from Elba pegmatites. The representative abundances of Li, Na, Mg, Mn, Fe (apfu) are reported for the prismatic sections and the dark colored terminations. Each point represents the result of a spot analysis. B) Plot of the content of 2Li vs (Mn + Fe) at the Y site for each analyzed zone of the tourmaline samples studied. The three lines (dashed, dotted and full) represent different degree of substitution. The bold vertical full line distinguishes the compositions occurring at the crystal dark termi- nations (left) from those occurring in the prismatic sectors (right). Fig. 3 - Variation in MnO and FeO (wt%) along a straight traverse par- allel to the c-axis of three selected crystals, from the upper section to representing the first world occurrence of this new tour- the dark termination. The dashed line marks the transition between the maline species approved in 2019 by IMA-CNMNC (Bosi upper section and the dark colored termination of the crystals. et al., 2021 in press). In the studied samples, an addition peculiar feature is REFERENCES the rhythmic behavior of Mn and Fe observed at the ter- Bosi F., Pezzotta F., Altieri A., Andreozzi G. B., Ballira- minations, where Fe and Mn oscillatory pattern led to an no P., Tempesta G., Cempírek J., Škoda R., Filip J., alternation of either celleriite and rossmanite or celleriite Čopjacová R., Novák M., Kampf A. R., Scribner E. and foitite (Fig. 3). D., Groat L. A. & Evans R. J., 2021 in press – Celleri- 2+ Further inspection to paragenetic relations in the cavi- ite, □(Mn 2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3 (OH)3(OH), a new ties
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