Journal of Physics: Conference Series
PAPER • OPEN ACCESS The effects of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on fabrication of Ag/Bi1.6Pb0.4Sn2Ca2Cu3O10 wire
To cite this article: Kerista Sebayang et al 2018 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1116 032029
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The effects of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on fabrication of Ag/Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 wire
Kerista Sebayang1*, Agung Imaduddin2, Hilda Ayu Marlina1, Pius Sebleku2, Satrio Herbirowo2, Hendrik2 1Department of Physics, University of Sumatera Utara Jl. Bioteknologi No. 1, Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia 2Research Center for Metallurgy and Materials – Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Gedung 470 Kawasan PUSPIPTEK, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
*E-mail : [email protected]
Abstract. This study aims to determine the effects of adding 0.1 %wt CNT on fabrication of Ag/Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 wire. The method used in this research is powder in tube (PIT). The PIT consists of several process stages; preparation of precursor, compaction of precursor in tube, wire rolling, and heat treatment. Powder mixing Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 and CNT using mortar agate for 3 hours. Rolling is done twice, up to 5 and 2.6 mm wire diameter. The heat treatment consists of the calcination at 820 oC for 20 hours and sintering at 850 oC with time variation of 9 and 30 hours. Characterization of superconductivity was performed by using cryogenic magnet to determine the critical temperature (Tc), SEM-EDX to analyze morphology, and XRD to discover the phase formed. From the research, it was found that the sample sintered for 30 hours with the diameter of 5 mm produced Tconset = 109,17 K, with phase formed is Bi(Pb)-2212. While the samples sintered for 9 hours with a diameter of 5 mm produced Tconset = 79.5 K, with phase Bi(Pb)-2212. Moreover, the addition of CNT reduced the value of grain size. But, sample with 2.6 mm in diameter didn’t show superconductivity properties.
1. Introduction Superconductivity is an interesting phenomenon tobe observed in some materials. This material loses its electrical resistance and rejects the magnetic field when cooled under the critical temperature (Tc) [1]. Superconductors were first discovered by Onnes in the early 1900s. Onnes investigated the electrical resistance of pure metals at low temperatures, i.e. mercury. He found that mercury resistance suddenly dropped to zero under 4 K temperature, this phenomenon he called superconductivity [2]. The ceramic superconductor that attracts the most attention of researchers is the Bi(Pb)-2223 superconductor, because it is a high-temperature superconductor. The use of Pb doping in the superconducting synthesis of the Bismuth system is due to the resemblance of the size of the ion and the valence of the Pb atom, resulting in the substitution of the Bi atom by the Pb atom in the BiO double layer [3]. Therefore, substitution of Pb helps stabilize the BSCCO-2223 superconductor at critical temperature (Tc) and also increases the volume fraction in phase 2223 [4]. Selection of sintering temperature for Bi-2201 phase formation ranges from 650-840 °C, while the 2212 and 2223 phases range from 840-890 °C with Ca2CuO3 and CuO impurities [3].
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In recent years, doping such as CNT has increased the cuprate [5,6,7,8], since it is known to reduce grain size to increase critical current density (Jc) [9]. In addition, the CNT vacuum chamber itself has a high current density, even higher than metals and superconductors [10], which range from 109-1010 Ampere/cm2 [11,12,13]. Several studies investigated the effect of adding CNTs focused on the superconducting phases of Y-123 and Bi (Pb)-2212 [5,7]. In another study, it was mentioned that the addition of CNT in BPSCCO was somewhat appropriate because the Tc obtained was quite high at 114.51 K, although the phase Bi(Pb)-2212 was indicated [14]. Along with its development, superconducting technology has reached the manufacture of monofilament wire and multifilament, one of which is in the manufacture of high temperature Bi-2223 superconductor wire enclosed by Agusing powder in tube (PIT) method [15]. The PIT method is mostly used because it is the simplest procedure. The procedure in this method consists of two types, namely (i) the powder is inserted in the tube and compacted in the tube manually, (ii) the powder is pressed isostatically and fed into a metal tube in precompacted form [16]. The manufacture of high temperature Bi-2223 superconductor wire enclosed by Ag using PIT method shows that Tc produced on multifilament wire manufacture has greater value than superconducting pellets and monofilament wire which is 119.5 K with 81 monofilament wire in a multifilament wire, although its multifilament diameter is smaller. However, the optimum temperature in the study was not obtained from the substitution of Pb on Bi, but the use of pure Bi(NO3)2, Sr(NO3)2, CaCO3, and CuO [15]. From another study, Tconset obtained a value of 96 K and Tczero64.4 K o generated on the manufacture of wire Ag/Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 with sintering temperature 850 C (second sintering) for 30 hours [17]. This research was conducted with the aim to determine the effect of adding 0.1% wt CNT (carbon nanotube) on the manufacture of wire Ag/Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 using PIT method (powder in tube).
2. Method The material used is powder Bismuth (II) Oxide (Bi2O3) with purity of 98%, Strontium Carbonate (SrCO3) with purity 96%, Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) with purity 99% PA, Copper Oxide (CuO2) with purity PA 99 %, Lead Oxide (PbO2) with PA purity 97%, CNT with purity of> 99% PA, Tube Ag. The tools used in the manufacture of wire Ag/Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 with the addition of CNT in this study are digital scales, crusher (pastel and mortar Agate), heating furnace, pellet mold, crussible, press machine, rolling tool. While the equipments for testing in this research are Cryogenic Magnet type Teslatron Oxford Instruments, XRD type Rigaku Miniflex 600, and SEM EDS brand Zeiss & Jeol. The first stage on fabrication of Ag/Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 wire with the addition of CNT is the preparation and weighing of Bi2O3, SrCO3, CaCO3, CuO2, and PbO2 with stoichiometric calculation of BPSCCO phase 2223. Then, CNT powder is added by 0.1 (wt%) of mass of BPSCCO powder phase 2223. Mixing of precursors was performed using mortar for 3 hours. Before the powder was inserted into the Ag tube, The Ag tubes was solutionized to remove impurities. Cooling was performed using annealing method at 700 oC for 1 hour. Then, the powder Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 with the addition of 0.1 (% wt) CNT is inserted into Ag tube which is 8 mm in diameter and has a length of 5 cm. Emphasis was done manually. Ag/Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 wire with the addition of prepared CNTs was then calcined at 820 oC for 20 hours. Then, the first rolling was done to alter the diameter, which has the initial value of 8 mm, to 5 mm.
2 SEMIRATA- International Conference on Science and Technology 2018 IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1116 (2018) 032029 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032029
Start
Bi2O3, PbO2, SrCO3, CaCO3, CuO2, and CNT powder precursors
Weighing of precursor according stoichiometry with formula Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 and addition of 0,1 (% wt) CNT
Mixing precursors and scour using mortar with t = 3 hours
Solutionize Ag tube (T = 700 oC, t = 1 hour)
Powder Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 with the addition of CNT inserted in Ag tube diameter 8 mm BPSCCO dengan Penambahan CNT dimasukkan dalam tabung Ag (diameter 8 mm)
Ag/Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 wire with the addition of CNT
Calcination (T = 820 oC, T = 20 hours)
First Rolling of wire, diameter 8 mm to 5 mm
Cutting the wire into two parts
Fisrt Sintering of wire Fisrt Sintering of wire (T = 850 oC, t = 30 hours) (T = 850 oC, t = 9 hours)
First Characterization using First Characterization using cryogenic magnets, XRD, and SEM cryogenic magnets, XRD, and SEM (Sample A2) (Sample B2)
Second Rolling of wire becomes 2.6 Second Rolling of wire becomes 2.6 mm in diameter mm in diameter
Second Sintering of wire Second Sintering of wire (T = 850 oC, (T = 850 oC, t = 30 hours) t = 9 hours)
Second Characterization using Second Characterization using Cryogenic , XRD, and SEM Cryogenic, XRD, and SEM (Sample F2) (Sample G2)
Finish
Figure 1. Fabrication of Ag/Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 wire with the addition of CNT
3 SEMIRATA- International Conference on Science and Technology 2018 IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1116 (2018) 032029 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032029
Next, the wire was divided into two parts, the first part was sintered with temperature of 850 oC for 30 hours (labeled as A2) and the second part was done sintering with temperature of 850 oC for 9 hours (labeled as B2). The Ag/Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 wire with the addition of CNTs sintered with the time variation was characterized using cryogenic to discover the Tc (critical temperature) obtained, SEM to analyze the morphology, and XRD to analyze the formed phase. The XRD measurement data were analyzed using Match v1.10 software in accordance with the 2003 International Center for Diffraction Data (ICDD) database and the volume fraction of XRD measurement results.
3. Result and Discussions The results of Tc on the graph of resistivity and temperature relationship were obtained by the test using cryogenic magnet (Figure 2).
Figure 2. Relation of resistance to temperature (a) sample A2 and (b) sample F2
From the graph of resistance and temperature relation shown in Figure 2. (a) it can be seen that for A2 sample obtained Tconset = 109,17 K and Tczero = 71 K. However, at the time of the second rolling to 2.6 mm diameter the wire is obtained Tconset = 90 K, but Tczero is not generated. This is shown in Figure 2. (b) with the graph tends to resemble the graph of resistance relationship and characteristic temperature of the conductor material. When compared to the manufacture of BPSCCO wire using Ag tube without adding CNT (without dopant) elements with Tconset = 93K and Tczero = 64 K [10], the addition of CNT causes an increase in the critical temperature (Tc). For B2 and G2 sample, the graph of resistance and temperature relation shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3. Relation of resistance to temperature (a) sample B2 and (b) sample G2
4 SEMIRATA- International Conference on Science and Technology 2018 IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1116 (2018) 032029 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032029
From the test shown in Figure 3, it can be seen that the obtained Tconset is 79.5 K and Tczerois 64.7 K. However, the sample G2 or sample of the second rolling, sintering for 9 hours (shown in Figure 3. (b)) yielded Tconset = 80 K without generating Tczero. It occurs due to the resulting graph tends to resemble the graph of resistance relationship and characteristic temperature of the conductor material. Critical temperature test results (Tc) using crayogenic magnets are also shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Tc (critical temperature) test results using cryogenic magnet * Sintering S Diameter Tc onset Tc zero Sample Code a (mm) T t (K) (K) m (oC) (h) p A2 5 850 30 109,17 71 l F2 2,6 850 30 90 -
B2 5 850 9 79,5 64,7
G2 2,6 850 9 80 -
XRD test results to identify the phase formed on wire fabrication Ag/Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 with the addition of CNT is shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4. Diffraction Patterns of samples (a) A2 and (b) B2
XRD phase analysis shows that both sample A2 and B2 identified phase Bi-2212. This is shown in the analysis of the formed phase and volume fraction. In Figure 4. (a) the formed phases are Bi(Pb)- 2212, Bi(Pb)-2223, Ag, and 3 impurity phases, i.e. CuO, CaCO3, and Ca2PbO4. Phase Bi(Pb)-2212 optimum at 2θ = 23.15° with intensity 7 cts, optimum phase Bi(Pb)-2223 at 2θ = 59.15° with intensity 6 cts, Ag phase at 2θ = 44, 54° with intensity of 12 cts; 2θ = 64,69° with intensity 8 cts; 2θ = 77,68° with intensity 23 cts; and 2θ = 81,88° with intensity 8 cts, CuO impurity phase is at 2 angle that is at 2θ = 38,72° with intensity 85 cts and 2θ = 65,84° with intensity 11 cts, CaCO3 impurity phase is at 2 angle , ie 2θ = 43.11° with intensity 49 cts and 2θ = 48,46° with intensity 6 cts, and Ca2PbO4 impurity phase is at 2θ = 45,02° with intensity 78 cts. These results indicate that the addition of CNTs in Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 increases the appearance of other impurities besides CuO, ie CaCO3 and Ca2PbO4. In the Ag/Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 wire sample with the addition of 0.1% wt CNT (labeled as B2) that is shown in Figure 4. (b), some phases are identified: phase Bi(Pb)-2212 that is optimum at 2θ =
5 SEMIRATA- International Conference on Science and Technology 2018 IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1116 (2018) 032029 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032029
31.1° and 2θ = 55.75° with intensity 10 cts; phase Bi(Pb)-2223 at 2θ = 58.39° with intensity 12 cts; phase of sheathing Ag at 2θ = 45.21° with intensity 86 cts, at 2θ = 64,50° with intensity 13 cts, 2θ = 76.73° with intensity 10 cts, and 2θ = 82.26° with intensity 28 cts; CuO impurity phase at 3 angle, ie at 2θ = 38.72° with intensity 73 cts, at 2θ = 61.54° with intensity 6 cts, and at 2θ = 66.51° with intensity 21 cts; CaCO3 impurity phase is at 3 angles, ie 2θ = 36.04° with intensity 5 cts, 2θ = 37.19° with intensity 24 cts, and 2θ = 48.46° with intensity 15 cts; and Ca2PbO4 impurity phase is at 2 angle, ie at 2θ = 30.60° with intensity 11 cts and at 2θ = 45° with intensity 79 cts. When compared to the manufacture of BPSCCO wire using Ag tube without adding CNT or without dopant [10], the optimum phase formation Bi(Pb)-2212 at 2θ = 47.69° with the intensity of 22 count secon (cts), phase Bi(Pb)-2223 optimum at 2θ = 28.78° with intensity 19 cts, by having fewer impurity phases, i.e. CuO impurity phase is at 4 angle, that is at 2θ = 3776° with intensity 169 cts, 2θ = 66.41° with intensity 9 cts, 2θ = 68.13° with instances of 12 cts, and 2θ = 75.01° with an intensity of 4 cts [15]. The CuO phase is an impurity phase in the sample Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 [2] formed by the decomposition of the Bi2CuO4 phase during the calcination process above 750 °C [18]. As a result of the formation of this impurities phase, the critical temperature of the sample was reduced [19]. The results from the above analysis prove that the addition of 0.1% wt of CNT adds impurity to the Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 system, this is indicated by the presence of an impurity phase other than CuO, in the addition of CNT in Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 system, ie CaCO3 and Ca2PbO4.Both samples A2 and B2 produced the same identified phase: phases Bi(Pb)-2212. However, the difference between the two can be seen in the use of different sintering times, A2 sample results in a lower 2223 phase intensity than that of the B2 sample. The purity percentage of Bi(Pb)-2212 can be determined by computing the volume fraction ratio. The volume fraction and crystal size values of each sample are shown in Table 2.
Table 2. The volume fractions Bi(Pb)-2212 and Bi(Pb)-2223 samples A2 and B2 Volume Fraction (%) Sample Crystal Size (nm) Code Bi(Pb)-2212 Bi(Pb)-2223
A2 65.91 34.09 160.73 B2 59.1 40.90 413.16
Table 2 shows that the ratio of volume Bi(Pb)-2212 and Bi(Pb)-2223 on sample A2 with 30 hours sintering time is 65.91% and 34.09%. While on sample B2 with time sintering 9 hour that is 59.1% and 40.90%. Based on the fraction of the volume, sintering for 30 hours on the Ag/Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 wire making with the addition of 0.1% wt CNT can decrease the phase 2223, on the contrary at 9 hours sintering time can raise phase 2223 even though the dominant phase is still in phase 2212. The crystal size analysis shown in Table 2 also proves that the addition of CNTs into powder Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 can reduce the size of crystals, if compared to the manufacture of BPSCCO wire using Ag tube without adding CNT or without dopant with a grain size value = 546.22 nm [17]. The smallest crystalline size was obtained on the manufacture of Ag/ Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 wire with the addition of 0.1%wt, first sintered CNT (T = 850 oC for 30 hours), and 5 mm in diameter. From the phase formed both on samples A2 and B2 obtained orthorombic crystal structure with lattice parameter a = 5.347 Å, b = 5.416 Å, and c = 30.67 Å.
6 SEMIRATA- International Conference on Science and Technology 2018 IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1116 (2018) 032029 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032029
5(a) 5(b) Figure 5. (a) The morphology of sample A2 Magnification of 1000x appears to be middle, (b) The morphology of sample B2 Magnification of 1000x appears to be middle
The morphology of Ag/Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 wire sample, which was obtained from SEM, was depicted in Figure 5. In Figure 5 (a) it appears that the size of A2 sample grain is smaller than the B2 sample. This is the evident from the grain size obtained in the XRD results analysis.
4. Conclusions From the results of research on the effect of adding 0.1% wt of CNT on fabrication of Ag/Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 wire, it can be concluded that the addition of 0.1% wt of CNT on fabrication of Ag/Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 wire produce higher Tc (critical temperature) than that of Ag/Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 wire without CNT addition. Also, the addition of CNT can reduce the grain size. However, the addition of 0.1% wt of CNT on wire manufacture Ag/Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 causes the appearance of impurity phases, such as CuO, Ca2PbO4, and CaCO3. The optimum critical temperature (Tc) produced, Tconset = 109,17 K and Tczero = 71 K, on the addition of 0.1% wt. CNT of the first sintering result at 850 oC for 30 h and the phase formed ie phase Bi(Pb)-2212.
Acknowledgment The authors are grateful to LIPI 2017 Superior Fund and LIPI Research Center of Metallurgy and Materials of South Tangerang, Indonesia.
References [1] Abbas MM, Abbas LK, and Bahedh HS 2015 Journal of Applied Sciences Research 22 164 [2] Malozemoff AP 2015 The Power Grid and The Impact of High-Temperature Superconductor Technology: An overview. In Superconductors in The Power Grid: Materials and Applications. Elsevier Ltd Japan [3] Nurmalita 2011 Jurnal Natural 11 52 [4] Hooker MW 1996 Preparation and Properties of High-Tc Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Thick Film Superconductors on YSZ Substrates [5] Dadras S, Liu Y, Chai YS, Daadmehr V, and Kim KH 2009 Phys. C 469 55 [6] Galvan DH, Li S, Yuhasz WM, Kim JH, Maple MB, and Adem E 2004 Phys. C 403 145 [7] Galvan DH et al 2008 J. Supercond. Nov. Magn. 21 271 [8] Yang ZQ, Su XD, Qiao GW, Guo YC, Dou SX, and FR de Boer 1999 Phys. C 325 136 [9] Galvan DH, JH Kim, MB Maple, Hirata GA, and E Adem 2000 Physica C 341 1269 [10] Lekawa-Raus A, Gizewski T, Patmore J, Kurzepa L, and Koziol 2017 Scr. Mater. 131 112 [11] Yao Z, Kane CL, and Dekker C 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 2941 [12] Wei BQ, Vajtai R, and Ajayan PM 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 1172
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[13] Dew-Hughes D 2001 The Critical Current of Superconductors: An Historical Review Low Temp. Phys. 27 967 [14] Saoudel A et al. 2013 Phys. B 429 33 [15] Jabur Akram R 2012 B2223 Energy Procedia 18 254 [16] Sato K 2015 Bismuth-Based Oxide (BSCCO) High-Temperature Superconducting Wires for Power Grid Applications: Properties and Fabrication. In Superconductors in The Power Grid. Elsevier Ltd Japan [17] Joshua et al. 2017 Pembuatan Kawat Superkonduktor BSCCO-2223 Laporan Kerja Praktik Pusat Penelitian Metalurgi dan Material LIPI Program Studi S1 Teknik Metalurgi dan Material Fak. Teknik Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia [18] Darsono N, Imaduddin A, Raju K, and Yoon DH 2015 J. Supercond. Nov. Magn. 28 2259 [19] Mohammed NH, Awad R, Aly Al IA, Ibrahim IH, and Hassan MS 2012 Mater. Sci. Appl 3 224
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Volume 1116 December 2018 Previous issue Next issue
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Physics
OPEN ACCESS 032001 Evaluation of reference temperature in the pseudo density model for solving internal natural convection of gases H Ambarita and K Kishinami Hide abstract View article PDF
This paper attempts to investigate a numerical solution for internal natural convection in gases. There are two kinds of models used to handle buoyancy force in the internal natural convection problems, the pseudo density difference model and the direct model. It was shown that pseudo- density-difference model is originally a solution for external natural convection. However, when this model is adopted to solve the internal natural convection problem the reference temperature must be treated properly. The advantage of using pseudo-density-difference model is less memory in the computational process issued. The direct model was used to evaluate the appropriate reference temperature for pseudo density difference model. Calculations for air in a two dimensions square cavity, which is bounded by adiabatic horizontal planes and isothermal vertical planes, with temperature difference 10−1 K ≤ ΔT ≤ 2.102 K and Rayleigh numbers 103 < Ra < 106 were carried out. The conclusion of this research is the pseudo density difference model reveals better results when the average temperature is chosen as the reference temperature.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032001 References
OPEN ACCESS 032002 A numerical solution to simultaneous heat and mass transfer of convective drying of food H Ambarita and A H Nasution Hide abstract View article PDF
https://iopscience.iop.org/issue/1742-6596/1116/3 1/20 9/3/2019 Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1,116, 2018 - IOPscience Typical theoretical method to solve simultaneous heat and mass transfer on surface area of drying of food can be divided into two different approaches, they are analytical method and numerical method. In the numerical method the water activity parameter is needed. The water activity is an individual parameter of each food and determines how strong the connections between food structure and water are. This parameter is developed by using experimental data. In this work, a simple numerical method which is coupled with water activity is proposed. A numerical method has been developed to solve one-dimensional governing equations. The method has been tested in convective drying of mango slice. The result reveals that experimental and numerical result show good agreement. The drying characteristics, effect of temperature and velocity of drying air are explored. The main conclusion can be drawn here is that the proposed method can be used to solve simultaneous heat and mass transfer problem in food drying.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032002 References
OPEN ACCESS 032003 A preliminary test of a flat-plate solar collector of hybrid solar water heater H Ambarita, P G Sembiring, S Butarbutar and E Y Setiawan Hide abstract View article PDF
A flat-plate type solar collector for hybrid solar water heater is preliminary tested by exposing to solar irradiation at Medan city of Indonesia. The flat plate collector is used to heat the water which is circulated by a pump. The pump is powered by electric power resulted from the photovoltaic. The collector area of the solar collector is 1.196 m × 0.541 m and the capacity of the Tank is 80 L. The results show that the total energy received by the solar collector during the experiment is 17.916 MJ and the total energy loss from the solar collector is 5.015 MJ. The useful energy is 12.396 MJ. Thus, the thermal efficiency of the system 69.1%.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032003 References
OPEN ACCESS 032004 Development of adaptive contextual teaching model of integrated science to improve digital age literacy on grade VIII students Asrizal, Ali Amran, Azwar Ananda and Festiyed Hide abstract View article PDF
Literacy skills and integrated teaching are required in science education. However, both integrated teaching and literacy skills can't be implemented well. Solution of this problem is to develop adaptive contextual teaching model. Type of this research was research and development with ADDIE model. In limited field testing was used before and after design for one group sample. Research instruments consist of validity sheet of teaching model book, practicality assessment sheet of the implementation of teaching model and performance assessment sheet of students. Techniques of data analysis include descriptive statistics and paired comparison test. Results of this research indicate that: 1). contextual teaching model of integrated science is very valid with average value of 89.2, 2). implementation of adaptive contextual teaching model is practice according to science teachers and students respectively 85.78 and 92.50, and 3). implementation of adaptive contextual teaching model is
https://iopscience.iop.org/issue/1742-6596/1116/3 2/20 9/3/2019 Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1,116, 2018 - IOPscience effective to improve digital age literacy of students at 95% confidence level. Thus, this research implies that adaptive contextual teaching model of integrated science is able to promote digital age literacy of grade VIII students.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032004 References
OPEN ACCESS 032005 Fabrication of Solution-Processed Methylammonium Lead Iodide PerovskiteSolar Cells and Photodetector Diana A. Barus, Kerista Sebayang, Junedi Ginting and Riski Titian Ginting Hide abstract View article PDF
Perovskite based on methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) have attracted great attention for the past few years as promising materials for both photovoltaics and photodetector technologies. In this work, we report on the solution-processed of MAPbI3 via spin-coating method prepared at high humidity condition. The compact film of MAPbI3 with grain size of 200 nm and high crystallinity was obtained. Based on the current density –voltage (J-V) measurement, relatively high power conversion efficiency of 11.3% of PSCs can be achieved when processing the MAPbI3 film at high humidity. In addition, the calculated detectivity and responsivity of perovskite photodetector can reached up to 2 A W−1 and 2 × 1012 Jones at wavelength of 500 nm with rapid response time of 2 ms.This finding shows that MAPbI3 processed at high humidity can achieve both high photovoltaic and photodetector performance.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032005 References
OPEN ACCESS 032006 Effect of Chemical Treatment on Conducting Polymer for Flexible Smart Window Application Diana A. Barus, Kerista Sebayang, Junedi Ginting and Riski Titian Ginting Hide abstract View article PDF
Conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most attractive materials for transparent conductive electrodes, energy storage and electrochromic devices for smart window application. In this work, we investigated the effect of various chemical treatment on flexible transparent PEDOT:PSS electrode. The optoelectronics properties, electrochemical supercapacitor performance, and electrochromic behavior was determine. Based on the findings, the benzenesulfonic acid (BSA) shows high optical transmittance of 95 % and high conductivity with sheet resistance of 97 Ω/ , which demonstrate an areal capacitance of 0.58 mF/cm2 higher than the previous report. In addition, flexible transparent electrode shows excellent mechanical properties when folded for 9000 cycles at bending radius of 1 mm. In addition, when potential applied into all solid-state flexible PEDOT:PSS, the transmittance changeof 22 % at 630 nm showed promising electrode for electrochromic devices.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032006 References
OPEN ACCESS 032007 Thermal characteristics of a flat-plate solar collector of hybrid solar water heater https://iopscience.iop.org/issue/1742-6596/1116/3 3/20 9/3/2019 Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1,116, 2018 - IOPscience S Butarbutar, I Siregar, E Y Setiawan and H Ambarita Hide abstract View article PDF
In the present work, thermal characteristics of a flat-plate type solar collector that is used in a hybrid solar water heater is explored. The flat plate collector is used to heat the water which is circulated by a pump. The pump is powered by electric power resulted from the photovoltaic. The collector area of the solar collector is 1.196 m × 0.541 m and the capacity of the Tank is 80 L. The results show that, the maximum temperature of the absorber plate can reach 90°C and the minimum one is 57.3°C. The average temperature of the absorber plate is 72.93°C. On the other hand, the average temperature of the ambient air is 38.45°C. Thus, the average temperature of the plat absorber is 34.43°C higher than the ambient temperature. In the solar water tank, minimum temperature of the water is 28.33°C and it is heated up to 58.23°C.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032007 References
OPEN ACCESS 032008 Comparison of In-Situ Temperature and Satellite Retrieved Temperature in Determining Geothermal Potential in Jaboi Field, Sabang D P Cesarian, I A Abir and M Isa Hide abstract View article PDF
Current technological advancement in remote sensing makes it possible to map potential geothermal hotspots for a large area effectively using thermal infrared sensors. However, in-situ ground temperature measurements are still needed to validate and support the land surface temperature results from remote sensing satellite images. The aim of this study is to compare in-situ temperature and satellite retrieved temperature in determining geothermal potential in Jaboi field, Sabang. The study was conducted in two phases by, firstly, using satellite Landsat 8 image and, secondly, in-situ survey. For the satellite image, Radiometric Calibration, Vegetation Index and Land Surface Temperature processes were carried out using Envi and ArcMap software. Meanwhile, temperature measurements from 114 in-situ sites around the survey area were recorded using Needle Probe Temperature device that was equipped with Arduino Uno as its microcontroller and 5 temperature sensors. Surface temperature in the Mount Jaboi ranges between 22°C to 29°C for satellite temperature and 25°C to 32°C for in-situ temperature. The temperature anomaly from ground measurements is observed to be consistent with high temperature anomaly from satellite retrieved temperature. This result suggests correlations between the estimated temperature from satellite image and ground measurements.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032008 References
OPEN ACCESS 032009 Improvement of High Order Thinking Skill of Physics Student To Prepare Human Resources In Order To Faced of Global Competition In ASEAN Economic Community A. Halim, Ngadimin, Soewarno, Sabaruddin and and Susanna Hide abstract View article PDF
One of effort to produce graduates of Secondary Education who have critical, creative and innovative thinking skills, as the main capital to face the global competition in the ASEAN Economic Community, through this research will be applied method of Problem Solving (PS) as one of method https://iopscience.iop.org/issue/1742-6596/1116/3 4/20 9/3/2019 Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1,116, 2018 - IOPscience to improve the student's High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). Research using quasi-experimental method, the pretest-posttest control group design and the research sample used as many as 91 students of class XI (control and experiment groups) at Madrasah Aliyah (MAN) School Rukoh Darussalam. Data analysis using descriptive statistics to calculate the N-Gain normalized. The results of data analysis showed that after treatment there was an increase of high order thinking skills, both for classroom experiments (N-Gain = 0.84) or the control group (N-Gain = 0.71). That is, because the learning process is based on the method of Problem Solving (PS) in the experimental group more related to indicators of HOTS. For example the indicator of analysis (C4) is particularly relevant to the first step in the method of PS. During learning activities, which is based on the PS method, students are trained to analyze the problems and also to recall these problems by using their own language. Inferensial of the results of the study are expected to teachers of science and non-science to select and apply methods or models of learning that can improve the human resources, so they have ability to face the global competition in ASEAN economic community.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032009 References
OPEN ACCESS 032010 Preparation of Tl-2212 Cr-Substituted (Tl2-xCrx)Ba2CaCu2O8-δ Superconductor Syahrul Humaidi, Muhammad Razali and Roslan Abd-Shukor Hide abstract View article PDF
We have prepared Tl2-xCrx)Ba2CaCu2O8-δ (Tl-2212) for x = 0.0-0.4 by standard solid state reaction with carbonate precursor and Cr2O3 as a source of Cr. The role of Cr substitute the Tl-sites in Tl- 2212 superconductor system has been studied. The dc electrical resistance was determined using four point probe and the phase occurrence was studied by X-ray diffraction method. The transition temperature showed metallic normal state behavior for all samples. It was found that the addition of 0.2% mole Cr enhanced the Tc zero for 3.22%, whereas Tconset was enhanced up to 10.47%. The effectiveness substitution of Tl-sites by Cr was achieved in the series of x < 0.2%. Most of the samples were in 14/mmm space group.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032010 References
OPEN ACCESS 032011 Analysis of luminescence on Aceh natural gemstone Suhrawardi Ilyas, Kurnia Lahna and Mutia Larasary Ariyani Hide abstract View article PDF
Luminescence is an optical characteristic of materials under optical illumination. We have studied the luminescence of gemstone samples of nephrite which are common in Aceh. The samples were illuminated using two laser beam, green laser at 543 nm and red laser at 633nm.The transmitted and scattered light from samples were then resolved using a prism and characterized using spectrometer. The analysis shows a various luminescence and optical absorption across samples, which is due to some minutes of impurity in Aceh's natural nephrite.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032011 References
OPEN ACCESS 032012 https://iopscience.iop.org/issue/1742-6596/1116/3 5/20 9/3/2019 Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1,116, 2018 - IOPscience Analysis of minerals in the lavender gemstone by using XRF to determine whether it is a type of Jade Ismail, Akmal Nizar and Mursal Hide abstract View article PDF
Lavender gemstone is called for one kind of gemstone from Aceh province in Indonesia. This gemstone is well known in Aceh province in Indonesia. Its color is purple and it is so attractive. Nonetheless, minerals contained in this gemstone are still unknown. It is also unknown whether this gemstone can be classified as a jade or not until this study is presented. For this consideration, X-Ray Fluorescent (XRF) has been utilized to study the lavender gemstone from Aceh province in Indonesia. Our results showed that the lavender gemstone from Aceh Indonesia contains 90.80% of SiO2, 4.69% of NiO, 3.54% of Fe2O3, and 0.78% of CaO. It was found that the percentage of oxide compounds contained in the lavender gemstone is significantly different than that in jadeite, nephrite-actinolite, nephrite-tremolite, serpentine-clinochrysotile, serpentine-antigorite, and vesuvianite. Based on these facts, the lavender gemstone from Aceh Indonesia cannot be categorized as jade.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032012 References
OPEN ACCESS 032013 Calculated astatine-211 production yields for radioimmunotherapy I Kambali Hide abstract View article PDF
As an alpha particle emitter, astatine-211 (211At) has been suggested as a candidate for radioimmunotherapy; thus better understanding of optimum irradiation parameters, radioactivity yields and possible impurities during its production is of paramount importance. In this work, theoretical calculations of bismuth-209 (209Bi) target thickness were performed using the SRIM 2013 codes whereas radioactivity yields of 211At were calculated based on the TENDL 2015, TENDL 2017 and EXFOR nuclear cross-section data. The calculated yields were also compared with available experimental results published elsewhere. According to the calculated results, while 211At was readily produced at alpha particle energy of just over 20.7 MeV, the maximum expected end-of- bombardment (EOB) yield was as much as 136.84 MBq/μAh when 209Bi target was bombarded using 35-MeV alpha particles. However, at this alpha particle energy, safety concern should be raised due to possibly high level of Polonium-210 (210Po) radioactivity generated via 209Bi(α,3n)210At → 210Po nuclear reaction as an indirect impurity. Production of 211At was therefore recommended using alpha particles ranging from 25 to 28 MeV.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032013 References
OPEN ACCESS 032014 A GUI based automatic detection of seismic P-wave arrivals by using Short Term Average/Long Term Average (STA/LTA) method Aulia Khalqillah, Muhammad Isa and Umar Muksin Hide abstract View article PDF
Automatic detection of P wave very important to speed up the data analysis rather than manual. One of the methods used for P wave detection is Short Term Average/Long Term Average (STA/LTA). The P wave is detected automatically by STA/LTA when the STA/LTA ratio exceed from the given https://iopscience.iop.org/issue/1742-6596/1116/3 6/20 9/3/2019 Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1,116, 2018 - IOPscience threshold value. This algorithm has been displayed in the form of Graphical User Interface (GUI) for make it easy to use. We have experimented the GUI to an earthquake on December 24, 2014 that recorded by ACEHSEIS network. We use four vertical components from different seismic stations and one of it has a noisy waveform. The P-wave was obtained when the STA/LTA ratio exceeded the threshold value at 0.35. We also determine the P wave with the manual detection and Pphase Picker as the comparison to our GUI of STA/LTA. The result shows that, our GUI of STA/LTA method can be used determine P wave arrivals although the waveform is noisy but the program cannot be used to determine the relatively minor phase of P wave arrivals. While the results of Pphase Picker is opposite of STA/LTA.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032014 References
OPEN ACCESS 032015 The observation of internal scattering of 633 Nm red laser light in Aceh natural gemstones Kurnia Lahna, Suhrawardi Ilyas and Setia Rahmati Hide abstract View article PDF
One of the methods in assessing the quality of gemstones is by observing the degree of scattering of visible light inside or on the surface of the gemstones. This scattering phenomenon is determined by its optical characteristic and its stoichiometric compounds. In this study we analyze the internal scattering of red 633 nm HeNe laser light in several natural Aceh gemstones. We found that the degree of crystallinity and homogeneity of samples significantly affect scattering process inside the materials. Amorphous samples tend to transmit light and only scatter low amount of light, and samples with high degree of crystallinity tend to scatter light to all directions. Homogeneous samples has low degree of scattering, while nonhomogeneous samples scatter light with high degree of directionality. We also observed strong backscattering of light on some samples with high degree of crystalllinity. The utilization of laser on the raw materials of gemstone quality could help gemstone makers in cutting and grinding process in order to get high quality gemstone final products.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032015 References
OPEN ACCESS 032016 The Influence of MgO Addition on the Fabricating BPSCCO Superconducting Monofilament Wires using Ag-sheated and Stainless Steel 316 Tubes Prepared By PIT Method H Lubis, A Imaduddin, P Sebleku, S Herbirowo, Hendrik, H Marlina, E Marlianto, C Alkindi and Z Sitorus Hide abstract View article PDF
The synthesis of MgO particles were substituted into Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2-xOxCu3Oy superconducting monofilament wires using Silver and Stainless Steel 316 tubes by Powder-In-Tube method was done. Phase identification by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), microsctructure analysis by SEM-EDS and the resistivity as a function of temperature measurement. The effects of addition 5% wt MgO in the sample of BPSCCO superconducting monofilament wires using Ag-sheated and Stainless Steel 316 on the critical temperature (Tc) of pure and MgO dopant were sheated by Ag tube with Ag-sheated with sintering time 9 h and 30 h with produced the Tc-onset 98 K; 78; K 72 K. The sample was sheated Stainless Steel 316 produced the Tc,onset = 92.9 K for BPSCCO without dopant, however the critical temperature for BPSCCO with the addition of MgO dopant did not show. The surface morphology, https://iopscience.iop.org/issue/1742-6596/1116/3 7/20 9/3/2019 Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1,116, 2018 - IOPscience is analyzed by SEM-EDS and the results shows that the crack and the grains distributed randomly. The diffraction pattern of the sample with XRD and the addition of MgO dopant to BPSCCO superconducting monofilament with Ag and Stainless Steel 316 decreases the Tc,onset if compared sample without dopant.This is consistent with the decrease in fraction volume-2223 fraction and the increase in fraction volume-2212.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032016 References
OPEN ACCESS 032017 Preparation Of Poly(Vinyl) Alcohol – Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposite As Conductive And Transparent Film Using Casting Method Awan Maghfirah, Rike Yudianti, Fauzi, Perdinan Sinuhaji and Lektro Ganda Hutabarat Hide abstract View article PDF
PVA nanocomposite was prepared with acid functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes as the reinforcing material. The presence of functional groups on MWCNT was revealed by FTIR techniques. Functionalization of MWCNT was conducted by oxidation using acid solution (HNO3 and H2SO4). The functionalized MWCNT induces hydrophilicity to the PVA nanocomposites. Dispersed MWCNT solution was mixed with 10.0% (w/v) PVA as nanocomposite solution (10-40% (v/v)), casted and dried at 60°C. The effect of MWCNT concentration on the electrical conductivities of the PVA nanocomposites was studied very well. The electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites was increased with the concentration of MWCNT, and PVA with 40% (v/v) nanotubes loaded nanocompsoite showed better electric properties. Analysis using spectrofotometry UV-VIS show that adding 10% MWCNT has maximum transmittance at 95.52% and minimum transmittance by 40% MWCNT at 38.95%. As the concentration of MWCNT increased to 40% (v/v), the PVA nanocomposites got transformed from a region of insulator to semiconductor was revealed by taue plot methode. Tensile test was finished to characterizing PVA/MWCNT nanocomposite mechanical properties that show the maximum tensile strength by 40% MWCNT at 45.2 MPa and minimum tensile strength by 10% MWCNT at 36.3 MPa. Change of physical properties describes the existence of important role of MWCNT on the nanocomposite film.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032017 References
OPEN ACCESS 032018 Making Analysis of Higher Order Thinking-Based Objective Test at State Junior High School 5 Banda Aceh Elmi Mahzum Hide abstract View article PDF
It is often time that the question items which are made by the teacher do not meet the criteria of the needed standarized test. It might happen because a teacher does not often pay attention how to devise the correct questions well. A good question should consider students' critical thinking ability. In terms of this, the critical thinking needed is High Order Thinking Skill (HOTS). This study aimed at describing the use of HOTS on the questions of objective test within the subject matter of natural science at the grade seven of Sate Junior High School 5 Banda Aceh. The reseach method employed was a descriptive study with qualitative approach. The reseacher tried to describe the development of HOTS on the questions of objective test within the subject matter of natural science at the grade https://iopscience.iop.org/issue/1742-6596/1116/3 8/20 9/3/2019 Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1,116, 2018 - IOPscience seven of State Junir High School 5 Banda Aceh. The result of analysis found that only 14 out of 25 question items which fulfilled the criteria of the development of HOTS and 11 question items did not meet the criteria of HOTS development.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032018 References
OPEN ACCESS 032019 Mapping the standard competencies, basic competencies, and the indicators (SKKDI) of natural science course of middle school students in curriculum 2013 Rosane Medriati, Sri Irawati and Rendi Zulni Ekaputri Hide abstract View article PDF
This research was conducted by analyzing the teacher's book, students' book on science course of middle school in grade seven, grade eight and grade nine. Standard competencies, basic competencies and indicator mapping, cognitive and performance issues are adjusted to the 2013 curriculum. This mapping can be implemented in the classroom with a scientific approach. This study refers to the steps of Research and Development which begins with (1) preliminary study, (2) model development and (3) model validation. Result of research on teacher response to Standard competencies, basic competencies and indicator mapping is very good and study result of student increase. This can be a systematically guided teacher and material or concept that is demanded on the core competence of both knowledge and skills.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032019 References
OPEN ACCESS 032020 Structural and Optical Properties of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) based Thin Films Deposited by Sol- Gel Spin Coating Method Mursal, Irhamni, Bukhari and Zulkarnain Jalil Hide abstract View article PDF
The structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films deposited by sol-gel spin coating method have been investigated. The ZnO thin films were deposited on corning glass 7059 substrate from zinc acetate (ZnAc), ethanol, and stearic acid as starting material, solvent and stabilizer were used, respectively. The characteristics of the film were analysed from transmittance spectra obtained by UV-Vis spectroscopy measurement, while the atomic structure of the films analysed from XRD and AFM measurement. The results showed that the characteristics of ZnO thin films were strongly depend on annealing temperature. The XRD measurement indicated that deposited film shows a type of nanocrystalline peak broadening with hexagonal structure and preferential orientation along (002) crystal plane. The transmittance value of the ZnO films was relatively high (75 - 80 %). The optical band gap of ZnO films decreases with increasing in annealing temperature. AFM images showed the annealing temperature effects surface morphology of the films.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032020 References
OPEN ACCESS 032021 Study of Particle Size and Affix Fe in Permanent Magnet Materials BaFe12O19 against Their Physical Properties https://iopscience.iop.org/issue/1742-6596/1116/3 9/20 9/3/2019 Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1,116, 2018 - IOPscience MN Nasruddin, T. Khairuman, Perdamean Sebayang, Kerista Sebayang, Yola Allan Ginting and Zikri Noer Hide abstract View article PDF
Research on the addition affixes Fe to a permanent magnet material of barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) has been done. Wet and dry milling were applied to the BaFe12O19 powder using high energy milling, where milling time are 0, 10, 20 and 40 hours. Variations the addition affixes Fe are 1, 5, 10 and 20% of weight with sintering temperature: 1100, 1150 and 1200°C. Each temperature was hold for 1 hour. Average particle size, true density, porosity, bulk density and magnetic flux density of the sample of BaFe12O19 are observed parameters. The results showed that particle size decreased by 64.67% after 20 hours of milling from 21.4 μm to 7.56 μm. Before and after 20 hours of milling, true density also increase from 4.61 to 4.70 g/cm3. The milling time is inversely to particle size and directly proportional to true density. The optimum condition of making a permanent magnet sample of BaFe12O19 was reached on the addition of 1% Fe and sintering temperature 1150°C, generating porosity = 0.065%, bulk density = 4.89 g/cm3, and the magnetic flux density = 883.3 Gauss. Increasing of Fe and sintering temperature tends to increase the number of pores and magnification of particle size on the sample.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032021 References
OPEN ACCESS 032022 Regeneration of Spent Activated Carbon from Wastewater Treatment Plant Application M.N. Nasruddin, Muhammad Ridwan Fahmi, Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin and Tan Sze Yen Hide abstract View article PDF
The field spent activated carbon from the wastewater treatment plant application is vital to be regenerated for the reduction of environmental pollution, contribution of economic benefits and the preservation of the natural resources. In this study, chemical regeneration was identified by using hydrochloric acid and hot water to regenerate the spent activated carbon. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the adsorption capacity of regenerated spent activated carbon by chemical treatment; then develop a laboratory scale regeneration unit of spent activated carbon and subsequently characterize the activated carbon based on its pore structure and surface morphology. The adsorption capacity of the activated carbon were determined by the methylene blue number and iodine number. The optimal regeneration condition for activated carbon was found to be 0.05 M HCl, contact time of 360 minutes with 10 mL volume of HCl solution. The regeneration unit of the column was studied that the optimal flow rate is 1 mL/min. A micrographic analysis by using scanning electron microscopy had clarify the spent activated carbon already being regenerated using the chemical treatment. Therefore, chemical regeneration using hydrochloric acid solution can remove the pollutant from the spent activated carbon to be regenerated for further application.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032022 References
OPEN ACCESS 032023 Application of MQ-138 Semiconductor Sensor for Breath Acetone Detection T I Nasution, R Asrosa and I Nainggolan Hide abstract View article PDF
https://iopscience.iop.org/issue/1742-6596/1116/3 10/20 9/3/2019 Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1,116, 2018 - IOPscience A new application of MQ-138 semiconductor sensor for breath acetone detection is proposed in this work. MQ-138 semiconductor sensor was integrated to a system which consists of three blocks. This system offers benefits such as portable, fast and easy to operate. Experiments with breath acetone samples from both diabetes and nondiabetes patients validated the accuracy of this system. Based on the measurement results, it was found that as the sensor output voltage increased, the higher blood glucose values measured which means it has been proven that sensor readings of MQ-138 sensor has linear relation to the breath acetone. Therefore, the proposed system has a potential to be used for breath acetone detection in diabetes patients as a new application of MQ-138 semiconductor sensor.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032023 References
OPEN ACCESS 032024 Testing of the charging and discharging characteristic of chitosan thick film as a capacitor dielectric T I Nasution, S R E Putri and I Nainggolan Hide abstract View article PDF
In this study, chitosan films were fabricated through solution casting method with a thickness of 200 μm. Testing of charging and discharging characteristics of dielectric chitosan film was done by placing a chitosan film in a capacitor system configuration. The testing used an RC series circuit with the supply voltage in DC. Testing of charging and discharging characteristics was conducted in two experimental stages, the first is by varying the supply voltage values of 1V, 3V, 5V, 10V and 15V and the second is by varying the resistance value of 100 Ω, 1K Ω, 10K Ω, 100K Ω and 1M Ω. Variation of the supply voltage was conducted to obtain the charging and discharging characteristic of chitosan film while the variation of the resistance value was conducted to find out the performance of chitosan film. Of the above experiments were obtained that the chitosan film has a very fast response to the electric field. Besides, it was obtained that the performance of chitosan film meets the general equation of capacitance in RC series circuit. Analysis of thermal properties using DSC showed that chitosan film has a low specific heat of 0.016 J/g K.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032024 References
OPEN ACCESS 032025 Implementation of problem based learning models in history of physics courses to promoting student learning result Nirwana and S Rochman Hide abstract View article PDF
This research type is a classroom action research conducted in three cycles. Each stage of action research consists of four stages: 1) Planning, 2) Acting, 3) Observation, and 4) Reflection. The subject of this research is the sixth semester physics student of FKIP University of Bengkulu. The data used consist of qualitative data and quantitative data. Qualitative data obtained through observation, while the quantitative data obtained from tests are given to students. Data collection in this research using observation sheet instrument and test sheet. The tests in this study were processed and analyzed using the equations of average values, absorption, and percentage of complete learning and final grades of students. The success indicator of this research is the absorption, it is said to increase if the students' absorption in cycle II is better than cycle I and cycle https://iopscience.iop.org/issue/1742-6596/1116/3 11/20 9/3/2019 Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1,116, 2018 - IOPscience III (DS1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032025 References OPEN ACCESS 032026 Investigation on a prototype of heat pipe type solar water heather using R 718 as working fluid A Pardede, H Ambarita and T Sitepu Hide abstract View article PDF The present work deals with experimental study on prototype heat pipe solar water heater with R718 as a working fluid. The objective is to explore the effect of the initial pressure to the performance of a heat pipe solar water heater. Three identical prototypes of the heat pipe solar water heater with collector area of 1000 mm × 500 mm have been designed and fabricated. Each solar water heater was loaded to heat the water in the tank with capacity of 5 liters of water. The refrigerant was filled to the heat pipe at three different initial pressures. They are 45 cm Hg, 40 cm Hg and 35 cm Hg, respectively. The experiments were carried out for three days. The results show that the maximum hot water temperature varies from 48.84°C to 57.49°C and thermal efficiency of the system starts from 20.03% to 28.30%. It was shown that initial pressure affects the performance. The higher initial pressure results in higher maximum temperature of the water in the tank. Based on the experiment results, the present solar water heater should be installed with initial pressure of 45 cm Hg. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032026 References OPEN ACCESS 032027 Numerical analysis of heat transfer rate from absorber of a flat-plate type solar collector to the tube S E Peranginangin, H V Sihombing and H Ambarita Hide abstract View article PDF Flat plate type solar collector is known as the simplest solar collector. However, its thermal efficiency is very low in comparison with other type of solar collector such as evacuated tube. The heat transfer mechanism in the flat plate type solar collector should be elaborated to improve thermal efficiency of a flat plate type solar collector. In this work, commercial code computational fluid dynamics is employed to explore heat transfer rate from the collector plate to the collector tube. The objectives are to explore the fluid flow characteristics in the solar collector and to estimate the useful heat transfer rate. The solar collector is modelled as a two-dimensional computational domain. The conservation mass, momentum equations and energy equations are developed and solved iteratively. Temperature and pressure distributions are plotted and velocity vector is presented. The results reveal that the heat transfer rate from the absorber plate is 28.955 Watt. The transfer rate from the air to the pipe is 24.06 Watt. On the other hand, heat loss to the atmosphere is 4.92 Watt. https://iopscience.iop.org/issue/1742-6596/1116/3 12/20 9/3/2019 Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1,116, 2018 - IOPscience https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032027 References OPEN ACCESS 032028 Preliminary Study on Possibility Cl Detection in Soil by Means of The Unique Sub-target in a Transversely Excited Atmospheric Pressure (TEA) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy A M Sari, M Ramli, K Kurihara and N Idris Hide abstract View article PDF A preliminary study on Cl detection in soil sample using LIBS has been carried out. The soil sample was mixed with silicon grease to allow attachment to the surface of a nickel plate acting as a sub- target. The laser used in this work is a TEA CO2 laser that operates at wavelength of 10.6μm with energy and pulse duration of 2.5 J and 200 ns, respectively. The laser beam was focused onto the sample using a zinc selenium lens (f = 200 mm) under air and helium surrounding gas at atmospheric pressure. The emission spectrum from the generated plasma was detected using an optical multichannel analyser (OMA)system consisting of a 0.32-m-focal length spectrograph with a grating of 1200 graves/mm and a 1024-channel photodiode detector array with a micro-channel plate intensifier. Soil sample used in this work is a standard soil sample mixed with NaCl solution at various concentrations. The results show that many emission lines due to salts such as Ca, Mg, Na and K can be detected clearly. Nevertheless, Cl emission line cannot be detected in soil sample, although the sample has been intentionally mixed with Cl, even when Cl content reaching 1000 ppm. It is therefore necessary to develop a new approach to allow LIBS techniques for detecting Cl in soil samples. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032028 References OPEN ACCESS 032029 The effects of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on fabrication of Ag/Bi1.6Pb0.4Sn2Ca2Cu3O10 wire Kerista Sebayang, Agung Imaduddin, Hilda Ayu Marlina, Pius Sebleku, Satrio Herbirowo and Hendrik Hide abstract View article PDF This study aims to determine the effects of adding 0.1 %wt CNT on fabrication of Ag/Bi1.6Pb0.4Sn2Ca2Cu3O10 wire. The method used in this research is powder in tube (PIT). The PIT consists of several process stages; preparation of precursor, compaction of precursor in tube, wire rolling, and heat treatment. Powder mixing Bi1.6Pb0.4Sn2Ca2Cu3O10 and CNT using mortar agate for 3 hours. Rolling is done twice, up to 5 and 2.6 mm wire diameter. The heat treatment consists of the calcination at 820 °C for 20 hours and sintering at 850 °C with time variation of 9 and 30 hours. Characterization of superconductivity was performed by using cryogenic magnet to determine the critical temperature (Tc), SEM-EDX to analyze morphology, and XRD to discover the phase formed. From the research, it was found that the sample sintered for 30 hours with the diameter of 5 mm produced Tconset = 109,17 K, with phase formed is Bi(Pb)-2212. While the samples sintered for 9 hours with a diameter of 5 mm produced Tconset = 79.5 K, with phase Bi(Pb)-2212. Moreover, the addition of CNT reduced the value of grain size. But, sample with 2.6 mm in diameter didn't show superconductivity properties. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032029 References https://iopscience.iop.org/issue/1742-6596/1116/3 13/20 9/3/2019 Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1,116, 2018 - IOPscience OPEN ACCESS 032030 Utilizing Limestone Waste Factory Cement Using Fiber Palm Oil Fiber as Power Forming mush on Light Brick Manis Sembiring Hide abstract View article PDF Lighting of limestone from PT Semen Padang Indarung streat Padang has been done by variation of the addition of empty palm oil bunches to form pores derived from palm oil plantation waste in Pematang Siantar area with mixed percentage of 5%, 10 %, 15%, 20% and 25%. The duration of drying varies from 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks and 5 weeks. Sintering temperatures are made varying from 700°C, 800°C and 900°C. The sample dimension is made in the form of beams and cylinders. The parameters tested were shrinkage of fire, density, porosity, water absorption, compressive strength and impact strength. The test results showed that optimum results on 85% of Limestone composition and 15% empty palm oil bunches with 4 weeks of sun drying and sintering temperature of 800°C The results obtained are 0.56%, density1.31 g/cm3, porosity 26.02%, water absorption 12%, compressive strength 96.39 Kgf / cm2 and impact strength 26.46 Kgf / cm2. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032030 References OPEN ACCESS 032031 Characterization of Biocomposite Materials based on the Durian Fiber (Durio Zibethinus Murr) Reinforced using Polyester Resin Timbangen Sembiring, Kristiarawati, Kerista Sebayang and Pardinan Sinuhaji Hide abstract View article PDF Characterization of composites based on the of Durian (Durio Zibethinus Murr) fiber using polyester resin had been done by the method of random orientation. The fibers of 2 cm length in average were extracted using 5 % of NaOH chemical solution for 1.5 hours. The obtained fibers were measured with compositions of 0 gr, 0.1 gr, 0.2 gr, 0.3 g and 0.4 gr. Then, those fibers were mixed by polyester resin and catalyst then pressed uniformly to reduce void on each sample. The mechanical and physical properties of composites were tested by the Electronics System Universal Tensile Machine Type SC – 2DE. The values of tensile strength, flexural strength and strong impact were obtained as 39.165MPa, 46.439MPa and 13.65kJ/mm2, respectively. On the other hand, the bulk density was measured as 1.022/cm3 and the content of water was 2.0 %. The results showed that the mechanical and physical properties are mostly in the required range of the Standard JIS A 5905:2003 such as tensile strength >0.4 MPa, flexural strength >32.0 MPa,bulk density 1.07 – 1.3 gr/cm3 and percentage of water absorption was 5-13%. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032031 References OPEN ACCESS 032032 Determination of Half Value Layer (HVL) Value on X-Rays Radiography with using Aluminum, Copper and Lead (Al, Cu, and Sn) Attenuators Lincewati Sidauruk, Herty Afrina Sianturi, Martha Rianna, Timbangen Sembiring and Diana Alemin Barus Hide abstract View article PDF https://iopscience.iop.org/issue/1742-6596/1116/3 14/20 9/3/2019 Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1,116, 2018 - IOPscience Half Value Layer (HVL) has done on X-rays using Aluminum (Al), Copper (Cu) and Tin (Sn) at University Hospital of North Sumatera. The method used is based on BAPETEN Regulation No.09 of 2011 and Standard Western Australia. From the results of research conducted on X-ray plane obtained the result of measurement of Half Value Layer (HVL) value by using Aluminum (Al) at 50 kVp - 90 kVp, with strong current of 20 mAs, obtained HVL thickness on Aluminum 50 kVp = 3.0 mm Al, 60 kVp = 4.0 mm Al, 70 kVp = 5.0 mm Al, 81 kVp = 5.6 mm Al and 90 kVp = 6.1 mm Al. By using Copper (Cu) at a voltage of 50 kVp = 0.05 mm Cu, 60 kVp = 0.15 mm Cu, 70 kVp = 0.2 mm Cu, 81 kVp = 0.3 mm Cu and 90 kVp = 0.3 mm Cu. By using Tin (Sn) at a voltage of 50 kVp = 0.05 mm Sn, 60 kVp = 0.05 mm Sn, 70 kVp = 0.05 mm Sn, 81 kVp = 0.05 mm Sn and 90 kVp = 0.05 mmSn. From the results of this study found that of the three types of attenuator, the best as an attenuator for Half Value layer (HVL) for X-ray plane is Aluminum (Al) and Copper (Cu). For Tin type Attenuator (Sn) is not suitable as an attenuator to measure HVL on an X-ray plane at a voltage of 50 kVp - 90 kVp. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032032 References OPEN ACCESS 032033 Earthquake relocation using HypoDDMethod to investigate active fault system in Southeast Aceh Andrean V H Simanjuntak, Umar Muksin and Reinhard M Sipayung Hide abstract View article PDF Southeast aceh is one of the most seismically region in the Aceh Province because the existence of the subduction zone and Sumatra Fault Zone (SFZ). In this paper, we present the active fault system that derived from the seismicity distribution and focal mechanisms of earthquakes which occurring along the fault system. In this case, we studied the earthquakes that occurred around the Tripa segment along the Sumatran Fault. The Tripa fault is a segmented fault of SFZ, actively moving, and recently generating some earthquake, this seismic activity was made by the impact from accumulated stress on rock. We use earthquake catalogues including P and S arrival times which collected by BMKG. The earthquake locations were relocated by using double difference method (HypoDD) and the focal mechanisms were obtained from GFZ-Postdam and global CMT solution. The 70 events was obtained from bmkg catalog, only 40 succeeded to be relocated using local velocity models. The earthquakes relocation by using double difference method finally provides sharper lineation of seismicity consisting of three earthquake clusters in the research area. The relocation results show the value change in location and depth which more reliable than the earthquake data from catalogue. The focal mechanisms of earthquakes indicate the right lateral earthquakes similar to fault plane solution of the Sumatran Fault. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032033 References OPEN ACCESS 032034 Development of a Model of Hydro Electric Power Generation Suitable for Low Head Jorfri Boike Sinaga, Novri Tanti, Ahmad Suudi and M. Dyan Susila Hide abstract View article PDF https://iopscience.iop.org/issue/1742-6596/1116/3 15/20 9/3/2019 Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1,116, 2018 - IOPscience Rural Electrification Program is a policy of Indonesian government on the electricity sector for the expansion of electricity access in rural areas. Least resources is one of the major causes which has left many villages in Indonesia without electricity. One solution to these problems is renewable energy resources, and use of these energy resources offer tremendous opportunity to electrify rural areas, including hydro-power. This article describes the equipment and operating principle of a model of hydro electric power generation developed in laboratory of fluid mechanics at the Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Lampung, and also presents the testing results obtained in small irrigation canal of Way Tebu in Banjar Agung Udik Village, Pugung District, Tanggamus County, Lampung Province. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032034 References OPEN ACCESS 032035 Analysis of Composition; Topography of Volcanic Materials Erupted from Mount Sinabung, Karo Regency, Indonesia Perdinan Sinuhaji, Timbangen Sembiring, Awan Magfirah, Averroes F Piliang and Sahat M Nababan Hide abstract View article PDF Volcanic rocks and ashes erupted from mount Sinabung has been analyzed to understand the composition and topography of the materials contained within them. The crystalloid system of the samples were analyzed through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), while the analysis of chemical elements and the microstructures were tested by performing the Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX), and the metal analysis was performed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The samples collected were black volcanic rocks, red volcanic rocks and volcanic ashes. The analysis obtained from the analysis of the black volcanic rocks depicted four phases of materials which are Anorthite (87.11 wt.%), Quartz (2.26 wt.%), Cristobalite (7.72 wt.%), and Alunite (2.91 wt.%). Respectively, the crystalloid lattices of those phases were Triclinic, Hexagonal, Tetragonal and Hexagonal. Three phases of materials which are Anorthite (89.20 wt.%) with Orthorhombic lattice, Quartz (2.63 wt.%) with Hexagonal lattice, Cristobalite (5.56 wt.%) with Tetragonal lattice, and Alunite (2.52 wt.%) with Hexagonal lattice were obtained from volcanic ashes. Meanwhile, the analysis of composition measured by AAS indicated that the heavy metals were not found within the erupted materials. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032035 References OPEN ACCESS 032036 Influence of Micro Structure Based Magnetic Material BaNixAl6-xFe6O19 as Material Absorber Wave Magnetic Structure Zuriah Sitorus, Lukman Hakim, Ferry Anderson Sihombing and Alexander Tuahta Sihombing Hide abstract View article PDF Material have researched electromagnetic wave absorber based barium hexaferrite BaNiAl6-xFe6O19 (x = 0; 0.5; 1; 2; 3) of the local raw materials sand iron Sukabumi. This material is synthesized by coprecipitation method and mixing it using solid state reaction. Material in milling for 5 hours, and heated (sintering) at a temperature of 100 °C for 5 hours. The sample is then characterized by XRD, homogeneous morphological structure and the most optimum composition seen through SEM / EDS. However, the optimum variation obtained at x = 1 obtained the absorption ability of https://iopscience.iop.org/issue/1742-6596/1116/3 16/20 9/3/2019 Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1,116, 2018 - IOPscience electromagnetic wave equal to -36 dB This means the material can absorb up to 95% with the absorption s field thickness of 2 mm. Where the average distance between the crystal atoms is 0.217 nm. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032036 References OPEN ACCESS 032037 Ethanol Purification Using Active Natural Pahae Zeolite By Adsorption Distillation Method Susilawati, M N Nasruddin, Chandra Kurniawan, Irwana Nainggolan and Yuan Alfinsyah Sihombing Hide abstract View article PDF A research of ethanol purification using Natural Pahae Zeolite as active material has been carried. This research aims to analize the process of ethanol purification by using adsorption distillation method followed analyze by the influences of the variants of it's variables. Natural Pahae Zeolite which has been chemically activated by H2SO4 6% and physically by the variants of calcining temperatures at 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, 800°C and 900 °C. Then, continued by applying an adsorbent in the ethanol purification with the various time in 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes, 75 minutes, and 90 minutes. The final ethanol which has been purified then analized by using Gas Chromatography (GC) to classify the level of it's purity. From the result of the research, the most effective process in ethanol purification was the process of adsorption distillation by using natural pahae zeolite as the adsorbent which has been activated at 700°C in 60 minutes and heated at 78° C which resulted ethanol as 93.28%. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032037 References OPEN ACCESS 032038 Fabrication of Ceramic Composites Based on CuO-ZnO Susilawati, Tulus Ikhsan Nasution, Moraida Hasanah and Yuan Alfinsyah Sihombing Hide abstract View article PDF CuO-ZnO ceramic composites have been obtained by pressing conventional method. The composite materials are CuO and ZnO powders with ratio in mass composition of CuO and ZnO are 75%:25%, 80%:20%, 85%:15%, 90%:10% and 95%:5%. The samples were made by three steps. The first step, CuO and ZnO powders are sieved with particle size of 100 mesh. Then, both of powders are mixed until homogeneous for 5 minutes with dry mixing method. The second step, the homogeneous powders are fabricated with pressure at 300 MPa for 10 minutes to form a pellet. The last step, the pellet was burned by furnace at temperatures 800°C, 900°C and 1000°C for 3 hours. Each sample that has been burned was characterized by physical properties (density), morphological analysis (SEM), mechanical properties (compressive strength and hardness) and crystalline structural analysis (XRD). The results of characterization show that optimum ratio in mass composition of CuO and ZnO is 95%:5% at 1000°C temperature. It has the highest density of 9.205 g/cm3 while the highest of compressive strength is 218.799 MPa, the highest hardness is 1816.920 MPa and morphological structures are evenly distributed. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032038 References https://iopscience.iop.org/issue/1742-6596/1116/3 17/20 9/3/2019 Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1,116, 2018 - IOPscience OPEN ACCESS 032039 Estimation of temperature and electron density of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (libs) on river clam shell using hydrogen emissionlines D Susilayani, Irhamni, M Ramli, K Lahna and N Idris Hide abstract View article PDF The physical characteristic in term of temperature and electron density of the laser-induced plasma produced on a river shell sample has been investigated. The plasma was produced by an Nd: YAG laser beam (1064 nm) at low pressure (5 Torr) of air surrounding gas. Multi-elemental panoramic line spectra (200-900 nm) have been analysed at different delay times (0.1-5 μs) and gate width of 50 μs. The hydrogen emission lines namely Hα at 656.27, Hβ at 486.13 and Hγ at 434.04 nm were identified and utilized to evaluate the plasma parameters. The temperature and electron density of the produced plasma were estimated by means of Boltzmann Plot and Saha-Boltzmann method using the hydrogen emission lines. The result shows that the plasma temperature and electron density vary from about 5633 K to 8810 K and 3.7 × 1020 cm−3 to 9.7 × 1020 cm−3, respectively. The temperature and electron density of the plasma produced on the river shell sample conform the Maxwell distribution and Mc Whriter criteria for the laser induced plasma in local thermal equilibrium (LTE) condition. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032039 References OPEN ACCESS 032040 The relationship of surface area to cell capacitance for monolith carbon electrode from biomass materials for supercapacitor aplication E Taer, A Agustino, R Farma, R Taslim, Awitdrus, M Paiszal, A Ira, S D Yardi, Y P Sari, H Yusra, S Nurjanah, S D Hartati, Z Aini and R N Setiadi Hide abstract View article PDF In this paper, the activated carbon monolith (ACM) for the supercapacitor electrode is produced from different of raw materials and methods. Carbon electrodes made from several materials such as rubberwood sawdust (RWSD), mission grass flower (MGF) and banana peel (BP). Preparation of the carbon electrode begins with a pre-carbonization process at a temperature of 250 °C and its followed by grinding the sample, then chemically activated using several activator agents such as KOH, ZnCl2, and NaOH. The sample is then formed into a pellet form with a pressure of 8 tons using a Hydraulic press and followed by carbonization and physical activation using a furnace in the temperature range of 600-900 °C. The difference in the electrode production process was intended to obtain the difference in samples specific surface area. The specific surface area was carried out by N2 gas adsorption-desorption method while the specific capacitance was performed by using Cyclic Voltammetry method. The surface area and capacitance are obtained by multiplying the mass on the data of specific surface area and specific capacitance. Based on the results it has been found that the capacitance of the supercapacitor cell increases linearly with the increase of the electrode surface area. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032040 References OPEN ACCESS 032041 The Characteristics Influence of The Seismic Signal Noise Using Spectral Analysis https://iopscience.iop.org/issue/1742-6596/1116/3 18/20 9/3/2019 Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1,116, 2018 - IOPscience Kerista Tarigan, Marzuki Sinambela, Albertus Tua Simanullang, Hery Sunandar and Sony Bahagia Sinaga Hide abstract View article PDF The observation of earthquake monitoring station had deployed in Indonesia. The data for this study were earthquake data recorded from BMKG Seismic Network. We use the 2016 Aceh earthquake, struck the Indonesia Island of Sumatra with Mw of 6.5 in Aceh province on December 7th 2016, at 05:03 WIB (22:03 UTC December 6th 2016) with duration 14 days from December 1st 2016, 00:00:00 UTC to December 14th 2016 00:00:00 UTC. Spectral analysis response to determine the level of background noise in the seismic station by using the Power Spectral Density and the Probability of Density function from the spectral result. The results of our background noise analysis are useful for characterizing the performance of existing BMKG Network Station, for detecting operational problem. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032041 References OPEN ACCESS 032042 Emission Spectral Profile of Salt in Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) on River Clamshell Sample T N Usmawanda, M Ramli and N Idris Hide abstract View article PDF Since the river clamshell is commonly used as one of the raw materials for making lime betel widely consumed, inspection of its salt content is very important. This work is to study the profile of salt emission spectrum from the river clamshell sample inlaser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The observation of the general emission profile is possible thanking to the availability of the optical multichannel analyzer (OMA) system with a wide wavelength coverage from 200 nm-950 nm. LIBS apparatus used in this work consist of Nd-YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet) laser and an OMA system equipped with an echelle spectrograph system. The river clamshell samples were collected from Panga River, Panga, Aceh Jaya, Aceh, Indonesia. The Panga river up streams to mountain of Gunong Ujeun, used to an intensive traditional mining location. The plasma generation was made by focusing the Nd-YAG laser beam on the clamshell sample under air surrounding gas at atmospheric pressure. There are two kinds of sample used, namely fresh sample without any treatment and pelletized sample. The result shows the emission spectrum in general consist of a large number of Ca emission lines, both atomic and ionic lines. However, several other salt emission lines such as Mg, Na, K, and Al also can be clearly observed at various wavelengths. This result suggests the emission spectrum of salt detected from the river clam sample are predominantly dominated by Ca emission lines. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032042 References OPEN ACCESS 032043 Optimization of pyramidal radar absorber for anechoic chamber application Yohandri and Z Affandi Hide abstract View article PDF The pyramidal radar absorber is widely used for internal wall of an anechoic chamber. Design pyramidal radar absorber for anechoic chamber application has been done. The purpose of this study is to design and optimize the pyramidal radar absorber design. In this work, the CST Microwave https://iopscience.iop.org/issue/1742-6596/1116/3 19/20 9/3/2019 Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1,116, 2018 - IOPscience Studio is operated in a simulation of the pyramidal radar absorber. A carbon material with the dielectric constant of 2.9 is implemented in simulated design. The design is investigated in broadband working frequency ranging from 0 GHz to 20 GHz. The best performance of simulation pyramidal radar absorber is obtained with for average reflection loss -45.59 dB, which pyramidal and base height of 132 mm and 20 mm, respectively. Simulation results show the reflection loss and transmission loss are satisfied for a radar absorber. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032043 References JOURNAL LINKS Journal home Information for organizers Information for authors Search for published proceedings Contact us Reprint services from Curran Associates https://iopscience.iop.org/issue/1742-6596/1116/3 20/20 9/3/2019 The effects of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on fabrication of Ag/Bi1.6Pb0.4Sn2Ca2Cu3O10 wire - IOPscience PAPER • OPEN ACCESS The effects of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on fabrication of Ag/Bi1.6Pb0.4Sn2Ca2Cu3O10 wire Kerista Sebayang1, Agung Imaduddin2, Hilda Ayu Marlina1, Pius Sebleku2, Satrio Herbirowo2 and Hendrik2 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1116, Physics [email protected] 1 Department of Physics, University of Sumatera Utara, Jl. Bioteknologi No. 1, Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia 2 Research Center for Metallurgy and Materials - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Gedung 470 Kawasan PUSPIPTEK, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia Kerista Sebayang et al 2018 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1116 032029 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032029 Buy this article in print Abstract This study aims to determine the effects of adding 0.1 %wt CNT on fabrication of Ag/Bi1.6Pb0.4Sn2Ca2Cu3O10 wire. The method used in this research is powder in tube (PIT). The PIT consists of several process stages; preparation of precursor, compaction of precursor in tube, wire rolling, and heat treatment. Powder mixing Bi1.6Pb0.4Sn2Ca2Cu3O10 and CNT using mortar agate for 3 hours. Rolling is done twice, up to 5 and 2.6 mm wire diameter. The heat treatment consists of the calcination at 820 °C for 20 hours and sintering at 850 °C with time variation of 9 and 30 hours. Characterization of superconductivity was performed by using cryogenic magnet to determine the critical temperature (Tc), SEM-EDX to analyze morphology, and XRD to discover the phase formed. From the research, it was found that the sample sintered for 30 hours with the diameter of 5 mm produced Tconset = 109,17 K, with phase formed is Bi(Pb)-2212. While the samples sintered for 9 hours with a diameter of 5 mm produced https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/3/032029 1/3 9/3/2019 The effects of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on fabrication of Ag/Bi1.6Pb0.4Sn2Ca2Cu3O10 wire - IOPscience Tconset = 79.5 K, with phase Bi(Pb)-2212. Moreover, the addition of CNT reduced the value of grain size. But, sample with 2.6 mm in diameter didn't show superconductivity properties. Export citation and abstract BibTeX RIS Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. 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