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NOAA-N National Aeronautics and U.S. Department of Commerce Space Administration National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Goddard Space Flight Center National Environmental Satellite, Greenbelt, Maryland Data, and Information Service Suitland,NOAA-N/1 Maryland Table of Contents POES Program ............................................................................................................................... 4 The NOAA Polar-Orbiting Satellites................................................................................. 4 Initial Joint Polar-Orbiting Operational Satellite System ................................................. 4 NOAA-N ........................................................................................................................... 6 NOAA-N Instruments..................................................................................................................... 6 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR/3) ............................................... 7 High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS/4) .................................................... 7 Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) ........................................................ 8 Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) .............................................................................. 9 Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer (SBUV/2)........................................................ 9 Space Environment Monitor (SEM-2) ............................................................................ 10 Data Collection System (DCS/2)......................................................................................11 Search and Rescue (SAR) Instruments............................................................................ 12 Digital Data Recorder (DDR).......................................................................................... 14 Delta II Launch Vehicle ................................................................................................................ 15 NOAA-N Orbit ............................................................................................................................. 16 Polar Operational Environmental Satellite Products .................................................................... 18 Spacecraft Data Communications ................................................................................................ 22 Command and Data Acquisition Station Downlinks....................................................... 22 Direct Broadcast Downlinks............................................................................................ 23 Search and Rescue Downlinks ........................................................................................ 24 National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service ............................................... 25 Satellite Operations Control Center (SOCC) .................................................................. 25 Environmental Satellite Processing Center ..................................................................... 26 Other Support Systems ................................................................................................................. 26 Search and Rescue Ground System ................................................................................. 26 Goddard Space Flight Center Facility Support ............................................................... 26 The North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD)..................................... 27 Launch, Early Orbit, and Contingency Downlink ........................................................... 27 Synopsis of Prior Spacecraft ........................................................................................................ 28 Appendix A Channel Characteristics ............................................................................................ 32 Appendix B Communications and Data Handling ....................................................................... 35 Appendix C NOAA-N Activation and Evaluation Timeline ........................................................ 36 Glossary ........................................................................................................................................ 38 NOAA-N/2 NOAA-N spacecraft on-orbit configuration LEGEND AMSU Advanced Microwave Sounding *SAR Search and Rescue Unit SBA S-Band Antenna AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution SBUV Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radio- Radiometer meter BDA Beacon Dipole Antenna SLA Search and Rescue Transmitting *DCS Data Collection System Antenna (L-Band) ESA Earth Sensor Assembly SOA S-Band Omni Antenna (2 of 6 HIRS High Resolution Infrared shown) Radiation Sounder SRA Search-and-Rescue Receiving IMP Instrument Mounting Platform Antenna IMS Inertial Measurement System TED Total Energy Detector *MEPED Medium Energy Proton/Elec- UDA Ultra High Frequency Data Collec- tron Detector tion System Antenna MHS Microwave Humidity Sounder VRA Very High Frequency Real-time NEA Nitrogen Engine Assembly Antenna SAD Solar Array Drive *Not shown in this view NOAA-N/3 POES PROGRAM The NOAA Polar-Orbiting Satellites The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Aero- nautics and Space Administration (NASA) have jointly developed a valuable series of Polar Operational Environmental Satellites (POES). These Advanced TIROS-N (ATN) spacecraft, named after the prototype satellite, TIROS-N (Television Infrared Obser- vation Satellites), have been flying since 1978. The system consists of a pair of satellites, which ensures that every part of the Earth is regularly observed at least twice every 12 hours. The satellites provide global coverage of numerous atmospheric and surface parameters, furnishing quantitative measure- ments for input to global atmospheric and surface forecast models. As users around the world have learned how to exploit this quantitative radiometric satellite data routinely, the consistency and accuracy of predictions of potentially catastrophic environmental events have improved significantly. Better prediction of these events allows emergen- cy managers to activate plans to reduce their effect and protect life and property. In addition, this continuous overlapping source of satellite data has provided the founda- tion for extensive climate and research programs. In many developing countries and over much of the oceans, satellite data is the only source of quantitative information on the state of the atmosphere and of the Earth’s surface, and is an invaluable source of real-time information about severe weather, critical for safety in these remote areas. The satellites also support an international search and rescue program. Since 1982, this program is credited with saving more than 17,000 lives by detecting and locating emergency beacons from ships, aircraft, and people in distress. Initial Joint Polar-Orbiting Operational Satellite System The launch of NOAA-N inaugurates a new era of international cooperation and intro- duces a new model for future polar-orbiting environmental satellite systems. On No- vember 19, 1998, the Administrator of NOAA and the Director-General of the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) signed an agreement creating the Initial Joint Polar-Orbiting Operational Satellite (IJPS) Sys- tem. The primary mission of the IJPS is to collect and exchange polar satellite environ- mental data between NOAA and EUMETSAT and to disseminate this data to users worldwide in support of continued and improved operational meteorological and envi- ronmental forecasting and global climate monitoring. These services have been fur- nished largely by NOAA since 1960 with the assistance of a few international partners NOAA-N/4 This figure summarizes the operational and extended lifetimes of the TIROS satellites. who have provided additional instruments to complete the satellites’ sensor suites. This agreement commits NOAA to provide the NOAA-N and -N’ satellites for launch into an afternoon orbit (the satellites will cross the Equator northbound in the afternoon), carrying the EUMETSAT-provided Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) along with the NOAA-provided suite of instruments. EUMETSAT, in turn, agrees to provide and launch two European-built meteorological satellites, Metop-1 and Metop-2, into a morn- ing orbit carrying the NOAA payload as well as several new sensors developed by EUMETSAT. Additionally, both NOAA and EUMETSAT will upgrade their ground systems to receive, process, and distribute data from each other’s satellites and will back up each other in the event of anomalies. The launch of the first Metop satellite will follow the NOAA-N launch by about a year and pick up coverage of the morning orbit now provided by NOAA-17. When NOAA-N and Metop-1 need replacing, NOAA-N’ and the second Metop satellite will be placed into service in their respective orbits. NOAA-N/5 NOAA-N Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company NOAA-N is the latest satellite in the ATN series built by Lockheed Martin Space Sys- tems Company (LMSSC). This spacecraft will continue to provide a polar-orbiting platform to support (1) environmental monitoring instruments for imaging and mea- suring the Earth’s atmosphere, its surface and cloud cover, including Earth radiation, atmospheric NOAA-N CHARACTERISTICS ozone, aerosol distribution, sea Main body: 4.19 m (13.75 ft) long, 1.88 m surface temperature, and
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