ack in the Fight— B I As Multi- National Corps-Iraq

By BG Peter C. Bayer Jr.

n April, assumed command of Multi-National Corps-Iraq (MNC-I) Ifrom the outgoing XVIII Airborne Corps. After a 38-year hiatus, I Corps, histori- cally known as America’s Corps, was back in the fight. Now in the middle of its rotation as Headquarters, MNC-I, it is the last U.S. Army corps to deploy as MNC-I, executing its first deployment as a corps headquarters since the . Just a few years ago, deploying I Corps into a theater of operations outside the Pacific Rim would have been hard to envision. The 2007 Army global force reposturing plan made I Corps one of three deployable corps head- quarters. At that time, the I Corps staff num- bered fewer than 400, with its operational fo- cus limited to Pacific contingencies, security cooperation and reserve component training. The journey to transform into an enhanced headquarters commanding Coalition forces,

34 ARMY I September 2009 - National Corps-Iraq

I Corps—America’s Corps CSM Frank Grippe, Multi-National Corps-Iraq (MNC-I) I Corps senior enlisted advisor, addresses soldiers Organized in , I Corps was forged in at Al Faw Palace at Camp Victory, Iraq, before the ar- France during , tempered in New rival of President in April. Guinea and the during World War II, and honed to a fine edge during the Korean con- flict. Having served in 20 named campaigns over its lifetime, it is the most decorated corps headquarters in the Army. Because of its soldiers’ heroic efforts, I Corps received the U.S. Presidential Unit Citation (Army) as well as the Philippine and Korean Presi- dential Unit Citations. During the undeclared “Sec- ond Korean War” (1968–69), I Corps (Group) com- manded two U.S. Infantry Divisions as well as a Korean army corps along the western sector of the demilitarized zone. Although it provided a com- mand element for northern Iraq in 2004, I Corps has not deployed the entire headquarters since the Ko- rean War. Today I Corps carries its proud legacy to the Middle East to command three divisions and a Marine Expeditionary Force while serving as Multi-National Corps-Iraq.

I Corps staff in circa 1950. America’s Corps, now in the middle of its rotation as Headquarters/Multi- National Corps-Iraq, deployed as a corps headquarters this year for the first time since the Korean War. Army/Lee Craker Army U.S. U.S.

September 2009 I ARMY 35 Iraqi security forces, a growing shift in the mission from counterinsurgency to LTG Charles H. Jacoby Jr.’s travels stability operations and the beginning in Iraq gave him in- of the U.S. drawdown of forces. The sights on the MNC-I requirement to increase the profes- operational environ- sionalization of the Iraqi army and po- ment that helped lice through aggressive partnering him prepare I Corps would become essential. for its mission. The Corps would arrive in Iraq in time to begin the detailed planning that will culminate in a merger of six existing headquarters into a single headquarters—U.S. Forces-Iraq. The Corps staff and leadership had to cul- tivate a mind-set built around the changing mission and operational en- vironment.

Training and Preparation Training and mission rehearsal ex- ercises occupied much of the summer and fall of 2008. Along the way, I Army Corps staff established exceptional re- U.S. lationships with their MNC-I counter- partnering with Iraqi security forces and assisting in the parts in XVIII Airborne Corps. This included outstanding development of Iraq’s democracy was under way. Prepara- cooperation at every level, from the two commanding gen- tions included increased staffing, fielding new equipment erals to every staff section. In an innovative move, I Corps’ and changing the culture within the Corps. long-range planners deployed early and integrated into the existing MNC-I staff. This helped the , A New Culture Wash., team develop early situational awareness and get a I Corps continued to play a large role in Pacific Com- jump on planning before the transfer of authority. I Corps mand’s theater engagement strategy during 2007 and con- subsequently phased in future plans, then future opera- ducted four major exercises. During this same period, the tions before finally taking over current operations at the Corps leadership completed a gap analysis to establish re- transfer of authority. This tack allowed for reduced friction quirements for full operational capability. The team visited and increased continuity during the pre- and post-transfer the Pentagon to request assistance from the Army Staff and of authority periods. gained assurances that the Corps would be staffed and During the Corps’ preparation, personnel and equip- equipped to meet its mission. The established individual ment arrived at an increasing pace. The Corps upgraded and organizational training requirements would ensure its automated command-and-control systems and pre- that the headquarters was physically ready. The challenge pared to deploy its analysis control element. By summer for Corps leadership was to prepare the organization intel- 2008, a modified table of equipment and organization lectually for the mission. raised I Corps personnel billets above the 800 mark, mak- I Corps would arrive during unprecedented change to ing I Corps the largest corps headquarters in the Army in- the operational environment, with the new security agree- ventory. ment turning over more and more responsibility to the A senior leaders’ conference in September 2008 gathered commanders inside and outside the Corps for discussions BG Peter C. Bayer Jr. has served in command and staff posi- about the mission. Nearly all future MNC-I subordinate tions in the United States, Germany and the Middle East. He commanders were present. The goal was to build a team served as the operations officer (G-3) of the 3rd Infantry Divi- and cultivate a vision that would be tested against reality sion (Mechanized) at Fort Stewart, Ga., and in Kuwait and in Iraq by the commanders who would serve together un- Iraq during Operation Iraqi Freedom I. While deployed in der the MNC-I colors. support of Operation Iraqi Freedom III, BG Bayer served si- By October 2008, I Corps completed its transformation, multaneously as commander, 11th Armored Cavalry Regi- achieving full operational capability and certification as a ment, and as the Multinational Force-Northwest chief of staff Joint headquarters. Its agile soldiers were prepared for any in , Iraq. BG Bayer is currently serving as the I Corps contingency in Iraq, small or large. After one last coun- chief of staff and has deployed with I Corps to be the MNC-I terinsurgency-focused mission rehearsal exercise, the chief of staff. Corps would move out to Iraq.

36 ARMY I September 2009 Boots on the Ground and Iraqi Army Partnering sections of the security agreement that required U.S. forces One of the first major efforts in assuming command of to move combat forces out of Iraqi cities. MNC-I was to increase the scope and intensity of partner- Urban security responsibilities now fall exclusively to ship with the Iraqi ground forces command (IGFC). I the Iraqi security forces, while U.S. forces stand ready to Corps established a joint presence with the IGFC inside a advise, assist and support when requested. Although the combined partnership operations center (CPOC) at Camp change was spelled out in the security agreement, Ameri- Victory, Iraq, in May. can and Iraqi units conducted detailed coordination to put The CPOC is helping to synchronize efforts, enhance co- the terms of the agreement into practice. An example of operation and create a climate of transparency between this cooperation occurred when the commanding generals Iraqi and U.S. forces. The center represents an important of MNC-I and the IGFC conducted a joint video-teleconfer- milestone in establishing open lines of communication and ence with 52 subordinate commands to explain implemen- coordination between our militaries. It is a positive reflec- tation of the security agreement and the “out of the cities” tion of our partnership with the Iraqis and the realization provision. LTG Charles H. Jacoby Jr., the MNC-I com- of the cultural preparation I Corps undertook before its de- manding general, described the meeting as an example of ployment. I Corps’ initiative capitalizes on the efforts of “partnership at the highest level,” where American and the Corps previously serving as MNC-I. Iraqi commanders had frank and open discussions regard- One of I Corps’ hallmarks is its depth of experience ing practical implementation of the security agreement. working with other nations’ armed forces, including those The Corps’ partnership is resonating with commanders of , Canada, France, Great Britain, the Philip- at level and below. This is no more evident than in pines, and, more recently, nations of the Pa- Iraq’s capital, where Multi-National Division-Baghdad cific Rim. The Corps has a history of building interarmy (MND-B) works closely with Iraqi Maj. Gen. Abboud Qan- partnership and teamwork. bar, the Baghdad operations center commander. During a On June 30, Iraq witnessed a significant milestone as recent Pentagon press conference, MG Daniel Bolger, the MNC-I and its subordinate elements began implementing MND-B commander, commented on that relationship. Army U.S. LTG Jacoby (left) tours the recently opened Abu Ghraib Fire Station in May. The I Corps commanding general emphasizes the importance of partnership with the Iraqis. The quality of the U.S.-Iraqi partnership will define the current operational environment as well as lay the foundation for enduring security in coming years.

38 ARMY I September 2009 Then-COL Heidi Brown (left), deputy commanding gen- eral for sustainment, accompanied LTG Jacoby on a No- vember trip to Basra, Iraq. Army U.S.

“He commands a much larger force [in Baghdad] than I do,” MG Bolger said. “He has about 150,000 people in all, six complete Iraqi divisions. About a third of [the Iraqis] are in the army and another third in the various kinds of police. The rest are the Sons of Iraq, who are the local ver- sion of neighborhood watch, and they’re very important in this war. They’re the former insurgents who reconciled to our side … Gen. Abboud refers to them truly as his sons— not just sons of Iraq, but as his sons. He says, ‘I treat them just like my own soldiers and police,’ and he’s been doing that.” The I Corps commanding general emphasized that part- nership is the name of the game, all the way from general to private, especially in the cities. The quality of our part- nership will not only define the current operational envi- ronment but also lay the foundation for enduring security in the years to come. Enormous challenges lie ahead in the coming months. Iraq’s second national election will take place in January. The election represents a milestone on Iraq’s journey toward a stable and secure democracy. Although much rests on the shoulders of the Iraqis, I Corps and Multi-National Force- Iraq will stand by their side to make security gains perma- nent and to see the mission through to its completion. (

MNC-I soldiers from Camp Victory work with 1st Cavalry Divi- sion troops and Australian Coalition soldiers to transport new furniture to a home for handicapped children in Baghdad. U.S. Army/PFC Karin A. Leach Army/PFC Karin U.S.

40 ARMY I September 2009