2410 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 24 for improvement in proposed tax legislation, the Internal Revenue Code are required to be The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there and promulgating a plan which contemplates performed. objection? a new method of paying income taxes; to the The message also announced that the Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. Committee on Ways and Means. Speaker, I reserve the right to object. 335. By Mr KEARNEY: Petition of the New Senate had passed, with an amendment York State Legislature, petitioning the Con­ in which the concurrence of the House This seems to be merely a clerical cor· gress of the United States to amend the is requested, a bill of the House of the rection. social-security law to include certain em­ following title: Mr. VINSON of Georgia. When the ployees now excluded from the benefits of bill was before the House it read "de­ the social-security law; to the Committee on H. R.1780. An act to increase the debt fense" and when engrossed, it read "de­ Ways and Means. limit of the United States, and for other fenses." This is an amendment to cor­ 336. By Mr. ROLPH: Resolution of the In­ purposes. rect that clerical error. ternational Association of Bridge, Structural, and Ornamental Iron Workers, Shopmen's The message also announced that the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Local Union of the Bay Area, No. 472, San Senate insists upon its amendment to the objection to the request of the gentle· Francisco, relative to the rationing program foregoing bill, requests u conference with man from Georgia? of the Office of Price Administration; to the the House on the disagreeing votes of the There was no objection. Committee on Banking and Currency. two Houses thereon, and appoints Mr. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The 337. Also, resolution of the International GEORGE, Mr. WALSH, Mr. BARKLEY, Mr. question is on agreeing to the Senate Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, Local amendment. Union 202, San Francisco, Calif., endorsing LA FOLLETTE, and Mr. VANDENBERG to be resolution of San Francisco Labor Council, the conferees on the part of the Senate. The Senate amendment was agreed to. relative to the rationing program of the Office The message also announced that the A motion to reconsider laid on the of Price Administration; to the Committee Senate agrees to the amendments of the table. on Banking and Currency. House to a bill of the Senate of the fol­ DEBT LIMIT OF UNITED STATES lowing title: Mr. DISNEY.· Mr. Speaker, I ask S. 17. An act to provide for a temporary ad­ unanimous consent to take from the justment of salaries of the Metropolitan Po­ Speaker's table the bill (H. R. 1780) to HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lice, the United States Park Police, tr.e White increas·e the debt limit of the United House Police, and the members of the Fire VVEDNESDAY, ~ARCH 24, 1943 States and for other purposes, with Department of the' District of Columbia. Senate amendments thereto, disagree to The House was called to order by the The message also announced that the the Senate amendments, and agree to Speaker pro tempore, Mr. McCoRMACK, Acting President pro tempore had ap­ the conference asked by the Senate. at 12 o'clock noon. pointed Mr. BARKLEY and Mr. BREWSTER The SPEAKER pro tempore. The The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera members of the Joint Select Committee Clerk will report the title of the bill. Montgomery, D. D., offered the following on the part of the Senate, as provided The Clerk reported the title of the prayer: for in the act of August 5, .1939, entitled bill. "An act to provide for the disposition of The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there 0 Thou who art all in all, the fountain objection to the request of the gentle­ of infinite love, we approach Thy foot­ certain records of the United States Gov­ ernment," for the disposition of execu­ man from Oklahoma? "Stool in gratitude and prayer. We come There was no objection. to Thee not in fear nor distress, for Thy tive papers in the following department and agencies: The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without ~odness is ever with us and Thy mercy 1. Department of the Navy. objection the Chair appoints the follow­ endureth forever. Thou art the ever­ ing . conferees: Mr. DauGHTON, Mr. lasting Son of the Father and nothing 2. Federal Trade Commission. 3. Interstate Commerce Commission. COOPER, Mr. DISNEY, Mr. KNUTSON, Mr. can ever equal or surpass the holy Ex­ REED of New York. emplar of men. Sadly, dear Lord, some 4. Tennessee Valley Authority. choose self-preservation, others prefer­ 5. United States Tariff Commission. EXTENSION OF REMARKS ment or riches: But when Thou tookest LEAVE TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Speaker, I ask upon Thee to deliver man, Thou didst Mr. MAHON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to extend my re­ humble Thyself to be born of the Holy unanimous consent that after the dis­ marks in the RECORD and include a short Virgin and didst glorify the cross with position of business on the Speaker's excerpt from an address delivered to the Thine own sacrifice. table today, and other special orders, graduating class of the University of Almighty God, we pray that men and the gentleman from Pennsylvania EMr. Pennsylvania. nations may cease pounding themselves SNYDER] may be permitted to address The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there to pieces in the storm of savage hate. objection? the House for 10 minutes. There was no objection. The world waits anxiously and reverently The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there bows at the altar of Thy will until the THE GINSBURG CASE old things are passed a way and all things objection? become new. Everywhere let personal There was no objection. Mr. FLANNAGAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask aggrandizement be crucified, all anger Mr. WOODRUFF of Michigan. Mr. unanimous consent to proceed for 1 min­ calmed, and prejudice give way to Chris­ Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that ute. tian unity. Prepare us by gain and loss, after the disposition of business today The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there by joy and sorrow, to rise above all things and other special orders, I be permitted objection? false, giving contented and liberated to address the House for 10 minutes. There was no objection. minds, and do Thou hush all selfish spir­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there EMr. FLANNAGAN addressed the House. its. We pray that the United Nations, objection? His remarks appear in the Appendix.] with no acclaim of infinite power but There was no objection. (By unanimous consent, Mr. FLANNA­ with hands clasped and with one voice, GAN was granted leave to extend his re­ CONSTRUCTION OF CERTAIN PUBLIC marks and include certain excerpts may lead the chorus of a redeemed world WORKS until the allies of freedom shall become taken from the record of the Costello the legions of peace. Through Jesus Mr. VINSON of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, committee and certain letters dealing Christ, our Lord. Amen. I ask unanimous consent to take from with Mr. Ginsburg's attempt to be de­ the Speaker's table the bill (H. R. 1692) ferred from Army service.) The Journal of the proceedings of yes­ to authorize the Secretary of the Navy terday was read and approved. EXTENSION. OF REMARKS to proceed with the construction of cer­ Mr. HEIDINGER. Mr. Speaker, I ask MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE tain public works, and for other pur­ unanimous consent to extend my re~ A message from the Senate, by Mr. poses, with a Senate amendment thereto, marks in the RECORD and include a reso· Frazier, its legislative clerk, announced and concur in the Senate amendment. lution passed by the House of Represent­ that the Senate had passed without The SPEAKER pro tempore. The atives of the General Assembly of the amendment a joint resolution of the Clerk will report the Senate amendment. State of IDinois. House o~ the following title: The Clerk read as follows: The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there H. J. Res. 100. Joint resolution extending Page 2, line 8, strike out "defensea" and objection? the time within which certain acts under 1nsert "defense." :There was no objection. 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2411 Mr. O'CONNOR. Mr. Speaker, I ask ' sense of well-being by a statement of the Mr. SUNDSTROM. Mr. Speaker, I unanimous consent to extend my re­ Secretary of Agriculture relative to the ask unanimous consent to extend my re­ marks in the RECORD and include a joint increased production of poultry and va­ marks in the RECORD and include a letter memorial passed by the Twenty-eighth rious products. We find there will be no addressed to me by the director of a via­ Legislative Assembly of the State of additional machinery for the production tion of the State of New Jersey. · Montana. of those poultry items. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there The SPEAKER prv tempore. Is there Now we have just gone through a great objection? objection? scrap drive. Millions of pounds of scrap There was no objection. There was no objection. have been contributed by the farmers of Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask EFFECT OF ~THHOLDING TAX ON this Nation. A second scrap drive is unanimous consent to extend my own re­ CERTAIN RAILROAD EMPLOYEES about to proceed. Could we blame the marks in the RECORD and include therei::t farmer if., when this drive . takes place, an editorial. Mr. O'CONNOR. Mr. Speaker, I ask he demands the equivalent of a plow for The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there unanimous consent to proceed for 1 min­ a plow, or a drag for a drag? objection? ute and revise and extend my remarks. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time There was no objection. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there of the gentleman from Ohio has expired. Mr. McWILLIAMS. . Mr. Speaker, I objection? EXTENSION OF REMARKS ask unanimous consent to extend my re­ There was no objection. marks in the Appendix and include Mr. O'CONNOR. Mr. Speaker, I re­ Mr. LANE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ therein excerpts from one of the leading ceived a very interesting letter from one mous consent to extend my remarks and newspapers in my district pertaining to of my constituents living in Livingston, include therein a speech made by me be­ the gasoline and meat shortages. Mont., my nome town, with reference fore the Committee on the Merchant Ma­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there to the proposed tax measure coming be­ rine and Fisheries on March 18. objection? fore the House withholding 20 percent The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there There was no objection. of the monthly wage. The letter is in objection? (By unanimous consent, Mr. GWYNNE respect to the average paid railroad There was no objection. and Mr. BENNETT of Michigan were worker drawing $200 a month and what Mr .. SPRINGER. Mr. Speaker, I ask granted permission to extend their own he has left for living expenses after nec­ unanimous consent to extend my re­ remarks in the RECORD.) · essary deductions. A break-down shows marks in 'the RECORD and include therein he has but $23.25 to live on. Can ·he an article by Mr. Horace C. Carlyle, of BORROWING TO PAY TAXES do it? Washington, on the Capitol pages. Mr. CARLSON of Kansas. Mr. The letter follm;s: The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad­ Foodstuffs in the chain stores here in objection? · dress the House for 1 minute and to re­ Livingston have increased over 33% percent There was no objection, vise and extend my remarks. over a year ago. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Take the average top-paid railroad worker THE RUML PLAN objection? here in Livingston who is drawing $200 a Mr. GEARHART. Mr. Speaker, I ask There was no objection. month if he works a full week of 7 days, 8 hours a day. or 56 hours. unanimous consent to address the House Mr. CARLSON of Kansas. Mr. Here is how it would work out: for 1 minute. Speaker, I am placing in the RECORD to­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there day an answer to those who contend Monthly salarY------$200.00 objection? that we do not need to ·get on a current 20 percent withholding tax for 1943_ 40. oo There was no objection. . tax payment basis. This is a statement 15 percent we are saving each month Mr. GEARHART. Mr. Speaker, what just released by the vice president of tne to apply on 1942 taxes______30. 00 has become of the Ruml gift plan? Morris Plan Bank, of New York City. 10 percent bond deduction______20. 00 Though we will commence the consid­ Fifty thousand families in the city of 3%, percent deduction for Railroad eration ef various tax plans tomorrow, to New York borrowed $10,000,000 to pay Pension Act ------6. 50 their taxes for the first quarter. It is Group insurance______7.50 date not one of our 435 Representatives has consented to father this Wall Street estimated that a half million families N. P. B. A. insurance------1. 75 in the Nation borrowed $100,000,000 to Accident and health insurance_____ 5. 00 boondoggling proposal." Life insurance______10. 00 pay their taxes for the same period. It The gentleman from Kansas [Mr. is estimated for the second, third, and Rent------35.00 CARLSON] came a little closer to it than Light------3.00 any other. fourth quarters, based on past borrow­ Heat (10 inches snow on ground, 20° ing experience, we will have 5,000,000 above now)------16. 00 He got close enough to get a whiff of American families borrowing $1,000,000,- Telephone______2. 00 its bad smell-dropped a bill and ran 000. The American people are demand­ back a mile, stopped, got another whiff, ing pay-as-you-go tax legislation. We 176.75 dropped another bill, resumed his flight. must not let them down. I ask you to This leaves a balance of $23.25 for two When still a mile farther away, a third read the statement in the Appendix of people to live on for 30 days. Is there a whiff resulted in the dropping of another the RECORD. Congressman in Washington who can go back bill and another hasty get-away. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The on the farm and live on less than $12 a When last heard from he was still run­ time of the gentleman from Kansas has month? ning away from the Ruml plan-right FARM MACHINERY expired. into the arms of the committee bill, we Mr. CARLSON of Kansas. Mr. Speak­ Mr. CLEVENGER. Mr. Speaker, I ask hope, we hope. er, I ask unanimous consent to extend unanimous consent to address the House So, Mr. Speaker, I again inquire, What my remarks in the Appendix and include for 1 minute and to revise and extend my has become of that sweet-scented tax­ a statement from the Morris Plan Bank. remarks. gypping proposal of Banker Ruml of The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there which we have heard so much? objection? objection? The SPEAKER pro tempore. The There was no objection. There was no objection. time of the gentleman from California TEACHERS COME FIRST Mr. CLEVENGER. Mr. Speaker, the has expired. Mr. BUFFETT. Mr. Speaker, I ask members of the Committee on Agricul­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS ture, which has been dealing for many unanimous consent to address the House weeks with this serious problem of man­ Mr. ·ABERNETHY. Mr. Speaker, I for 1 minute and to revise and extend power and machinery on the farm, are ask unanimous consent to revise and ex­ my remarks. absolutely alarmed by the knowledge tend my remarks on .the Agricultural The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there that practically no steel has been allotted Adjustment Act. objection? for production machinery. Possibly some The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there There was no objection. may be available by harvest time. The objection? Mr. BUFFETT. Mr. Speaker, Diogenes country is rather lulled into a mistaken There was no objection. said, "The foundation of the state is the 2412 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 24 education of its youth." Diogenes was high up on scaffoldings, and noted the and expose some of his present plans right. But in America today, as a result great expansion and activity on every which even a dumb Congressman cannot of ignorance or bungling in Washington, side, I was still more convinced that the· help but see through, Niles is a prac­ that foundation is beginning to crumble. award was well placed. There is little tical politician. He will stop at nothing. How? The school teachers of America absenteeism in this yard; men every­ including preying on the patriotism of · are being enticed to trade the genuine where were showing their patriotism by the fathers and mothers of this country honor of the noblest profession for the being on the job and working. The good whose sons and daughters are now in intoxication of martial glory. Under the morale that exist,s throughout this yard the services. I intend to show that he is lure of Hollywood recruiting practices was, I think, best expressed by one of the building a stupendous political organi­ and a misdirected sense of patriotism, speakers, who said: zation cleverly and serenely screened they are leaving posts of solemn duty. Here the men are free to work, or strike, within the Office of Civilian Defense, the Here is the tragedy of the farm and food or belong to a union of his liking. Office of War Information, and others. crisis all over again. I intend to take the floor, Mr. Speaker, In October 1942, the United States Of­ Then it occurred to me that here in and bring forth that expose regardless of fice of Education informs me, 7,500 class­ Washington and elsewhere throughout whether or not this House and Senate rooms were without teachers. In Febru­ the country we could cooperate in this later pass this outrageous, un-American ary 1943, 4 months later, over 12,500 gigantic war effort by eliminating waste, Gestapo bill now under consideration in classrooms were vacant-an increase of saving food wherever possible, by put­ this body, ting into effect the phrase I coined the over 70 percent in teachers lost and not EXTENSION OF REMARKS replaced·. other day and which I hope will become If the future of America's youth means a national slogan. I am inviting every Mr. STARNES of Alabama. Mr. anything to them, I call on the responsi­ Member of the House to join by putting Speaker, I ask unanimous tonsent that ble authorities of this administration for into effect my program of "lick your my colleague the gentleman from Texas appropriate action. Tell the school platter clean." It is the patriotic thing [Mr. MANSFIELD} may have permission teachers of America, "The minds and to do. to extend his own remarks in the REc­ souls of our children are a sacred respon­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS ORD aml to include therein excerpts from sibility, entrusted to you. Serve America Mr. BRADLEY of Michigan. Mr. public documents. most nobly by remaining at your post." Speaker, I have three requests: First, to The SPEAKER pro tempore. , With­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time extend my own remarks and include a out objection, it is so ordered. of the gentleman has expired. broadcast delivered by me recently. There was no objection. FOOD SUPPLIES FOR ALASKA The SPEAKER pro tempore. With­ PARENTAL SACRIFICES TO THE WAR out objection, it is so ordered. EFFORT Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan- There was no objection. 1mous consent to address the House for Mr. JENKINS. Mr. Speaker, I ask ·1 minute and to revise and extend my Mr. BRADLEY of Michigan. Second, unanimous consent to address the House remarks. that I may be permitted to extend my for 1 minute. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there remarks in the Appendix and include as The SPEAKER pro tempore. With .. objection? part thereof an article by John O'Don­ out objection, it is so ordered. There was no objection. nell. There was no objection. [Mr. KEEFE addressed the House. His The SPEAKER pro tempore. With­ [Mr. JENKINS addressed the House. remarks appear in the Appendix.] out objection, it is so ordered. His remarks appear in the AppendiX.] There was no objection. EXTENSION OF REMARKS EXTENSION OF REMARKS THE NILES POLITICAL MACHINE Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Speaker, may I sub­ Mr. RIZLEY. Mr. Speaker, I have mit this further request? I ask unani­ Mr. BRADLEY of Michigan. Mr. two requests to submit: First, that I mous consent to revise and extend my Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to may be permitted to extend my own own remarks and to include a brief joint address the House for 1 minute and to remarks in the Appendix of the RECORD resolution adopted by both the houses of revise and extend my own remarks. and include therein a copy of Concur­ the Legislature of the State of Wisconsin The SPEAKER pro tempore. With­ rent Resolution No. 14 of the Oklahoma relating to the allocation of butter for out objection, it is so ordered. Legislature memorializing the Secretary lease-lend shipment and to the use of There was no objection. of Agriculture to release all restrictions butter by our armed services. Mr. BRADLEY of Michigan. Mr. on cotton; and, second, that I may ex­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without Speaker, on Monday morning in the tend in the REcoRD a copy of House Res­ objection, it is so ordered. Washington Times-Herald I read an olution No. 36 of the Oklahoma Legis­ There was no objection. interesting editorial written by John lature memorializing the Secretary of Agriculture to remove some of the re­ PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE O'Donnell in his Capital Stufi column, which article I intend to include in the strictions on the inspection of cattle. Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I ask Appendix. The article dealt with one The SPEAKER pro tempore. With­ unanimous consent to address the House David K. Niles, brother-in-law of Harry out objection, it is so ordered. for 1 minute and to revise and extend my Hopkins, and the outstanding exponent There was no objection. own remarks. of the passion for anonymity so frequent­ Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without ly displayed by many behind-the-scenes imous consent to revise and extend the objection, it is so ordered. policy makers of the New Deal. I noticed remarks I made a few moments ago and There was no objection. that this David K. Niles seems to have to include therein the letter referred to Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, yesterday been put in command of the fourth-term from the Secretary of the Interior. at" Chester, Pa., in the great Sun ship­ drive. Niles is a very, very clever oper­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. With­ yard, I saw for the first time a ship ator and I take off my hat to him for his out objection, it is so ordered. launching. When those three great cleverness. In my speech on the Trojan · There was no objection. tankers that we are reading about today horse in the merchant marine, May 13, MORRIS ~LAN BANK TAX STATEMENT­ in the headlines slid down the ways I got 1940, I exposed many of Mr. Niles nefari­ ABILITY TO PAY TAXES NOW one of the thrills of my life. ous actions. Niles did some clever work Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Speaker, I ask The Maritime Commission awarded behind the scenes and in the cellars and unanimous consent to address the House the Sun Co. theM-flag for efilciency in sewers during the famous third-term for 1 minute. production which, I am sure, was well convention in Chicago in 1940. I suspect The SPEAKER pro tempore. With­ earned. he will pull many diversified and clev£-:: out objection. it is so ordered. As we were escorted through the great tricks in his management of the fourth­ There was no objection. shipyard with its many shipways, the term campaign. Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Speaker, in thought occurred to me that maybe the I intend to delve into some of his ac­ reading the press release which has been "economic royalists" are helping to win tivities to date in setting up the greatest submitted by the Morris Plan Bank of this war. As I observed the 20,000 work­ political machine in all time in any New York City we must bear in mind ers, many of them working in groups nation. Next week, I shall take the floor that New York City is not a war-produc- 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2413 tion center. I think, therefore, it is fair PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE the Committee of the Whole House on the to say that the presentation of figures state of the Union for the consideration of Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask the bill (H. R. 1698) to amend the act en­ based upon experience shown in that par­ unanimous consent to proceed for 1 titled "An act to aid in stabilizing the cost ticular locality is unfair and unsafe, so minute and to revise and extend my own of living" (Public Law No. 729, 77th Cong). far as the balance of the country is con­ remarks in the RECORD. That after general debate, which shall be cerned. It would be well to study the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there confined to the bill and shall continue not· fiow of war riollars into the hands of the objection to the request of the gentle­ to exceed 2 hours, to be equally divided and people who reside in the great war-pro­ man from Michigan [Mr. HoFFMAN]? controlled by the chairman and ran king duction centers; observe there the rapid m inority member of the Committee on I;3ank­ There was no objection. ing and Currency, the bill shall be read for increase in demand and time deposits; [Mr. HOFFMAN addressed the House. amendment under the 5-minute tule. At decline in personal indebtedness, and rise His remarks appear in the Appendix. J the conclusion of the reading of the bill for in liquid savings. New York City is not Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. Speaker, I ask amendment, the Committee shall rise and the United States. unanimous consent that at the end of report the same to the House with such Furthermore, the statistician of that amendments as may have been adopt ed and the day and at the conclusion of all the previous question shall be considered as particular bank which filed these figures special orders heretofore entered, I may in no way reflected the liquid savings, ordered on the bill and amendments thereto be permitted to address the House for to final passage without intervening motion the cash on hand, and other resources 15 minutes. except one motion to recommit. which those particular people may have The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, a parlia­ had at their command. A lot of people objection to the request of the gentle­ borrow money in order to avoid digging mentary inquiry. man from New York [Mr. KENNEDYJ? The SPEAKER pro tempore. The into their savings, and, as a matter of There was no objection. fact, if you will look at the ban ~{ records gentleman will state it. you will find many people put up their EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, what savings books as collateral on the loans Mr. REED of New York. Mr. Speaker, happened to the bill we had up yester­ which they obtain from the banks. I ask unanimous consent to extend my day? There is a lot of whiffiepoof in all these own remarks in the RECORD and to in­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. The figures that are being submitted, and so clude therein an editorial. Chair will state that that bill will be far as I am personally concerned I am The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there considered later. not going ta be misled by something objection to the request of the gentle..: Mr. RANKIN. Can the Chair give us which gives only a small part of the pic­ man from New York [Mr. REED]? any information as to how much later? ture. If you will give me the whole pic­ The later the better so far as I am con­ There was no objection. cerned, but I would like to know how ture in the form of statistics, then I will Mr. DISNEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask be interested and pay some attention to much later. it. Last year we saved $28,900,000,000 of unanimous consent to insert in the The SPEAKER pro tempore. The liquid savings in this country. This year RECORD certain analyses and tabulations Chair welcomes the inquiry and feels the the best figures I can get from Govern­ which I believe to be correct, explaining Members of the House should be ad­ ment agencies indicate that we will save the statement with reference to salary vised with respect to the legislative pro­ at least $43,000,000,000 in liquid savings. increases inserted in the RECORD yester­ gram. These savings vf last year, plus the high day by the disting~.ished gentleman After this bill, if the conference re­ income which will :flow this year, will from Louisiana [Mr. ALLEN]. port on the debt-limit bill is ready and certainly place someone in position to The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there reported that will then be disposed of. pay Federal taxes. This fact might as objection to the request of the gentle­ The Chair assumes that that will not well be recognized now as later, as some­ man from Oklahoma [Mr. DISNEY]? take very long. The Chair feels that the one will have to pay taxes, and a lot of There was no objection. debate on the tax bill should ·start to­ them as measured in dollars. CONSIDERATION OF CONFERENCE RE­ morrow. If it appears that after the The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time PORT ON H. R. 1780, THE DEBT LIMIT disposition of the Steagall bill and the of the gentleman has expired. BILL conference report there is not sufficient time during the remainder of the after­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. DISNEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask noon to dispose of the bill that was un­ Mr. BRYSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that it may be in der consideration yesterday, it is the unanimous consent to extend my own re­ order today to consider the conference thought of the Chair that the bill should marks in the RECORD and to include report on the bill H. R. 1780, notwith­ go over until after the disposition of therein a statement from the Christian standing clause 2 of rule XXVIII. the tax bill. Science Monitor. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Mr. RANKIN. I may say to the Chair The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the gentle­ that I am of the opinion that it will take objection to the request of the gentleman man from Oklahoma [Mr. DISNEY]?. a great deal more time than was first from South Carolina [Mr. BRYSON]? Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. anticipated to dispose of the bill that was Speaker, reserving the right to· object, under consideration on yesterday, and PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE and I am not going to object, merely for I think carrying it over until after the Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask the information of the House will the disposition of the tax bill would be a unanimous consent to address the House gentleman state that we will have that wise move. for 1 minute and to revise and extend my up later in the afternoon? The SPEAKER pro tempore. The own remarks in the RECORD. Mr. DISNEY. If the conferenc~ com­ Chair is of the opinion that the ·gentle­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there mittee agrees on a report, yes. man's observation is sound. objection to the request of the gentleman The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Mr. CELLER and Mr. HOFFMAN rose. from Mississippi [Mr. RANKIN]? objection to the request of the gentle­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Does There was no objection. man from Oklahoma [Mr. DISNEY]? the gentleman from Tilinois yield to the [Mr. RANKIN addressed the House. There was no objection. gentleman from New York or to the gen­ His remarks appear in the Appendix.] tleman from Michigan for the purpose of AMENDMENT TO ACT TO AID IN STA­ submitting an inquiry? EXTENSION OF REMARKS BILIZING THE COS'l' OF LIVING Mr. SABATH. I yield to the gentleman Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, I call up from New York. unanimous consent to extend my own House Resolution 172, and ask for its Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, I am ask­ remarks in the RECORD and to include an immediate consideration. ing at the suggestion of the distinguished editorial. The Clerk read the resolution, as chairman of the Judiciary Committee The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there follows: · whether what the Chair has just stated objection to the request of the gentle­ Resolved, That immediately upon the adop­ means that the war-security bill there­ man from Michigan [Mr. HOFFMAN]? tion of this resolution it shall be in order fore will not come up until some day next There was no objection. to move that the House resolve itself into week? 2414 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 24 The SPEAKER pro tempore. The commodities or for any commodity processed the Committee on Ru1es for their con­ Chair has not gone quite as far as that or manufactured in whole or in substantial sideration. May I ask my distinguished in his observation in reply to the parlia­ part from any agricultural commodity. colleague from nlinois if he does not mentary inquiry of the gentleman from I am really fearfu1, as many other recognize the fact that agricu1ture is just Mississippi, but the Chair very strongly Members are, that the proponents of as important in this war effort as the feels that that condition will develop. this as well as other bills that we have manufacture of planes, guns, and muni­ Does the gentleman from Illinois yield already passed, and those that are pend­ tions with which to combat the enemy? to the gentleman from Michigan? ing, are going altogether too far, and I Mr. SABATH. I concede that. I Mr. SABATH. I yield. fear that in the near future these laws will not quarrel with the gentleman on Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, does the may react against the best interests of that. ruling just made by the Chair-- our farmers. The provisions of this bill Mr. ZIMMERMAN. Does not the The SPEAKER pro tempore. The together with the benefits granted un­ gentleman believe this legislation is in Chair has not made a ruling, the Chair der the Pace bill is bound to increase the the interest of all the people of this coun­ has made an observation. cost of living. try who ~:..re vitally concerned right now Mr. HOFFMAN. Is that observation Of course, I recognize that labor en­ with whether or not we are going to have equivalent to a motion to recommit, in gaged in war activities is receiving a high enough food to feed the people at home, effect? wage, but somehow or another we are · · our armed services, and the people in The SPEAKER pro tempore. Of neglecting to take into consideration the other countries who are dependent upon course, the gentleman from Michigan is millions of men and women who are not us? capable of answering that question him­ receiving these high wages, and espe­ Mr. SABATH. I am just as much self, because the question answers itself. cially the white-collar group. Within interested as you are, sir, to see that the Mr. HOFFMAN. I thank the Chair. the last year the cost of living has in­ people of this Nation and our armed I did not understand. creased over 50 percent, but these people forces and those that are relying upon The SPEAKER pro tempore. Of in whom I am interested especially­ us should have sufficient food, and I haVe course, it does not; that is the answer. namely, professional workers, office help, every reason to believe from the reports Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, the reso­ store clerks, dentists, nurses, municipal that I have perused that this year's crops lution makes in order the bill H. R. 1698, and State employees, and a great many will be even greater than the record a bill to amend the act entitled "An act other groups too numerous, in fact, to crops of 1942. I am of the opinion that to aid in stabilizing the cost of living," mention-have not received any in­ many of you gentlemen are undu1y known as the Steagall bill. I myself was crease or at least a small increase in alarmed, or in your extreme anxiety to under the impression that we would pro­ their wages and salaries. They repre­ pass this beneficial farm legislation, you ceed this morning with the bill that was sent in vast numbers that g.. oup of un­ are losing sight of the fact that though under consideration yesterday, the bill organized workers. They have no one we will grow sufficient crops it will be that was reported from the Judiciary here to speak for them. I feel that it is impossible for the rank and file of the Committee. So consequently I have had our duty to tak.~ that into consideration, American consumers and especially the little time to prepare my views on the because thousands upon thousands of wage earners and the white-collar bill. families will not be able to exist on the workers to purchase food because of the The resolution provides for 2 hours of meager wages or salaries they now re­ extremely high prices which their earn­ general debate on the bill, and when the ceive, if we continue to increase the cost ings will not permit. rule is adopted it will be taken up under of living. Therefore, I feel that we I concede that agricu1ture is needed the 5-minute ru1e and be open for r;hould give due consideration to them and that it is entitled to consideration, amendments. when voting on this bill. but it has received consideration. I say This is one additional bill in the in­ The Committee on Rules has, as usual, to the gentleman and to all others that terest of agriculture and the farmers of granted a special rule for the considera­ in the last 10 years we have appropriated the United States. I honestly believe, tion of this bill. It has been my policy $11,000,000,000 to agriculture. This bill Mr. Speaker, that the farmers and agri­ and the policy of the Committee on and other bills will increase the amount culture in general are not seeking this Rules to give the House the right and that must be paid by the Government legislation. I think this legislation has privilege to vote on any and all matters and the people by many more billions of been sponsored by some of the leaders of important to the people of the country. dollars. the agricu1tural groups and a few over­ This is the reason I have reported this anxious Representatives in the House. Will there not be justification on the rule, just as I have many others. Surely part of labor to demand higher wages You may recall that only a few days the agricu1tural leaders here and ago we passed the bill reported by the if the cost of living will continue to in­ throughout the Nation cannot com­ crease, and, gentlemen, this is bound to Agricultural Committee providing for plain; in fact, they must concede that happen. the sale of 100,000,000 bushels of excess the Committee on Rules has been ex­ wheat for feed purposes to aid the stock tremely liberal in bringing before the Where would they get the money to raisers of the country. House any and all bills that have been pay for their needs and their wants, if Mr. ZIMMERMAN. Mr. Speaker, will reported by the Committee on Agricu1- we continue to increase the cost of living the gentleman yield? ture or any other committee having to and do not increase the wages of every Mr. SABATH. I will yield in a mo­ do with giving aid and assistance to one of these people? If this continues we ment. will have inflation, which, somehow or agriculture. other, is not being taken into considera­ After that we passed the bill known as If this bill were to be the last one of the Pace bill. Now we have this bill he­ tion by us at all to the degree that it its kind, perhaps we might say we have should receive consideration. fort us. You recall what the Pace bill gone far enough, but in addition to this provides, and it is not necessary for me Mr. O'CONNOR. Mr. Speaker, will bill we have the Brown bill, which I am the gentleman yield? to remind you of it or enlighten you as told is different from the Pace bill, and to its provisions. That bill was opposed its consideration is demanded. I be­ Mr. SABATH. I yield now. by some of the gentlemen on my left as lieve it will receive due consideration. Mr. O'CONNOR. I believe that the well as some of the gentlemen on my Other measures are pending. How far gentleman will agree with me in this side of the aisle. can we go and be fair to ourselves and statement, because I know he wants to The Steagall bill now before us pro­ to the country? be fair, and is fair, that notwithstanding vides as follows: Mr. ZIMMERMAN. Mr. Speaker, will all of the laws that we have passed, pre­ PrOVided, further, That notwithstanding the gentleman yield? sumably for the purpose of benefiting the any other provisions of law, rule, regulation, Mr. SABATH. I yield to the gentle­ farmer and increasing production of or order, no subsidy payment parity pay­ man from Missouri. farm products, the farmer today is not ment, conservation payment, incentive pay­ Mr. ZIMMERMAN. The gentleman guaranteed even the cost of production ment, or payment in any other form or by of the things that he produces feed . any other term described shall be deducted has on a number of occasions referred to in establishing, maintaining, or adjusting to the numerous bills to help agricul­ the country, let alone making any profits• maximum prices or in determining parity ture that have been introduced, reported Mr. SABATH. I say this to the gen• or comparable prices for any agricultural by the committee, and granted ru1es by tleman. He may not be guaranteed it; :1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD---HOUSE 2415 but. as it is today, the consumer is obliged today than they ever were·in the history we·eks ago, we were convinced that he to pay, in many instances, from 50 to 100 of our country. was a real dirt farmer, and here he comes percent more than he did formerly. Mr. O'CONNOR. I agree·with the gen­ today and talks against the farmer. Mr. O'CONNOR. But the gentleman tleman that this administration has What has caused that reversal of form I would not want the farmer to produce for materially helped the farmer. · do not know, but we who are really in­ less than the cost of production, I am Mr. SABATH. And I challenge the terested in agriculture felt that we were sure. gentleman or any other gentleman to changing the gentleman so that he would Mr. SABATH. No; I would not. I be­ disprove the statement that I have made. look our way a little bit, as evidenced by lieve the farmer should have a fair re­ To bear out my statement I insert at . the three or four bills that have been turn. I say from observation and inves­ this point the prices the farmer received before this session of Congress. tigation that I have made, that the for some of his crops in 1932 as compared Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, will the farmers of this country are better off with the prices he is receiving today: gentleman yield? Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Yes. Farm prices 11132 11143 Mr. SABATH. Nothing I said could possibly be construed as saying that I Wheat _____ ••• ______------$1.111 per bushel. am against the farmer. I only say that $0.31$0.38 per busheL------busheL ______Corn_-······------$0.90 per bushel. we are really going too far, and we should $0.55 per bushel. Oats ____ ------______----- __ ---- $0.28$0.15 per busheLbusheL------______consider that, so that this would not re­ Rye __ ------_------$0.64 per bushel. Barley______------______$0. 22 per busheL------$0.70 per bushel. act against his interest in the future. A $1.97 per busheL ______$5.37 per bushel. few weeks ago we passed the Pace bill. I ~~~g~-(~~~~~!:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: $4.2li per hundredweight (434 cel'lts $12.36 per hundredweight (12~ per pound). cents per pound) . know the gentleman opposed ·it. I did E ogs. __ ---__ •• __ •••• __ •••• ----•• ----__ •• -- $3.34 per hundredweight (3~ cents $14.63 per hundredweight (14% not say anything about that, because I per pound). cents per pound). :felt that the House believed that it Calves .•••• _--- ___ -·------$4.95 per hundredweight (5 cents $14.18 per hundredweight (14¥5 per pound). cents per pound). should be passed, but my colleague from Sheep.------$2.19 per hundredweight (2¥5 cents $7.09 per hundred weight (71Yfo cents per pound). Illinois did oppose it, as, of course, he had per pound). the right to do. Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. I did oppose 'Ihese authentic figures which I ob­ before, have not been increased to any the Pace bill, but, as I recall, the leader tained from the Bureau of Farm Eco­ extent. I think he will find that his of the farm bloc, from the South Side nomics prove that farm prices today are statement cannot be justified. of the city of Chicago, was taking the approximately 300 percent higher than Mr. GILCHRIST. Is it not true that position that the consumer should pay they were 10 yeare ago. the Bureau of Farm Ecorkers mous consent to extend and revise my gentleman to whom I referred is from are getting food at a less percentage of remarks. Chicago and not New York. their wages than they ever got food be­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Mr. BROWN of Georgia. Will the fore? objection? gentleman yield? Mr. SABATH. I disagree with the There was no objection. Mr. ALLEN of Tilinois. I yield. gentleman. I presume you have refer­ Mr. ALLEN of lllinois. Mr. Speaker, I Mr. BROWN of Georgia. All this bill ence to the hig.hly paid industrial war yield myself such time as I may desire. seeks to do is to correct an error made workers and skilled labor but not to the I am somewhat surprised that the leader by Presidential order. Nobody ever con­ great mass of white collar and unor­ of the farm bloc from the pavements templated that the President had au­ ganized wage earners of this country of the South Side of the city of Chicago thority to, or would issue an order to whose salaries and wages, as I stated should alter his ways. Two or three take benefit payments from parity. ·To 2416 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 24 show the injustice of it and to show the men working in war plants and on the ting the interpretation on the other bill purpose of this bill, there are many farm­ Federal pay roll, the prices paid to the which it has done. ers who do not receive any benefit pay­ American farmer for their staple crops Acting under the Executive order, ments and therefore they will be losers. would be doubled at once. there has been imposed a ceiling on corn That was discussed in the House. I do Mr. ALLEN of Dlinois. I thank the prices which is approXimately 6 cents a not see how anybody can vote against gentleman for that splendid contribu­ bushel less than parity, and there has this bill. tion. been imposed a ceiling upon flour which, Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. I thank the Mr. Speaker~ I yield 5 minutes to the when re:flected back to wheat prices, is gentleman from Georgia for his contri­ gentleman from Kansas [Mr. HOPE]. approximately 15 cents per bushel les& bution. Mr. HOPE. Mr. Speaker. this is a bill than the parity price of wheat. The Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Will which it should not be necessary for the purpose of this legislation is to repeal the gentleman yield? Congress to pass. Under any proper that Executive order and to provide that Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. I yield. conception of our traditional form of in the future no Executive order shall Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. As I government it would never be before us. be at any time based upon that interpre­ understand the gentleman from Georgia. We have before us the same question tation of the act. indicates it is necessary for us to pass tl~at we had a few days ago when we Replying now ·to the gentleman from this legislation so that we may let the were considering the Disney bill, the bill IDinois who asked why the farmer is not administration know the intent of Con­ which repealed the Executive order just as well ofi if he gets benefit pay­ gress with reference to the other bill which placed a. $25,000 limitation on ments plus the market price, I may say which we have already passed? salaries. We have exactly the same sit­ that in the case of both corn ~ and wheat Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. I believe that uation here, in that an Executive order farmers there are a great many who do is one good purpose of it. has been issued directly contrary to the not get benefit payments. This is an identical bill to the Bank­ authority and language contained in a The SPEAKER pro tempore. The head bill which passed the Senate practi­ bill passed by the Congress. time of the gentleman from Kansas has cally unanimously. The farmers are for The House will recall that last October expired. this bill. By that I do not mean the farm we passed an amendment to the Price Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I yield the leaders. I have received several letters Control Act. That measure provided gentleman 3 additional minutes. from real, actual dirt farmers, along with that no price ceiling should be imposed Mr. HOPE. There are at least four letters from leaders of agriculture. They on an agricultural product at less than instances in which corn farmers do not in illinois. particularly, believe that this parity, or upon the product of an agri­ get these benefit payments. In the first will help the corn farmer a great deal. cultural product at a price that would place they do not get them if they are As you all know, several pieees of legisla­ reflect less than parity for the price of not in the program. In the second place tion have been passed which militate the primary agricultural product. After all corn farmers who are outside the against the interests of the corn farmer. the passage of the legislation an Exec­ commercial corn area do not get corn They are behind this measure unani­ utive order was issued which provided benefit payments except such incidental mously. This bill was reported by the that in determining price ceilings under payments as they might get under the Committee on Banking and Currency that act there should be deducted from soil-conservation program. In the third practically unanimously. It was re­ parity the amount of any benefit pay­ place, benefit payments are based upon ported by the Rules Committee the same ments, parity payments or other govern­ the normal production of the allotted way. It passed the Senate with only two ment payments, which might be paid acreage on a farm so that if a man had votes against it. I believe we all admit upon the crop in question. I submit a normal production of 30 bushels of that this bill should be passed· without that the language of the act was as corn an acre but raised 50, he would only hesitation. clear and unequivocal as it could pos­ get benefit payments on 30 bushels. In Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Is it sibly be and that by no stretch of the the fourth place, a farmer who grows not a fact that the farmers of the coun­ imagination could an interpretation more than his allotted acreage, even try generally want to receive fair and have b~en placed upon the act which though he is permitted to do it under decent parity prices at the market places, would justify this EXecutive order. present regulations would not receive rather than continually being under sub­ It is therefore necessary for us to come any payments upon that produced above sidy from the Government? here today and pass legislation specif­ his allotted acreage. It thus appears Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. That is cor­ ically prohibiting the interpretation that a very large proportion of corn is rect. which has been placed upon the Price not subject to benefit payments. Some­ Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. And Control Act by the Executive order in thing like the same situation applies to the time is rapidly approaching now, due question. wheat. although in a lesser degree. to the tremendous expenditures for war Mr. SABA TH. Mr. Speaker, will the So far as I know, all the farm organi­ purposes, when the Congress will not gentleman yield? zations support this bill. It will be re­ longer be able to pass subsidy appropria­ Mr. HOPE. I yield briefly to the gen­ called that when the Pace bill was before tions? tleman. this House the other day the farmers' Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. I thank the Mr. SABATH. If I agree to buy a union opposed it. That, however, is not gentleman for his usually considered and bushel of wheat and agree to pay $1.25 the case with this bill. I have in my fair statement. for it, and then advance you 25 cents in hand a telegram from the president of Mr. RANKIN. Will the gentleman advance, do you not think I am entitled the National Farmers' Union, Mr. James yield? to credit for that before I pay the bal­ G. Patton, and signed also by M. W. Mr. ALLEN of Tilinois. I yield. ance? Thatcher, president of the Nationallt,ed­ Mr. RANKIN. I note that some of the Mr. HOPE. That would depend upon eration of Grain Cooperatives, and also gentlemen from the paving block areas, the terms of your agreement. You cer­ an official in the National Farmers' as the gentleman from Illinois charac­ tainly would not be, under the act we Union, reading as follows: terized them, are very much disturbed by passed last October, bE:~ause that law ST. PAUL, MINN.1 February 27, 1943. the fear that the rising price which the specifically, clearly, and directly provided Hon. CLIFFO!!.D R. HoPE, farmer gets will unduly penalize the con­ that no price ceiling should be fixed at House Office Build.ing: sumers in the large congested centers. We have just wired Senator BANKHEAD, as less than parity. It did not say any­ follows: "We are tremendously pleased and Now, as a matter of fact, when salaries thing about -crediting anything that encouraged by your effective wqrk which re­ and wages reached what they are now might have been paid in benefit pay­ sulted in the Senate's approval yesterday by during the last World War, wheat went ments. · an almost unanimous vote to protect agri­ to $2.50 a bushel, did it not? Mr. SABATH. But this bill will deny culture against ceilings imposed by 0. P. A. Mr. ALLEN of nlinois. That is cor­ credit for the prepayment that was paid at less than parity prices. We have always rect. in fixing the price. contended that parity payments were to pro­ Mr. RANKIN. And cotton went to 35 Mr. HOPE. This bill puts into effect vide parity of income and soil-conservation if payments were to compensate the farmers or 40 cents a pound. Therefore the specifically what the other bill did. It is :tor taking land out of production and pre­ farmer were paid on anything like parity necessary for us to come here now and serving the soil." We will appreciate your with men in industry, to say nothing of prohibit the administration from put- placing our position in the record with your 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2417 Committee on Agriculture, and on the floor the names of 222 in this age bracket who was opposed to having these govern­ of the House. are not deferred, and who might be as­ mental departments and agencies ask NATIONAL FARMERS UNION, sumed to be awaiting call. Finally the for any deferments, is that correct? JAMES G. PATTON, President, M. W. THATCHER, -Vice Chairman, third list carried the names of 82 men in Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. No, he did National Executive Council. this same age bracket who have been not say just that. His thought, I be­ NATIONAL FEDERATION OF GRAIN deferred at the specific request of 0. W. I. lieve, was that the governmental depart­ COOPERATIVES, On last Monday, March 22, in a session ments and agencies should set an exam­ M. W. THATCHER, President. of the special committee I used this list ple for the rest of the country in a ready I am glad that this measure has such as the basis for interrogating Maj. Gen. willingness to release any but the most unanimous support from the farm or­ Lewis B. Hershey, the Director of Selec­ essential employees. ganizations. It ought to be passed. tive Service. While General Hershey was Mr. FISH. Will the gentleman an­ Certainly no one can very well oppose it before the committee the principal list swer this question: Why, in the name of on this :floor knowing as I think we all of 746 names was discussed at some heaven, should any young man under know that when we passed the original length, for we wanted to learn from Gen­ 30 years of age, single, be indispensable legislation last October it was clearly the eral Hershey, if we could, why the local to the service of any department of the intent of Congress that prices should be draft boards were deferring these men. Government? fixed at not less than parity. There was I can assure you for the committee, as I Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. I disagree no discussion at that time of deducting have already assured officials of 0. W. I., just as heartily as does the gentleman benefit payments. The language is per­ that it was not the intention during this with the doctrine of indispensability of fectly clear. It is just a question as to discussion to imply improper motives on individuals. I cannot imagine an in­ whether Congress is going to write the the part of the agency, or to cast any in­ stance of a man under 30 whose service laws or whether they are going to be sinuations against the men who made up to the Government is indispensable. I written in the executive departments by this list. We simply were after facts. would go much further than that and men who have never been elected by Then there was the second list of 222 say that there is simply no such thing the people and could not be elected if young men, only 31 of whom were 30 as the indispensable' man, in govern­ they wanted .to be. Certainly everyone years of age, or over, and only 43 of ment f)r out. There are, of course, a who believes in maintaining the in­ ·whom are married. Of that list, 99 small percentage of assignments in tegrity of the legislative branch or' the single men and 27 married men were government where it would take time Government should support this meas­ reported as unclassified by. their draft and effort to make replacements, but ure. boards. the number in relation to the total of The SPEAKER pro tempore. The When I asked General Hershey why employment is extremely small, and I time of the gentleman from Kansas has there was such a great number of these think government is very seldom war­ expired. · young men employed in this agency who ranted in asking more than short-time Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 had not yet been classified by their draft deferment. minutes to the gentleman from Indiana boards, he, like the members of the com­ But back to the release from 0. W. I. [Mr. HARNESS]. mittee, could offer no explanation. as it has appeared in local papers. It Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Mr. ri'here naturally was considerable in­ would appear from this release and from Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to terest also in the fact that there were subsequent inquiry that the 0. W. I. re­ proceed out of order. on that list 60 or more men in class 1-A ports examined by the committee are The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without and 30 or more in class 1-B who have not months old, and therefore do not re:fleci objection it is so ordered. yet been called for induction. the true condition existing in that There was no objection. It is reasonable to assume that a very agency today. Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Mr. high percentage of the men on this list Now, who really is to blame for the Speaker, I want to take this opportunity are qualified for induction, for even men false picture, if an erroneous impression to report to the House the interesting in 1-B, those reported with slight physi­ actually has resulted from the use of and possibly significant developments at­ cal defects, are eligible for limited serv­ old statistics? Remember that Mr. Davis tending the examination of the person­ ice assignments. It was naturally hard transmitted these lists here at the spe­ nel roster of the Office of War Informa­ to understa.nd why an agency would cific request of the gentleman from New tion, undertaken by the special subcom­ maintain on the pay roll here in Wash­ York [Mr. TABER] on February 23, and mittee of the Committee on Military Af­ ington a list of some 200 young men certainly, in the absence of any notice fairs, which is now investigating draft while draft\ boards in most parts of the to the contrary, there was no reason to policies and practices. country are already dipping deeply into doubt that the information was accurate A few days ago the distinguished gen­ the reserves of married men and fathers. for the date on which it was submitted. tleman from New York [Mr. TABER] sup­ The press and the public generally are Wt;. might very properly ask why an plied to me as a member of this special naturally quite interested in the circum­ agency of Government, when requested committee an official letter of transmit­ stances discussed in the committee hear­ to furnish information to Congress, fails tal from Mr. Elmer Davis, accompanying ing, as the whole matter was promptly so signally as 0. W. I. admits to failure lists of 0. W. I. male employees between · reported Monday evening and Tuesday in this instance to furnish pertinent, the ages of 18 and 37, inclusive, who are morning. The 0. W. I. at once felt the timely, and absolutely reliable informa­ subject to induction into the armed reaction, and felt called upon to make tion. It might also be appropriate for forces through selective service. This a statement in defense. Accordingly, this special committee to demand an ex­ letter, dated February 23, 1943, and shortly after this meeting of the com­ planation as to why such conditions were signed by Mr. Davis, was addressed to mittee, Mr. Davis, according to the press, permitted to exist even 5 months ago, the Honorable JoHN TABER, House of announced that his agency had asked for there was no better excuse for men Representatives. It stated merely that deferment for only a small number of of draft age being unclassified then than he was transmitting with the letter the men considered to be irreplacable; and there is right now. Even at that date information requested as to draft age that implications against the agency or it will be remembered also that practi­ men in the Office of War Information. insinuations against individual employ­ cally all draft boards had exhausted There was nothing in that letter, or in ees were unwarranted. their reserves of 1-A's. the personnel lists which it covered, to The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Mr. TABER. Will the gentleman indicate that the lists were not compiled time of the gentleman has expired. yield? from information current at the date the Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I yield the Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. I yield to letter was written. gentleman 4 additional minutes. Will the gentleman from New York. Three lists were transmitted. The first the gentleman yield? Mr. TABER. Does the gentleman and largest list included the names of Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. I yield to think that when an agency supplies in­ 746 men 18 to 37, inclusive, who were de­ the gentleman from New York. formation to a Member of this House ferred by local draft boards, not at Mr. FISH. General Hershey was that every Member of the House is en­ 0. W. I. request. The second included quoted in the press as saying that he titled to rely upon the information? LXXXIX--153 2418 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 24· Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. I certainly Since this Seventy-eighth Congress con­ corn, and also advise me as to the cash price do think so, especially when it comes as vened we have been required to spend a for corn at the country elevators in northern Indiana, With the Chicago price at the point an official communication to a Member great deal of our time undoing executive fixed and determined by the freezing order. of Congress purporting to give the facts. and administrative acts which were out- Very sincerely yours, Mr. TABER. There was nothing upon side and clearly beyond the scope of the CHARLFS A. HALLECK. any of these lists to indicate that the in· authority contained in many measures formation was 5 months old? enacted by Congresses preceding this DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. There was one. Many of those acts have been in Washington, D. C., February 6, 1943. absolutely nothing, either in Mr. Davis' direct contravention. of the statutes. Hon. CHARLES A. HALLECK, letter or anywhere among the lists, to The action which is required here today House of Representatives. indicate such a thing. Mr. Davis' let- is necessary because of an Executive DEAR MR. HALLECK. I have at hand your let­ ter to the gentleman was the simplest order which I say flies right straight in ter of January 18, 1943, referring to ce111ng sort of a transmittal form and nothing the face of the mandate and will and the prices for corn. Paragraph 2, title IV, of the Executive or­ more. The accompanying lists gave the intention of the Congress. der issued by the President, October 3, 1942, name, age, marital status, and draft So long as executive and administra- reads as follows: status of the individual where known. tive agencies insist upon that sort of mis- "In establishing, maintaining, or adjusting Only that and nothing more. There was interpretation and distortion of the will maximum prices for agricultural commodi­ not a single thing to indicate that the of Congress, then I suppose so long will ties or for commodities processed or manu­ lists were not accurate up to February the Congress of necessity be required to factured in whole or in substantial part from any agricultural commodity, appropriate de­ 23, 1943, the date the letter was sent. spend a great deal of its time in undoing ductions shall be made from parity price or Mr. Speaker, the gentleman has what some executive or administrative comparable price for payments made under touched upon a very important matter official has sought to do. But it does the Soil Conservation and Domestic. Allot­ here, one on which I think this Congress seem to me that right shortly now the ment Act, as amended, parity payments made should express itself in vigorous and un- people in charge of administering the under the Agricultural Adjustment Act of mistakable terms. Congress must have laws that the Congress puts on the books 1938, as amended, and governmental sub­ information from Government agencies should understand and know that we ex- sidles." The parity price of corn on December 15, which is absolutely reliable. It has the pect them to be administered as we have 1942, was · 99.5 cents per bushel. As you right and the authority to ask for and written them. If they do not voluntarily know, this parity price is based upon, and is receive such information; and it follows so administer them we are going to see to comparable to, the average price received by that it has the corresponding duty to act it that they do, and that without regard farmers for all grades and types of corn. On summarily in instances where agencies to how long or what it takes. the average, however, there is a normal spread or persons in Government for any reason At this point I would like to insert a . of about 6 cents per bushel between the price of No. 2 yellow corn at Chicago and the fail .to provide such information. I do cppy of my letter to the Secretary of average farm price of all corn. · '"':'hat is, not wish to bring a definite indictment Agriculture and a copy of his reply to me. the current ceiling price which has resulted against 0. W. I. in the present case, but My letter was addressed to him on Jan- . in a price _of slightly over $1 per bushel for that agency has definitely exposed itself uary 18, inquiring particularly of the No. 2 yellow corn at Chicago, would normally . to the suspicion that it was seeking a corn ceilings, and his reply is dated ·Feb­ allow or reflect an average farm or local mar­ loophole in sending up information ruary 6. In connection with his reply ket price of about 94 cents per bushel for which it certainly must have known was I would like to point out, ·first, that the all corn. The corn payment for 1942 under the agri­ outdated, and which it might deny if oc..; whole basis of the reply is the Executive cultural conservation program was 5.5 cents casion demanded. order originally entered. There. is no per bushel. When this payment ·is deducted - It is indeed a sorry condition if gov~ ·effort that I can find in the letter to from the parity. price of 99.5 cents per bushel, ernmental agencies are to be permitted justify that Executive order. . The letter it is clear that the present ceiling price, as to make offiical statements or issue .. offi- in its concluding paragraph indicates the established by the Office of Price Administra­ cial information to Congress one day hope that certain matters contained in . tion1 reflects an average ._farm pr~~e which which they may deny on the next if the preliminary order ·fixing corn ceilings meets the minimum requirements of Public Law 729, a~ .approved October 2, 1942. there is need to save face. would be corrected when the permanent We do not have specific data as to the cur- Mr. SHORT. Will the gentleman order is ~nteted. It is true -that those - rent cash price· of ·corn at ~ country elevators yield? ' corrections have hot been made in the in northern Indiana. However, corn p~ices Mr. HARNESS of Indiana.· I yield to i>ermanent order entered. in northern Indi~na should not be m~ch be­ the gentleman from Missouri. . -The letters ~eferred to follow-: low Chicago -prices for the same grade and quality .of corn, and we are reasonably sure Mr. SHORT. . How much are we pay- . - JANUARY 18, 1943·. -lng the I. for this.valuableservice? H:on. CLAUDE R. WICKARD, · t}:j.a~. W!:J.~n . the Office _of Price Ad~inistration o. w. issues a permanent maximum price regula­ Mr. HARNESS-of Indiana. I am sure Secretary of Agriculture, tion for· corn, provision wm be made for the -lt is a fancy. price, but -I would prefer Washington, D. c. :normal differential betweeJi ·· country m~rkets ' that .the gentleman from·Nevi York [Mr. ·DEAR' MR: SECRETARY: Under Public !jaw 729 -and pr~ces in such central markets as Chicago. TABER]. a member .of· the· Ap-prbpriati:oris ' of the< Seventy-seventh _Congress, apprQVe4 · ... .: Si·nc~rely, Committee; answer that .questiCm. .october ·2, 1942, and generally referred to -as Ci.Aui:iE-R. WICKARD, Mr. TABER. They have 2,300 em.;. · the P:Hce Control Act, it -is provided in ·part · .. Se?TetaTy_. as follows: · · ployees arid it costs millions and millions ..."But nothing in this se"ctlon shall be con- . ·Mr. GILCHRIST. , Mr. Speaker,-will of dollars. - · · · · · · ·· -strued to· permit_the -establishment trr any .. ·the. gentleman .yield?.-·. , , . The SPEAKER · pro tempore. _, Tlre ·case-of" a maximum·price· below a price which . _, ·Mr.' HALLECK. Y.es . . time of the ·gentleman has expired: .. . ~ . 'will reflect to the -pt:Oducers of any agl'ic.ul­ -. · Mr. :GILCHRIST. In the.: committee. Mr. FISH: ·Mr. Speaker, I yield ~ the - .tui~l commodi~y tbe price therefor; specified ".to questionS' asked· by' me~ the-·SeCl·etary -balance of m¥ time · to "the geritleinan ' in clal,lse (1) of this .secti.on.'' of ·Agriculture .himself· ·said that · .he from Indiana ~ [M-r. HALLECK]. Clause one referred to in the above quota- thouglit that this order; so. far as it re­ Mr. HALLECK. -· Mr. Speaker, I ~ ask · .tion refers tb the parity price of agricultural · · commodities. · spected corri, had many elements . that unanimous consent to revise and· extend · It ·seems clear to me that the statute as were unfair. The Secretary: of Agricul~ my remarks and includi:dherein a . letter written prohibits the fixing o! any ceiling . ture said that. · address·ed by me· to the Secre"tary of' Ag- price below th~ parity figure ·for t~e - actual Mr. HALLECK. The suggestion has riculture and his reply thereto. · - pr.oducer on the farm. again been made here that the passage . The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without You are, of course, familiar with the recent , of .. this legislation will raise the cost of objection, it is so ·ordered. action of the Office of Price Administration living to our people. In the first place, There was no objection. freezing the price of corn~ My information in response·to that, we had a great deal - r. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, ·gettin"g a-nd underatanding is tliat tht;l price so fixed M and determined is considerably below the of controversy about whether farm prices back to the bill before us, and apropos · parity figure. should be limited to 110 percent of parity of something-that was ·sugg-ested by the , . In order that there be no misunderstand· or 100 percent of parity. We originally chairman of · the Rules- Committee,· I 1ng -of the facts on my part, I :wish you would had· 110 ._percent and it was reduced to would like to make this ·suggestion. advise me as to the present parity price !or · 100 percent. I have never heard anyone 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2419. contend that the cost of living- should be then it is up to the Congress to act and and certainly workers are receiving the high­ kept down by keeping farmers' prices be­ to stop them. est wages in the history of the Nation. De­ spite increases in ~he cost of food, the average low parity, and that is what this Execu­ Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, in view of nonfarm worker is paying only 22 percent of. tive order seeks to do. the fact that I have made my position his income for food, which Js the lowest per­ In the second place, consumers do not clear in behalf of. the consumers of centage in the past 30 years. buy corn-and corn, as I understand the America, and also in respect to the ben­ We do not believe that Congress intended situation, is the . only commodity pres­ efits that will accrue to the farmers of the Office of Price Administration to include ently involved. People do not buy corn this Nation, I move the previous question subsidies in :fixing maximum prices on agri· for direct consumption in any quantity. on the resolution. cultural commodities. Neither the Emer­ They buy beef and pork and poultry gency Price Control Act of 1942 nor the act The previous question was ordered. of October 2, 1942, authorized such action. products and dairy products. Those The resolution was agreed to. On the contrary, the provisions relat:'lg to products are above parity, and there is Mr. STEAGALL. Mr. Speaker, I move ceilings on agricultural commodities, which no ceiling operating on them, so this leg­ that the House resolve itself into the are very specific and mandatory in character, islation will not have any effect on those Committee of the Whole House on the refer consistently to prices rather than to particular products except as producers state of the Union for the consideration mandatory rates or payments. of those commodities will have to pay of the bill se of it. An identical bill has receive parity prices. There·was consid­ fixed upon the Price Administrator in passed the Senate .by a vote . of 78 to 2. . erable misrepresentation and misunder­ the first price control ·bill, if there had It comes to the House with unanimous standing of the purpose and effect of the been any authority or any intention on support from the Banking and Currency provision of the first price-control bill the part of Congress to permit the Price Committee of the House. limiting the Price Administrator to 110 Administrator to count benefit payments Mention was made here today of the percent of the parity price in fixing of any kind as a part of the parity price. Disney bill, and somebody said that this prices on farm commodities. The con­ for the purpose of price ceilings? The bill was in the identical situation as the troversy was fought out in the Commit.. controversy could have been ended in Disney proposal that was added to the tee on Banking and Currency of the a few moments if that had been the in­ debt-limita.tion bill. The action that House, again in the House, again in the tention. It is ridiculous to contend oth­ was taken in limiting salaries rests en­ Committee on Banking and Currency of erwise. When the 110 percent provision ~irely in a different category, technically, the Senate, and ?,gain in the Senate, and of that bill was under assault from so from that to which reference is made in· those provisions along with other pro­ many quarters for such a long time, both the bill before us. I understood that visions incorporated in the House bill in the public press and in the discus­ there was no legislative intention to were approved in conference and they sions in both Houses of Congress, nobody authorize such limitation upon salaries, were finally enacted into law and ap­ ever suggested that the Administrator but there was room for division of judg­ proved by the President of the United would take any action· that would cir­ ment among lawyers, or opportunity for States. cumvent the requirements of the law by difference of legal interpretation be­ The 110 percent of parity limitation adding to a less-than-parity price, bene­ cause of the broad general language em­ provision in the price-control bill con­ fit payments out of the Treasury of the ployed, and under which that order was tinued to receive criticism from many United States in order to bring the price made, but in the matter of farm com­ quarters, culminating in a message from up to parity. Neither the first Price modities there were specific limitations the Chief Executive with which the Mem­ Control Act nor the second would permit so that the general language did not bers of Congress are familiar, and after the Price Administrator to fix price ceil­ apply. They were placed in the first which the House Committee on Banking ings on farm commodities below parity bill and in the second bill. It will be and Currency proceeded to consider the and add benefits of any kind to raise remembered that in the first bill handed second price-control bill. In the second the return to the farmer to the level us for consideration, there was no lim­ price-control bill the limitation placed of parity. itation on the power of the Price Ad­ upon the Price Aciministrator was that Only after the final action in the Sen­ ministrator to fix the price of farm he could not set a price on any agricul­ ate, when the bill was passed, did we commodities. tural commodity below 100 percent of hear of any proposal that prices would He would have been given the same parity, but in calculating parity for the not be considered as such or that a authority to fix the price of farm com­ purposes of price ceilings the Price Ad­ price might be fixed below the require­ modities as was conferred with respect to ministrator was required to give credit ments carried in the bill and the dis­ any strategic or critical material for war to all the cost of farm labor. That bill crepancy be paid out of the Treasury of purposes, and the bill at that time car­ went to the Senate and resulted in the the United States. ried a specific exemption of wages. So passage of the bill with language relating The first price-control bill was offered some of us felt that that broad power to the c9st of farm labor different from us as an anti-inflation measure, and the should not be entrusted to the Price Ad- 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2421 ministrator at that time, and we incor­ fectly willing to take parity and not have be reduced. They would be glad to pay porated in that bill the specific limita­ any more payments? p:;- rity in order to get the corn. But the tions to which I have referred.. I am not Mr. STEAGALL. The farmers have increased cost of living by reason of this mentioning all these limitations, because never asked anything but parity, and bill, which under existing conditions · re­ it is only this matter of parity that is in­ these plans have been devised for the lates only to wheat and corn, is so in­ volved in the legislation before us. purpose of securing parity for the farm­ finitesimal that I have not been able to In both bills there were specific limi­ er. They were adopted as a me&sure get anybody to give me figures on it, and tations upon his power to fix limitations of relief when fair prices could not be I have asked at the department and ev­ upon the price of farm commodities. I obtained. There ir' no need for the pres­ e• ywhere. The gentleman knows that do not believe there is a lawyer in this ent situation if the Price Administration when wheat was $2.50 a bushel, bread House who will read those two bills and will allow farm prices to reach normal sold for just the same as it does today. contend that any such authority was levels or observe such rules as laid down Mr. KEFAUVER. Has the gentleman given, or deny that the intent was tore­ by Congress. There is not any author­ any expert testimony? That is what a fuse to confer any authority upon the ity of law to justify the use of public ap­ lot of us are worried about; there do Price Administrator to limit the prices propriations to supplement farm prices not seem to be any hearings printed on of farm commodities, except as specifi­ under ceilings to be established by the this bill. We would like further in­ cally provided. Price Administration. · But to show con­ formation. The farmers of this country now, when clusively that no such intention occurred Mr. STEAGALL. There have been purchasing power is at an unprecedented to anybody and th::..t such plan is utterly extended hearings, both in the House level, do not feel that they should be put impractical and unfair, I call attention and in the Senate; this is a matter that in the attitude of suppliants for favors at to the fact that conservation payments has been gone over and over and over the hands of Congress, or for a hand-out and subsidy payments cannot be applied again. from the Treasury ·of the United States. except to farmers who conform to the Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, will They are opposed to any such action as control program. More than two-thirds the gentleman yield? that in connection with the control of of the corn produced in 1942 was not Mr. STEAGALL. I yield. prices by the Price Administrator. There eligible for payments under the agricul­ Mr. RANKIN. If it is facts that the is no necessity for it under present eco­ tural program. There is something like gentleman from Tennessee wants, I can nomic conditions. one-fourth of the wheat of this country give him a few facts to justify the con­ As far as the matter of the cost of liv­ that cannot, under existing law, be taken tention of the gentleman from Alabama ing is concerned, there is no difference care of under the order that has been im­ that farm prices are far below what in the farmer's spending power, whether posed by the Price Administrator. they should be under the present situ­ he gets the money out of the Treasury, Mr. KEFAUVER. If the gentleman ation, and especially under the prices or has it handed to him across the coun­ does not think any further payments paid to industrial labor. As I pointed ter in a legitimate transaction represent­ should be made under the Soil Conserva­ out the other day, prices are regulated ing the price of the commodity which tion and Domestic Allotment Acts, then by tw.o things in a free economy: The he has to oifer in the market. As far as what difference does it make whether volume of a nation's currency multiplied inflation is concerned, in heaven's name they are figured in or not, because if we by the velocity of its circulation. The what has a more dangerous inflation follow the recommendation of the gen­ largest amount of money in circulation tendency than unnecessary appropria­ tleman from Alabama, no payments per capita at the close of the last war tions from the Treasury of the United should be made under those two acts? was $53.21. Cotton at that time rose States? Heaven knows the Treasury of Mr. STEAGALL. I do not know that to 35 or 40 cents a pound, and wheat to the United States faces at this time a I catch what the gentleman has in mind. $2.50 a bushel. Industrial wages were task that will demand enough of eco­ I have not said there shuuld not be any not as high as they are today. Two nomic leadership and enough sacrifice on further payments made. Of course, months ago we had $114.50 per capita the part of the people of the United there are some farm commodities that in circulation with the highest velocity States in support of this war, without are below parity,.and the law stands on of circulation ever known, and indus­ undertaking to set up bureaucratic ma­ the statute books authorizing the Sec­ trial wages are far above what they were chinery and unnecessary appropriations retary of Agriculture and the Commod­ at the peak, during, and at the close of out of the Treasury to supplement the ity Credit Corporation to take care of the last war. . Farm prices; and I · am price of farm commodities, in order that tt.at differential. I have not for a mo­ speaking now of the price of wheat, corn, the farmer may receive a price that ment said that that should not be done. cotton, and the other basic commodi­ everybody agrees is fair and just. Con­ But there is not any authority under the ties, would not be on a parity with the sumers have greater purchasing power law to take care of all corn producers wages paid to industry if cotton doubled than ever known before in our history. of this country or all the wheat pro­ its value tonight, and wheat, corn, and The Treasury of the United States has ducers of this country who do not re­ the other commodities did the same enough problems on. its hands at this ceive a parity price now. They cannot thing. hour. We have enough danger of in­ take conservation payments and do­ Mr. STEAGALL. This might also be flation. I am not sure that we do not mestic allotment payments, under the said: Not only is that true, but there has face a worse condition than inflation at terms of the existing farm act, and de­ never been a time when labor's wages no distant day, because if some of the vote them to that purpose. · would buy or take care of as much of tendencies that are to be observed at Mr. KEFAUVER. Apparently I have the cost of living so far as farm prices this time reach their legitimate end, we misunderstood the gentleman. T-hen are concerned as they will now. I have might well begin to reflect upon whether will the gentleman tell us how much this the figures on farm income here before or not we are coming upon the time when would add to the general cost of living me but you have heard them many times; we shall face danger of repudiation. insofar as farm products are concerned? there are many of them, and I am not Now to open up the Treasury and allow Mr. STEAGALL. If you will take the going to take time to read them. Suffice bureaucracy to be expanded in order record and turn to the price of corn, it to say that a comparison of the in­ that farmers may be deprived of prices which is used as feed for poultry and come of that portion of our population which everybody agrees is just and fair, livestock, you will find that the parity engaged in agriculture with that engaged is certainly something that should not price of corn in February, 1943, is 102, in industry shows a discrepancy and a be contemplated. and the ceiling put at about 88 percent discrimination against the farmers of Mr. KEFAUVER. Will the gentleman of parity. You will find that hogs, beef, this country that is horrible to contem­ yield? veal, and lambs run all the way from plate. If you will make a comparison Mr. STEAGALL. I yield. 126, 131, 143 to 146. They are entirely between the Nation's wealth 30 years ago Mr. KEFAUVER. Did I understand out of line. As has been stated this and its wealth today and the wealth of the gentleman to suggest that the farm­ afternoon, there is not any insistence those engaged in agriculture on the other ers do not want any further payments on the part of those who desire to con­ hand you will find that in every decade under the Soil Conservation or Domestic sume the corn for feed that is available the national wealth has been increasing Allotment Acts; that they would be per- in this country that the price should by billions, while the wealth of the 2422 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 24 Nation's farmers has been continually living in urban centers we would in­ is liable to break this formula unless we decreasing. Remember that farmers crease the demand for the great surplus watch out. I do not think this bill constitute nearly one-third of the Na­ crops produced by the farmers of the should have been brought out at this tion's population. No man can be in­ United States; so not only from social time. I do not believe we should put different to these facts if he has any con­ considerations but from a selfish eco­ this additional burden upon the Presi­ cern about a balanced economy in this nomic standpoint I have always been dent and Mr. Byrnes in the valiant effort country or any regard or solicitude for friendly to labor. I know that mistakes to prevent the breaking of the Little social justice. are made, I know we are in an unusual Steel formula. The pressure will be Mr. GRANGER. Mr. Chairman, will situation ·now, and that legislation for almost irresistible if this bill goes the gentleman yield? · the .protection of labor in normal times through. Mr. STEAGALL. I yield. enacted is not always suited to wartime Mr. STEAGALL. I am sure the gen­ Mr. GRANGER. I agree with what conditions. I make this statement as a tleman does not think that their prob­ the gentleman said in reply to the gen­ preface to what I want to say in attswer lems are limited to agricultural prices tleman from Tennessee but let me get to the gentleman's question. right at this time. They are faced with this straight: It is not the gentleman's First, when the original price control far more serious problems right now. contention, is it; ne is not arguing, is he, bill came up we knew then who the Mr. STARNES of Alabama. Will the that incentive payments or soil-conser­ administrator would be, we knew who gentleman yield? vation payments should be considered in his advisers would be, both legal and Mr. STEAGALL. I yield to the ·gen­ the fixing of the parity formula? otherwise. That bill would have given · tleman from Alabama. Mr. STEAGALL. Thi~ is an emergency a free hand to the Administrator in con­ Mr. STARNES of Alabama. Pursuing war measure conferring this extraordi­ trolling agricultural prices. Some of us further the inquiry made by the gentle­ ·nary power upon a single administrator. had foresight enough from what we man from Tennessee and his apparent It carries the power of life and death over knew and understood at that time to concern lest the demand for parity on the the economic structure of this country­ anticipate the kind of action that might part of the American farmer will bring the power to make and to destroy prices be taken and we refused to support a about inflation, I call attention to the and values. It is limited to the duration bill without ·some limitation upon the - fact that in 1918, during the World War of the war and we put these limitations power of the Administrator in dealing No. 1, the total national income of the upon that power. It is different from with agricultural prices, although there Nation in that year was $58,000,000,000 the permanent law known as the Agri~ was· no such provision in the bill we were and that the farmers received 16 percent cultural Adjustment Act; this measure is asked to support, and that bill not only of the total national income. In 1942 the the war em~rgency act and it is upon the as presented to us but, as passed, carried national income was estimated at $115,­ exercise of this unusual power that we a specific exemption of wages. That was ·000,000,000, double that of 1918, and place limitations- the law during all the months between the American farmer actually received Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, will the the passage of the first price control bill less than he received in 1918. The non­ gentleman yield? and the enactment of the second price farm income of this Nation doubled in Mr. STEAGALL. 1 yield to the gen­ control bill. During that time wages 1942 over 1918, and I cannot understand tleman from ·Mississippi, but I must were rising steadily, day aftrr day, arid the great concern of the gentleman. hasten to conclude. reachil)g unprecedented levels. Mr. Mr. STEAGALL. The discrepancy be­ Mr. RANKIN. Some Members are Henderson himself made the statement tween farm income and the general na­ very much afraid this will permit infla­ that during the period of 1 month last tional income and between the value of tion. As I pointed out a moment ago, year the increase in industrial wages farm wealth and national wealth is inflation is already here. It came when amounted to $1,200,000,000 which upon a vastly greater today than it has ever you inflated the currency. Furthermore, fair accounting is greater than the price been in the history of this country. The this bill and the rise .in farm prices that of the entire farm crops of the-United national wealth is mounting every day, it will bring will not have the slightest States during the year 1942, and durlng but not the farm wealth, because it is effect on inflation and will not cause the all that time the powers of the Admin­ being held down. issuance of an extra do!lar. istrator. were like the sword of Damocles Mr. KEFAUVER. The gentleman. Mr. STEAGALL. I do not hesitate to over the prices of agricultural products. speaks of 1918. That condition, as the make the statement that if our farmers The press was filled day in and day out gentleman must agree, was the most un­ were to give to the people of this country with threats the. Administrator of de­ healthy situation that was ever brought the entire crop of wheat or the entire structive policies to be adopted against about for the American farmer. He was crop . of corn raised last year, it would agricultural commodities. That was· the - afterward taken through the wrihger not have any serious bearing on the mat­ time to be alarmed about the danger of and that is what is going to happen to ter of inflation in view of the hundreds inflation, but we heard little about it ex­ him again if we emulate the conditions of billions of dollars that are being ex._ cept as applied to the r :-;uirement of the of 1918. · pended out of the Treasury during the law that prices upon farm commodities Mr. STEAGALL. · Will the gentleman period of this war. should not be fixed below a standard permit me to ask him a question? Mr. KEFAUVER. I may say to the that everybody said was simple justice Mr . .KEFAUVER. Why, certainly. gentleman it seems to me there is quite and fairness t'J the farmers of the United Mr. STEAGALL. Who was taken a difference between $1 com, which is States. The fact is it was not fair· and ·through the wrin-ger except the farmer? 88 percent parity and full parity. It just. The standard is not fair and just Mr. RABAUT. Wait a minute. seems to me the gentleman is not serving : ·now and I do not think anybody will ·con-- Mr. STEAGALL. ~ Yes, I will wait. the public interest at this time in bring­ tend 'that it is. Mr. KEFAUVER. The gentleman ·ing this bill out when the matter of in­ Mr. KEFAUVER. I may say to the agrees that the conditions in 1918 were flation is in a very precarious balance, gentleman that I was not originally in . not healthy, and certainly we do not as the gentleman very well knows. Cer­ favor of the bill that allowed these high want to set up those conditions as a tainly if this bill is going to force wages wages to come about. I agreed with my model to follow at this time. . up and break the little steel formula, the colleague from Tennessee [Mr. GoRE], Mr. STEAGALL. Does the gentleman farmer will be right back where he that everything should have been frozen. contend what we ask here is an infla­ started, only probably in a worse place But the gentleman brought out, sup­ tionary proposition compared to what he than he is now. It is a vicious cycle, ported, and Congress passed this bill is talking about? and we ought to stop this tampering with that allowed wages to get out of line Mr. KEFAUVER. That is how I un- disaster now. and which did not put any limit on agri­ derstood the gentleman. · Mr. STEAGALL. I have no quarrel cultural products until they reached 110 Mr. STEAGALL. All we are asking for with labor. I have been a friend of or­ percent of parity. But we have gotten is that ·they observe the act of Congress ganized labor. I have always wanted to ourselves into this desperate situation which attempts to preserve to agricul­ see labor receive justice, to be paid a now, and the gentleman feels as I do, i: ture -a standard that-everyone agrees is fair wage, I wanted to see their standard am sure, that we do not want the Little no .more than fair. of living elevated, I have always recog­ Steel formula broken, yet here in Con­ Mr. RANKIN. These two gentlemen nized that as we elevate .the standard of gress we are adding fuel to the fire that from the industrial centers seem to be 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE · 2423 very much alarmed for fear we might gentleman, however, that there were .It always follows the cost of nonagricul­ raise the farmer a little, then he might many, many billions in excess of $2,000,- tural products. It can never get out in fall back later. What happened after 000,000 of what is actual currency in the front. It is tied, the formula itself, and 1918 was this They put a man by the United States that were destroyed in always has been, to the cost of nonagri­ name of W. F- . G. Harding at the head that period of deflation. I refer to our cultural products. We are not raising of the Federal Reserve Board. He had real currency which is our real credit. any farm commodity prices in this bill. a bunch of Wall Street associates on Mr. WHITE. I refer the gentleman to We are preventing the administrative the Board with him. After the war, the record. branch of the Sovernment from writing when we had $53 per capita in circula­ Mr. STEAGALL. Mr. Chairman, I an entirely new parity formula, different tion, they contracted it bacl{ down to move that the Committee do now rise. than the Congress has set up, and so this below $30 per capita, and drove prices The motion was agreed to. question, again I say, resolves itself into of farm commodities down and broke Accordingly the Committee rose; and whether the legislative branch of this the farmers of the country. It was not the Speaker pro tempore, Mr. McCoR­ Government shall write these laws or p!'osperity that hurt the farmer, it was MACK, having resumed the chair, Mr. whether the executive branch of the the depression that was brought on later GoRE, Chairman of the Committee of the Government shall write these laws. And, by the Federal Reserve Board. Whole House on the state of the Union. regardless of whether you are in favor Mr. STEAGALL. I was here during reported that that Committee, having of stabilizing farm costs or farm income, all that experience. There are lots of had had under consideration the bill I hope there is no one in this House who things around here now that are not new

centage-the effect ~f the ceiling on the $7.20 per ton, as compared with a. parity the crop in 1942 and add to that the 1942 manufactured product will necessarily require · figure of $7.16 calculated as follows~ A. 0. P. payment, and then you determine less if we first subtract the amount of the "Average index number of prices paid the difference between that and the parity sugar conditional pa~ent from the total by farmers, including interest and prtce on the 1942 crop, which difference rep• price for sugar beets or sugarcane. Thus, if taxes, for the first 7 months of 194L 130 resents the rate of parity payment. a 31;2 -cent raw ceiling wm result in the beet "Pre-war average ______$5. 50 "Mr. TARVER, In other words, according to grower receiving, let us say, $8 .50 per ton "Total parity price ______$7. 15 this language you want to charge the farmer, of beets, including a sugar-act payment at in deciding whether he is getting parity or the base rate of 60 cents per hundredweight, "In other words, it hits it almost on the not, with the amount of his soil-conserva­ it follows that a payment at a base rate of nose." tion benefits1 80 cents, or 33 percent more, will reduce the The committee members indicated no dis­ "Mr. EVANS. Yes, sir. necessity for increasing the price of sugar as agreement with this method of calculating "Mr. TARVER. It is something which the food prices rise, or as inflation tendencies in­ ceiling prices. law, in my judgment, did not contemplate. crease, or as the parity index mounts higher. It is clear from the legislative history of And it is very unfair to the farmer because Without going into too many details, and as the Emergency Price Control Act of 1942 that he goes to expense in earning these soil­ a member of both the Finance Committee, the Congress had before it the details of the conservation payments. They are not dona­ which considered the Sugar Act, and the method used in determining ceiling prices tions to him from the Government. He goes Banking and Currency Committee, which is for sugar and that it indicated no objection to expense in the purchase of fertilizer and considering the price-control bill, I am con­ to the use of that same method in determin­ material to improve his land. And there is vinced that the 80-cent base rate wlll have ing maximum prices under the then pending the expense of labor involved. And often­ the doubly beneficial effect of providing an legislation. In order to obtain an authorita­ times the expense incurred is more than the incentive for greater production of sugar, tive construction of the law the question was amount of payment received. So there is no which American consumers need, and at the submitted to the Attorney General whether reason, based in logic or common sense, why same time of reducing the prospect of higher the Emergency Price Control Act of 1942 op­ the farmer should be charged with soil­ prices for sugar which might otherwise result erated to prevent the payment of subsidies conservation payments in determining in view of emergency conditions and the gen­ otherwise authorized to canners when exist­ whether or not he has received parity for eral tendency of food prices to go higher." ing ceiling prices for wholesalers and retail­ his crops. If there is such a reason I would (87 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, p. 10271.) ers would not without subsidies, but would be glad to have you outline it. The amendment to the Sugar Act being with subsidies, re:tlect to producers a price "Mr. EvANs. I did not explair... it as I should discussed at that time became law on De­ equal to the highest of the prices specified have. The payments the farmers receive "for cember 26, 1941 (52 Stat. 872). in section 3 (a) of the act. In response to performing soil-building practices are not The Emergency Price Control Act of 1942, that inquiry, the Attorney General ruled that taken into account. It is the diversion part approved January 30, 1942, in section 3 (a), such subsidies were not prohibited. Further­ of the A. C. P. payment." provided that no maximum price should be more it was said that the requirement of sec­ The b111, as originally passed by the House, established for any agricultural comillodity tion 3 (c) that the ceiling prices be suffi­ did not contain the suggested provision. below the highest of any of the following ciently tigh to "reflect to producers., section However, the Senate again approved an priceS: ( 1) 110 percent of parity or compara­ 3 (a) prices means that ceiling prices must amendment to that section of the appro- ble price; (2) the market price preva1ling on be sufficiently high so that, taken together _priation bill dealing with parity payments, October 1, 1941; (3) the market price prevail­ with all other factors affecting return to pro­ providing that in computing the rate ot ing on December 15, 1941, or (4) the average ducers, they will "reflect to producers" sec­ parity payments, the payments made to pro­ price for such commodity during the period tion 3 (a) prices. The Attorney General ducers by the Government under the SoU July 1, 1919, to June 30, 1929. Section 3 (c) found nothing in the Price Control Act or in Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act provided that no maximum price should be the appropriation for the administration of should be included. There was considerable established for any commodity processed or that act that requires or justifies the disr_e­ disagreement between the House and Senate manufactured from any agricultural com­ gard of any factor which actually does oper­ with respect to this amendment, but the modity below a price which would "reflect to ate to affect the returns to producers. He House finally receded from its position and found that the legislative history of the the amendment was incorporated in the ap­ producers· ~ of such agricultural commodity a price equal to the highest price specified in Price Control Act supporteg this interpreta­ propriation bill as finally passed. (Publio subsection (a) . tion of the two sections. In accordance with Law 674, 77th Cong.). Representative TARVER again explained his position with respect· to Throughout the committee hearings on H. the opinion of the Attorney General, in the administration of the original act ceillng that provision in his report of the confer­ R. 6990, the original price control blll, there prices were computed_on commodities proc­ ence committee's preliminary action. Mr. appear a number of calculations of parity for TARVER, the manager of the bill in the House. sugarcane and sugar beets in which Govern­ essed from agricultural commodities by tak­ ing into consideration the amount which the spoke, on June 26, 1942, JI.S follows: ment payments are included both by wit­ farmer received as Government payments. "The language of the Senate amendment nesses and by the committee members. The The next occasion when the subject was to which we are asking that you disagree testimony of Mr. Henderson, found at page discussed in the Congress was in the hearing would include within the farmer's market 509 of part I of these hearings, is typical: fn connection with H. R. 6790, the 1943 Agri­ price for hls product, in determining "Mr. HENDERSON. Mr. ·Chairman, in the culture Department appropriation 'bill. In whether or not he may be entitled to parity course of the discussion with Congressman his testimony before the agriculture sub­ benefits, the amount of soil-conservation CRAWFORD this morning as to whether or not committee of the Committee on Appropria­ benefits earned by him in the soil conserva· the $3.50 price would yield parity for the tions of the House of Representatives, in con~ tion and domestic allotment program. The sugar-beet growers, I asked if he included the nection with this b1ll, Mr. ' Rudolph M. matter has been thoroughly discussed sev­ probable Federal payments and said I Evans, then Administrator of the Agricul­ eral times on the :floor of the House in con­ thought that was where his computation and tural Adjustment Administration, suggested nection with the pending bill, and it would, what I had in my -mind disagreed. And, an amendment to the language of the parity in my judgment, avail nothing for me to during the recess, I have bad a check made, payment tJrovtsion. The following testimony undertake to cover the subject matter and I desire now to insert the following into from page 48 of those hearings deals With again. • • • . I believe that I speak for the record: that amendment: all ot the members of the conference com­ "For the 1941 sugar-beet crop, payments "Mr. EvANS. The $212,000,000 will be paid mittee when I say that I can conceive of no will be made to sugar-beet growers under the to farmers .this year as soon as it is deter­ justification whatever for charging the present Sugar Act at the base rate of 60 mined that they have complied with this farmer with these soil-conservation benefits cents per 100 pounds of recoverable sugar. year's acreage allotment. The amount of the earned by him, and in connection with the This is equivalent to a payment of about parity payment will be based upon the aver­ earning o:C which he incurred considerabl~ $1.90 per average ton of sugar beets. age farm prices of· the re::Jpectiv~ commodi­ expenditure, for labor, materials, fertilizer, , "In addition, growers, under their con­ ties, which will be determi~ after a great and for seed, in de~ermining ~be amount tracts with processors, will receive payments majority of each commodfty raised last year that he receives for the particular basic agri­ on the basiJt of the net returns to the com­ has been marketed; by the 1st of April, I cultural product, which he produces." (88 panies from the sale of their sugar, generally, should say. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, p. 6627.) during the period October 1, 1941-September "Then for 1943 parity payments you take But on July 16, 1942, when Mr. TARVEB 30, 1942. Consequently, if the ceiling price into account the payments that have been reported the results of further conferences of 3.50 cents per pound for raw sugar, duty made under the 1942 A. C. P. program, and with respect to this amendment, he stated paid New York, just esta~lished, should re­ these payments, the 1943 parity paYznents, (88 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, p. 6162) : main 1Ii effect throughout that marketing wm be paid to those farmers who stay within "The conference report relates first to period, it Is estimated that with the usual their 1943 acreage allotments. Regarding the amendment No. 81. Amendment No. 81 in­ price differential between raws and refined rate of payment, we wanted a little change serted by the Senate in the parity provisions of about 1.535 cents per pound, an average in the language t_c:> permit the rate to be of the b111 provides for taking into account price of $6.30 per ton of sugar beets will be based upon the A. C. P. payment for 1942. of the· soil-conservation payments in deter­ paid tO growers by proc:essors, or a total of In other words, you take the farm price of mining the market price received by the 2428 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH ·24 farmer for his agricultural commodities. ber 7, 1942, was -called to the attention of • mately the levels prevailing from September. Personally I did not think-that the. House Congress by Representative GIFFORD. He 28 to October 2, inclusive. A copy of the should recede. I believe that it is unfair said: press release describing the program is en­ to charge the farmer with these payments "In passing I desire to ca!l to your atten­ closed. This program should permit the Which he earns by the expenditure of money, tion that your President now desires that movement of good milling wheat through labor, and material in determining what these benefit payments and these other pay­ normal channels and provide adequate sup .. the market price of his product may be. I ments running from the customs duties plies for millers. feel that even if it should be fair to charge should also be figured in when you arrive Sincerely, him with such benefits the Agricultural Ad­ at your -100-percent parity." (88 CoNGRES­ GROVER B. HILL, justment Act of 1938 ought to be amended to SIONAL RECORD, p. 7280.) Assistant Secretary, so provide rather than that we undertake to Also, during the debates Representative Department of Agriculture. amend the statute law on the subject by · a WICKERSHAM offered an amendment to the provision in an appropriation bill. But I amendments to section 3, which read as fol- Mr. CELLER. Mr. Chairman, I ask found I was the only member of our sub­ lows: · unanimous consent to include in my re­ committee present at the conference on yes­ "Provided, however, That notwithstanding marks a letter as my own remarks. terday and today who maintained that view­ any other· provision in any law to the con­ The CHAIRMAN. Is it the gentle­ point, and in a spirit of trying to agree with trary, A. C. P. payments or soil-conservation man's own remarks? my brethren and to bring the consideration benefits shall not be considered as part of the of this bill to a final conclusion I yielded on farmer's income in . figuring parity income, Mr. CELLER. It is not my own re­ my own personal views concerning this but shall be considered separate ~arned bene­ marks, but I shall make it my own re­ amendment. The conference report provides fits." (88 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, p. 7385.) marks. that the House shall recede from its disagree­ In discussing this amendment, Representa­ The CHAIRMAN. In order to include ment to Senate amendment No. 81. As a tive TARVER stated that there was no provi­ any extraneous matter, the gentleman matter of fact, the Senate conferees stated sion of law requiring that agricultural con­ must obtain permission from the House. they were willing to recede on this amend­ servation payments should be considered· in Mr. WOLCOTr. Mr. Chairman, I ment but my colleagues insisted that the determining what parity is for farm products. yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from House recede." To this contention Mr. WICKERSHAM replied: Michigan [Mr. CRAWFORD]. In the Senate, the final conference report "At this time they should not be consid­ was explained by Senator RussELL on July 15, ered, but they are by virtue of a provision Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Chairman, so 1942, who remarked as follows ( 88 CoNGREs­ written into the l_ast agricultural appropria-· that I will not be misunderstood, a while SIONAL RECORD, p. 6172): tion bill _against my will and against your ago when I referred to the radio broad­ "There were four other items in dis­ wishes, and the farmers are getting cheated cast by Mr. Fulton Lewis, Jr., I think I agreement which are embraced within the out of the amount they have ,already earned. left the impression that Mr. Lewis had conference report. One was the Senate When parity payments are figured soil-con­ led me to believe that the distinguished amendment which stipulated that the soil­ servation benefits are again deducted, even gentleman from Tennessee who now oc­ conservation payments should be taken into though the farmers have already earned same acccunt in determining whether or not a by conforming to certain soil-building prac­ cupies the chair had endorsed his plan. farmer had received parity for a basic com- · tices. I did not mean to leave that impression. modity. The House receded on that amend­ "I &ubmit to you that this is nothing more If I understood Mr. Lewis correctly, it ment." than fair to those who earned these pay­ was to the effect that he had submitted The Senate then proceeded to agfee to the ments, and if we do not go ahead and con­ that plan to the gentleman from Ten­ conference report, and the provision under tinue the soil-conservation program we will nessee [Mr. GoRE] and that the gentle­ discussion was finally incorporated in the be sorry. man from Tennessee [Mr. GoRE] had re­ appropriation bill for the 1943 fiscal year "Mr. Chairman, I urge the adoption of this served comment on the plan. I make Attention was drawn to this problem next amendment." (~8 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, p. that statement because the gentleman in the message from the President to the 7385.) Congress on September 7, 1942. In that mes-­ The House, in defeating the amendment, from Tenn~ssee is in the chair. sage, he request.ed amendments to the Emer­ again indicated its intention that such pay­ (Mr. HARRis of Arkansas assumed the gency Price' Control Act of 1942, parti~ularly ments are to - be _considered in- ·d.etermining chair.) . _ ~ . . ._ .. with respect to the limitations regarding whether the ceiling price for an agrioul tura1 . · -Mr. GORE. Will the gentleman yield? maximum ceilings on the price of farm com­ commodity reflects parity to the .producer. Mr. . CRAWFORD. I yield to the gen­ modities. In asking that the farm prices be In t:onnection with the final conference re­ tleman from Tennessee. limited to parity, t~e President said: port, Senator Brown explained the effect of Mr. GORE. The distinguished com­ "In computing parity, we should continue section 3 of the bill to amend the Emergency mentator whom the gentleman has to use the computations of the Bureau of Price Control Act of '1942 in the following Agricultural Economics made under the law manner: , named did call me and suggested the plan which he had in mind. I said it had as It stands today, and in determining "In sub~?tance, therefore, the parity price whether a commodity has reached parity we or the highest 9-month price, whichever is admirable elements and at first blush I should include all benefits received b¥ the ~igher, has been substituted for 110 percent could not see ·any holes in it but I did farmer from his Government under the Agri- · of parity and the other limitations contained not want to commit myself about it. cultural ii.djustment Administration pro­ in section 3 (a) of the Price Control Act. In Now, the distinguished commentator, gram, allocable to the particular commodity. determining whether these limitations and who is one of the able analysts of this For it is unfair to give a farmer a parity price, the other maximum price limitation and Nation-- and, in addition, to pay him benefits which standards contained in section 3 have been will give him far more than parity." _Mr. CRAWFORD. I think so. I agree satisfied, parity payments and other direct with the gentleman. The President's message was included in or indirect Government subsidy or other pay~ the committee reports accompanying H. R. ments shall continue to be taken into ac­ Mr. GORE. Takes it for granted in his '7565 and Senate Joint Resolution 161, the count." (88 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, p. 7722.) plan that there would be a steady and a bills introduced for the purpose of amending In view of the clearly expressed congres­ constant supply. If it is said as a policy the Emergency Price Control Act of 1942. sional intent, as indicated above, we cannot of the Government that prices will be The problem of t aking into consideration concur in your statement that the p··esi­ allowed to reach their level, meat prices payments to farmers in fixing parity prices dent's order and his letter to Mr. Henderson for instance, the question then is whether was before the Congress throughout its con­ are in conflict with the intention of Congress. the farmers will send in a constant flow sideration of the amendments to the price­ We have recognized the difference between control act. For example, when testifying maximum prices established for wheat under of their products and whether packers before the Senate Banking and Currency Temporary Maximum Price .Regulation No. would withhold from the market. I have Committee with respect to Senate Joint Res­ 22 , issued in conformance with the Execut ive some hogs about ready to be sold. If this olut ion 161, Mr . Henderson made the follow­ order, and the loan rates established at 85 were the policy, I might hold the hogs, ing st atement (at p. 37 of the hearings): percent of parity prices. As you indicate, the thinking that the level would reach a "I think we would be better off, provided, maintenance of these price relationships higher price. In order for the plan as I say, the benefit payments and the parity would result in difficulties affecting the mar­ which the distinguished commentator payments and other forms 'lf payment on ket supply of good milling wh,eat and the has suggested to work we would have to subsidy are taken into consideration. Under operations of the grain market. To over­ existing law they may be taken into con­ come these difficulties, the Office of Price Ad­ have assurances, in my humble opinion, sideration, and we have done so. The At­ ministration and the Department of Agri­ that the allocations, the rations, would torney General approved this practice. That culture have announced a procedure where­ be below the demand and also that the assures a parity return." · by loan wheat will be released by the supply would be constant. - During the debates in the House the state­ Commodity Credit Corporation to producers Mr. CRAWFORD. I am very_ glad to m ent in the President's message of Septem- for sale in the markets at prices approxi- have the gentleman from Tennessee give 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2429 us that explanation. That is about the to the field day which the representa­ payer for Government purchases would way I understood Mr. Lewis to explain tives of the farm districts are having in be $760,000,000. his position. the House this afternoon. I also best:.. Thus the two bills taken together will Mr. GILCHRIST. Will the gentleman tate to oppose this bill, because I think add to the food bill of the Nation ap­ yield? there is considerable truth to what pre­ proximately $5,000,000,000~ Mr. CRAWFORD. I yield to the gen­ vious speakers have said that the pres­ Now I fully realize that we must have tleman from Iowa. ent regulations are to some extent con. food to win this war, that the farm labor Mr. GILCHRIST. I would like to ask trary to the intent of Congress when the situation is tragic, but I cannot see that my very distinguished friend from Ten­ price-control bill was passed. Howevet, this type of legislation which will ulti­ nessee how he is going to hold his hogs we are faced with a serious situation and mately result in increased cost of all off of the market profitably when they I want to be sure that when the House labor will cure the situation. are ready to go. He spoke awhile ago passes this bill we do so with our eyes Do not be surprised when, as R. result of the circumstance that he might want open. of what you are doing today and what to hold them off for a higher price when We have for the past year and a half you did last Friday, you find that the the hogs are ready to go and you are been fighting infiation with only partial War Labor Board will feel it necessary to feeding them corn or wheat. What are success. A year and a half ago some of allow a higher wage scale. They will not you going to do with the hogs? us stood in the Well of the House and be able to do otherwise. Today you are Mr. GORE. I know the gentleman is urged passage of an over-all ceiling. Our sowing the wind. We will inevitably a practical farmer. A hog will go to urgings were of no avail, for the admin­ reap the whirlwind. the market as a top at about 190 pounds istration was opposed to its enactment. Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Chairman, will the in my State. Perhaps the best profit That was the right time to have taken gentleman yield? a man makes on feeding is from 190 the matter squarely in hand, as the ad­ Mr. KEAN. I yield to the gentleman to 250 pounds. I might hold them for ministration realized 6 months after... from Nebraska. ward, but there is no use now in crying another 3 weeks in order to feed them an Mr. CURTIS. If the administration additional amount. Of course when over spilt milk. is interested in preventing infiation, why they reach the point where I cannot In the past year we have had a con­ did it not bring in a sales· tax bill here make a profit that would be a different siderable rise in the cost of food. It is immediately following the declaration thing. this rise which is being used by labor as of war? (Mr. GoRE resumed the chair.) its excuse for trying to break the Little Mr. KEAN. Do not ask me to excuse Mr. CRAWFORD. I bring this into Steel formula. the administration. the debate because of the remarks which We have all seen the decision of the War Labor Board on yesterday refusing Mr. CURTIS. Should that not have have been made which have to do with been done? the inftatiomtry forces, that may or may to change this formula, but you have also read their statement that they could not The CHAIRMAN. The time of the not be involved in this proposal. - gentleman has expired. It seems to me that we have reached continue this policy if, through acts of the hour as a result of the acts of this Congress, the cost of living should rise Mr. GAMBLE. Mr. Chairman, I yield Congress where some power of govern­ appreciably. 5 minutes to the gentleman from Iowa ment must place us under complete, We all know that if the Little Steel [Mr. GILCHRIST]. absolute, and full regimentation insofar formula is broken it will add to the cost Mr. GILCHRIST. Mr. Chairman, I do as rationing and pricing operations are of the things the farmers buy and so not know how any honest lawyer can concerned. ..J see no escape from that. raise the parity price. We all know that read the Price Control Act that we passed Certainly, the Congress and the people this, in turn, will cause even higher last year and give an interpretation say..­ are back of these appropriations which prices for food and again create a justi­ ing that you must add to the market we have made in connection with the fiable demand for higher wages, and so price of a bushel of corn the sum he is war effort and I am now satisfied that forth, ad infinitum. getting out of the benefit payments that the commercial banks of this country The spiral of infiation would be in full the law allows him and thus reach parity are going to be called upon to issue in­ force and everyone, except perhaps prices. Under previous laws, I might, for flationary dollars in the form of direct organized labor and organized farmers, example, have been a farmer raising 80 credit -to the Treasury to the tune of would be caught in the middle. acres of corn and the A. A. A. comes ·along billions and billions of dollars. Not only would this cause suffering but to me and says, "Reduce that to 50 acres The CHAIRMAN. The time of the the expense of the war to our taxpayers and we will give you benefit payments." gentleman has expired. would be greatly increased by the result­ Give me benefit payments, why? For Mr. GAMBLE. Mr. Chairman, I ing rise in prices. With costs of manu­ having lost 30 acres of corn. yield the gentleman 1 additional minute. facturing at such a high level it would be These gentlemen from the pavements Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Chairman, if difficult for us to compete in world mar­ of Forty-second Street in New York come that is to be the program to follow and kets after the war. along and say that that is a fair thing if our people are to induce the Congress We are going to win this war, but we to do. I say to you that it is not fair to to not place the heavy taxes on the peo­ may well lose the peace after the war as make the farmer pay for that twice. I ple, certainly the inflationary forces will a result of the forces which we are letting have already paid for · that benefit pay­ increase by leaps and bounds and that, loose today. ment when I lost the 30 acres. When I in turn, with the race between the so­ According to figures which have been sell my corn in the market there is no called primary prod'acer, the farmer, given me by the 0. P. A., the effect of one who has a right to charge it to me and the industrial worker, we will des­ this bill would be as follows: a second time. Such a man is not hon­ ignate as organized labor, each striving The increased cost to consumers from est, and he does not give a fair interpre­ to hold his position and each more or the rise in food prices alone through tation to the price-fixing laws when he less suspicious of the other, will all this Steagall-Bankhead bill would be one tries to enforce that sort of an arrange­ tend to increase this downward slope and a half billion dollars, or approxi­ ment. In other words, that man and which we are traveling and move us mately a 7-percent increase in the cost that interpretation compels the farmer into a position where full regimentation of the housewife's food bill. Added to to pay double for the thing that he has and full control will take over our people that would be the extra cost to the tax­ earned once. That is what the people and tell us exactly what we can do and payer through purchases of food by the opposing this bill today are trying to do. what we cannot do. Government for the Army, lend-lease, You know, as was pointed out by the The CHAIRMAN. The time of the and so forth, of a half a billion dollars. gentleman from Kansas, there are at gentleman has expired. In conjunction with this there would least 40 percent of the farmers who Mr. GAMBLE. Mr. Chairman, I yield be taken out of the housewife's rather raise corn that do not get one nickel's 6 minutes to the gentleman from New thin pocketbook for additional food worth of payments, not a nickel, and Jersey [Mr. KEAN]. costs, by the Pace bill which we passed still these gentlemen from the city ave­ Mr. KEAN. Mr. Chairman, it is with last Friday, $2,300,000,000; and under nues say that you have got to take out reluctance that I must add a sour note that bill the additional cost to the tax- these benefit payments a second time. 2430 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 24 Suppose I walk into the market with I was when we had the $25,000 salary out according to law in the first place. my corn and I ask for parity-price pay­ limitation before us. There the Presi­ This act is necessary to clarify the Price ment. I have never gotten a nickel's dent exercised an authority which he Control Act and to enforce the Pace bill worth of benefit payments and 40 per­ did not have, and he has exercised an au­ in case it should become law. cent of the farmers have not. I am met thority here which he does not possess. If the bill now under consideration is then by the Attorney General or some I think on that ground we are justified not carried out any better than the pre­ other lawyer from the administration in voting for this measure. vious laws enacted on this same subject, who says, "Oh, well, we have got to take Let me say a few words about the ques­ no great· benefit can be expected. out benefit payments against you," but I tion of inflation. There is perhaps more While we have these bills that pro­ never got anything or any such pay­ confusion about the question of inflation vide equality for the various groups, I ments. If I did get anything, as I said than anything . else discussed on this call your attention once more to the a while ago, I paid for it once before. :floor. It would be much better if the fact that large groups of our citizens are That is unfair. It is damnable. If I got farmers were allowed to get their just living on an income frozen by law, re­ the benefit payments, I paid for them share of income through the prices of gardless of the cost of living. In this once. · Do not take them away from me the products they sell than to make up class we have the veterans that are re­ a second time. If I did not get them, it is any deficiency through so-called farm ceivmg pensions; the recipients of wicked to make me pay for them in the benefit payments; it certainly would be mothers' pensions; the physically handi~ market place. better from the standpoint of inflation. capped, and the elderly citizens -of our They talk about the high cost of liv­ Let us not overlook this fact, that every country. I well realize that anyone is ing. Meat prices are so high now that dollar that the farmer receives in the subjected to considerable criticism if he this bill. will not add a penny's worth to form of farm benefit payments is in­ says a word for the elderly people of the price of meat. Let us take the fig­ herently inflationary. It represents Gov­ our country. I also realize the mandate ures: The corn-hog ratio is about 11 to 1. ernment-printed money. It represents of the people in the last election. I did Now, if you pay parity price for corn, money that has been raised by financing not take this mandate and do not now at 11 to 1, hogs would only sell at $11.88, through the banks. I believe the farmers construe it, however, to mean that we and today they are selling at over $15 or would feel better if they were permitted should starve any group of our people. $16, and still these boys from the pave­ to get their share·of income through the During the past several months we ments say that the payment of parity for prices of their produce, as they were ac­ have added up to $290 to the annual corn will raise the cost of living. It will customed to do before the New Deal-came in~ome of all Federal employees receiv­ not raise the cost of meat one bit. There into existence. ing up to $2,900 a year·. We have pro­ are a few things that it might possibly I know and you know what the pur­ vided for a $300 increase in salary for raise. It could scarcely raise prices of pose of the farm-benefit payments is. the Post Office employees for the dura­ those things which are above parity­ Its purpose is bureaucratic control of tion. We have increased up to $300 per the only thing below parity is corn, and I the farmer. What the farmer wants year the pay of District of Columbia think wheat-but anything which is al-· and. needs toda~. • above everything else, employees. I call your attention also ready above parity will not be materially is to be relieved of these terrible politi­ to the fact that we have also taken care affected by the bill nor will it increase cal shackles that have made him almost of the employees of the District that are the cost of living on these things. All of a slave. I say a slave advisedly, because getting $4,000 to $5,000 a year. this agitation and fear is just worked when the farmer must come to Wash­ They were included and were given the up, and there is no tr-uth in most of it. ington and ask the politicians and bu­ $300 additional annually. We have in­ They talk about raising the price, and reaucrats to place a value on his labor creased the income of other groups of our say that if this is passed it will raise the and on the things he produces, he is people through other legislative means. price all along the line. They talk about nothing else but a slave. our elderly citizens have not only been a spiral. Why, bless your hearts, do you . Mr. McMURRAY. Mr . . Chairman, asked to live on a fixed income as low as know that all along the line the prices are will the gentleman yield? $9 a month-the national average is fixed; the price of labor is fixed, the price Mr. SMITH of Ohio. I yield to the something over $20 a month-but we still of freight is fixed and frozen, the price of gentleman from Wisconsin. have not made provision ~ ,., that these rent is fixed and frozen, the price at the Mr. McMURRAY. Does the gentle­ elderly people can perform a few tasks grocery store is fixed and frozen, and so . man intend to tell the Members of this to supplement this meager income in on clear along the line. This bill cannot House that he wants farm prices and order to provide themselves with the increase prices all along the line. · Such farm incomes to return to the pre-New necessities of life. statements are ridiculous. Deal level of 1931 and 1932? Mr. BENDER. Mr. Chairman, will the The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Mr. SMITH of Ohio. The gentleman gentleman yield? gentleman has expired. asks a demagogic question.- I have never Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. I yield Mr. GAMBLE. Mr. Chairman, I yield yet answered a demagogic question on to the gentleman from Ohio. 5 minutes to the gentleman from Ohio this :floor and do not intend to answer Mr. BENDER. The cost of living all [Mr. SMITH]. any now. over the country has increased tremen­ Mr. SMITH of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, I Mr. McMURRAY. May I say that if I dously, but not the pension allowances. ask unanimous ·consent to revise and understood the gentleman correctly he I commend the gentleman on his fine extend my remarks. used the phrase, "unregulated pre-New observation. The CHAIRMAN. Is there abjection? Deal prices." Unregulated pre-l'jew Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. I thank There was no objection. Deal prices, I may inform the gentle­ the gentleman from Ohio. The time has Mr. SMITH of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, man, apply to 1931 and 193~. come to provide for these pension groups, I think Members are going pretty far Mr. SMITH of Ohio. The question regardless of whether the recipients are afield when they take this floor and which the gentleman from Wisconsin veterans, mothers, or the elderly people acknowledge, as was done a moment ago [Mr. McMURRAY] asks is pure demagog­ of our land. The Townsend group, as by the gentleman from New York [Mr. ery. Or is it possible he really believes well as all these groups, are justified in CELLER]-at least by inference it was in enslaving the farmers to a cruel bu­ bringing the seriousness of this situation acknowledged-that there is no statute reaucracy as the New Deal has done? to the attention of our legislative leaders which permits the President to exercise The CHAIRMAN. The time of the at this time. · the authority with respect to including gentleman has expired. As a constructive contribution to this farm benefit payments and subsidies in Mr. GAMBLE. Mr. Chairman, I yield problem we can provide the necessary calculating parity; that because we dis­ 4 minutes to the gentleman from Wis­ foods. We can meet the problem by in­ cussed the matter here on the floor and consin [Mr. MURRAY]. creased monthly payments. We can pro­ because opinions were expressed that Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. Mr. vide that all people receiving a pension he had that authority, therefore, he has Chairman, in regard to the bill before us can work for the duration without jeop­ the authority. I think such a view as today, let me call your attention to the ardizing their dependency status. We this is as erroneous as it can be. fact that it would not be · necessary to should feel obligated to·support the nee,;. I am going to vote for this bill prin­ have this bill here for consideration if essary legishttion to provide for these cipally because I am in the same position the Price Control Act had been carried groups without further delay. 1S43 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2431 Mr. GAMBLE. Mr. Chairman, I yield present time. I also represent approxi­ the President. I think he should prob­ 4 minutes to the gentleman from Con­ mately 40,000 white-collar workers, most ably distinguish between the votes which necticut [Mr. MILLER]. of whom are working in insurance-com­ some Members cast here against what Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. Mr. pany offices. These white-collar work­ they feel to be an encroachment upon Chairman and my colleagues, I must ers, in most cases, have received only 5- Congress by the administrative heads confess that the more I listen to debate percent salary increase since 1939, and, and the Members' fundamental loyalty on farm -legislation and so-called parity under existing law. 5 percent of that sal­ to the man we all admire on both sides of payments, the more confused I become. ary is being withheld as a Victory-tax the House. I think the President is do­ At the outset, may I say that I certainly payment. In addition to this Victory tax. ing the most. difficult job in fighting this want to see the American farmer get a most of them are permitting a deduction great war of possibly any President since fair rate for his labor and for his invested of 10 percent of their salary for the pur­ the beginning of this country' and doing capital. In connection with this particu­ chase of War bonds. It is this white­ it superbly, and I think that in the vast lar legislation may I add that I want to collar group particularly that will suffer job he is undertaking and the necessary see the President and others in the exec­ if Congress enacts legislation along the increase in administrative employment utive branches of our Government rec­ lines considered last Friday and now. there is bound to be abuses. I feel those ognize the intent of Congress in legisla­ It is beyond me to discover any good here, in the majority as well as in the tion that we pass here. reason why, in this year of 1943, with an minority, should try to wipe out those As I recall it, the first farm debate I apparent scarcity of .farm commodities abuses. I do not think it should be con­ heard in this House was in 1939. It was and with the American people earning sidered, and I do not want the RECORD to in connection wi.th an appropriation bill more money per month than they have show that for that reason we have lost providing · parity payments to farmers in a great many years, it is still necessary any respect for our great leader and growing basic crops for the purpose of to make any payments to farmers out of Commander in Chief. paying them 75 percent of so-called the Federal Treasury.. If a lot of this The CHAIRMAN. The time of the parity. I think the RECORD will bear me so-called farm legislation could be re­ gentleman from Pennsylvania has ex­ out when I say I voted for that appro­ pealed and a lot of the regulations and pired. priation. The next debate on farm leg­ restrictions that are now retarding the Mr. WOLCOTI'. Mr. Chairman, I islation that I recall was a proposal to farmer removed, I believe the farmers of yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from give the fa1mer 85 percent of parity. the Unite 1 States could produce the food ·Massachusetts [Mr. WIGGLESWORTH]. Throughout these two debates 1 under­ we so badly need and sell it at a price Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Mr. Chair­ stood that if the farmers of America ever that would give them a fair profit. If man, I ha.ve asked for this time to read received 100 percent of parity they Congress is in a frame of mind to do a telegram addressed to the Massachu­ would be in some sort of an economic something for the farmer, I suggest that setts delegation this morning by Mr. seventh heaven. · we turn our attention toward the prob­ Norman MacDonald, executive director During the Seventy-seventh Congress lem of providing him with labor-saving of the Massachusetts Taxpayers' Asso­ a bill reported out of the Banking and machinery and making labor available ciation. I read: Currency Committee of the House pro­ to the farmer at a decent wage that he Newspapers today report New England Re­ posed a formula whereby the farmer was could a:trord to ·pay, taking into consid­ publicans in Congress have protested to to be guaranteed 110 percent of parity. eration the market price of farm prod- Office of Price Administration against meat I returned to Congress in January of this ucts. · shortage in this area. Below is copy of tele­ gram sent today to Secretary Wickard and year, satisfied that at long last the farm­ Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 Price Director Brown: ers were receiving a parity price for their minutes to the gentleman from Pennsyl­ "Investigation here shows more than 6,- produce, and I did not anticipate that vania [Mr. WRIGHT}. 000,000 pounds of rationed foods with a there would be more so-called parity Mr. WRIGHT. Mr. Chairman, I dis­ value of more than 27,000,000 ration points legislation presented to this Congress. like to di:fier with my genial chairman. I were held in Federal warehouses in Massa­ In that assumption I was in error. would find it much more pleasant to c:"lusetts on March 1 as 'surplus' to be given Last Friday the House changed the I away, while same food items are either non­ agree with him, but feel like the pre­ existent in local markets or have high ration _rules of the game or the formula for de­ vious speaker, the gentleman from Con­ point value. This must be but small frac­ termination of parity and legislation was necticut [Mr. MILLER], hailing from a tion of quantity of rationed foods held as adopted providing that the labor of the consumers' district. It is not that I wish 'surplus' in all parts of country while serious farmer and the members of his family be to be deliberately unfair to the farmer, shortages of same products exist in open included in determining a parity price. but I find it rather difficult to understand market. Urge steps at once to get release of Today we are considering legislation some of the figures that I have listened to this food either to military services or to which, in substance, provides that any on the floor of the House ·and to com­ regular channels or trade so that civ111an farm-benefit payments, such as soil-con­ supply may rise. Sure you will recognize pare them with what I read as to the· in­ that it is unconscionable that American servation payments, be left out of con­ crease in the income of the farmer, some­ householders should be unable to buy neces­ sideration when determining a parity where around 100 percent over the past 2 sary food frqm local merchants while a Fed­ price. For the life of me I cannot under­ years. I also am concerned with the eral agency hoards vast quantities on shock­ stand why such cash benefits paid to the e:trect of the rise in the cost of living upon ingly false ground that it is 'surplus.' " farmers from the Federal Treasury the white-collar worker, the saJaried Wlll you not move at once to get your should be considered when parity is be­ worker, many of whom at the present group behind movement to free millions of ing determined. time, at the present price levels, are pounds of vitally needed food now held in Federal warehouses? My colleague from New Jersey, Con­ barely able to make a go. I know that gressman .KEAN, pointed out just a few there is always a jockeying back and Mr. Chairman, the telegram speaks minutes ago that the bill passed last Fri­ forth on the floor between those people for itself. It furnishes further evidence day, along with the bill now under con­ who reoresent men. who work in industry of the shocking manner in which the sideration, if enacted, will increase and men who work in agriculture, but administration bureaucrats are dealing­ the cost of farm commodities to the there is a third group that should be with the food problem at this time. American people to the extent of considered, and, as the previous speaker The CHAIRMAN. The time of the $5,000,000,000. stated, they have received a maximum gentleman from Massachusetts has ex- I am one of those who have a great of 5-percent increase in salaries. Those pired. . fear of just what the future of all of us men are going to feel the burden of such Mr. WOLOOTT, Mr. Chairman. I is going to be if we keep on raising the legislation as this and the bill that we yield the balanee pf the f;,ime on this side cost of living, as proposed in this type of passed last Friday. to the gentlel'Aan from Illinois [Mr. legislation. I represent a rather unusual The gentleman from Massachusetts a DIRKSEN]. district in that I represent approximately few moments ago was concerned as to The CHAffiMAN. The gentleman lOO,JOO men and women who ·are en­ whether or not the members of the Dem­ from Tilinois is recognized for 6 minutes. gaged in defense industries, and who are ocratic side of Congress today have lost Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Chairman, I shall receiving a fairly substantial wage at the their enthusiasm for the leadership of not require the 1·emaining time, but I do CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 24: want to reecho and reaffirm the funda- here was a provision· that in determining, bers -of the other body. I am quite -sure mental issue as appraised by the gentle- parity. you should take the market .price, that w.nen w_e passed this last price-fix­ man from Michigan [Mr. WoLcOTT]: you add the soil-conservation payments,• ing bill and adopt~d by a large majority: This is really not an economic issue then you determine how close you are to an amendment I introduced that all before us today. Once more this is a parity,' and .you. add enough money . to labor· costs shoulq, be calculated in parity question of a clash between the execu- bring it to the parity level. If the normal· the .other body W.Q\lld have incOl'POrated, tive and the legislative branches. It is a parity payment broughtit particula:r grade. tion for the Office of Price Administra- · shall be deducted in· establishing, maintain­ of tobacco, all of the remainder, was paid tion to be putting a ceiling on a farm ing, or adjusting maximum prices or in de­ to corn and wheat. Consequently those. . c_ommodity that is less than he can go .. termin!ng parity or comparable prices for are the two commodities involved as to to the Commodity Credit Corporation any _agricultural -c·o:r;nmodity or for_a _ny co~.:. , and borrow on it. modity processed or m·anufactured in whole parity psiyments. But those g,mounts of or in substantial part .from ·any agricultural money are not involved .here and I want What" is the effect? Of course, every : commodity. The agencies · of the ' Govern­ you to listen and I think- you -Nill agree farmer ls gojng .to take his wheat·to the ment having jurisdiction with respect to with me. . · Commodity cr·edit Corporation and bor- . atich prices and payments shall make- such The-payments on corn were about 5% · _ r.ow Government moi;ley. But in addi- _ adjustment in any . such prices heretofore,. cents for soil conservation and- 11 cents tion to that, there is one shortage of . det~tmined or established as may- be neces­ for parity:payments. Do you know what. wheat, and that is the Soft Red Winter· sary to carry out the purposes of _this act." the ·deduction on corn is today? It is-6 wheat on· which.· now -the ceiling is. 100 Mr. PACE. Mr. Chairman, I move to cents out of a possible 16% cents. Corn percent of parity. On the balance of strike out the last word.· is today · within 6 cents of the parity the wheat we have a 2-year supp.ly . . If The CHAffiM1\N. The gentleman price. Therefore, the entire amount paid the Office of Price Administration would from Georgia is recognized for ·5 minutes corn of 16% cents is not involved, under ' be thoughtf~l enough to go to the De-· on his motion. - this billl and the Office of Price Admin­ partment of Agriculture, they would be Mr. PACE. Mr; Chairman, I ask· istration has no justification in trying . told that the supply of the remainder of· unanimous consent to proceed for an to mislead this Congress as they have de­ the wheat is so great that it is not an- ­ additional·10 minutes. liberately tried to do in calculating under ticipated that the passage of this bill will The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman this bill all of the benefit payments in­ have the slightest effect upon the price from Georgia asks unanimous consent to volved. In the case of corn there is only of wheat on account of the enormous proceed for an additional 10 ·minutes. 6 cents a bushel. supply, except possibly in one important Is there objection? · Let us go to the next step. How much area, Kansas City. The supply of wheat' There was no objection. corn is produced and sold? The average up in the Minnesota area, the supply of The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman production of corn is 2,500,000,000 bush­ wheat on the western coast on hand is so from Georgia is recognized for 15 min­ els, but any farmer present will tell you enormous that, whether this bill passes utes. that only 15 percent of the corn moves or not, it will have no appreciable effect Mr. PACE. Mr. Chairman, I hope I to market. Eighty-five percent of the upon the price of wheat; and I repeat can say something that will help you in corn does not. Am I right, I will ask the that any group of men who so far forget determining your vote on this bill. I gentleman from Iowa? . themselves as to engage in the business· must say that the most irresponsible Mr. GILCHRIST. Quite right. of propaganda, which appears to ·be now statement that has ·been made on the Mr. PAGE. Eighty-five percent of the the business in which the O:Hlce of Price floor of this House is that one under. corn is fed on the farm in the-county in Administration is engaged, and to send which 0: P. A. took advantage of the which it is produced. All right. We have to this Congress and induce and mislead gentleman from New Jersey and permit­ involved affecting the cost of living only the gentleman from New Jersey in read­ ted him to state that this bill would 15 percent of the 2,500,000,000. bushels of ing such a statement to the Congress,. mean an increase of a billion .and a half corn produced, which is 375,000,000 bush­ should be run out of the Government dollars in the cost of living. I wish you els of corn. If there is only 6 cents in service before the sun sets. would follow me very closely for I think payment deducted then that involves the Mr. HOPE. Will the gentleman yield? I can prove to your total satisfaction stupendous figure of $22,500,000. I ask Mr. PACE. I yield to the gentleman that the college economists and statis­ the gentleman from New Jersey to make from Kansas. - ticians in the Office of Price Administra­ a note of that and supply it to the Office Mr. HOPE. I just want to add this to tion are the most irresponsible group of of Price Administration. :what the gentleman has said: The price men in this Nation today. Let us analyze Let us turn to wheat a minute. There of Hard Winter wheat today-and !think the situation. · is a part of wheat not involved in this the same thing is true of Hard Spring In the first place, of course, we are bill at all. The parity price on fiour wheat-is only about 15 cents a bushel dealing only with soil conservation and made from Soft Red Winter wheat is now less than parity. That is in spite of the parity payments for one particular year, at 100 percent of J,.,arity. May I repeat fact that the ceiling on fiour is lower because only 1 year can be involved. We that. There is no ceiling on wheat. It is than that. are not going back over any long period on fiour. The ceiling price of fiour made Mr. PACE. That is right. of -years, but it is the price of -one crop from Soft Red Winter wheat is today 100 Mr. HOPE. So that, if the price went and the payments made on ·that· par- percent of ·the parity price of fiour. ·so to parity under this bill, you could not ·Lxxxrx--154· 2434 . CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-HOUSE . MARCH 24 possibly add more than one-quarter of commodity incurred since January 1, 1941, crease in the cost of foodstuffs after they a cent to the price of each loaf of bread, the maximum prices so established will not : · leav~ the farm, let .me call attention to and bread today is selling at-the same refiect such increased costs. . this, that there was an increase of thre.i price it was selling for when the war · That · is substantially what you call , and a quarter biilion dollars in the cost began and less than it was selling for in the Pace bill. It is written in the act of of clothing. The cost of wool in a suit 1926. October 2, 1942, but the Office of Price of clothmg is about a dollar and a half Mr. PACE. I will make a further Administration has steadfastly refused today, and the cost of cotton in a $2 or statement, which will be confirmed by to put it into effect. a $3 shirt is less than 15 cents. Yet the Department of Agriculture, and that The bill you have here today is a re­ ' there has been added an increase of · is that a one-half cent rise in the price enactment of this language: three and a quarter billion dollars for of a loaf of bread would take care of a No maximum price shall be established or clothing alone. 20- to 25-cent rise in the price of wheat. maintained fa:: any agricultural commodity Let us 'now take furniture, and cer­ Mr. CRAWFORD. Will the gentleman below the parity price for such commodity. tainly no farmer is interested in pro­ yield for a question? . That is what you enacted last October. ducing furniture, but the increased ex­ Mr. PACE. I yield to the gentleman. What you are doing today is saying the penditure in the 4-year period went from Mr. CRAWFORD. I would like to get same thing in different language. I hope $2,998,6oo·,ooo to $4,085,000,000, and so the gentleman's jmlgment on this. As­ you are saying it so plainly that no man that portion of the increase in the cost suming that planned economy goes no can fail to understand what your pur­ of living ' is not included in what the further than at the present time-that pose is. farmer got. If I had the time I might is, we do not have to get into it any The CHAIRMAN. The time of the go on and mention many other inter­ deeper than at the present time-how gentleman from Georgia has agairi ex­ esting items in this particular statement, can anyone justify a planning or a plan pired. • but here is the fact. Of the $20,000,000,- which leaves the farmers of this country The Chair recognizes the gentleman 000 increase in expenditures in the 4 receiving less than parity for their labor from Wisconsin [Mr. HULL]. years, it is utterly impossible to charge in the form of the products they place on Mr. HpLL. Mr. Chairman, I move to to the farmers for all the products they the market? strike out the last two words. raise more than 25 percent of the total Mr. PACE. Of course, you cannot, and Mr. Chairman, there is one feature re­ amount. So, of the $20,000,000,000 in­ it is contrary to everything that this ad­ garding this parity-price situation that crease in the cost of livjng, more than ministration has been trying to do ever has not been mentioned here today. I $15,000,000,000 have gone to the people since the day I entered Congress. call the attention of Members who come living in urban centers. Mr. CRAWFORD. Correct. from counties or districts like my own, It does seem to me that the present Mr. PACE. Comments have been outside the Corn Belt, and the larger situation as to food should cause people made here today about two bills, one part of the country is outside the Corn to stop and think about this farm situ­ passed last Friday and the one now be­ Belt, to the difference in conditions as ation. Last year over a million and a fore you as if the farmers of this Nation between our districts and our sections quarter cows from the dairy herds were were asking too much. Do you know of the country and those sections where slaughtered and consumed as meat prod;. what you did last Friday, and do you corn loans and parity prices are in­ ucts. This year there will be one mil:. know what you propose to do today? volved. There are only about 21 coun­ . lion and a quarter less calves coming into You are simply enforcing legislation that ties of Wisconsin included in the Corn· the markets to be so\d for meat than we you passed last October and nothing Belt. The rest of our counties, the · had last year. Butter production de­ more. The farmers of this Nation are larger portion of Minnesota, I think all creased 23 percent during the month of asking only that the enactment of the of North Dakota, and practically most January. · I hope that decrease will not Congress approved by the President on of the other States, are wholly outside continue throughout the year, but 23 the 2d day of October 1942 be carried of that Corn Belt area. They have no percent decrease in butter production out. corn loans and no parity prices. means a falling off of over 450,000,000 It is most unfortunate that this Con­ Yet, if this order of the President pounds in 12 months. · gress finds its necessary to fortify the stands, if this legislation fails, the par­ The only manner in which the supply action it took on October 2, 1942, by this ity price of corn in our district will be of food may be increased and a stilt legislation. Let no one leave this Cham­ fixed on the benefits received by the worse situation avoided is to procure ber with the idea that in passing the farmers living in the Corn Belt area. It more products from the farm;:;. Every bill last Friday or passing this bill today seems to me that that alone is sufficient measure passed by Congress which will you have done one single thing more reason for the passing of this bill. lead to greater production on the farms than you did in the act of October 2, 1942. There has been so much said here by is of as much importance to city workers The CHAIRMAN. The time of the some Members from the urban centers and city people in gener

when the gentleman from Oklahoma j instead of trying to hold things where of balance. _ That is the only safe way we [Mr. WICKERSHAM] offered an amend­ they are, we are adding fuel to the fire. can meet this problem. ment which is in these words: The first thing we know we are going to The gentleman from Georgia says · Provided, however, That any other provision have a situation that we cannot control. that only $500,000,000 in parity payments .In any law to the contrary, acreage-conser­ It has been said that only Members from will be paid. We all know, as a matter vation-program payments, or soil-conserva­ the city districts. do not want this bill of fact, if you raise the base $500,000,000, tion benefits, shall not be considered as part passed. I want to say that more than everything else along the line rises. The of the farmer's income in figuring parity half of the people in my district live on gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. HuLL] income, but shall be considered separate farms and are good farmers. I am said that if you raise the base one point earned benefits. against this bill because I do not think you raise the price a third more. i: think Then the gentleman from Oklahoma in the long run it will be in their interest. he is conservative in that. If $500,000,000 [Mr. WICKERSHAM] made a short argu~ I do have considerable industry in my additional goes out to farmers, you will ment in favor of his amendment. There­ district, and one of the largest industries find the cost of living, the cost of what upon the gentleman from Georgia· [Mr. is coal mining. In these mines are em­ people have to pay for merchandise will TARVER] said he did not think the amend­ ployed hundreds of coal miners who ar~ be raised by three times that amount. ment was essential, but the gentleman· members of the United Mine Workers. 'I If that is done the Little Steel formula from Oklahoma [Mr. WICKERSHAM] dis- want to say frankly anti sincerely that I will be broken. Wages are going to be in­ . agreed with the gentleman from Georgia hope they do not get the raise they are creased more and more, and Y9U gentle­ and said these payments should not be asking for and I hope that the Little men sponsoring this bill will be back ask­ included, but that they were being in­ Steel formula is sustained. ing for additional increases, and we will cluded by virtue of a provision written What would it benefit. the farmer if he keep on until we have the worst situa­ into the last agricultural appropriation gets a little temporary advantage and tion on our hands that could be imagined. act. then all along the line the price of labor Mr. PACE. Will the gentleman yield? The result was that the amendment and everything that he has to buy goes Mr. KEFAUVER. Yes, I yield. was voted down in this House. So that up? Then we and the farmers would be Mr. PACE. The total food bill is about vie could take that as indicating that back where we are now. Then the price $25,000,000,000, .so that it would not really the House wanted soil-conservation pay­ of labor and equipment would ris.e and . cost anything. ments .included. I concede that many the farmer would want parity raised, Mr. KEFAUVER. According to the· Members probably voted against the and so on ad infinitum. But tlLere· gentleman from Georgia, this bill would amendment because Mr. TARVER said it would be a great group in the Nation who not give the farm, rs a cent. Therefore, was not necessary. would be utterly ruined by such a pro­ I do not see why he is so insistent that Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman, wili the cedure, and that.is the middle-class man, it be passed. The gentleman said it gentleman yield? · the white-collar man, the man who is would not help t.he wheat farmers; that Mr. KEFAUVER. Not now. Mr. not on the farin, whp is not represented it would only help a few corn farmers. Chairman, assuming for the purpose by powerful unions. Even the farm.ers Mr. PACE. That is right. of argument that the President or the and the men in the unions themselves Mr. KEFAUVER. Consideri~g the b. P. A. made a mistake in arriving at would in the end be ruined, because after great d.lngcr we are facing and the ne­ the intent of Congress, and that we have all they have investments in bonds, and cessity of protecting the Little Steel for­ a desire to reprimand the President, they have to foot the bill and pay for mula, I am surprised that for the little shall we take a chance of destroying the this war like everybody else. If we keep benefit the gentleman says this would economy of this Nation at this time, inviting inflation this war will cost so bring the farmers, he would take a when this matter is in a very precarious much that we will never be able to pay chance of throwing our economy out of balance, merely because we want to get the bill. The investments thos.e peqple balance and bringing about uncontrolled even with somebody? Shall we pursue have in life insurance, bonds, and other inflation. a dangerous and unwise course just to things that they rely upon to protect The CHAIRMAN. The time of the spank the President or chastise him? It them in their old age are going to be gentleman from Tennessee has expired. seems. to me that that is a very short­ worth increasingly less and less. Mr. KEAN. Mr. Chairman, I move to sighted policy to pursue. I wish that I . Mr: Chairman, we have a great qppor­ strike out the last five words. had the power to express the conviction tunity if we would set our foot down on Mr. Chairman, the gentleman from I feel·very deeply in my heart about this any further inflationary measures, and Georgia [Mr. PAC,E] has shed many tears matter. I feel that -while our boys are back up Mr. James Byrnes, Economic over my innocence and the fact that I winning on the fields 01 battle;·we are Stabilization Director, and our Chief have been taken in by the 0. P. A. I allowing our home defenses to crumble. Executive, and say "the Little Steel for­ would be the last one to sing the praises ·The great fight we have in this Nation mula shall not be broken and we who - of the statisticians in the 0. P. A., but in right now, in order to wiri the peace, and represent the farmers of this Natio~ and fairness to . them, I have just had them have some substantial economy when the workers of this Nation are willing to on the telephone and I think I should this war is over, is to prevent uncon­ take what we have at this time and go tell the House how they figure that the trolled inflation. That is the great job along with you on that program." We cost of living under this bill would go this Congress has to do at this time, have a great opportunity to make his­ up $1,500,000,000, while the actual · and, frankly, we are not doing our share. tory. It looks like we are turning our payments to the farme.rs would be We are not f::tcing the issue .bravely. ·backs on our plain duty and.are consid;- . $572,000.,000~ The Pace bill, which we passed the other ering the problem from a political view­ Mr. PACE. ,If the gentleman will day, was inflationary. The Disney point, with the aim of gaining favor with yield right ~here, the total maximum amendment to the debt ceiling bill was the farmers. payment .to the farmer is that amount, inflationary. I voted against . both of I have not received many letters from but the fact here is that the payment them. The Senate modified the Disney farmers complaining of prices. I have on corn is 16% cents, but ·the ceiling on. proposal to make it less objectionable, received many letters from farmers com­ corn is now within 6 cents of parity. but it is still inflationary and undesir­ plaining ·of the high cost of things they So there is but 6 cents involved. able and I could only vote for the con­ have to buy and that it looks like infla­ Mr. KEAN. Will the gentleman let ference report on the grounds that the tion is going to engulf us. I do not be­ me tell him the answer which the 0. P. debt limit must be raised for the prose­ lieve the farmers want a lot of additional A. statisticians gave me and he can take cution of the war. benefits at a time when the Nation is it for what it is worth. We are in these matters not meeting trying to keep its economy stable. I In the first place, they said that an our responsibility. I know it is popular know there is a tremendous farm-labor increase in the parity figure would break to rise and argue for the farmer and say, . problem. · That farm-labor problem will a number of price ceilings. One of the "Give him more." But I wonder if those probably continue. Let us give some in­ things they mentioned was dried beans, gentlemen who are doing this will find · centive subsidies to the farmer to enable and several others. that they have been the true frienQ. of him to pay a little more for his labor. In the second place, as the gentleman the farmer in the end? This matter of That can be done in such a way that our from Tennessee [Mr. KEFAUVER] stated, inflati<>n is tottering in the balance, and whole economy will not be thrown out payment to the farmer is at the farm 2436 • CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 24: level, and there is always a mark-up new order·roouires beef and veal for farmers' Mr. BELL. Mr. Chairman, I move to before it reaches the retail level, and own use must be Federal graded costing $2.20 strike out the last word. that the Department of Agriculture fig­ per hour from time grader leaves South St. Mr. Chairman, my district is at the ures is about 35 percent. Paul to return. geographical center of the United States. In the third place, niost of the pay­ In my case it would cost me $50 to have 'About one-third of the voters of my dis­ ments wfuch have been made are made a little 50-pound locker examined, so if trict are farmers and the other two­ on grains which are used for f~ed. If the order stands I shall have to continue thirds live in town, Kansas City. I want you increase the price of feed to the to live out of cans. I continue quoting to say a word this afternoon in behalf of farmers you will have to increase the the telegram: these city dwellers. The eastern half of price of meat. They stated again they Pratt of Office of Price Administration and my district has been pretty largely a felt that though actual payments to the Dr. Booth representing Agriculture before dairy district. At the beginning of 1942 farmers were only $500,000,000, that the meeting said they could not understand we had 2n farmers engaged in the dairy rise in the cost of food to the consumer reason- business. During 1942 0. P. A. began to would be a billion and a half. Well, they are not alone; neither can I. fix price ceilings. The farmers immedi­ Mr. PACE. Mr. Chairman, will the We think this most unreasonable of all un­ ately began to complain that they could gentleman yield? fair orders and is apparently designed to kill not remain in the dairy business under· Mr. KEAN. I yield. locker plants. Farmers present dumfounded those ceilings as fixed. The year has Mr. PACE. To begin with, dried beans and spirit is rebellious. Please contact Office gone by and we are now in 1943. There have nothing whatever to do with it. of Price Administration and Agriculture de­ were 273 farmers in the dairy business. · No payments will be made on dried manding removal inspection requirement Seventy-five of them remain. One hun­ beans; they do not figure in parity or where meat for farmer's own use. dred and ninety-seven have been put out soil conservation. In the second place Signed: of business because "they could not stay the official figures of the Department of Twin City Milk Producers Association; in business under these price ceilings. Agriculture are that the farmer gets 53 W. s. Moscrip, R. B. Goodhue, F. H. Rohe, The dairy herds have been sold largely to cents of the consumer's dollar which S. R. Houlton, A. T. Frank, H. R. Leonard. the packing houses and the cows have does not reconcile with the gentleman's been killed as low-grade beef. That is statement. In the third place-- They tell us there is a serious shortage what these ceilings have done to the Mr. KEAN. It is not my statement, of manpower, yet here we find a Govern­ dairy business in my district, and I do it is the statement of the 0. P. A. statis­ ment agency embarking on a new pro­ not bring up my district because I think ticians, if the gentleman please. gram of Government inspection that will it is of greater interest to this discussion Mr. PACE. And in the third place, I'equire the full time of hundreds of in­ than districts of the rest of you but be­ every hog raiser on this floor will tell spectors. The order should not be cause it is a cross-section of the country you that the spread today between the charged to Prentiss Brown or any of his and the price ceilings are substantially cost of corn and the ::>rice of the hog is appointees. Rather it must be charged the same as those fixed in other parts of the greatest it has been since the United to some crackpot who is holding over the country. I am assuming, and I think States Government was founded; that from Leon Henderson's crackpot regime. ·correctly, that the situation with respect the spread between the cost of the corn Mr. Brown probably does not know any­ to that business in my district perhaps and the price of the hog is the greatest thing about it, but he surely will be fully may be parallel to the situation in hun­ that has ever been known; and the gen­ advised tomorrow morning. There will dreds of other communities all over the tleman ought to assume that nothing be great rejoicing in "packingtown" over United States. was to be done to affect that 17-to-1 the order, but it will evoke righteous in­ Some time ago a price ceiling was fixed spread that now exists, when Members dignation in tens of thousands of homes so that the farmer got 2.6 cents a pound have attempted to explain this afternoon that use lockers to store their meat for for his milk. I do not know what the that a slight increase of 6 cents on 15 summer use. It is high time that Con­ man in the city paid for it, but that is percent of the corn that is produced, gress step into the picture and put a stop what the farmer got. That ceiling has which is the amount of com that goes to this devilish and damnable foolish­ been raised at the present time. The into the market, would have no appre­ ness. farmers are now getting $3.65 per hun­ ciable effect on the price of hogs; and in Mr. AUGUST. H. ANDRESER Mr. dred pounds. The result is that the sit­ the fourth place there is no ceiling on Chairman, will the gentleman yield? uation is not as bad as it was, but -almost the price of hogs or on the price of cattle Mr. KNUTSON. I yield. three-quarters of the dairies have gone at the present time, and therefore there Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I have out of business. I do not think I will would never be any adjustment in those just had a session with the bureaucrats have to argue with any of the city dwell­ prices. down in 0. P. A. in regard to. the matter ers in my district about that. They will Mr. BROWN of Georgia. Mr. Chair­ to which the gentleman refe:oo. The understand that if the dairies of the mao will the gentleman yield? key policy makers down there inform me country go out of busir~ess, or at least Mr. KEAN. I yield. that these two 0. P. A. men who are out three-quarters of them, the people in the Mr. BROWN of Georgia. Does the over the Northwest giving out this com­ towns and cities are going to lack milk. gentleman believe the President had au;.. pulsory order for inspection of meat a If the farmers go out of business the peo­ thority under the I>rice-fixing bill of oc·­ farmer slaughters for his own use has ple in the towns are going to go hungry. tober 1942 to issue the Executive order been rescinded, that they had not caught So I think the first statement I made is requiring the inclusion of soil-conserva­ up with the latest regulation which per­ correct. I am talking on behalf of the tion payments in the calculation of mits the farmer to slaughter his pork city dwellers in my district. The bill now parity? and beef for his own use without having before the House, which will perhaps Mr. KEAN. I do not know; I am not to have it graded by a Government raise the ceilings that the farmers are a lawyer. grader. to have a little bit, is really a bill that The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Mr. KNUTSON. We should not criti­ will, in the months to come, benefit the gentleman from New Jersey has expired. cize the two gentlemen who are way out city dwellers even more than the farmer. Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Chairman, I rise there. None of us, much less -they, can I think that everybody within the sound in opposition to the pro forma amend­ keep up with what is being done by of my voice at tllis moment certainly ment and ask unanimous consent to pro­ bureaucrats in Washington. knows that if we get to the point where . ceed out of order. Let me say to my colleague from Min­ there is not enough food to go around, The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, nesota that I am glad he has contacted the farmers are going to eat first and lt is so ordered. 0. P. A. I would have gone down there the city dwellers after that. There was no objection. this afternoon, but was in a .conference Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Will Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Chairman, I am on a tax bill. I am glad the gentleman the gentleman yield? wondering whether 0. P. A. has gone has got it all fixed up, for I shall be able Mr. BELL. I yield to the gentleman berserk. It would seem so. Let me read to sleep better tonight. from Minnesota. you a telegram that came to hand this The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. The afternoon: gentleman from Minnesota has expired. trouble with some of the men who are Office of Price Administration informed By unanimous consent the pro forma making. the orders down here-and that 500 locker plant representatives yesterday amendments were withdrawn. is one need for this legislation-is the 1943 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-HOUSE 2437 fact they believe they can turn on a Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman, will the KNUTSON, was just talking about--farm spigot and get milk; that it does not take gentleman yield? lockers-where farmers have kept their any manpower or food to produce that Mr. TABER. I yield to the gentleman meat for years. · I am going to read a milk. from Kansas. 6-line statement that I received about Mr. BELL. I think the gentleman is Mr. HOPE. Does not the gentleman lockers in my district: correct in that. Some of these folks who agree with me that if we pass this legis­ Bureaucracy is the worst menace American make these orders have not known just lation so the subsidy cannot be deducted, business faces-and unless business fights it what they were doing. the price of most commodities will go up tooth and nail all the time, bureaucracy will I do want to add that I have the feel­ to parity and there will be no further win, business will be doomed. ing that ex-Senator Brown has started need for subsidies? That is what I would A new example: Farmers, small towners like to see, and I agree with the gentle­ in eastern Colorado, from time immemorial, out to do a splendid job. I believe in him have rented lockers, stored surplus meats, in­ and I believe that when he raises the man in that. cluding ducks, pheasants, rabbits they killed ceiling on milk in my community and in Mr. TABER. I think we should pass a while hunting. other communities of the country he will bill to prohibit the payment of subsidies Last month Government bureacrats came have taken a long step toward seeing to rather than putting-something in to do it to town, investigated lockers, ruled those it that the people in the cities have milk by indirection. That is what we ought to who held foodstuffs (some of it a year, 2 in the months to come. try to do. years old) were operating black markets. Mr. HOPE. Will the gentleman yield Of course, if the matter came to a trial, There is talk about fixing a ceiling on probably courts would hold defendants in­ beef and hogs. In regard to beef cattle for a further question? nocent. But do we in America constantly I have been concerned for a year or more Mr. TABER. Yes. have to go to court to uphold our inalienable because .of the ceilings which have been Mr. HOPE. Right on that point, there rights? fixed on finished beef. The packers are are Government agencies like the Com­ modity Credit Corporation that already I call your attention to that and ask not going to pay more for a steer on the you, What is going on in this country? hoof, than they can afford, to kill him. have vast amounts of funds that they can use in paying subsidies, and whether Who knows down here in Washington? dress him, and sell him for to the public; Who is running these bureaucrats, I The result has been that the price of we pass any legislation this year or not they will probably still go in and pay want to know? · beef on the hoof has been too low for a Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. feeder to make any money. The feed subsidies to keep prices down. Mr. TABER. If they are going to pay Chairman, will the gentleman yield? lots of the Middle West are not filled Mr. HILL. I yield to the gentleman with cattle like they ought to be. I can subsidies and the farmers get the subsi­ dies, we are not hurting the farmers if from Minnesota. remember very well during the First Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. May I World War the farmers were getting 26 we let that be considered. Mr. HOPE. If we pass' this legislation say to the gentleman that his constitu­ cents a pound for steers on the hoof. ents cannot get into court under any Today they are getting 15 cents, 60 per­ they will have to stop that. 1\.;:r. TABER. I want to be fair, I think regulation of the 0. P. A., so they will cent of the price during the last war. have to take their medicine. We had plenty of beef in the last war, we have to be fair with the public. I think that we ought to pass legislation Mr. HILL. What would the gentleman yet with beef selling at prices ranging advise those farmers to do when a man around 40 percent lower than 25 years that would absolutely prohibit the pay­ ment of any of the subsidies, and that comes along without any regulations or ago, we are talking about placing a ceil..; rules in his pocket and asks them to open ing lower than this low price. would prevent any of those things being paid out of the Treasury or any corpora­ their lockers, to make him prove that he The CHAIRMAN. The time of the tion or anything of that kind. has a right to do this? What would you gentleman has expired. Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. do for them? Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chafrman, I move to Chairman, will the gentleman yield.? - Mr. AUGUST H. ~NDRE$EN. What I strike out the last seven words. Mr. TABER. Yes. _ .. would· advise them to do I am unable to · Mr. STEAGALL. . W'ill the gentleman Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I do not ·state right now, because it 'i'night not be yield? think it makes much difference if we fit for the RECORD. Mr. HOPE. I yield to the gentleman pass this bill or not. They are going to Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Chairman, will from Alabama. interpret the law the way they want to the gentleman yield? Mr. STEAGALL. May we not close the down there, as they have done with Mr. HILL. I yield to the gentleman debate at the end of 5 minutes? many laws. from Michigan. Mr. KEEFE. No. Mr. TABER. You mean that the leg­ Mr. CRAWFORD. I can understand Mr. STEAGALL. Mr. Chairman, I ask islation does not mean a thing, that the the wrath of the fine people in Colorado, unanimous consent that all debate on administration has no respect for the because I have lived there, and I know this bill and all amendments thereto law whatever? I think perhaps the gen­ a lot of them close to the gentleman's close in 20 minutes. tleman is right in that; I think I could district, and I can understand the gen­ The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection go along with him on that. On the other tleman's wrath, but let me repeat again, to the request of the gentleman from hand, I do not want to pass some bill we have not seen anything of regimenta­ Alabama [Mr. STEAGALL]? that seems to say 2omething that I do tion compared to what we shall have to There was no objection. not believe the farmers are asking and I go through before this war is won. We The Chair recognizes the gentleman do not believe that it is fair that we put might just as well be fair with ourselves from New York [Mr. TABER]. it in their mouths. and fair with the people of this country. Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I am Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. One of I am telling the people in my district ready to go along with any bill that is·, the problems, of course, we have had here what they are up against. I do not know 1 in my opinion, fair and designed to help is that we pass one law stating a certain of any remedy for it. We must win the the farmer. Frankly, I cannot agree with intent of the Congress and the bureaus war. this bill. I think the farmer should re­ administer the law the way they want Mr. MASON. Mr. Chairman, will the ceive a fair price for his product. I to; then we have to pass another law gentleman yield? · think we should do away with subsidies telling them what the intent ·of the Con .. Mr. HILL. I yield to the gentleman of every type. I · have understood from gress was in the first law. from lllinois. many, many farmers that is what they Mr. TABER. And then they pay no . Mr. MASON. May I ask the gentle­ want. I do not think· that we should say attention to either one of them. man who has just spoken whether he that if the farmer receives a subsidy that Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. That is considers this locker business as an aid should not be taken into consideration in right. ·· in winning the war. arriving at the price, but we should see The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Mr. CRAWFORD. If the gentleman that we do get rid of the subsidies and .gentleman has expired. will yield, if it has to rio with food, of stop all this "monkeying" around which The Chair recognizes the gentleman course, it has something to do with win­ has destroyed very largely the independ­ from Colorado [Mr. HILL]. ning the war. We will learn more about ence of the farmers. Let us give them Mr. HILL. Mr. Chairman, I take this that later. a fair price and stop this subsidy busi- . time to call attention to what the gentle­ Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Chairman, will the lless. man fro~ Minnesota, Congressman gentleman yield? 2438 ' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD·- · HOUSE MARCH 24 Mr. HILL. I yield to the gentleman stand the American people, and I hope both the majority and the minority, · from Nebraska. you get some results. I doubt it. I should set a good example to us and pre-. Mr. CURTIS. I think this Congress think you are going to destroy the price sent bills which will cut the appropria­ would perhaps be interested in knowing control by what you are doing. I want tions out from under them. that while the manpower shortage is to see this Congress do something, and Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, will the noticeable on every hand the Office of ! have indicated time and time again gentleman yield? Price Administration mailed to every on the floor of this House that the only Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Yes. lawyer in Nebraska a three-page docu­ way that you can do anything and the Mr. RANKIN. I quite agree with the ment telling them what George Wash­ only language that these fellows under­ gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. KEEFE] ington believed about price control. The stand down here is money-money; and but if I remember correctly it is only 2 only thing I got out of it was that those when they come up here asking for weeks ago that he was demanding that fellows down there might have a little money to hire these long-haired profes­ certain Communists be taken off the pay respect for George Washington, but it sors that are makin;:, these orders, and roll, but when the time came to vote, he certainly took a lot of time and it costs these economic analysts, and these law­ voted the other way. money to send them through the mails. yers anc these economistf that write The CHAIRMAN. The time of the I can see no connection between that these orders that your patronage boys gentleman from Minnesota has expired. and the war effort. will have to go out and try to enforce­ Under the rule, the Committee will The CHAIRMAN. The time of the when they ask for money you give it and rise. gentleman from Colorado has expired. you keep on giving it to th~m. When Accordingly the Committee rose; and The Chair recognizes the gentleman they come up here the next time you the Speaker pro tempore having re­ from Wisconsin [Mr. KEEE'E]. will have the control by simply telling sumed the chair, Mr. GoRE, Chairman Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Chairman, from day Prentiss Brown that from now on unless of the Committee of the Whole House to day I hear, as you do, these constant he corrects 'these intolerable situations on the state of the Union, reported that complaints about the 0. P. A. and about that both sides of this House condemn, that Committee had had under consid­ bureaucratic control of Government. I he is not going to have the funds to op­ eration the bill,H. R. 1698, and pursuant hear illustration after illustration of erate with at all until he does. to House Resolution 172, he reported the the wrath of the people, coming from The CHAIRMAN. The time of the bill back to the House. the Democratic side and coming from gentleman from Wisconsin has expired. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under . the Republican side. Members standing Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. the rule, the previous question is ordered. here day after day giving the opinions Chairman, I move to strike out the last The question is on the engrossment and of what they conceive to be an outraged work. The gentleman from Wisconsin third reading of the bill. constjtuency~ pointing out illustration [Mr. KEEFE] wants action. I am glad The bill was. ordered to be engrossed after illustration of where the 0. P. A. that he has signified his ideas in that and read a third time, and was read the or some. other bureaucratic agency is respect. We have already ha~ some third time. impinging upon what are conceived to be action I may say to the gentleman from The SPEAKER pro tempore. The the sovereign rights uf the people. We Wisconsin. Mr. Hamm has been dis­ question is on the passage of the bill. hear these illustrations, we hear the missed from the service-- Mr. BRADLEY of Pennsylvania. Mr. complaints about lockers, we hear the Mr. SHORT. But there are plenty of Speaker, on t:pat I demand the yeas· and complaints about this, we hear the com­ "hams" left. nays. plaints ~bout that. But what are you Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. The The SPEAKER pro tempore. Those doing about it except talk? It costs assistant chief and Colonel Ginsburg in favor of ordering the yeas and nays some money to print this talk and to have been dismissed from the service. will rise and remain standing until send it throughout the country, too, I Mr. HILL. But when will they dismiss counted. [After counting.] Three tell you. You are not getting anywhere this other professor, Dr Galbraith? He Members have risen, not a sufficient with your talk, because person after per­ is still on the list. number, and the yeas and nays are re­ son stands here, day after day, and tells Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I may fused. The question is on the passage the Members of this Congress of their say to the gentleman that I think Dr. of the bill. inability to get satisfaction from the Galbraith will be dismissed when his true The question was taken; and on a di­ bureaucrats, a.s they are _called. worth is discovered by Prentiss Brown, vision (demanded by Mr. MARCANTONIO) As one Member of Congress, I am get­ which I hope will be very soon. there were-ayes 149, noes 40. ting a little bit tired of these complaints Mr. CLEVENGER. Mr. Chairmanl So the· bill was passed. and this constant bitterness, and I am will the gentleman yield? A motion to reconsider the vote by beginning to want some action. I could Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Yes. which the bill was passed was laid on the tell you of dozens of meat-processing Mr. CLEVENGER. Did anybody back table. plants in my State and in my district in the gentleman's district tell of the Mr. STEAGALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask that have been closed as a result of A. A. A. being called in to distribute the unanimous consent to take from the what I conceive to be silly and asinine Vice President's speech the other night? Speaker's table the bill S. 660, which is orders of the 0. P. A. But what good is Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I do an identical bill to the one just passed, that going to do? I could bring their not think so. and pass the Senate bill. protests and their letters and their tele­ Mr. CLEVENGER. We had them in .The Clerk read the title of the bill: grams here, and they might get some every county in my district. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there benefit out of seeing tbem in the CoN­ Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. The ·objection to the request of the gentle.: GRESSIONAL RECORD, but of What benefit gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. KEEFE] man from Alabama? . 1s it unless it will restore· these plants, has demanded action. . Well I hope that Mr. WOLCOTT. Reserving the right of what benefit is it unless it will keep he, as one of the prominent members of to object, the gentleman made a state.. these people in business? · the Appropriations Committee, will give .ment which I do not think he intended What are you doing about it, you peo­ us the action that he is advocating, to make and which I do not think should ple in tne majority? What are you Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Chairman, will the stand in the RECORD. The bill S. 660 is doing to stop this 0. P. A.? Oh, you are gentleman yield? not an identical Nll. It covers the same doing one thing, you are turning the . Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Yes. · subject matter. patronage boys loose down there, and­ Mr. KEEFE. The gentleman is famil­ Mr. STEAGALL. In substance, it is you are manning these regional offices iar with the fact that the Appropriations the same bill. now, and you good Democratic boys are Committee has alre~:iy given you some Mr. WOLCOTT. No; S. 660 is not an getting a ·lot of patronage, and you are action. amendment to the Price Control Act. getting all your friends in there-at least Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Well, Mr. STEAGALL. No; it is not an you are in my State. They are doing it we want action on this proposition, and amendment to the Price Control Act, but in my State, and I know what they are if the gentleman says that we can get it accomplishes the identical purpose doing there, and I hope to God that as it by denying the appropriations to the that would be accomplished by the bill a result you will get some men who will 0. P. A. and these other agencies, he and which amends the Price Control Act. understand human nature and under- the other members of his committee, which was just passed, 1943 CONGRESSIONAL . RECORD-HOUSE 2439 Mr. WOLCOTT. Is the gentleman's Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. I un­ The Clerk read the bill, as follows: request to strike out all af.ter the enact­ derstand that is a unanimous report for Be it enacted, etc., That any vessel formerly ing clause of the Senate bill and substi­ the benefit of those engaged in the fish­ used or suitable for use in the fishing or re­ tute the House bill? ing industry? lated industries the title to which has been Mr. STEAGALL. No. My request was Mr. BLAND. That is correct. or may hereafter be acquired by the United to pass the Senate bill, after which . I The SPEAKER pro tempore. The States through purchase or requisition, be will ask that the proceedings whereby we Chair will recognize the gentleman from returned to private ownership in accordance passed the House bill would be vacated. Virginia. with the provisions of this act. SEc. 2. Every such vessel shall, upon de­ Mr. WOLCOTT. Do I understand that RETURN TO PRIVATE OWNERSHIP OF termination by the department or agency if we consent, all after the enacting CERTAIN VESSELS USED IN THE FiSH­ having possession thereof that the vessel is clause will be stricken and the House bill ING INDUSTRY no longer needed or can be spared by sucb substituted? Is that the gentleman's department or agency without detriment to request? Mr. BLAND. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani- its service, be made available to the Admin­ Mr. STEAGALL. Mr. Speaker, 1 will mous consent for the immediate consid­ istrator of the War Shipping Administration amend my request by asking unanimous eration of the bill ro .tempore . .Without · yield. chase price or compensation· paid or payable -objection, the proceedings by which the Mr. DONDERO. Does this· apply to by the United · States for such vessel less a bill H. R. 1698 was passed.will b::: vacated, fisheries on the Great Lakes? · . reasonable allowance to cover the cost of re­ and·the bill laid on the table. · · Mr. BLAND. This applies. to fisheries conditioning as hereinabove defined. 'J;here was no objection. · :on the Great Lakes and. fisheries gen- ~Ec. 4. The Administrator may . withhold erally. ' from t}?.e funds received for the return or ORDE.R OF BUSINESS . Mr. MAGNUSON. Will the gentleman sale of any such vessel the expen'ses incurred Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. yield? . .bY liim in such return or sale, and-shall pay over the balance of such receipts to the de­ Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to pro- Mr. MARTIN . of Massachusetts. I partment or agency by which such vess'el was · ceed for 1 mirmte. yi~lp.. ll1ade avallable. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Mr. MAGNUSON. Does the bill also objection? · ·apply ·to fishing outside 'the:ter-ritoria:l With the following committe~ a~end.:.. There was no .objection. . ·. 1imits of the United States? · ments: . · · ·. Mr. ~ MARTIN or Massachusetts. -I 1 : • M_r. · BLAND .. This shp.ply applies· to - Page 1, ·line 6; aft_er the word "requisition'', wopld like to k_now ·how .manY<· confer:. ' :boats were. -,Nqw ·- tliere ' ' strik~ 'out tpe cpinma and insert' tlie word -th~t taken_.oyer~ ·••znay." -" .. · · · · · · ,. · ·; ence report's Will be brought UP tonight, , iS nothing to ·do eXCept•to f:lell 'them, I The SPEAKER· ·pro -tempore: · The '· Mr.· MAGNUSON. For instance, the , . Page 2, line 9, strike out .the -' wor~s '",may Chair understands there -is a conference Alaskan·fisheries whose boats.' have been be" and insert in lieu thereof · the · words "the Actin'inistrator and the 'owner may. report from the Ways ·and Means Com- ' taken·.could ·buy them back? find." - · mittee which is in orci·er, unanimtnis:cori'-· - Mr. BLAND. · They can ·buy 'them . . · Page 2. line -to; etdlte out;'·the. worcis "fish:. , sent having .been obtained· earlier today i back if tqey, can arr_ange ~te~ms : witli the ; ing or.-related:industr.ies". and insert .in . lieu for its consideration. . The Cliair also un.:- . Administrator and if -the vessel is not · thereof , t:q.e words "fisheries or industrleiS derstands that the ·naval subcommittee · ·needed by a -war agency •. •relateQ.·. thereto.'' 1 of the Committee on Appropriations has • • ~r. · MAGNVSON. · And. then,, if not, · Page ·. 2, lin~ l5J after .the word "final:' and agreed on the naval _defiCiency bili; and ·somebody else in the same related indus:. · before the period, insert the words-"nutwith._ unanimous consent will be ·asked· for the ·ti-y· could buy it back? · standing any other provisiqn of law. ? ~ · · consideration of 'that after -the. confer- Mr. BLAND. He would have prefer- . Page 2, line 17, after the .word "·notice;•• ence report from .the Ways .and Means , ence then. Then after that, if none. of · and before the-comma, insert in parentheses Committee has beeri disposed 'of. It is them would buy it,. the boat would be sold the following-! "which . time shall be speci­ quite important th~t that bill be enacted ·generally. fied in t:q.e notice, but may tie extended by today if_possible. ·Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. I the Administrator:" · The Chal,r will state, and the Chair as- · withdraw my reservation of objection, Page 2, : line 24, strike out· the words sumes the gen.tleman from Massachu- Mr. Speaker. . . "fishing or related· industries" and. insert . in lieu thereof the following : "fiSheries or setts has been consulted, that·_ the -gentle- The SPEAKER. pro tei:n.pore. . Is- tl).ere industries related thereto." · man from Virginia [Mr. BLAND] is going objection to. the request of the gentlem~n to ask unanimous consent for .the consid- -from _Virginia? The committee amendments · were eration of the bill H. -R. 2238. There was no objection. a~reed · ~o_: 2440 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 24 The bill was .ordered to be engrossed tive Order No. 9250 issued by the President that caused so many of us to express our and read a third time, was read the third on October 3, 1942, regulation No. 4001.9 is­ opposition so vehemently. If that had sued by t:P~ ~onomic St;:_~.~ilization Director time, and passed, and a motion to recon- on October 27, 1942, and all orders, regula­ not been brought before the House there sider was laid on the ta.ble. . tions, and other directives,. and all decisions would not have~ been such.strong opposi­ The title was amended so as to read: promulgated or made by virtue of such ~­ tion to his proposal. "A bill to authorize the return to pri­ ecutive order or regulation, which are in con­ Mr. DISNEY. So I learned last week. vate ownership of certain vessels for­ flict with section 4 of the Stab1llzation Act Mr. WOODRUFF of .Michigan. Mr. merly used or suitable for use in the . of October 2, 1942, as amended. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? fisheries or industries related thereto." · The conference agreement retains the pro- Mr. DlSNEY. I yield. visions of the Senate amendment. TO INCREASE THE DEBT LIMIT OF THE Mr. WOODRUFF of -Michigan. Mr. R. L. DauGHTON, UNITED STATES Speaker, I was not one ·oi the conferees JERE COOPER, on this bill but I do know from the two Mr. DISNEY, from the Committee on WESLEY E. DISNEY, who were repres.enting the rn,inority of Ways and Means, presented.the follow­ A. WILLIS ROBERTSON, the House that they are in entire agree­ ing conference report and statement on ALLEN T. TREADWAY, HAROLD KNuTSON, ment on this conference· report. Inas­ the bill (H. R. 1780) to increase the debt DANIEL A. REED, much as no member of the committee on limit of the United States 'and for other Managers on the part of the House_. this side appears to want any time, I have purposes, which was referred to the no objection to the IJ'lotion of the gen­ House Calendar and ordered printed: Mr. DISNEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask tleman from Oklahoma. unanimous consent for the immediate Mr. CASE. Mr. Speaker, will the gen­ CONFERENCE REPORT consideration of the conference report The committee of conference on the dis­ tleman yield? agreeing votes of the two Houses on the on the bill gers, Call!. White Hall, McWilliams Short Mont. Rowe Winter RECORD directly after my remarks this Edwin Arthur Maloney Sikes May Sadowski Woodrum, Va. afternoon on H. R. 1698 a letter sent to Hall, _ Manasco SimpEon, Dl. Merritt Satterfield Mr. O'Brien, president of the Chicago Leonard W. Mansfield, Tex. Simpson, Pa. Miller, Mo. Slaughter Halleck Martin, Iowa Smith, Ohio Board of Trade, by Grover B.· Hill, of Hancock Martin, Ma.ss. Smith, Va. So the conference report on the bill . the Department of Agriculture. Hare Mason Smith, W. Va. H. R. 1780 was agreed to. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Harness, Ind. Merrow Smith, Wis. Harris, Ark. Michener . Snyder The · Clerk announced the following objection to the request of the gentleman Hart Miller, Conn. Sparkman pairs: from New York [Mr. CELLER]? Hartley Miller, Nebr. Spence Mr. MUler of Missouri for, with Mr. Eber- There was no objection. Hays Miller, Pa. Springer Hebert Mills Stanley harter against. · Mr. GRANT of Alabama. Mr. Speak­ Heidinger Monkiewicz Starnes, Ala. Mr. Ploeser for, with Mr. McGranery against. er, I ask unanimous consent to extend my Hendricks Monroney Steagall General pairs: own remarks in the RECORD and to in­ Herter Morrison, La. Stearns, N. H. clude a statement by the Secretary of Hill Mott stefan Mr. Woodrum of Virginia with Mr. Reece Hinshaw Mruk Stevenson of Teml.essee. Agriculture. · Hobbs Mundt. Stockman The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Hoeven Murdock Sullivan Mr.. Keogh with Mr. Treadway. Hoffman Murphy Sumner, DI. Mr. Slaughter with Mr. Calvin D. Johnson. ·objection to the request of the gentleman Holmes, Mass. Murray, Wis. Sumners, Tex. Mr. Gavagan wi~h Mr. Ea~on : from Alabama [Mr. GRANT]?· Holmes, Wash. Newsome Sundstrom · Mr. Dingell with Mr. Plumley: There was no objection. ~ope Norman Taber Mr ~ Pfeifer with' Mr. Rowe. Mr. HOEVEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask. Jeffrey Norrell · Talle Mr. Weaver with -Mr. Guyer. Jenkins O'Brien, Dl. · Thomas, N.J .. ·Mr. Cullen with Mr. Elston of Ohio. unanimous cons(mt to extend my own Jennings O'Brien, Mich. Thomas, Tex. . remarks in the RECORD and t'o include a Jensen O'Brien, N.Y. Thomason Mr. Jarman with -Mrs. Smith of Maine. Johnson, O'Connor Tibbott Mr. Merritt with Mr. Allen of' Illinois. letter from W. H. Badeaux, secretary of Anton J. O'Leary Towe Mr. May with Mr. Brown of Ohio. the Iowa Retail Lumbermen's Associa- Johnson, Ind. Pace Troutman Mr. Byrne with Mr. Chenoweth. tion. .. _ , .. . Johnson, Patton VanZandt Mr. Cochran with Mr. :aowell. . 'J;he SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there J. Leroy Peterson, Fla. Vinson, Ga. Mr. Cannon of Florida with Mr. Elmer. . Johnson, Philoin Vorys, Ohio Mr. O'Tooie with ·Mr. Hess.' ·· objection to the request of the gentleman Luther A. Phillips Vursell from iowa [Mr. HoEvEN]? Johnson, Ward Poage Wadsworth Mr. Patman with Mr. Taylor. Jones Poulson Walter Mr. Buckley ·with Mr. Weichel of Ohio. ·There was no objection. Jonltman Powers Ward Mr. Lewis of Colorado '?lith Mt. LeCompte. (Mr. CURLEY asked and was given per­ Judd Pracht Wasielewski Mr. Harris of Virg~nia with Mr. Culkin. mission to extend hjs o.wn remarks in tJ:le Kean Price West Mr. Beckworth with Mr. H. Carl Andersen. RECORDJ , . Kearney Priest Wheat Mr. May with Mr. O'Hara.' Keefe · Rabaut Whitten Mr. HOFFMAN ~ . Mr. Speaker, I ask Kefauver Ramey Whittington Mr. O'Neal with Mr. Winter. Kennedy .Ramspeck Wickersham unanimous consent to extend my own Kerr Randolph Wigglesworth The result of the vote was announced remarks in the RECORD and include a Kilburn Reed, Ill. Willey · as above recorded. newspaper article. Kllday Reed, N.Y. Wilson Kinzer Rees, Kans. Winstead A motion to reconsider was laid on the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Kleberg Richards Wolcott table. objection to the request of the gentle­ Knutson Rivers Wolfenden, Pa. EXTENSION OF REMARKS man from Michigan [Mr. HoFFMAN]? Kunkel Rizley Wolverton, N.J. There was no objection. LaFollette Robertson Woodruff, Mich. Mr. MYERS. Mr. Speaker. I ask Lambertson Robinson, Utah Wright NAVY DEPARTMENT APPROPRIATION Landis Robsion, Ky. Zimmerman unanimous consent to extend my own re­ Lane Rockwell marks in the REcORD and. to include an BILL-1943 Lanham Rodgers, Pa. article by Ralph W. Page which appeared Mr. SHEPPARD submitted the follow­ NAY8-46 in the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin of ing conference report and statement on Allen, La. Hoch Marcantonio Wednesday, March 17, 1943. the bill (H. R. 2068) making additional Boren Hull Myers The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Bradley, Pa. Jackson Norton appropriations for the Navy Department Brooks Johnson, O'Konski objection to the request of the gentle­ and the naval service for the fiscal year Burchill, N.Y. Lyndon B. Outland man from Pennsylvania [Mr. MYERS]? ending June 30, 1943, and for other pur­ Burdick Johnson, Okla. Pittenger There was no objection. Capozzoli Kelley Rankin poses: Celler King Russell Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ CONFERENCE REPORT Coflee Kirwan Sauthoff imous consent to extend.my own remarks The committee of conference on the dis­ Courtney Lemke S:::anlon in the RECORD and to include_a statemen,t Creal Lesinski Somers, N.Y. agreeing votes of the two Houses on the crosser Lynch Tarver on China made by the majority leader, amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. D'Alesandro McMurray Vincent, Ky. Mr. JoHN W. McCoRMACK. · 2068) making additional appropriations for Fitzpatrick Madden Weiss The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there the Navy Department and the naval service Folger Magnuson worley for the· ~seal year ending June 30, 1943, and Heffernan Mahon objection to the request of the gentleman from New York [Mr. BLOOM]? for other purposes, having met, after full and NOT VOTING-91 There was no objection. free conference, have agreed to recommend Allen, Ill. Culkin Fogarty and do recommend to their respective Houses Andersen, Cullen Ford Mr. SHERIDAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask as follows: H. Carl Davis Furlong unanimous consent to extend my own re­ That the Senate recede from its amendment Anderson, Call!. Dawson Gallagher marks in the RECORD and to include a numbered 2. Baldwin, Md. Delaney Gavagan That the House recede from its 'disagree­ Barrett Dingell • Gibson letter from Lt. Thomas B. Spencer, of the Bates, Mass. Domengeaux Gordon United States Army. ment to the amendments of the Senate num• Beckworth Durham Green The SPEAKER pro tempore. _ Is there bered 3 and 6; and agree to the same. · Brown, Ohio Eaton. Guyer Amendment numbered 4: That the House Buckley Eberharter Harless, Ariz. objection to the request of the gentleman recede from its disagreement to the amend· Burgin Elmer Harris, Va. from Pennsylvania [Mr. SHERIDAN]? ment of the Senate numbered 4, and agree to Hess. Byrne Elston, Ohio There was no objection. the same with an amendment, as follows: In cannon, Fla. Engel • Holifield Chenoweth Fay Horan Mr. BARRY. Mr. Speaker, I ask lieu of the sum proposed insert "$750,000,000"; cochran Feighan Howell unanimous consent to extend my own re- and the Senate agree to the sa~e, 2442 C_QJ-{GR.ESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 24

Amendment numbered 7: That the House . DIS~EEMENTS PUBSUANT TO CLAUSE 2, RULE XX The SPEAl{ER pro tempore, The recede from its disagreement to the amend:. Amendment No. 1, relating to the detail of Clerk will report the first amendment-in ment of the Senate numbered 7, and agree·to Navy Department employees for service with disagreement. the same with an amendment, as follows: In congressional committees. The Clerk read as follows: lieu of the matter inserted by sald amend­ Amendment No. 5, relating to the appoiiit­ ment, insert the following: ",toward contract me.nt of enlisted men of the Navy, Naval Re­ Senate ·amendment No. 1: On page 2, line authorization heretofore granted, to remain serve, and Marine Corps to the Naval Academy. 13, after "$6,723,117" strike out the remain­ available until expended, and this appropria­ der of line 13 and all down to and including tion shall be available for expenses incurred HARRY R. SHEPPARD, line 22. prior to July 1, 1943, pursuant .to the contract· ALBERT THOMAS, authorization contained in this Act in conse­ JOHN M. COFFEE, Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. Speaker, I move quence of Public Law 1, approved February JAMIE L. WHITTEN, to recede and concur in the Senate 19, 1943"; and the Senate agree to the same. J .. W. DITTER, amendment with an amendment. Amendment numbered 8: That the House CHARLES A. PLUMLEY, NoBLE J. JoHNSON, The Clerk read as follows: recede from its disagreement to the amend­ Mr. SHEPPARD moves to recede and concur ment of the Senate numbered 8, and agree to Managers on the part of the House. the same with an amendment, as follows: Re­ in the Senate amendment with an amend­ store the matter stricken out by said amend- Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. Speaker, I ask ment as follows: Restore the matter stricken ment amended to read as follows: · · out by said amendment, amended to read as unanimous consent for the immediate follows: ..CONSTRUCTION OF FLOATING DRYDOCKS, NAVY consideration of the conference report ": Provided, That, except as hereinafter "The Secretary of the Navy is authorized to on the bill H. R. 2068, and I also ask provided, no appropriation for the Navy De­ enter into contracts in the amount of not to unanimous consent that the statement partment or naval service available during exceed $210,000,000 for the construction of of the managers on the part of the the fiscal year 1943 (except funds transferred mobile floating drydocks and collateral fa­ House may be read in lieu of the full or made available to other executive agen­ ctlitles and incidental work, and such other report. cies for use for naval purposes) shall be used objects, as authorized by the Act approved after March 31, 1943, for the employment o! February 19, 1943 (Public Law 1) ." The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there persons for the performance of service in And the Senate agree to the same. objection to the request of the gentle­ other than the Navy Department oi: else­ The committee of conference report in dis- man from California [Mr. SHEPPARD]? where than under the ..L'iavy Department, ex­ agreement amendments numbered 1 and 5. There was no objection. cept ( 1) employees who had been employed. HARRY R. SHEPPARD, (The Clerk read the statement of the by · and performing service under the Navy ALBERT THOMAS, managers on the part of the House.) Department for 3 months or more im­ JoHN M. CoFFEE, Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. Speaker, this mediately prior to their detail for service JAMIE L. WHITTEN, confer.:mce report represents a unani­ elsewhere and (2) employees now or here-· J. W. DITTER, after detailed and assigned pursuant to the· CHARLES A. PLUMLEY, mous agreement on the part of Mem­ lawful authority of the Secretary of the Navy, NoBLE J. JoHNsoN, . bers on both sides of the aisle in our to any committee of the Congress operating. Managers on the part of the House. conference wfth the Senate. under resolution duly authorizing such as­ CARL HAYDEN, Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 minutes to the signment and the allocation for that pur­ MILLARD E. TYDINGS, gentleman from Pennsylvania , £Mr. pose of funds now available therefor or. ap:­ propr.iated hereunder, is hereby autqorized.". JoHN H. OvERToN, DITTER]. GERALD P. NYE. :1\!r. DITTER. Mr. Speaker, it is not The motion was agreed to. Manage1·s on the part of the Senate. . . my pm:pose to detain the House at this The SPEAKER pro tempore. The STATEMENT time unduly, but I do feel I should make Clerk will report the next amendment in The managers on the part of the House at a passing reference to one amendment disagreement. the conference on the disagreeing votes. of that has been agreed to by the con­ The Clerk read as follows: the two Houses on the amendments of the ferees. Senate Amendment No. 5: On page 4, line Senate to the bill (H. R. 2068) making addi­ Approximately 10 years ago the op­ 21 after "$494,968,000" inser.t, ": Provided, tional· appropriations for the Navy Depart­ portunity was afforded certain men in That so much of the Naval Appropriation Act, ment and the naval service for the fiscal year the enlisted force of the Navy to qualify 194S (Public Law 411, 77th Cong.), under the ending June 30, 1943, and for other purposes, as appointees to the United States Naval heading 'Pay, subsistence, and transportation submit the following statement in explana­ Academy. Among other requirements of naval personnel' as reads 'Provided further, tion of the effect of the action agreed upon that we set up at that time was the re­ That no part of this appropriation ~hall be and recommended in the accompanying con­ available for the pay of any midshipman ap­ quirement that a man of the e~listed ference report as to each of such amendments, pointed from enlisted ~en of the Navy who namely: force in order to qualify had to serve 9 has not served aboard a vessel of the Navy in Amendment No. 2: Strikes out the proposal months aboard a commissioned vessel. full commission or performed equivalent serv­ of the Senate to eliminate the existing $5,000 I believe the condition that was tied in ice with fleet aircraft for at least 9 months limitation upon new employments at pay at that time was a wise one. I believe prior to admission to the Naval Academy'. is rates in excess of $5,000 per annum unless there are men in the enlisted force who amended to read as follows: Provided further, apeciflcally authorized by law. . are there by reason of their love of the That during the present emergency qualifl.ed Amendment No.3: Appropriates $48,000,000 enlisted men of the Navy, Naval Reserve, and for the Naval Reserve, as proposed by the sea. Marine Corps may be appointed to the Naval Senate, instead of $40;800,000, as proposed by The change that has been made by the Academy after such periods and under such the House. conferees removes the limitation of sea conditions of service as may be prescribed by Amendment No. 4: Appropriates $750,000',- service and makes it possible for a man the Secretary of the Navy." 000 ·for "Maintenance, Bureau of Ships," in­ to become a candidate for appointment stead of $737,230,464, as proposed by the from the enlisted force without having Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. Speaker, I move House, and $765,000,000, as proposed by th.e served at sea. I want to express my own to -recede and concur in the Senate Senate. disapproval of the raising of the limita­ amendment with an amendment. Amendment No. 6: Places a limitation of The Clerk read as follows: •5,000 upon expenditures for renting passen­ tion that has heretofore been established. ger-carrying automobiles outside continental I want to take the opportunity of em­ Mr. SHEPPARD moves to recede and con­ United States, as proposed by the Senate. phasizing what I believe was a wise cur in the Senate amendment with an amend­ Amendment No. 7: Makes the appropria­ course in that which has been advocated ment, as follows: In lieu of the matter in­ tion "Repair facilities, Navy," available until in the past, and to express my regret that serted by said amendment, insert the follow­ J'uly 1, 1943, for expenses incurred in ca.·rying ing: out the provisions of Publlc Law 1, approved the conferees have seen fit to enable an ": Provided, That so much. of the Naval February 19, 1943, in lieu of the proposal or office boy, not a seafaring man, neces­ Appropriation Act, 1943 (Public Law 411, 77th the Senate to permit contractual authority sarily, to become a candidate for ap­ Cong.), under the heading 'Pay, subsistence, under such appropriation for carrying out pointment to the Naval Academy from and transportation of naval personnel' as completely the objects of such law. the enlisted force. · reads 'Provided further, That no part of this Amendment No. 8: Restores the proVision Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. Speaker, I move appropriation shall be available for the pay proposed by the .House granting contractual the previous question on the conference of any midshipman appointed from enlisted authority to effectuate the provisions of Puo- report. · · men o! the Navy who has not served aboard 11c Law 1, approved February 19, 1943, broad­ a vessel of the Navy. in full commission or ened to make certain that the authorization The previous question was ordered. performed equivalent service with fieet air­ 1s all inclusive. The conference report was agr~ed to. craft for at least 9 months prior to admission 1943 CONGRESSIONAL _RECORD-HOUSE 2443' to the Naval Academy', is amended to read temporarily regulate the defeated Axis, annex some territory we should fight as follows: Provided further, That during the to temporarily reconstruct Axis-occu­ Russia and say "No"? . present emergency qualified enlisted men of pied territory. Power to regulate inter­ Mr. GALE. I am advocating a police the Navy, Naval Reserve, ~nd Marine Corps may be appointed to the Naval Academy after national sea routes and international air force to maintain peace. . 9 months of service." bases. Mr. HOFFMAN. I have asked the gen­ A United Nations police force to tleman a question. The motion was agreed to. quickly and boldly knock down the ears Mr. GALE. And I am attempting to A motion to reconsider the votes by of any future Hitler, before and not after answer it. which the several motions were agreed these Hitlers are ready to march. Mr. HOFFMAN. I did not think the to was laid on the table. Not an alliance which works only in gentleman was. I thought the gentle­ A UNITED NATIONS COUNCIL AND POLICE fair weather, but something stronger-a man started of! on something else. FORCE · governmental structure larger than the Mr. GALE . . I am advocating a general The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under United States. A code or constitution­ police force, having the strength of the special order heretofore made, the Chair a council, a congress, a court, a police powers of the governments concerned recognizes the gentleman irom Minne­ force. Bluntly, this means yielding sov­ which will be able to crack down on any sota [Mr. GALE] for 10 minutes. ereignty by all the sovereign members, country threatening the general peace of Mr. GALE. Mr. Speaker, it has often yielding a little of our American sov­ the world. been said, and to the point of becoming ereignty-not much but some. Mr. HOFFMAN. Then, in other words, a platitude, that we must win the war The world is too small and the danger if Russia should want some territory is fizst and then talk about the peace. of another war is too great, to bull it it the gentleman's idea that we sho~ld True, we must win the' war, and win alone, to play the old game of empire aid Great Britain or whatever other na­ it we will. But it will not last forever; and balance of power. The world is too tions might join with her and tell Russia some time, some day, this war will be small and the danger of another war is she cannot have that territory and go to over and there will be a peace treaty. too great to go back to a system which war with them to keep them from get­ · If it is not a good peace, if it is not has failed and failed again-to go back to ting it? an intelligent peace, it is a near­ a ·world system which has delivered two Mr. GALE. Yes; if Russia enters into ·u catastrophes in one generation. A third this thing, we have got to do that. · sighted pe~ce through dark glasses, it will not be a :Peace at all-just a truce, war in 20 years or 30 years ..or 40. years Mr. HOFFMAN. And if Britain wants another interlude between slaughter, an­ will not be a catastrophe or a calamity or to keep India, and if India wants to be other armistice like the one which a sorrow, but lights out for what we con­ independent, we would help India in started in November 1918 and ended in sider civilization, i. e., everything we like keeping Britain out? September 1939. to live by. Mr. GALE. Oh, tnat is a matter of So, gentlemen, let us give thought now So, gentlemen, I most humbly bring to internal affairs. If England wants to before it is too late. Time is not on mind our solemn duty to consider the handle the India question in her own our side. Let us think just a little about peace which is bound to come. And in way, that is something for her, but if the post-war world. Let us try with all considering the peace in the midst of she threatens the· peace of the world in sincerity and realism to build, not a war, let us not forget the resolution re­ so doing, that is something else. dream world, not a finished plan ready cently introduced in the Senate by Sena-. Mr. HOFFMAN. But suppose Britain for delivery-we cannot do that-but a tor BALL. True, we in the House may not intends to keep that part of North Africa policy, what we would like to do and be called upon to consider this measure, which rests in the hands· of the Allies, what we can reasonably expect" to do. but it is well to think about it. It is well after the war is over, does the gentleman A rough draft of the picture with colors to cast a careful glance at this shadow of think that we should go to war with to go in later. events t'J come. It is well for the Nation Britain, as against FFance,. it: she owns. To come sudden!} upo:..1 the peace to do this. It is well for our allies and territory th~re, an.d that after this "'ar without a plan, without a purpose, will our enemies, too. It is well for us who we shpuld give that territory to Britain? be to wallow in a sea of indecision· and are Members of the Congress to also take Mr. G_ALE. I am advocating a United doubt. Armed with nothing but oppor­ good note of this shadow in order that Nations council to decide issues of that tune expediency, what chance have we we may prepare for events to come. sort. · · of facing a bitter, sorry, disillusioned Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. Mr. BARRY. Mr. Speaker, will the world? What hope for us but to take Speaker, will the gentleman yield? gentleman yield? another trimming from those who come Mr. GALE. Yes. Mr. . GALE. Yes. prepared, from those who have a plan? Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I know Mr.·BARRY. And assuming. that after Some day the war ~,ill be over. Some that the gentleman agrees with me that the war is over Russia decides to annex day there will be a peace treaty and so.me our first job is to win this war. Bessarabia or Poland, does the gentle~ day the United States will have a chance Mr. GALE. That is correct. man think we should have a police force to either make or break not only our Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Does that would stop that? own destiny but world destiny. the gentleman think that for the future, Mr. GALE. I do not believe-- We ·cannot draw back into our shell. after the war is won, our cotmtry should Mr. BARRY. Does the gentleman be­ The world will be too small for that. pursue a policy where some of our lead­ lieve we should join an international po­ A world made small, made accessible, a ing men who are in control of our war lice force to preserve that situation and world of neighbors, a world made very, · materials should sell these raw materials throw the four points of the Atlantic very neat by the four-motored trans­ to our potential enemies, so that they Charter into the ashcan? Does the gen­ port. could rearm themselves? tleman believe that? Would tb,e gentle­ America will step out into this new Mr. GALE. I have advocated a United man be in favor of that police force to era. Will be a dominant factor in this Nations police force to very definitely maintain that picture? · untried world, either on the old empire crack down on anybody building up Mr. GALE. If it were a decision of the basis or on an intelligent, cooperative against the common peace. United Nations council, yes. basis. Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Does Mr. BARRY. But would that not be As of today, it is impossible to dot the the gentleman think that we should fur­ casting the "four freedoms" of the At~ "i" and cross the "t" but it is not impos­ nish our potential enemies with these lantic Charter into the ashcan? "sible to have a policy, an attitude, a pur­ natural resources so that they can rearm Mr. GALE. I would not want to go pose, a will, and it is not impossible for themselves in order to provoke war after into that. the United States to accept the responsi­ peace again? Mr. BARRY. But the gentleman bility of leadership. Leadership in hon­ Mr. GALE. No. . thinks the war started with Hitler an­ estly trying to see the world game played Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, will the nexing Poland, does he not? Did not •, according to our rules, fair play, and a gentleman yield? · Britain and France declare war on Ger­ break for the underdog. No kidney Mr. GALE. Yes. many ·· when Hitler tried to annex punches-no hitting in the clinches. Mr. HOFFMAN. Does the gentleman Poland? A United Nations Council, not to sug­ advocate that we maintain a police force Mr. GALE. Yes. It is purely an aca­ gest, but with real power to act, power to so that if, for example, Russia w~nts to demic question. 2444' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 24 The SPEAKER pro -tempore. The Coar ranks first. We speak of .steel and spite of the fact that mill or factory could time of the gentleman from 'Minnesota coppe!l.· and aluminum, and so forth, as not run, if he did not dig coal. has expired. ranking high in this war or in priorities. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The ENSIGN CLEM C. WILLIAMS, JR. Mr. Speaker, there would be no steel time of the gentleman from Pennsyl­ if we could not get the coal to the mills. vania has expired. Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Speak­ There would be no steel if we did not Under previo~s order of the House, the er, I ask unanimous consent to proceed have the coke. Half of all the bee-hive gentleman from Michigan {Mr. WooD­ for 5 minutes. oven coke made in the United States is RUFF] is recognized for 1~ minutes. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there made in my district. They rush this WE MUST KEEP OUR EYE ON THE BALL objection? coke to Pittsburgh, Y 9ungstown, and .so There was no objection. forth, and other steel factories. These Mi·. WOODRUFF of Michigan, .Mr. Mr. C~NNON of Missouri. Mr. Speak­ 30,000 miners in my district are fine, pa­ Speaker, I have been very much inter:.· er,. the heroic efficiency of the young triotic American dtizens. Thousands of ested in the remarks of the gentleman manhood .of the Nation recently drawn them are of Polish and Slavish and Ital­ from Minnesota [Mr. G ALE]. from civil life to man the rapidly ex­ ian descent, of the second, third, and Mr. Speaker, thousands, yes, hundreds panding United States Navy is writing fourth generati-on in this country. I of thousands of Americans undoubtedly an epic chapter in American history. have hundreds of Slavish and :..~olish and are pondering seriously the words spok-en A notable instance is the cool-thinking Italian fathers and mothers in my dis­ by the British Prime Minister, Winston and prompt and effective .action of En­ tt·ict that have two sons in the armed Churchill, in his world-wide broadcast of. sign Clem C. Williams, Jr., in saving the f-orces. I have scores of these people that Sunday, March 21. It was a powerful lives of the remaining members of the have three sons and one family I know speech and its foree must have been felt crew of the DeHaven, which went down personally that have nine children :ln the by every American listener, because it in action in the recent battle of the service--seven sons and two daughters­ was so simple.and direct. Mr. ChurehiU Solomons, as reported in the Washing­ and the father W()rks ili the mines. made it very plain that· the Brttish peo­ ton Star, carrying an Associated Press Yes, Mr. Speaker, coal is absolutely the ple do not intend to permit cradle'-to­ account of the incident as foll.ows: first essential in this war-production grave plans, Atlantic Charters~ or any program. I have seen these thousands other considerations· to dive1·t them from DISTRICT O.F COLUMBIA OFFICER CREDITED WITH thei.r paramount purpose to win the war SAVING MOST OF DESTROYER CREW-ENSIGN of fine sturdy American miners going to WILLIAMS PRAISED FOR QUICK THINKING AS "DE their work at 2, 3, and 4 o'clock every by stamping the Axis criminals and their HAVEN" WENT DOWN morning. Down the shaft they go. hQrdes of armed fighting men· "into Quick thinking of Ensign Clem C. Williams, hundreds of feet under the surface. or in death, dust, and ashes." There was a Jr., of washington, was credited by a naval the slope and they dig and toil to get deep significanee in the British Prime officer y~terday with saving the lives n tbe destroyer De Haven, lost fort. Did you ever see thousands of to •'keep our eye on the ball," while dis­ In the Pacific. coke ovens burning? A beautiful sight cussing post-war plans· and ~radle-to­ The Associated Press quoted Lt. John J. on a dark night-but it takes toil and grave social theories. The British Prime Rowan as saying in an interview at San Diego, labor and sweat by these coal miners to Minister admonished his own people that Calif .• that Ensign Williams "set .an of the Britain must not permit any of these depth charges .on safety before he lett the -g.et this coke burning, and then get it to ship,'' and credited this quick thinking to the mills. Yes, my friends, it takes the considerations, ev-en while they are being saving lives of most of the crew. very life blood out of men to do this consideredJ to interfere with the suprem-e Ensign Williams, son -of Dr. an-d Mrs. Clem strenuous work in the mines .and about necessity of Britain to win the war in C. Willlams, 3922 Ingomar Street NW., was a the mines. such a totai fashion as to· prevent any gr.aduate of Woodrow Wilson High Schrder of the House, war effort these boys would go to the think about it. the gentleman from Pennsylvania :[Mr. eoal mines, but they mak~ more money Mr. Churchill did not hesitate to speak SNYDnJ is recognized for 10 minutes. going to the steel factories or other war of a ••council of ~uropen although he COMPENSATION .OF COAL MINERS factories. Coal mine1·s are becoming did include the United States in that scarce bec~use the sons are not following plan. No American could misunder­ Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, I live in in the footsteps of their father.sJ A son stand or misinterpret what Mr. Churchill what is known by coal men as the hub 18 years of age will come home from the meant when he said that Britain for the o} the bituminous coal field of the United factory with a $200 or ,$2~ eheck for the .second time had saved civilization. That States-the Pittsburgh seam-8 to H> to month, and his da.d who has been work­ .should tell everY' American how our ef­ 12 feet in thidmess of the world's best ing for 30 or 4() year.s in the mines, will fort and our contribution of men, money., coal. The best coke is made from this rome home with a check far $150 or and materials are regarded by our allies. coal. Coke was discovered, or first man­ $160. It is clear that we .are not expected -to ufactured, within 10 miles .of my home at Mr. Speaker, this is not the right 'kind take any credit, or expect much con­ Perryopolis, Fayette County, Pa., some of wage scale. I think that the bitumi­ sideration for our contributions of men. '80 years ago. More tons of .coal are nous coal miners should have an in- 1 money, and .materials, and that we are mined on the banks Qf the Monongahela crease in their wages. I do n.ot know to be grateful to those who have saved River than any .other river in th"€ United whether it should be $1, or $2, or $3 a us from a dreadful fate of being subju­ • States. This river passes through my day. As I said previously, I don't know . gated by .some enemy from across the district. More than 30.000 men and boys the technique of these wage levels, but .seas. from my district w.ork in or about the we can readily see that in comparing There are many Americans who will coal mines. these wages, the average eoal miner gets not agree with Mr. Churchill's views. As we know, coal is the first essential much less than his .sOn or his neighbor There are many Americans who believe product in this all-out World War effort. that work.s in the mill or the factory, in that we were the ones who .saved dvili- l943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 24:15 zation in the First World War, and that ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-SECOND iterranean Sea, the Indian Ocean. and America will have contributed the bal­ ANNIVERSARY OF GREEK INDEPEND­ the North Sea. ance of power to save civilization this ENCE DAY The evzones, as the picturesque Greek time. Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. Speaker- skirted mountain warriors are called, No one can blame Mr. Churchill or the The name of Greece fills the mind and know no surrender. They will not cease British people for looking out for them­ heart with the highest and noblest senti­ fighting until they liberate their coun­ selves-which unquestionably they mean ments. Superior· skill and refinements in try; until they make it unquestionably . to do. There was not a single note in arts, heroic gallantry in action, disinterested safe from the barbaric aggressors who the Churchill speech to indicate that patriotism, enthusiastic zeal and devotion to hold it today. Those of you who may not they intend to adhere in spirit and in liberty are connected with our memories of have traveled to Greece have undoubt­ old Greece. The disappearance of this coun­ letter to the provisions of the Atlantic try for a lOiig time under an aggressive dark edly seen, over and over, pictures of these Charter after the war is ended. yoke has profoundly grieved the generous fierce soldiers whose stiff full skirts; to­ Mr. Churchill has rendered a service spirits of the past; it was therefore natural day covered by olive-drab tunics, are to the world in thus bluntly stating the for the reappearance of this people in its belied by their hawklike faces and crisp, intentions of his government in the post­ original character, fighting for its. liberty, to clipped beards. In times of peace the war world as well as in the war struggle. arouse the enthusiasm and sympathy every­ warriors of Greece have been from im­ There is no question but that our Amer­ where in the United States. memorial ages shepherds in the steep ican officials will have to adopt the same These simple and solemn words hills of the interior. It seems appropri­ attitude of mind concerning America might have been spcken this very day. ate to give you a poem written recently . or else we will come out of this war as They are the words of President James by His Hellenic Majesty's consul general we did the last one-without a friend, Monroe, in an address to the Congress of New York, the Honorable Nicholas G. resented, hated, and ignored. of the United States on December 4, Lely. The author has entitled it "To There is no question but that Amer­ 1822. Tomorrow is March 25, the· the Evzone: Famous Greek Shepherd­ ica's economic strength will be a factor one hundred and twenty-second anni- . Warrior":· in world affairs which Britain and all versary of Greek Independence Day, and As the horses men ride the other nations will have to consider. Greece is again under a yoke as dark and Sense the master astride them, There is no question but that we will aggressive as ever was imposed by the Prancing with pride Turks for almost 400 years. To prove princes ride them: have to do our share in reestablishing a So the summits you leap war-wrecked world on a new foundation Greek Independence Day marks the Sense you, hero of story, of peace and progress. Ther~ is no anniversary of the hoisting of the blue Deathless herder of sheep, question but that we will have to help and white flag of independence at the Gallant captain of glory. other people-those who will help them­ Monastery of Aghia Lavra, in Greece, on I have mentioned something of the selves-back to sanity and peaceful civil­ March 25, 1821, when the Greek Nation, sabotage and interference carried on by ized pursuits; but there is also no ques­ although almost entirely unarmed,.. the Greek people against the invaders. tion about the fact that if we are as started the 7 years' war of liberation for It scarcely seems necessary to enumerate sensible as we ought to be, we will keep all their people from the Turkish rule. instances, but I cannot refrain from our eye on the ball, just as Mr. Church­ The Turks had been in control of Greece mentioning one or two minor instances ill advised the British to do. ·We must since the fall of Constantinople and the disintegration of the Greek Byzantine which show the temper of the people. not permit cradle-to-grave plans to be On this anniversary, last year, every used as red herrings across the trail of Empire in 1453. Greek household openly displayed pho­ bureaucratic bungling, arrogance, ·and The celebration pf the one hundred tographs of the late Premier Metaxas, scheming; nor must we permit such plans and twenty-second anniversary of Greek decorated with ribbons and flowers. and discussions to obscure inefficiency Independence Day finds the Greek peo­ ·This .was at the peril o,f · having _food from the sight of the people in the prose­ ple again fighting for their liberty­ supplies cut off, not from individual fam­ cution of the war. Unless we win this and fighting, too, for the libuty of the ilies, but from entire villages. Not long war, as Churchill means to win it, there world-side by side with the great Amer­ ago the German invaders wanted a news will be no use discussing cradle-to-grave ican people and all the United Nations. photograph of a German officer offering plans in America. We will find our­ We know that, in spite of deprivations candy to a starving Greek child.' . A selves enslaved from the cradle to the of food which have resulted in country­ small boy was selected, and posed reluc- · grave. wide starvation; in spite of the wanton tantly for the picture, immediately Of course, no such thing is going to execution at will of great numbers of in­ afterward throwing the piece of candy in happen. We simply have got to win this nocent hostages, including women and the dust and stamping on it. We are war. Having won it, we have got to be children; and in spite of the incarcera­ told that it takes more than 80,000 picked careful that we are not euchered out of tion of more than 20,000 men, women, German fighting men to "keep Greece the peace, because we are not keeping and children in prisons and concentra­ in order." our eye on the ball. tion camps, the Greek people are fear­ Let me tell one more story of Greek There are "four freedoms" which the lessly waging large-scale guerrilla war- courage and the Greek spirit. I believe rest of the world will freely accord the . fare and a1:e constantly, at the peril of it has not been circulated widely in this people of the United States if we will their lives, manifesting their stubborn country, but every Greek kncws it by practice them, and those four freedoms resistance by open scorn of the invaders, heart. When, at the very beginning of are freedom to lend, freedom to give, by sabotage, and by interference with the Italian aggression in Greece, the Am­ freedom to forgive, and freedom to the destructive plans of the enemy. bassador from Italy called on Premier forget. We know, too, that after the Battle of Metaxas at 4 in the morning, and ordered Let us, while considering post-war Crete brave King George II of the Hel­ him, at pistol's point, to surrender his plans, keep uppermost in mind the su­ lenes, assisted by his able Prime Minister, country or die on the spot, the Premier preme task of winning this war, and of Tsouderos, created a new army of 2 declared- protecting the interests of the United brigades, numbering more than 17,000 ! will not give up the Greek Nation for the States of America after the war has men, in Palestine. These are all soldiers sake of one man's life. ended. who escaped from Greece. Since last While the Greeks were fighting for Let us Americans keep our eyes on the September a large part of this army and their lives in their homeland, and while ball, too. several Greek air squadrons have been they fight now in Tunisia, they sing The SPEAKER pro tempore. The fighting side by side with the British ·constantly. They sing the old songs of time of the gentleman from Michigan Army in Libya, and now with the United Greece, stirring patriotic airs and plain­ has expired. Forces in Tunisia. The Greek Navy of tive sentimental melodies, but they aiso Under previous order of the House, the more than 30 warships, including sub­ sing certain new songs· which h ave gentleman from New York [Mr. KEN­ marines, is operating, together with the proved particularly irritating to the· N EDY] is recognized for ~5 minutes. American and British Fleets, in the Med- morale of the enemy. Early in the war 2446 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 24 they fitted insulting words to extremely is clean again. But, as Thomas- Mann sider charges of waste of space in ships familiar Italian and German tunes, and so aptly puts it: going to North Africa and delays in ship the hills and desert still echo to amusing All other battles have a specialized inter­ sailings have been postponed indefinit~ly. and often ribald epithets chanted about· est; the deathless glory of the Greeks rests The Committee on the Merchant Ma­ Mussolini, Ciano, Goering, Goebbels, and upon the great cause that was saved. rine and Fisheries will hold a public Hitler. These taunts, carried on the Five centuries before the birth of hearing on Thursday, April 1, 1943, at tunes of the enemy, and reechoing from 10 a. m., on S. 163 Lake Erie shoreline in the United States. day, March 25, 1943, at 12 o'clock noon. the vicinity of Huron, Ohio; to the Commit­ The emancipation of the Greeks has tee on Rivers and Harbors. been, from the beginning of the on­ COMMITTEE HEARINGS slaughts upon them, a subject of . in­ REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC COMMITTEE ON THE MERCHANT MARINE AND creasing interest- to the democratic . BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS world. Other and greater battles-have FisHERIES been fought; other and greater battles The hearings scheduled for Monday, Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of ·wm continue to be fought until the world March 29, 1943, at 10 a. m., to con- committees were delivered to the Clerk 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE ·: · 2447 for printing and reference to the proper PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS . 345. Also, resolution of International As· calendar, as follows: sociation of Cleaning and Dye House Workers, Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public Local No. 7, relative to amending the Social Mr. SPARKMAN: Committee on Military bills and resolutions were introduced and Security Act so as to include all cemetery Affairs. H. R. 1857. A b111 to provide for the severally referred as follows: employees within the benefits and pro­ appointment of female physicians and sur­ By Mr. BARRY: visions of the act; to the Committee on Ways geons in the Medical Corps of the Army and and Means. Navy; with amendment (Rept. No. 295). Re­ H. R. 2291. A bill to amend further the ferred to the Committee of the Whole House Civil Service Retirement Act approved May on the state of the Union. 29, 1930, as amended; to the Committee on Mr. BLOOM: Committee on Foreign Af­ the Civil Service. fairs. House Joint Resolution 15. Joint res­ By Mr. BLOOM: SENATE olution authorizing the appropriation of such H. R. 2292. A bill to amend an act entitled sums as may be necessary to pay the propor­ "An act to provide for the use of the Ameri­ THURSDAY, l\'IARCH 25, 1943 tionate share of the United States in the an­ can National Red Cross in aid of the land and nual expenses of the Inter-American Finan­ naval forces in time of actual or threatened (Legislative day of Tuesday, March 23, cial and Economic Advisory Committee; with­ war"; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 1943) out amendment (Rept. No. 298). Referred By Mr. SASSCER: H. R. 2293. A bill to provide disability and to the Committee of the Whole House on the The Senate met at 12 o'clock noon, on state of the Union. death compensation or pension in the case of certain members of the Naval Enlisted the expiration of the recess. Mr. BLOOM: Committee on Foreign Af­ The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown fairs. House Joint Resolution 16. Joint res­ Reserve who received Civil Aeronautics Ad­ olution providing for participation by the ministration war training prior to December Harris, D. D., offered the following United States in the Emergency Advisory 15, 1942; to the Committee on ~val Affairs. prayer: By Mr. BATES of Kentucky: Committee for Political Defense, and author­ 0 God, Thy word is hidden in the very izing an appropriation therefor; without H. R. 2294. A bill to grant service pension amendment (Rept. No. 299). Referred to the to certain veterans and widows and children framework of the world; Thy image is Committee of the Whole House on the state of deceased veterans of the Spanish-Ameri­ stamped in the very core of our being; of _the Union. can War, Boxer Rebell1on, and Philippine In­ Tl:y voice soundeth in experiences which surrection, based upon service which termi­ sing, and sob, and sigh across life's nated honorably notwithstanding any prior changing scenes. Bowing in this hushed REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRIVATE or subsequent period of service which termi­ moment, we would discard every mask BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS nated other than honorably; to the Commit- tee (m Pensions. · and disguise of pretense which, ·alas, too · Under clause 2 of rule XIII, repor.ts of By Mr. DIMOND: often we wear before the face of man. committees were delivered to the Clerk H. J. Res. 105. Joint resolution to name the To give Thee back .the life .we owe is but for printing and reference to the proper Alaska highway; to the Committee on Roads. to exchange the shallow pools of our vain calendar, as follows: By Mr. GATHINGS: designs and desires for-the ocean depths Mr. PITTENGER: Committee on Claims. H. Res.184. Resolution providing for an of Thy eternal purpose in us and through S. 52. A n act for the rellef of Hazel M. Lewis; investigation of all loaning agencies of the us. . without amendment. (Rept. No. 285) . . Re­ United States under the jurisdiction· of the ­ May the fretful fears tnat film our ferred to the Committee of the Whole House. Department of Agriculture; to the Commit­ tee on Rules. sight be · cast out by a love that -takes . Mr. FERNANDEZ: Committee on Claims. the dimness of our souls. away. With 8. 404. An act for the relief of Richard new eyes may we see Thee as our Father, Barker; without amendment (Rept. No. 286). PETITIONS, ETC. our fellows as our neighbors, and our-· Referred to the Committee of the Whole Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions Hou~. . selves as our brothers' keepers. _In that Mr. MANASCO: Committee on Claims. and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk ·vision splEmd.id of- Divine Fatherhood H. R. 235. A bill for the relief of Forrest. W. · and re~erred as follow~: and of human brotherhood may we Dickey; with · amendment (Rept. ·No. 287). 338.' By Mr. ANDREWS: Resolutions adop_t­ dream our dreains, mold our lives, enact Referred to the Committee of the Whole ~d '!JY the Niagara County (N. _Y.) Pomona our.la;ws, btiild our Nation, and plan our House. . Grange, covering ce111ng prices on agricul.: world, 'until' this shadowed earth which Mr. PATrON: Committee on Claims. H. R. tural products; to the Committee on Agri-. is our home rolls out of the darkness into 292. A bill for the relief of Mrs . ..Lila A. culture. the light and it is· daybreak everywhere. Wemp; without amendment (Rept. No. 288). 339. By Mr .. BLAND: Petition ·of 559 em­ Amet:J,. - Referred to the Committee of the Whole ployees of the Newport News Shipbuilding & House. • Dry Dock Co., Newport News, Va., urging-sup.: THE JOURNAL Mr. ABERNETHY: Committee on Claims. port of a compulsory pay-as-we-earn income­ On request of Mr. BARKLEY, and by H. R. 1160. A bill for the relief of Alva Burton tax plan, and the making possible under the unanimous· consent, the reading of the Rickey; with amendment (Rept. No. 289). plan abatement of some part of 1942 taxes; to the Committee ori Ways and Means: · - Journal of the·· proceedings of the calen.;. Referred to the Committee of the ·Whole · dar day Tuesday, March 23; 1943, was House. . _ . _340. By Mr. ENGLEBRIGHT: Assembly • l Mr. ABERNETHY: Committee on Claims. ~qlnt Resolutio~ _No. 25 pf the Cali!orni!'o Leg~ . dispensed with, and - the. JoUrnal was H. R. 1557. A -b111 for tile ';relief of Rqbert H. tslature, Assembly _of California, concerning ~pproved. . · tecipro'cal' trad·e ·agreement; 'to the CoJnmlt­ Pulli.,m; with. amen_dm~n.:t (Rept_. No ..•.2QO)! ~SSA9~ 'FROM. ~E PRESIDENT-· tee on Interstate a~d Foreig~ .co~merce . . Referred to the Committee of the Whole ._ " .. · APP~OV-~ OF BILLS House. . . ! '· · 341. Also, · Senate ·Resolution No. 65 of the Mr. DiCKSTEIN: .- Conlm.i ttee oil Clatms. · Legislative Department ·of the· State Sehate· · · Messages in writing 'from. the President H. R. 1597. A b1ll tor· the relief of JOSeph of <:Jallfornia, relating to 'the growing ' of of the U'nited.States were communicated Spear; with amendment (Rept. No. 291): Re· guayule fa~ rubber . produttion; to the C9m· :to the s~riate ' ·by -Mf. MilleZ:, -· one· of his terred to the Committee of the Whole House. mittee on Ways an.d Means. . · : ·· t · :- h ' · 1· .- · ~' · t · Mr. PATrON:· Committee on ClaimS. H. R. 342. Also, ~S!lembly Jo,in~ Resolution No. SS seer~ aries, W 0 a SO an~ounce~ th~ th~ 1837. A bill for the relief o:f Manuel G. _Souza of _the CalJ!ornia Legislature,- ,Ass~mbly . of ~resid~nt had. approved and signed .t~e and Manuel Souza, Jr.; with amendment .C~lifornia, . membt:ializ~g qongres~ to· en~ follQwmg acts. · (Rept. -No. 292) ~ .Referred to the Commit~ee act legislation providing a Federal system _ On March 23, 1943: . . · _ v •• of the Whole House. of workmen's compensation ·{or civman de- S. 677. An act to amena the National Hous- _ Mr. ROWAN: Committee on Claims. H. R. .fense volunteers injured in course of duty; ing Act, as amended. 206'1. A bill conferring jurisdiction upon the to the Committee on Labor. . ~ On March 24, 1943: · United States District Court for the Middle 343. By Mr. ROLPH: Resolution of the S. 405.-An act for the relief of. Mrs. Ernes• District of Georgia to iiear, determine, and San Francisco-Oakland -Photo Engravers tine FUselier Sigler; - - render ·judgment upon the claim of H. M. Union No. 8, of San Francisco, relative to S. 517. An act for the relief of Vodie Jack- ·Reid & Co.; of Macon, Ga.; with amendment rationing program of the Oftlce of Price Ad~ son;. . . (Il~ept. No. 293). Referred to the Committee ministration; to the Committee on Banking . S. 518, An . act for the relief · o! &obert T. of the Whole House. and Currency. Groom, Daisy Groom, and, Margaret Groom Mr. DICKSTEIN: Committee on Claims. 344. Also, resolution of the United Garment Turpin; H. R. 2089. A bill for the relief of Jennie Workers' Local No. 131 of San Francisco, rela- - S. 171. An act for the relief of Arthur A. Walker; without amendment (Rept. No. 294) ·, t~ve to the rationing program of th~ Oftlce of Schipke; and · Referred to the Committee of the Whole Price Administration; to -the Committee on S. 786. An act to amend title I of · Publlc House. Banking and Currency, Law ;No.2, Seventy-third Congress, March 20,