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THE INFLUENCE of AL PANZERA UPON SPORTS PHOTOGRAPHY at DALLAS-FORT WORTH METROPOLITAN NEWSPAPERS THESIS Presented to the Graduat

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THE INFLUENCE of AL PANZERA UPON SPORTS PHOTOGRAPHY at DALLAS-FORT WORTH METROPOLITAN NEWSPAPERS THESIS Presented to the Graduat 3% -7 gos65 THE INFLUENCE OF AL PANZERA UPON SPORTS PHOTOGRAPHY AT DALLAS-FORT WORTH METROPOLITAN NEWSPAPERS THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF JOURNALISM By Ben W. Wilhite, Jr., B. S. Denton, Texas August, 1979 Wilhite, Ben W., Jr. , The Influence of Al Panzera Upon Sports Photography at Dallas-Fort Worth MetropOlitan Newspapers. Master of Journalism, August,, 1979, 102 pp., 19 illustrations, bibliography ,33 titles. This problem's investigation deals with the influence of sports photographer Al Panzera upon staff photographers at four major metropolitan newspapers in the Dallas-Fort Worth area. Information was gathered through interviews, periodicals, and the pages of the Fort Worth Star-Telegram. The study found Panzera to be influential in varying degrees upon all photographers interviewed. He proved most influential with beginners, especially in the 1940's and 1950's. He influenced advanced photographers to a limited extent, Areas of influence included his techniques., abilities, personality, and tenure with the Star-Telegram. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS., . .iii Chapter . ,.,. , . T I. INTRODUCTION . Statement of the Problem Purpose of the Study Questions Review of Literature Justification Limitations of the Study Methodology Organization of the Thesis II. EARLY HISTORY AND LEARNING A PROFESSION.. 12 III. THE PANZERA WAY. .. .. ,........... 39 Photographic Angles Equipment Lighting Newspaper Graphics Pregame Preparation IV. AL PANZERA tS INFLUENCE ON NEWSPAPER PHOTOGRAPHERS . .... 65 Equipment Lighting Knowledge of Sports Publicity Photographs Graphics Teacher Personality Respect V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION , ,a . , . a . , , 89 Summary Conclusion Suggestions for Further Study APPENDIX . .. .99 BIBLIOGRAPHY . ..... .100 ii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1,0 Al Panzera ....... 2 2. Memorable Golden Gloves . 9 . , . 17 3. Large Art Display .. 99, 19 4. "Ordered" Photograph 9 , 25 5, Early Award Winner . 9 , 9 . , . 33 6. Low-Angle Publicity Photograph . 9. , . .42 7. Big Bertha . 9 9 . 45 8. Telephoto Lens . , 47 99 Effect of Telephoto Lens . 48 109 Short-Duration Flash Photograph 9 9 9 . 52 119 Multiple Strobe Lighting ,, . .9. 9 9 . , 514 12. Eight Column Photograph , , . 9 9 . , , . 56 13. Diagram Picture. ....... 9 9 9. 9 9 . 58 14. Sequence Pictures.......,. 9 9 . , 60 15. Follow Focus Photograph..... 62 16. Pregame Planning Photograph . 64 17. Multiple Strobe Lighting . 9 . 70 18. "Lucky" Photograph . .. 9 .9.. .,9. 75 19. Peak Action Timing .. 85 iii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION If a picture is worth a thousand words, Al Panzera was sports photography's dictionary. For twenty-eight years, Panzera covered sports photographically for the Fort Worth Star-Telegram while it was under the ownership of the Amon G. Carter family, During that time, Panzera covered practically all sporting events in Fort Worth and many events throughout the southwestern United States.1 Panzera earned a reputation as "one of the nation's outstanding photographers. t 2 He has been called "a pioneer in a lot of sports photography in the Southwest (see page 2).,3 Panzera became interested in photography at age sixteen in his native Brooklyn, New York, in 1940.4 As a general apprentice for the New York Journal-American, Panzera received his first technical training in photography. 5 Military service was the next step in his learning process. Panzera was drafted into the army, but was transferred into "Alls Camera Sees a Lot of Action," Fort Worth Star Telegram, February 16, 1978, morning, p. 3d. 2 Milt Hopwood, "Conversation With Al Panzera," Fort Worth, L, 8 (August, 1974), 14, 3 Interview with John Mazziota, photographer, Dallas Times Herald, July 3, 1978, Dallas, Texas. 4Interview with Al Panzera, June 13, 1978, Fort Worth, Texas. 5Ibid. 1 I I I I I 14 Plate 1--Al Panzera. Source: Fort Worth Star-Telegram December 31, 1971. 3 the United States Army Air Corps after he received high scores on his General Aptitude Test.6 A transfer to a photography section as a member of the "Flying Training Command" sent Panzera to Fort Worth, introducing him to the 7 city and to the Fort Worth Star-Telegram. Panzera's work as a military photographer included the areas of public relations, promotion and publicity, plane crashes, visiting 8 dignitaries, and work for the camp newspaper. Training in sports photography began when Panzera became personal photog rapher to his commanding officer, General Barton K. Yount, while he was stationed at Tarrant Field, now Carswell Air Force Base.9 The general's pet project was a camp football team, the "Skymasters." Panzera covered the team's games, his introduction to sports photography.10 In 1944, he married a native of Fort Worth. Following his discharge, Panzera remained in the city.1 1 His background in sports photography led to a temporary job photographing the Golden Gloves for the Fort Worth Star 6Ibid. 7 Steve Stibbens, "Al Panzera. The Telegram's 'Star' Photographer Shares Tips on Shooting Sports,," dallasPhoto, 1, 3 (June, 1978), 21, 8Mazziota. 9 Panzera. 10 Stibbens, p. 21. 11Panzera, '4 Telegram.12 This temporary job grew into more than a quarter century of award-winning sports photographs for Panzera and for the Star-Telegram. Panzera's temporary job with the Star-Telegram was that of a photographer assigned to the sports department, not as a general photographer in the photography department. For fifteen years, his temporary job was provided by a special budget as Panzera photographed sports exclusively.1 3 During this time, Panzera worked six days a week, whenever sporting events occurred. His responsibility for covering all newsworthy events went far beyond the usual forty-hour per-week job.1 4 At that time, the Star-Telegram had the largest newspaper circulation in Texas. Therefore, the sports department covered more events than most papers. With this increased coverage, the pace was set for the other papers in the Southwest.1 Panzera regularly used several techniques from his New York Journal-American days that were innovations in the Southwest, Panzera was the first photographer in the Southwest to use strobe units to photograph baseball, special speedlight set-ups at hockey games, and Big Bertha, a seventy-eight-pound camera and lens used for sports closeups.16 1 2 Ibid. 1 3Ibid. 1 4bid,15Ibid, 1 6 mazziota, 5 As photography changed, so did Panzera. His style developed easily as cameras and techniques became more refined. Panzera progressed from the large, bulky Speed Graphic camera to the smaller twin lens reflex camera to today' s compact thirty-five-millimeter models. He used all types of equipment to meet various needs; he searched for new cameras and techniques to advance his talents and those of others .17 Panzera used his techniques and talents in photographing unknown amateurs and the great names in sports for many publications. Among the great sports stars photographed were Ben Hogan, Duke Snider, Rod Laver, Bobby Morrow, Willie Shoemaker, Rocky Marciano, and Panzera's choice as the best all-around athlete, Doak Walker. Panzera continued to be on a first-name basis with most of them,18 Because of the quality of Panzera's work and of the people and events he covered, his photographs appeared not only in the Star-Telegram, but in books, university pamphlets, and magazines such as Life, Newsweek, Sports Illustrated, and Sport. His publications were so numerous that Panzera often did not even see them,' 9 His photographs were seen enough by other people for him to be recognized as one of the best sports photographers in the country. His work was honored constantly. Panzera 1 7 Stibbens, p. 21. 18 "If You're in Sports, Panzerats Shot You," Fort Worth Star-Telegram, April 2, 1972, Sunday, p. 151. 19 Panzera. 6 earned more than 200 major awards, including six from the National Press Photographers Association for best sports 20 photography, and ten consecutive first places in annual competition sponsored by the Texas Associated Press.2 1 Panzera' s successful career continued in spite of a heart attack on August 16, 1971. After surgery the following November, Panzera returned to work, photographing the 22 January 1, 1972 Cotton Bowl football game, Panzera's career with the Star-Telegram flourished for more than thirty years. He turned down offers to work for other newspapers and for Sports Illustrated to stay in Fort Worth and work for the Star-Telegram. He loved the city and the newspaper and continued to honor both with his work.2 3 Statement of the Problem The major problem of this study was to attempt to determine the influence of sports photographer Al Panzera upon the work of staff photographers at the four major newspapers in the Dallas-Fort Worth area as perceived by those photographers. 20 "Alts Camera Sees." "IfYou're In Sports." 2 Panzera, 23 Ibid. 7 Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study was to examine the background of Al Panzera, its effects upon his ability as a sports photographer, and his influence upon major metropolitan newspaper photographers in Dallas and Fort Worth. It studied the changes in photographic coverage of sports events at the Star-Telegram during Panzerats employment as a sports photographer. The study attempted to determine his influence through his tenure at the Star-Telegram, his technical skills, and his awards and prestige. Questions This study was designed to answer these questions.. (a) Did Al Panzera influence other photographers on major metropolitan newspapers in Dallas-Fort Worth? (b) Did the Star-Telegram's photographic coverage of sporting events change during Panzera's employment? (c) What was Panzera's philosophy in sports photography? Review of Literature Little has been written on Al Panzera or on most other photographers, especially those specializing in sports photography.
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