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Towards an Understanding of the Evolution of Violaceae from an Anatomical and Morphological Perspective Saul Ernesto Hoyos University of Missouri-St
University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Theses Graduate Works 8-7-2011 Towards an understanding of the evolution of Violaceae from an anatomical and morphological perspective Saul Ernesto Hoyos University of Missouri-St. Louis, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://irl.umsl.edu/thesis Recommended Citation Hoyos, Saul Ernesto, "Towards an understanding of the evolution of Violaceae from an anatomical and morphological perspective" (2011). Theses. 50. http://irl.umsl.edu/thesis/50 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Saul E. Hoyos Gomez MSc. Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, University of Missouri-Saint Louis, 2011 Thesis Submitted to The Graduate School at the University of Missouri – St. Louis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science July 2011 Advisory Committee Peter Stevens, Ph.D. Chairperson Peter Jorgensen, Ph.D. Richard Keating, Ph.D. TOWARDS AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE BASAL EVOLUTION OF VIOLACEAE FROM AN ANATOMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Saul Hoyos Introduction The violet family, Violaceae, are predominantly tropical and contains 23 genera and upwards of 900 species (Feng 2005, Tukuoka 2008, Wahlert and Ballard 2010 in press). The family is monophyletic (Feng 2005, Tukuoka 2008, Wahlert & Ballard 2010 in press), even though phylogenetic relationships within Violaceae are still unclear (Feng 2005, Tukuoka 2008). The family embrace a great diversity of vegetative and floral morphologies. Members are herbs, lianas or trees, with flowers ranging from strongly spurred to unspurred. -
Distribution and Chemical Diversity of Cyclotides From
!"# $%%#&'(&)* $%#)+,()(''-(+)() . .. .(- The Violet Down in a green and shady bed, A modest violet grew; Its stalk was bent, it hung its head As if to hide from view. And yet it was a lovely flower, Its colour bright and fair; It might have graced a rosy bower, Instead of hiding there. Yet thus it was content to bloom, In modest tints arrayed; And there diffused a sweet perfume, Within the silent shade. Then let me to the valley go This pretty flower to see; That I may also learn to grow In sweet humility. Jane Taylor (1783-1824) List of Papers This thesis is based on the following papers, which are referred to in the text by their Roman numerals. I Burman, R., Gruber, C.W., Rizzardi, K., Herrmann, A., Craik, D.J., Gupta, M.P., Göransson, U. (2010) Cyclotide proteins and precursors from the genus Gloeospermum: Filling a blank spot in the cyclotide map of Violaceae. Phytochemistry, 71(1):13-20 II Burman, R., Larsson, S., Yeshak, M.Y., Rosengren, K.J., Craik, D.J., Göransson, U. (2010) Distribution of circular -
Flora of New Zealand Mosses
FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND MOSSES BRACHYTHECIACEAE A.J. FIFE Fascicle 46 – JUNE 2020 © Landcare Research New Zealand Limited 2020. Unless indicated otherwise for specific items, this copyright work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence Attribution if redistributing to the public without adaptation: "Source: Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research" Attribution if making an adaptation or derivative work: "Sourced from Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research" See Image Information for copyright and licence details for images. CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION Fife, Allan J. (Allan James), 1951- Flora of New Zealand : mosses. Fascicle 46, Brachytheciaceae / Allan J. Fife. -- Lincoln, N.Z. : Manaaki Whenua Press, 2020. 1 online resource ISBN 978-0-947525-65-1 (pdf) ISBN 978-0-478-34747-0 (set) 1. Mosses -- New Zealand -- Identification. I. Title. II. Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd. UDC 582.345.16(931) DC 588.20993 DOI: 10.7931/w15y-gz43 This work should be cited as: Fife, A.J. 2020: Brachytheciaceae. In: Smissen, R.; Wilton, A.D. Flora of New Zealand – Mosses. Fascicle 46. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln. http://dx.doi.org/10.7931/w15y-gz43 Date submitted: 9 May 2019 ; Date accepted: 15 Aug 2019 Cover image: Eurhynchium asperipes, habit with capsule, moist. Drawn by Rebecca Wagstaff from A.J. Fife 6828, CHR 449024. Contents Introduction..............................................................................................................................................1 Typification...............................................................................................................................................1 -
Using Te Reo Māori and Ta Re Moriori in Taxonomy
VealeNew Zealand et al.: Te Journal reo Ma- oriof Ecologyin taxonomy (2019) 43(3): 3388 © 2019 New Zealand Ecological Society. 1 REVIEW Using te reo Māori and ta re Moriori in taxonomy Andrew J. Veale1,2* , Peter de Lange1 , Thomas R. Buckley2,3 , Mana Cracknell4, Holden Hohaia2, Katharina Parry5 , Kamera Raharaha-Nehemia6, Kiri Reihana2 , Dave Seldon2,3 , Katarina Tawiri2 and Leilani Walker7 1Unitec Institute of Technology, 139 Carrington Road, Mt Albert, Auckland 1025, New Zealand 2Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, 231 Morrin Road, St Johns, Auckland 1072, New Zealand 3School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3A Symonds St, Auckland CBD, Auckland 1010, New Zealand 4Rongomaiwhenua-Moriori, Kaiangaroa, Chatham Island, New Zealand 5Massey University, Private Bag 11222 Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand 6Ngāti Kuri, Otaipango, Ngataki, Te Aupouri, Northland, New Zealand 7Auckland University of Technology, 55 Wellesley St E, Auckland CBS, Auckland 1010, New Zealand *Author for correspondence (Email: [email protected]) Published online: 28 November 2019 Auheke: Ko ngā ingoa Linnaean ka noho hei pou mō te pārongo e pā ana ki ngā momo koiora. He mea nui rawa kia mārama, kia ahurei hoki ngā ingoa pūnaha whakarōpū. Me pēnei kia taea ai te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-pūtaiao nei. Nā tēnā kua āta whakatakotohia ētahi ture, tohu ārahi hoki hei whakahaere i ngā whakamārama pūnaha whakarōpū. Kua whakamanahia ēnei kia noho hei tikanga mō te ao pūnaha whakarōpū. Heoi, arā noa atu ngā hua o te tukanga waihanga ingoa Linnaean mō ngā momo koiora i tua atu i te tautohu noa i ngā momo koiora. Ko tētahi o aua hua ko te whakarau: (1) i te mātauranga o ngā iwi takatake, (2) i te kōrero rānei mai i te iwi o te rohe, (3) i ngā kōrero pūrākau rānei mō te wāhi whenua. -
Patterns of Flammability Across the Vascular Plant Phylogeny, with Special Emphasis on the Genus Dracophyllum
Lincoln University Digital Thesis Copyright Statement The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). This thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: you will use the copy only for the purposes of research or private study you will recognise the author's right to be identified as the author of the thesis and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate you will obtain the author's permission before publishing any material from the thesis. Patterns of flammability across the vascular plant phylogeny, with special emphasis on the genus Dracophyllum A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of philosophy at Lincoln University by Xinglei Cui Lincoln University 2020 Abstract of a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of philosophy. Abstract Patterns of flammability across the vascular plant phylogeny, with special emphasis on the genus Dracophyllum by Xinglei Cui Fire has been part of the environment for the entire history of terrestrial plants and is a common disturbance agent in many ecosystems across the world. Fire has a significant role in influencing the structure, pattern and function of many ecosystems. Plant flammability, which is the ability of a plant to burn and sustain a flame, is an important driver of fire in terrestrial ecosystems and thus has a fundamental role in ecosystem dynamics and species evolution. However, the factors that have influenced the evolution of flammability remain unclear. -
Muehlenbeckia Astonii Petrie), a Nationally Threatened Plant
Re-establishment of the shrubby tororaro (Muehlenbeckia astonii Petrie), a nationally threatened plant SCIENCE & RESEARCH INTERNAL REPORT 188 David A Norton Published by Department of Conservation PO Box 10-420 Wellington, New Zealand Science & Research Internal Reports are written by DOC staff or contract scientists on matters which are on-going within the Department They include reports on conferences, workshops, and study tours, and also work in progress Internal Reports are not normally subject to peer review This report was prepared for publication by DOC Science Publishing, Science & Research Unit; editing and layout by Ian Mackenzie Publication was approved by the Manager, Science & Research Unit, Science Technology and Information Services, Department of Conservation, Wellington This report was prepared by David A Norton, Conservation Research Group, School of Forestry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand © June 2001, Department of Conservation ISSN 01142798 ISBN 0478220324 Cataloguing-in-Publication data Norton, David A (David Andrew), 1958- Re-establishment of the shrubby tororaro (Muehlenbeckia astonii Petrie), a nationally threatened plant / David A Norton Wellington, NZ : Dept of Conservation, 2001 1 v ; 30 cm (Science & Research internal report, 0114-2798 ; 188) Includes bibliographical references ISBN 0478220324 1 Muehlenbeckia astonii 2 Rare plantsNew Zealand I Title Series: Science and Research internal report ; 188 CONTENTS Abstract 5 1 Introduction 6 2 Study species and area 7 3 Methods -
LIZARD GARDENS ‒ a Planting Guide
LIZARD GARDENS – A Planting Guide New Zealand’s skinks and geckos have experienced chronic decline in the face of introduced pests, namely rats, pet cats, mice, hedgehogs and mustelids (stoats, ferrets and weasels). These days most peoples’ experience of lizards is via the one their cat brought in. This will continue to be the norm, unless we do something about it! The three main things you can do to help skinks and geckos in your backyard are to provide food, shelter and undertake pest control. Food: berries and nectar from fruiting and flowering native plants, insects and moisture i.e. lots of mulch. Shelter: rock piles, rotting logs, driftwood, stacks of timber, retaining walls, don’t throw out your prunings, dump them in a pile out of the way, skinks will thank you for it. Pest control: get trapping! Trapping rats and mice is a start but hedgehogs are actually a real problem for lizards in urban settings. Consider getting a DOC200 to trap those spiny pests. You can bury them under your native plants to provide an excellent source of fertiliser. Bait is effective for rodents in particular, and means you don’t have to deal with dead bodies. Also, keep your cat inside at night and consider not replacing it when it dies. To help you get started, this planting guide has been developed by gardeners and conservationists from the Kāpiti Coast. We live in a harsh coastal sand environment battered by salt spray, high wind and regular droughts. The following plant list has been developed with that in mind. -
Vascular Plants of an Unclassified Islet, Cape Brett Peninsula, Northern New Zealand, by E.K. Cameron, P
TANE 28,1982 VASCULAR PLANTS OF AN UNCLASSIFIED ISLET, CAPE BRETT PENINSULA, NORTHERN NEW ZEALAND by E.K. Cameron Department of Botany, University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland SUMMARY Seventy indigenous and 2 adventive vascular plants taxa are recorded for the "unmodified" islet. Its botanical value exceeds its small size because of the modification of the adjacent Cape Brett Peninsula and nearby islands. INTRODUCTION The islet is situated only a few metres off the northern coastline of Cape Brett Peninsula (Fig. 1). This steep beehive-shaped greywacke islet, less than two hectares in area, supports an excellent cover of indigenous vegetation compared with the adjacent goat (Copra hircus) browsed mainland. Approximately thirty minutes was spent on the islet during a four day botanical survey of Cape Brett Peninsula carried out for the Department of Lands and Survey, Auckland, in June 1980 (Cameron 1980). Time permitted only a single south-west to north-east traverse, returning to the starting point via the north-west littoral. PLANT COMMUNITIES For ease of description four plant associations (Fig. 2) are recognised although it must be remembered that these are by no means distinct as they grade into one another. Area 1: Coastal Rock. The amount of coastal rock on the islet is proportional to the degree of wave exposure and thus the north-eastern side of the islet has the greatest amount of exposed rock. Plants such as Asplenium flaccidum ssp. haurakiense, Samolus repens and the shore lobelia (Lobelia anceps) are frequently found growing in cracks and crevices. Others found here include the N.Z. -
Phylogenetic Analyses of Cretaceous Fossils Related to Chloranthaceae and Their Evolutionary Implications
UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title Phylogenetic Analyses of Cretaceous Fossils Related to Chloranthaceae and their Evolutionary Implications Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0d58r5r0 Journal Botanical Review, 84(2) ISSN 0006-8101 Authors Doyle, JA Endress, PK Publication Date 2018-06-01 DOI 10.1007/s12229-018-9197-6 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Phylogenetic Analyses of Cretaceous Fossils Related to Chloranthaceae and their Evolutionary Implications James A. Doyle & Peter K. Endress The Botanical Review ISSN 0006-8101 Volume 84 Number 2 Bot. Rev. (2018) 84:156-202 DOI 10.1007/s12229-018-9197-6 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by The New York Botanical Garden. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self- archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Bot. Rev. (2018) 84:156–202 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-018-9197-6 Phylogenetic Analyses of Cretaceous Fossils Related to Chloranthaceae and their Evolutionary Implications James A. -
Cyclotide Evolution: Insights from the Analyses of Their Precursor Sequences, Structures and Distribution in Violets (Viola)
ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 18 December 2017 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02058 Cyclotide Evolution: Insights from the Analyses of Their Precursor Sequences, Structures and Distribution in Violets (Viola) Sungkyu Park 1, Ki-Oug Yoo 2, Thomas Marcussen 3, Anders Backlund 1, Erik Jacobsson 1, K. Johan Rosengren 4, Inseok Doo 5 and Ulf Göransson 1* 1 Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea, 3 Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, 4 School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 5 Biotech Research Team, Biotech Research Center of Dong-A Pharm Co Ltd., Seoul, South Korea Cyclotides are a family of plant proteins that are characterized by a cyclic backbone and a knotted disulfide topology. Their cyclic cystine knot (CCK) motif makes them exceptionally resistant to thermal, chemical, and enzymatic degradation. By disrupting Edited by: cell membranes, the cyclotides function as host defense peptides by exhibiting Luis Valledor, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain insecticidal, anthelmintic, antifouling, and molluscicidal activities. In this work, we provide Reviewed by: the first insight into the evolution of this family of plant proteins by studying the Jesús Pascual Vázquez, Violaceae, in particular species of the genus Viola. We discovered 157 novel precursor University of Turku, Finland Diego Mauricio Riaño-Pachón, sequences by the transcriptomic analysis of six Viola species: V. albida var. takahashii, V. Institute of Chemistry, University of mandshurica, V. orientalis, V. verecunda, V. acuminata, and V. canadensis. By combining São Paulo, Brazil these precursor sequences with the phylogenetic classification of Viola, we infer the Monica Escandon, University of Aveiro, Portugal distribution of cyclotides across 63% of the species in the genus (i.e., ∼380 species). -
Co-Extinction of Mutualistic Species – an Analysis of Ornithophilous Angiosperms in New Zealand
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES CO-EXTINCTION OF MUTUALISTIC SPECIES An analysis of ornithophilous angiosperms in New Zealand Sandra Palmqvist Degree project for Master of Science (120 hec) with a major in Environmental Science ES2500 Examination Course in Environmental Science, 30 hec Second cycle Semester/year: Spring 2021 Supervisor: Søren Faurby - Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences Examiner: Johan Uddling - Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences “Tui. Adult feeding on flax nectar, showing pollen rubbing onto forehead. Dunedin, December 2008. Image © Craig McKenzie by Craig McKenzie.” http://nzbirdsonline.org.nz/sites/all/files/1200543Tui2.jpg Table of Contents Abstract: Co-extinction of mutualistic species – An analysis of ornithophilous angiosperms in New Zealand ..................................................................................................... 1 Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Samutrotning av mutualistiska arter – En analys av fågelpollinerade angiospermer i New Zealand ................................................................... 3 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 5 2. Material and methods ............................................................................................................... 7 2.1 List of plant species, flower colours and conservation status ....................................... 7 2.1.1 Flower Colours ............................................................................................................. -
Greening the City: Bringing Biodiversity Back Into the Urban
Section 2: Nature Friendly Environments — Communities Making it Happen Saving threatened native plant species in cities — from traffic islands to real islands John Sawyer Department of Conservation, Wellington Conservancy, PO Box 5086, Wellington, New Zealand [email protected] ABSTRACT While offshore islands offer a more traditional option for native plant conservation in New Zealand, urban landscapes including traffic islands and road reservations are now being used in the Wellington region as an integral part of plant species recovery. Urban environments offer areas of public land where plants can be grown on a long-term basis. For many years exotic plants have dominated urban plantings, but increasingly native plants are being used. In Wellington and Hutt City, threatened native plants are now integrated within city plantings. When a council revegetates its urban areas native plant species offer many advantages over exotics. When threatened plant species are used there are even greater gains in terms of contribution towards protecting New Zealand’s unique plant life. Threatened native plants grown in traffic islands are used as: • Insurance populations in case the wild population is destroyed • A research and educational resource • A source of seeds and plants to be used in species recovery work in the wild • An advocacy tool to promote the region’s rare plant life. Threatened plant species grown in traffic islands can be valuable components of a plant conservation programme, and can also be attractive parts of the urban landscape. They can be well protected from browsing animals, such as possums, by the surrounding roads. Council staff can also keep the islands free of weeds.