DOCSLIB.ORG

Efficacy of Fixed Infrared Thermography for Identification of Subjects with Influenza-Like Illness Christopher M

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Efficacy of Fixed Infrared Thermography for Identification of Subjects with Influenza-Like Illness Christopher M Walden University ScholarWorks Harold L. Hodgkinson Award for Outstanding University Awards Dissertation 2011 Efficacy of Fixed Infrared Thermography for Identification of Subjects with Influenza-like Illness Christopher M. Hinnerichs Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/hodgkinson This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the University Awards at ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Harold L. Hodgkinson Award for Outstanding Dissertation by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Walden University COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by Christopher M. Hinnerichs has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Angela Prehn, Committee Chairperson, Public Health Faculty Dr. German Gonzalez, Committee Member, Public Health Faculty Dr. Cheryl Anderson, University Reviewer, Public Health Faculty Chief Academic Officer David Clinefelter, Ph.D. Walden University 2011 Abstract Efficacy of Fixed Infrared Thermography for Identification of Subjects with Influenza-like Illness by Christopher M. Hinnerichs MS, University of New Mexico, 2006 BA, University of New Mexico, 2004 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Health, Epidemiology Walden University August, 2011 Abstract Due to pandemic threats and the occurrence of biological terrorism, technological advancements are being vetted, developed, and implemented as part of surveillance systems and tools. A potential surveillance tool is infrared thermography (IRT), and its efficacy for screening was the focus of this dissertation. IRT-screened participants’ temperatures were compared to laboratory diagnostics to confirm the presence or absence of influenza-like illness (ILI). An archival dataset of personnel on United States Navy and Marine vessels that were identified as exceeding an ILI threshold limit provided the data for the 320 study participants. Using a guiding thermo-science framework, derived from past IRT studies, the primary research question concerned whether IRT could statistically differentiate between afebrile participants (without ILI) and febrile participants (with ILI) using receiver operating characteristics (ROC). Results showed that IRT could differentiate between febrile and afebrile participants 91% of the time (ROC = 0.91; χ2 = 230.71, p = < 0.01), indicating excellent efficacy in this study setting. In addition, the correlation between oral temperatures and IRT surface temperatures was analyzed by gender. A strong correlation between the two variables for males (r = 0.90, n = 226, p < 0.01) and females (r = 0.87, n = 94, p < 0.01) was shown with little variance between the genders (observed z = 1.12, SE = 0.26). These findings have significant positive social change implications as they could provide senior public health decision makers with informed knowledge of IRTs benefits and limitations for rapid screening of febrile individuals in public settings to impede the transmission of ILI. Efficacy of Fixed Infrared Thermography for Identification of Subjects with Influenza-like Illness by Christopher M. Hinnerichs MS, University of New Mexico, 2006 BA, University of New Mexico, 2004 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Health, Epidemiology Walden University August 2011 UMI Number: 3466834 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent on the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI 3466834 Copyright 2011 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This edition of the work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 - 1346 Dedication I would like to dedicate this dissertation to my family and friends. These amazing individuals have truly been my support throughout these challenging times, celebrated in my victories, and always encouraged me during shortfalls along this academic process. Their prayers, guidance, and motivation instilled and sustained the strength in me to push for this dream to come into fruition. Acknowledgements I am truly grateful to my committee chair, Dr. Angela Prehn, for her judicious responses, eye for detail, and encouragement and for asking the hard questions that strengthened my dissertation and learning process. To my board member Dr. German Gonzalez, I greatly appreciated your clinical insight, depth, and knowledge that bolstered my research while providing me with a reality check when the content ventured outside my epidemiologic lane of proficiency. To my colleague and friend, Dr. Jesse Monestersky, who provided additional clinical and oversight support, linkage to my research population, mentorship, and encouragement along this road – thank you tremendously. In addition, I would like to thank Brenda Crabtree for being my microbiology and laboratory subject matter expert – her explanations of the diagnostic results and recommendations were invaluable. To the Pacific Command Surgeon’s Office, thank you for the dedicated time that allowed me to center on my research, encouragement along the way, and exemplar leadership that I will emulate throughout my career. I would like to acknowledge my parents, Dr. Terry and Cheryle Hinnerichs, for their astute guidance, support, and their own personal achievements that motivated me to never relinquish what I started. To my brother, Todd Hinnerichs, for his humor, inspiration, and successful career path that further inspired me to push the limits and not settle for mediocrity. Table of Contents List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... vi List of Figures ................................................................................................................... vii Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study ....................................................................................1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................1 Problem Statement .........................................................................................................4 Nature of the Study ........................................................................................................5 Research Questions and Hypotheses .............................................................................6 Purpose of Study ............................................................................................................7 Conceptual Framework ..................................................................................................8 Definition of Terms........................................................................................................9 Assumptions and Limitations ......................................................................................12 Significance of the Study .............................................................................................12 Summary and Transition ..............................................................................................14 Chapter 2: Literature Review .............................................................................................16 Introduction ..................................................................................................................16 Conceptual Framework ................................................................................................17 Influenza like Illness (ILI) ..........................................................................................19 Surveillance and IRT ...................................................................................................20 Applications of IRT .....................................................................................................21 Causes of Elevated Body Temperature .................................................................22 i IRT and Selection of Febrile Subjects ............................................................................23 Temperature Thresholds for IRT ..........................................................................25 Validity, Accuracy, and Reliability of IRT ..................................................................29 Sensitivity and Specificity ....................................................................................29 Accuracy ...............................................................................................................35 Reliability ..............................................................................................................37 Potential IRT Covariates .......................................................................................37 Thermal Target Zone ...................................................................................................46 Environmental Inferences ............................................................................................48
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Analysis of Industrial Process Heater Using Thermography
    International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 02 | Feb-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Analysis of Industrial Process Heater using Thermography Noble Jimmy1, Jojo Varghese2, jithin k joy3, Sebin Thomas4 1,2,3,4 Bachelor of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saintgits college of Engineering ----------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Infrared thermography, thermal imaging, and The inspection tool used for thermography is the Thermal thermal video are examples of thermal imaging science. Imager. These are sophisticated devices which measure the Thermal imaging cameras usually detect radiation in the long- natural emissions of infrared radiation from a heated object infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum ( roughly and produce a thermal picture. Modern Thermal Imagers 9000-4000 nanometers or 9–14 µm) and produce images of are portable with easily operated controls. As physical that radiation, called thermograms. Since infrared radiation is contact with the system is not required, inspections can be emitted by all objects with a temperature above absolute zero made under full operational conditions resulting in no loss of according to the black body radiation law, thermography production or downtime. makes it possible to see one's environment with or without visible illumination. The amount of radiation emitted by an An oil refinery is a large, complex, and very specialized object increases with temperature; therefore, thermography industrial site. Its purpose is to transform crude oil from its allows one to see variations in temperature. When viewed unprocessed state into various chemical products and by- through a thermal imaging camera, warm objects stand out products.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloads/Flir/Dokumentation/T810209-En-Us A4 .Pdf/ (Accessed on 15 June 2021)
    sensors Article The Solution for the Thermographic Measurement of the Temperature of a Small Object Arkadiusz Hulewicz 1,* , Krzysztof Dziarski 2 and Grzegorz Dombek 2 1 Institute of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3A, 60-965 Poznan, Poland 2 Institute of Electric Power Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3A, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; [email protected] (K.D.); [email protected] (G.D.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-61-665-2546 Abstract: This article describes the measuring system and the influence of selected factors on the accuracy of thermographic temperature measurement using a macrolens. This method enables thermographic measurement of the temperature of a small object with an area of square millimeters as, e.g., electronic elements. Damage to electronic components is often preceded by a rise in temperature, and an effective way to diagnose such components is the use of a thermographic camera. The ability to diagnose a device under full load makes thermography a very practical method that allows us to assess the condition of the device during operation. The accuracy of such a measurement depends on the conditions in which it is carried out. The incorrect selection of at least one parameter compensating the influence of the factor occurring during the measurement may cause the indicated value to differ from the correct value. This paper presents the basic issues linked to thermographic measurements and highlights the sources of errors. A measuring stand which enables the assessment of the influence of selected factors on the accuracy of thermographic measurement of electronic elements with the use of a macrolens is presented.
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview of Thermal Infrared Imaging-Based Screenings During Pandemic Emergencies
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Review An Overview of Thermal Infrared Imaging-Based Screenings during Pandemic Emergencies David Perpetuini , Chiara Filippini , Daniela Cardone * and Arcangelo Merla Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; [email protected] (D.P.); chiara.fi[email protected] (C.F.); [email protected] (A.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0871-3556954 Abstract: Infrared thermal imaging (IRI) is a contact-less technology able to monitor human skin temperature for biomedical applications and in real-life contexts. Its capacity to detect fever was exploited for mass screening during past epidemic emergencies as well as for the current COVID- 19 pandemic. However, the only assessment of fever may not be selective for the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Hence, novel approaches for IRI data analysis have been investigated. The present review aims to describe how IRI have been employed during the last epidemics, highlighting the potentialities and the limitations of this technology to contain the contagions. Specifically, the methods employed for automatic face recognition and fever assessment and IRI’s performances in mass screening at airports and hospitals are reviewed. Moreover, an overview of novel machine learning methods for IRI data analysis, aimed to identify Citation: Perpetuini, D.; Filippini, C.; respiratory diseases, is provided. In addition, IRI-based smart technologies developed to support the Cardone, D.; Merla, A. An Overview healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic are described. Finally, relevant guidelines to fully exploit of Thermal Infrared Imaging-Based IRI for COVID-19 identification are defined, to improve the effectiveness of IRI in the detection of the Screenings during Pandemic SARS-CoV-2 infection.
    [Show full text]
  • What Do “Infrared Thermometers” Measure?
    What do “infrared thermometers” measure? Overview These days, infrared (or “non-contact”) thermometers are popular items in hardware stores, auto parts stores, and stores that carry high-end cooking equipment. You point the thermometer at an object, and it reads the temperature. You can see how this could be useful to a chef or mechanic. But... What does such a thermometer actually measure? If you’re baking a potato, there’s a good chance that the reading will correspond to the surface temperature. But the truth is not always so simple — for example, if you’ve wrapped your potato in aluminum foil, you won’t see anything like the temperature of the spud itself! In the title, we’ve put “infrared thermometer” in quotes because this device doesn’t measure temperature directly; rather, temperature is inferred from a different measurement. So just what does the device measure? This is a good open question that you can ask your students to explore. Theory All matter is made of atoms, and all the atoms are in constant random motion. This is the molecular view of thermal energy. Atoms ,in turn, are composed of charged particles. And when you accelerate a charged particle (as occurs perpetually in the atomic motion associated with thermal energy), it emits electromagnetic waves. Does this mean that all objects will emit electromagnetic waves? Indeed it does. (Well, it does for any object with a temperature greater than absolute zero — that is, any object you’re apt to ever encounter.) Hotter objects emit more of this thermal radiation, objects at different temperatures emit different wavelengths, and some objects (metals, for instance) are pretty poor emitters.
    [Show full text]
  • Infrared Thermography — a New Approach for In-Line Density Measurement of Ribbons Produced from Roll Compaction
    PTEC-12294; No of Pages 8 Powder Technology xxx (2017) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Powder Technology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/powtec Infrared thermography — A new approach for in-line density measurement of ribbons produced from roll compaction Raphael Wiedey, Peter Kleinebudde ⁎ Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany article info abstract Article history: The ribbon relative density is one of the key quality attributes during roll compaction/dry granulation, as it pri- Received 2 November 2016 marily determines the granule porosity and granule size distribution. In this study, a new approach to measure Received in revised form 18 January 2017 the ribbon relative density in-line was investigated. A thermographic camera was used to record freshly pro- Accepted 21 January 2017 duced ribbons as they left the gap. In a first step a principal correlation of the measured ribbon temperature Available online xxxx and the ribbon density was proven. Furthermore, the cooling rate after compaction was identified as an addition- Keywords: al characteristic that can be used to determine the ribbon density. Interestingly the thermographic images also Roll compaction revealed temperature distributions within the ribbon that could be matched with density distributions measured Ribbon density by X-ray micro-computed tomography. In the following, additional characteristics that are equally important for In-line measurement the practical application as an in-line measuring tool were further investigated. The technique showed short Density distribution reaction times to changes in the process and in a long term experiment no temperature drift over time could X-ray μCT be detected. This study demonstrated the applicability of a thermographic camera as an in-line analytical tool Thermography for the determination of ribbon relative density.
    [Show full text]
  • Qirt-2019-008
    10.21611/qirt.2019.008 Thermography of Asteroid Ryugu by Hayabusa2 by T. Okada* and Hayabusa2 TIR Team* * Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo, Sagamihara, 252-5210 Japan, [email protected] Abstract Thermography of the C-type Near Earth Asteroid 162173 Ryugu has revealed the thermophysical properties of the surface of the primitive solar system small body. Thermal Infrared Imager TIR is a remote sensing instrument onboard Hayabusa2, the Japanese second asteroid sample return mission. TIR is based on two-dimensional uncooled micro- bolometer array with 328 x 248 effective pixels, 16.7° x 12.7° field of view, and a single band of 8 to 12 μm wavelength range. New results of global, local and close-up thermal images of the asteroid are briefly reported. 1. Introduction Global, local and close-up thermal images of the C-type Near-Earth asteroid 162173 Ryugu were taken by the Thermal Infrared Imager TIR [1] on Hayabusa2 to investigate its thermophysical properties. TIR is a two-dimensional thermographic camera developed to study the nature of Ryugu and its origin and evolution. The instrument is also used for safe landing for sample collection regarding the assessment for the surface thermal environment and the hazardous boulder abundance. Demonstration to utilize thermographic camera in planetary missions is another purpose. Outlines of the TIR observations during the asteroid rendezvous phase are briefly described. 2. Hayabusa2 and the target asteroid Ryugu Hayabusa2 [2] is an asteroid mission to explore the C-type asteroid, after the Hayabusa mission [3] which visited and returned sample from S-type near-earth asteroid 25143 Itokawa.
    [Show full text]
  • Infrared Thermal Imaging
    Infrared Thermal Imaging Amit Sharma* Nidhi Jindal** Abstract Infrared Thermography (IRT) is being used in an ever more broad number of application fields and for many different purposes; indeed, any process, which is temperature dependent, may benefit from the use of an infrared device. All living objects in the world emit infrared energy in the form of heat which is known as its heat signature. Infrared thermal imaging is a method to improving visibility of objects by detecting the objects infrared radiation and creating a new gray scale image based on that information in a dark environment using the infrared radiations. Keywords: Infrared radiation, thermography camera, medical, armed forces, breast cancer. Introduction the depth of gray indicates variations between the two Infrared thermal imaging technology is one new objects. Some thermal cameras help users identify an method using night vision technologies. Thermal object to add colors to images at different imaging works without any ambient light in temperatures. environments. In general, a hotter object emits more Advantages radiation. Infrared thermographic camera can operate as long as 14,000 nm in wavelengths. 1. It has a capability of finding high temperature components. A thermal camera is also known as a thermal imager, www.IndianJournals.com 2. It is used to observe the areas which cannot be Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale infrared camera or thermal imaging camera. It is a heat accessed by other methods. Downloaded From IP - 115.254.44.5 on dated 24-Apr-2019 sensor that capable of detecting minor differences in temperature. The Thermal camera can collects the 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Thermal Imaging Guidebook for Industrial Applications
    THERMAL IMAGING GUIDEBOOK FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS An informative guide for the use of thermal imaging cameras in industrial applications 1 Content page 1. The thermal imaging camera and how it works 6 2. Why use thermal imaging? 8 3. Using thermal imaging for industrial applications 12 4. Choosing the right thermal imaging camera supplier 24 5. Thermal physics for industrial applications 26 6. Finding the best solution 30 7. How to carry out thermal inspections 42 This booklet is produced in close cooperation with the Infrared Training Centre (ITC). All images used are for illustrative purposes only. SPECIFICATIONS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE © Copyright 2011, FLIR Systems AB. All other brand and product names are trademarks of their respective owners. 3 Introduction Ever since the first commercial thermal imaging camera was sold in 1965 for high voltage power line inspections, by what would later become FLIR Systems, the use of thermal imaging 1 cameras for industrial applications has been an important market segment for FLIR. Since then thermal imaging technology has evolved. Thermal imaging cameras have become compact systems that look just like a digital video camera or digital photo camera. They are easy to use and generate crisp real-time high-resolution images. Thermal imaging technology has become one of the most valuable diagnostic tools for industrial applications. By detecting anomalies that are usually invisible to the naked eye, thermal imaging allows corrective action to be taken before costly system failures occur. Thermal imaging cameras are a unique tool to determine when and where maintenance is needed, for electrical and mechanical installations tend to get hot before they fail.
    [Show full text]
  • Application of Thermal Imaging in Electrical Equipment Examination
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Application of thermal imaging in electrical equipment examination C. Szafron Wroclaw University of Technology 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland Abstract- The paper states about applying thermal imaging measurement methods to electrical equipment diagnostics. Modern infrared mapping techniques allow to take fast and non- exhausting measurements of devices that are not easy accessible or where measurements are dangerous to humans. Thermography has found it’s principal use in power engineering in diagnostics of electrical apparatus and equipment, mainly transformers and insulators. Figure 2. Electromagnetic spectrum I. BASIC IDEA OF THERMAL IMAGING Thermography, also called thermal imaging, is a type of The amount of radiation emitted by an object increases with infrared imaging. Infrared radiation is electromagnetic temperature, therefore thermography allows one to see radiation of a wavelength longer than visible light wavelenght, variations in temperature. When viewed by thermographic but shorter than that microwaves. It's name means "below red", camera, warm objects stand out well against cooler because of red being the color of visible light with the longest backgrounds; humans and other warm blooded animals become wavelength. Infrared radiation has wavelengths between about easily visible against the environment, day or night. 750 nm and 1 mm, spanning five orders of magnitude. Thermographic cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 900–14.000 II. THERMOGRAPHIC CAMERAS nanometers or 0.9–14 µm) and produce images of that A thermographic camera, sometimes called a FLIR (Forward radiation [2]. Wien's displacement law is a law of physics that Looking InfraRed), or an infrared camera less specifically, is a states that there is an inverse relationship between the device that forms an image using infrared radiation, similar to a wavelength of the peak of the emission of a black body and its common camera that forms an image using visible light.
    [Show full text]
  • Role of Thermography in the Diagnosis of Chronic Sinusitis
    Open Access Original Article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.2298 Role of Thermography in the Diagnosis of Chronic Sinusitis Raja Kalaiarasi 1 , Chellappa Vijayakumar 2 , Ramalingam Archana 3 , Ramakrishnan Venkataramanan 4 , Ranganathan Chidambaram 5 , Sadhanandham Shrinuvasan 5 , Ravi Prabhu 6 1. Otorhinolaryngology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Science, Puducherry, India 2. Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India. 3. Preventive Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India. 4. Otolaryngology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Science, Puducherry, India 5. Radiology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Science, Puducherry, India 6. General Surgery, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Science, Puducherry, India Corresponding author: Raja Kalaiarasi, [email protected] Abstract Introduction Thermography is a form of radiography that images the skin surface temperature. Thermograms are pictorial representations of thermal maps of the entire body’s outer surface. Thermography was applied as an attempt to evaluate its usefulness in the diagnosis of chronic sinusitis (CS). Hence, this study was done to determine the diagnostic value of thermography for patients suffering from CS. Methodology Patients attending the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery over a two years' duration with symptoms suggestive of CS were included in this diagnostic evaluation study. X-ray paranasal sinuses (PNS) and nose, thermography of head and neck, and computed tomography (CT) of PNS and nose (axial and coronal sections) were performed on them. The thermograms and X-ray sinuses obtained were compared with the computed tomography of PNS findings. Results The study population consisted of 167 patients (75 males and 92 females) and the mean age of the study population was 38.6 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Close Range 3D Thermography: Face Temperature and Presents the Results in Form of Thermal Images
    Infrared thermography enables the non-contact measurement of an object’s sur- Close range 3D thermography: face temperature and presents the results in form of thermal images. The analysis of these images provides valuable information about an object’s thermal state. How- real-time reconstruction of ever, the fidelity of the thermal images strongly depends on the pose of the thermo- high fidelity 3D thermograms graphic camera with respect to the surface. 3D thermography offers the possibility to overcome this and other limitations that affect conventional 2D thermography but most 3D thermographic systems developed so far generate 3D thermograms Antonio Rafael Ordóñez Müller from a single perspective or from few noncontiguous points of view and do not operate in real time. As a result, the 3D thermograms they generate do not offer much advantage over conventional thermal images. However, recent technological advances have unlocked the possibility of implementing affordable handheld 3D thermal imaging systems that can be easily maneuvered around an object and that can generate high-fidelity 3D thermograms in real time. This thesis explores vari- ous aspects involved in the real-time generation of high-fidelity 3D thermograms at close range using a handheld 3D thermal imaging system, presents the results of scanning an operating industrial furnace and discusses the problems associated with the generation of 3D thermograms of large objects with complex geometries. Close range 3D thermography: real-time reconstruction of high fidelity 3D thermograms reconstruction real-time 3D thermography: Close range 07 Schriftenreihe Mess- und Regelungstechnik der Universität Kassel ISBN 978-3-7376-0624-0 Band Univ.-Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Failure Analysis of Thin Film Solar Modules Using Lock-In Thermography
    Failure Analysis of Thin Film Solar Modules using Energie & Umwelt Energie Lock-in Thermography Energy & Environment Energy Max Henrik Siegloch 258 Failure Analysis of Thin Film Solar Modules using LIT of Thin Film Analysis Failure Member of the Helmholtz Association Member of the Max Henrik Siegloch Energie & Umwelt / Energie & Umwelt / Energy & Environment Energy & Environment Band/ Volume 258 Band/ Volume 258 ISBN 978-3-95806-047-0 ISBN 978-3-95806-047-0 Failure Analysis of Thin Film Solar Modules using Lock-in Thermography Von der Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Ingenieurwissenschaften genehmigte Dissertation vorgelegt von Diplom-Ingenieur Max Henrik Siegloch aus Stuttgart Berichter: Universitätsprofessor Dr. Uwe Rau Universitätsprofessor Dr. Joachim Knoch Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 16.12.2014 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Energy and Climate Research IEK-5 Photovoltaics Failure Analysis of Thin Film Solar Modules using Lock-in Thermography Max Henrik Siegloch Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie & Umwelt / Energy & Environment Band / Volume 258 ISSN 1866-1793 ISBN 978-3-95806-047-0 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek. The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. Publisher and Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Distributor: Zentralbibliothek 52425 Jülich Tel: +49 2461 61-5368 Fax: +49 2461 61-6103 Email: [email protected] www.fz-juelich.de/zb Cover Design: Grafische Medien, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Printer: Grafische Medien, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Copyright: Forschungszentrum Jülich 2015 Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie & Umwelt / Energy & Environment, Band / Volume 258 D 82 (Diss.
    [Show full text]