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Studies on the Induction of Variation Throughin Vitro Culture in Jatropha

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Studies on the induction of variation through in vitro culture in Jatropha curcas L. Thesis submitted to the Cochin University of Science and Technology under the Faculty of Science in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Biotechnology by JIKKU JOSE Reg. No. 3475 Plant Biotechnology Laboratory Department of Biotechnology Cochin University of Science and Technology Cochin-682022 Kerala, India January 2013 geaw//v”% MM//MW """" N DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY KOCHI-682 022. INDIA Phone : 91-484-2576267, Fax: 91 -484-2577595. e-mail: padmanambisanOcusat.ac.in Dr. PADMA NAMBISAN Associate Proflessor (Plant Biotechnology) CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the research work presented in this thesis entitled “Studies on the induction of variation through in vitro culture in Jatropha curcas L.”, is based on the original research work carried out by Ms. Jikku Jose under my guidance and supervision in the Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology. in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, and that no part thereof has been presented for the award of any other degree. diploma, associateship or other similar titles or recognition. Drl Padma Nambisan C USAT. 30-0] -20l3. DECLARATION l hereby declare that the work presented in this thesis entitled “Studies on the induction of variation through in vitro culture in Jatropha curcas L.”, is based on original research work carried out by me at the Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin under the guidance of Dr. Padma Nambisan, Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India and that no part thereof has been presented for the award of any degree or diploma, associateship or other similar title or recognition. / %<>?Jikku Jose CUSAT, 30-0|-2013. flC7(9VowL£r1>g~£9na&:9v'T ‘I7iis piece qfworli fias 6een accomplis/iedwitli tfie flfmigfity god, His fifiessings and .'His power tflat worliwitfiin me andalfso witli tlie peopfie fie/iind my life for inspiring, guiding and accompanying me tfirougli tfiicliand tfiin. It is a péasant moment to eJQ7ress my fieartfeft gratitude to a[[ I dedicate tfiis page to eacii and everyone wfio fiave Iiefped me to eaqalbre tfie expanses of kpowkdge. I tafie immense pkasure to express my sincere and deep sense of gratitude to my supervising guide and mentor, Dr. Tadma _‘]V'am6isan, flssociate professor, Department of fBiotecfino[ogy, Cocliin ‘University of Science and ‘Tecfinofogy for /ier sustained entfiusiasm, creative suggestions, motivation and exempfizry guidance tfirougfiout tlie course of my doctoraf researcfi. I am deepfi grateful to fierfor providing me necessary facilities and exceiient supervision to complete tfiis worlé Her passion for worfl and zeaf for scientific excellence fias exceptionaffy inspired and enric/ied my growtli as a student and a researc/ier as well" I qfier my profound gratitude to Dr. Sarita Q‘. <Bfuzt, j4ssociate (Professor and Head, Dept. of (Biotec/inofog, Cocfiin ‘University of Science and ‘fecfinofog for Iier vafualik suggestions tfirougfiout my (Pfi.D. I would [i/{e to aclinowledge Dr. C. .5‘. (Paulbse, Trof M. Cflandrasekaran, Dr. ‘Hyas K, K, and Dr. ‘E. ‘Vzjayan,fzcu[ty memfiers of t/ie Department for tlieir advice and support in tfie tenure of my worfi I woufl like to extend my sincere tfianfis to Cocfiin University of Science and Tecfinofogy and ’U_(,‘C 9/louflzna flzadfellbwsfiip, govt. of India for supporting tfiis work wit/i financiaf asistance. I express my gratitude to all" tfie autfiorities and stafi‘ in tfie Department of Diotecfinolbgy andCocliin ‘University of Science and ‘fecfinolbgy for tfieir fiefp and co—operation. I acknowfizifge my tfianlis to stajfs of fltfiufya Ladies 7{oste[ of tfie ’Universityfor tfieir co—operation rendered during my stay. I wisli to extend my gratitude to Dr. Srilianta (Panigrafii, Director general: Car5on Minus India, IISD, for fiis motivation and support tlirougliout my tfiesis work, I woufif like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. 9r1ariamma ‘Vincent, Department of ‘I-‘orein flmguages, for fier support and encouragement tfirougfiout my (MD study. 1 am wordless in expressing my sincere gratefitfness for constant encouragement of Wlr. Sajit/i (Panyaran, MD of Wtizlag Intemationafgroup, gcc,, wfio fias Iiefped me to see and practice life aftogetlier in a difierent perspective, to stay focused and to go after my dreams. I extend my sincere tfianfis to Dr. Jayapragasam ‘EDT, Coimfiatore, Dr. gopafgumar and Dr. ‘I/idyasagar of 7O4l’U, Tfinssur. Dr. Murafid/iaran and Dr. Wicky Xavier of 7(_<1-"GU, (Peecfii. Dr. Jayac/iandran of M7(’U, Dr. Jefiasingfi, Dr. Manofiaran, Dr. Sujatlia, Dr. Mafialaksfimi qfM7(’U, Madurai, Dr. geetlia of Lafiflznd for tlieir /ielp and encouragement during tfie period of my researcli I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Latfia, Director qfjawafiarlaf Wefiru ‘fropicaf (Botanic garden Researcfi Institute, (Pabde, ‘Tri'vandrum and Dr. Krisfinan, Head, Department of (Biotecfinobgy, _7W"17B_(,“R_I for pnwizling me facilities to do a part of my work, in your reputed researcfi institute. I am greatfy imflzfited to Dr. Satfieesfikymar, for fiis encouragement, guidance and timely fielp tfirougfiout my study. I also appreciate tfie lielp and pkasant working atmospfiere from alTmem5ers qfDioproduction Eifioratory, ‘TD_(,'fR[. I sincerefy acknowfedge my senior colleagues Dr. ’Unni£nLsfinapi'lEzi, for fiis va[ua6le suggestions and encouragement -w/iicli fiave definitefy fiefped to improve my researcfi work, I also extend my tfianks to Dr. Swapna. I wouldfikg to e;q7ress my speciaftfianks Qf gratitude to my coflegues Mrs. Jasmine (gs/iy, Mrs. /'Inita fPinlieiro, Mrs. .7{a5ee6a K, Ms. ‘Elizalietfi Matfiew, Ms. ‘Ifiresia Regimof, Mrs. /'lrinnia flnto, Mrs. Sudfia, Mrs. Soumya (P5, Ms. 7(_iran Laks/imi and Ms. flnafli for tfieir fiefp, support, interest andvafuafile fiints. I express my tfianks to Dr. Sreeja Cfiefiappan, Dr. Madfiu, Dr. Soorej M Dasfieer, Dr. Jasmin C, Dr. *RajeeuE,umar, Dr. fPra5fiu, Dr. Jissa Q ’I(_risfina, Dr. Deena (PS, Ms. Rpsefin, Mr. G’ Kanfiifieyan, Mr. Cities/i Q’C, Mr. .S'ajan, Mr. Doks Ms. Manjufiz and Ms. Dindftya of Microfiiaf ‘Tecfinoflagy Lafioratory, Mr. Siju M ‘I/argfiese, Mrs flipfionsa ‘Vijaya Ms. Jina jlugustine, Mr. Rag/iu[.S‘u6in .5‘, Ms. ifefvin ‘Vincent, Ms. Smitfia 5, Ms. Mridufiz, Ms. Linda, Ms. .’l{an'sree, Ms. Laacmi, Mr. Wolifir and Mr. Satfieesfi Kumar M1(_qfMicro6ia[ genetics Lafioratory, Mr. Manzur flli <P<P, Mrs. Sapna 7(, Mr. flfiraliam Matfiew, Mr. Ramesfz Kumar and Mrs. ‘Reléfia of I mmuno Teclinolbgy Lafioratory, Dr. Dinoy, Dr. flmee, Dr. flnu, Dr. Sfierine, Dr. flnju, Dr. (Pretty, Dr. _7o6in, Dr. fPeeyusfi, Dr. Jes, Dr. Wandu, Dr. Korali, Dr. Smijin, Mrs. flnita, Mrs. Cliindu, Mr. Jayanarayanan, Mr. Wijif, Ms. ‘Ros/iini, Ms. Sliifpa and Mr. fljayan of Neuroscience Lafioratories and M..S'c. students of tfiis Department for tlieir friendsfiip, lielp and co-operation. ‘ffiankyou a[T for making my days at C"U.S‘fl‘T - a wonferfizf experience witfi your affection amffriemivfiip tfiat eacfi one fias sfiowerezf on me. I woulif like to tfiank_ 94:. Rpsfiny diafiy ‘Ifiomas, for nice compary in tlie liostef and’ making my stay very cfiee1_fii[ It is witfi great pleasure to express my sincere gratituzfe and appreciation to my dear frienzfr Ms. Meera, Mrs. ’Vanz{ana, Ms. flfima, Mrs Lakslimi, Mrs. <Dfianya, 9/ls Siiia, Ms. (Deeptfii, Mr. (Binoy, Mr. ®intu KG’, _‘Mr. .5'i6i, Mr. Krisfinakymar, Mr. flnu flnanzfanzfmr. Sifi[of_79V’17Bg9{I, Mr. Cliristo Rajan of 4{CC,, Mr. Wlieffiu ancf9Wr_7a66er anifms. flnusfia of (Department of Statistics, Mr. Jafieer, Mrs. ‘Teena (Department qffconomics, Mr. _(,'opi, Ms. Renjusfia, Ms. Cassie, Mr. Kiran, Mr. 7(_n'sfinaz{as anz{9Vlrs. Knsfinaveni, wfio motivateifanif stoozf Ey me in a[T my efforts Juring tfie course of my work, I wiff never forget tfie times you fiave spent to make me livefy and clieerfuf even in tfie cfouzfiest of my Jays. I tfiank_ a[T tfie teacliers of my scfioof Jays, graiuation anif post-gratfuation for inspinng ancf encouraging me. 1 was exjtremefy fortunate to Have sucli a fovefy family. Myjoy knew no 6ounz£s in expressing tlie fieartfeft tlianks to my Eefovezf parents, 91/lr. ]ose flosepfl and Mrs. Mariamma Jose. ‘lfiey fizft no stones untumear in making my career successfiif, resuft orientezfamffiumane, witfi enJuring and patient fi1lT manner tliey stoo¢{6y me Juring tfie ups amf downs of my life. ‘Ifiey fiave fieen se_l'fEss in giving me t/ie fiest of everytfiing anzf I express my deep gratitude for tfieir love witliout w/iicli t/its work_wou&{ not fiave Eeen compétear. I am deeply imfefitecf to my cfiar sister, Mrs. Jincy (Biju ‘Ifiomas amf firotlier in law Mr. (Biju (P ‘fliomas for motivating me in ejfectivety working anfaccomplisfiing my goa[ I tIiank_my niece little Maria, wlio was always Eefiinzf me witfi tfiousanir of curious questions on my tfiesis work; am{ my nepfiew C/ins 6a6e. I wisli anJ pray for tfie Blessings of my eternafgranzfparents wfio, /ias afways Been my guiding star tlirougfiout tfle journey of my life. jllro, I acknowfizdge all my refatives anzf fizmify fiiemfs for tfieir goof-will" ancf wisfies. Tinally, I woufif like to tfiank everyfioafy wfio was important to tfie successfuf realization of t/iis tfiesis. Inconvenience Jeeply regrettezffbr not mentioning anyfiozfy in my flcknowédgment. ABBREVIATIONS % Percentage ~< ApproximatelyLess than > Greater than 2 Greater than or equal to ‘C degree Celsius pg/mL Micrograml milliliter uL Microlitre pM Micromolar pm micrometre 2, 4-D 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid AFLP Amplified fragment length polymorphism ANOVA Analysis of variance AS Adenine sulphate ASSR Anchored simple sequence repeats ATP Adenine triphosphate BA benzyladenine BAP 6-Benzylaminopurine Cbp ControlBase pair CA Chlorogenic acid cm Centimeter Conc. Concentration CRD Completely randomized design CTAB Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide C uSO.
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  • A Revision of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia

    A Revision of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia

    Blumea 62, 2017: 58–74 ISSN (Online) 2212-1676 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917X695421 A revision of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia P.C. van Welzen1,2, F.S.T. Sweet1, F.J. Fernández-Casas3 Key words Abstract Jatropha, a widespread, species rich genus, ranges from the Americas and Caribbean to Africa and India. In Malesia five species occur, all of which were introduced and originated in Central and South America. The Euphorbiaceae five species are revised and an identification key, nomenclature, descriptions, distributions, ecology, vernacular introduced species names, uses and notes are provided. Special attention is given to the uses of J. curcas, because it is steadily gain- invasive species ing popularity as a potential biofuel plant and, because of that, is being cultivated more often. Jatropha Malesia Published on 20 April 2017 revision INTRODUCTION also used subgenera, sections and subsections (but excluded Cnidoscolus). Of the Malesian species only J. curcas is part of The genus Jatropha L. has recently gained increased interest subg. Curcas (Adans.) Pax sect. Curcas (Adans.) Griseb. The of the general public due to one of its species, J. curcas L., other four species are classified in subg. Jatropha. Within the of which the oil in the seeds is a new source of biofuel (e.g., latter subgenus J. gossypiifolia is part of sect. Jatropha subsect. Berchmans & Hirata 2008). Jatropha is a widely distributed Adenophorae Pax ex Dehgan & G.L.Webster (nom. inval., must genus, ranging from tropical America to Africa and India (Deh- be subsect. Jatropha); J.
  • Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Constituents of Leaves of Jatropha Multifida Linn. and Jatropha Podagrica Hook

    Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Constituents of Leaves of Jatropha Multifida Linn. and Jatropha Podagrica Hook

    Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2016; 5(2): 243-246 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2016; 5(2): 243-246 Pharmacognostic and phytochemical constituents of Received: 25-01-2016 Accepted: 27-02-2016 leaves of Jatropha multifida Linn. and Jatropha podagrica Hook Sallykutty Thomas Department of Botany, St.Dominic’s College, Sallykutty Thomas Kanjirapally, Kottayam 686512, Kerala, India. Abstract Pharmacognostic and phytochemical constituents of two species of the genus Jatropha which are widely used in traditional medicine were assessed and compared. The cells of adaxial and abaxial epidermises of both the plants were usually polygonal with straight anticlinal walls. Leaves were hypostomatic and predominantly paracytic. Cuticular papillae, idioblastic cells, stomatal constants, veinislet number, vein termination number and palisade ratio were enumerated. The leaves of J. multifida were characterized by amphibrachyparacytic and tetracytic stomata and contained flavones apigenin, acacetin and luteolin, phenolic acids such as vanillic, syringic, p- OH Benzoic acid, melilotic, cis and Trans ferulic, p- coumaric and phloretic acids, tannins, proanthocyanidins and glycoflavones. J. podagrica was different in having actinocytic and contiguous stomata, flavone 3’4’- di OMe luteolin in addition to the flavones and phenolic acids present in the former plant except p- OH Benzoic acid and phloretic acid. Powder analysis showed fragments of epidermal cells with papillae, calcium oxalate crystals, latex cells and fragments of vessel elements. Keywords: Jatropha, stomata, flavonoids, phenolic acids. 1. Introduction Jatropha L is a diverse and widespread genus of 175 species belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. J. multifida and J. podagrica are the two species are being used for the treatment of diseases such as fever, scabies, ulcers, wounds etc.
  • Jatropha Curcas)

    Jatropha Curcas)

    Chapter 3 Major Diseases of the Biofuel Plant, Physic Nut (Jatropha curcas) Alexandre Reis Machado and Olinto Liparini Pereira Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/52336 1. Introduction Worldwide, concern over the consequences of global warming has resulted in intensified searches for potential plants that couldsupply raw materials for producing renewable fuels. Therein, physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) has gained attention as a perennial culture that pro‐ duces seeds with high oil content and excellent properties. In addition to these attributes, many studies have describedphysic nut as a culture resistant to pests and disease. However, in recent years, the expansion of areas under cultivation has been accompanied by the ap‐ pearance of various diseases. Thus, this chapter aims to provide information about the main diseases that occur in physic nut and their diagnosis and to encourage further research on disease control. The existing literature contains various descriptions of the pathogens occurring in culture, most of which are caused by fungi, and of which we address the following: Glomerella cingu‐ lata (Ston.) Spauld. et Schrenk.;Psathyrella subcorticalis Speg.;Schizophyllum alneum L.;Aecidi‐ um cnidoscoli P. Henn.; Ramulariopsis cnidoscoli Speg.;Uromyces jatrophicola P. Henn. (Viégas 1961);Pestalotiopsis versicolor Speg.(Phillips 1975);Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.)Sacc.; Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butl.e Bisby.;Passalora ajrekari (Syd.) U. Braun (Freire & Parente 2006);Phakopsora arthuriana Buriticá & J.F. Hennen (Hennen et al. 2005);Cochliobolus spicifer Nelson (Mendes et al. 1998);Cercospora jatrophicola (Speg.) Chupp;Cercospora jatrophigenaU. Braun; Pseudocercospora jatrophae-curcas (J.M. Yen) Deighton; Pseudocercospora jatro‐ phae; Pseudocercospora jatropharum (Speg.) U.
  • Review on Phorbol Ester Degradation of Jatropha Seed Cake for Its Use As Animal Feed

    Review on Phorbol Ester Degradation of Jatropha Seed Cake for Its Use As Animal Feed

    International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN- 0975-1491 Vol 9, Issue 1, 2017 Review Article REVIEW ON PHORBOL ESTER DEGRADATION OF JATROPHA SEED CAKE FOR ITS USE AS ANIMAL FEED SHILPI AHLUWALIA1*, RAJKUMAR BIDLAN1, JAI GOPAL SHARMA1, PUSHPENDRA SINGH2 1Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India, 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India Email: [email protected] Received: 26 Sep 2016 Revised and Accepted: 27 0ct 2016 ABSTRACT Jatropha curcas is an oil-seed plant with good adaptability to grow in unfavourable conditions like infertile soil with scanty rainfall. It had been exploited for the extraction of oil for bio-diesel. The compressed seed cake, after the oil extraction, is a rich source of protein with certain toxic and anti-nutritional factors. The major toxins in the seed cake are phorbol esters and trypsin inhibitors that lead to various health problems if ingested. Even though the application of the various extracts carries a lot of beneficial advantages, yet the toxicity in oil and the compressed cake does not allow the by-products and the oil to be used elsewhere. Various physicochemical and biological methods have been described for the detoxification of Jatropha seed cake and oil of which the chemical extraction with methanol and ethanol have shown promising results in reducing the toxin contents by 97-100% while UV-irradiation reduced the phorbol esters completely. Submerged fermentation by Bacillus sp. achieved complete detoxification of phorbol esters within a week. A new strain was found to degrade the phorbol esters to phorbol, myristic acid and acetic acid within 12 h of incubation in submerged fermentation process.