Mylderets Struktur

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Mylderets Struktur Mylderets struktur En antropologisk studie av Eurovision Song Contest 2007 Guro Forren Sørensen Masteroppgave i sosialantropologi Sosialantropologisk Institutt UNIVERSITETET I OSLO VÅR 2008 2 3 Sammendrag Denne avhandlingen er basert på et seks måneder langt feltarbeid som i hovedsak ble utført under, og i forkant av, de norske delfinalene i Melodi Grand Prix og under den internasjonale finalen i Eurovision Song Contest i Helsingfors, Finland, våren 2007. Tema for avhandlingen er hvordan aktører var med på å opprettholde en sosial struktur i et fenomen som var mangfoldig, flyktig og komplekst. I avhandlingen viser jeg hvordan Eurovision Song Contest (ESC) var en flyktig sosial arena. På denne flyktige arenaen dannet individer sosiale relasjoner og nettverk. På en annen side var ESC en sosial arena hvor mine informanters samhandling fulgte en fast struktur og samhandlingsmønstre. European Broadcasting Union som eier rettighetene til konseptet la føringer for noe av samhandlingen på sosiale arenaer. Det ble altså lagt til rette for en sosial struktur som var svært forutsigbar, men jeg hevder at individenes egne interesser var med på å endre dette slik at de sosiale arenaene ble pragmatiske og uforutsigbare. Med utgangspunkt i de norske nasjonale finalene og den internasjonale finalen i Helsingfors viser jeg hvordan det å være vertskap, altså viktigheten av å vise seg frem som en god arrangør, var sentral i forbindelse med at arrangementet i seg selv viste seg å være selve målet. Med fokus på sosiale arrangement og møteplasser som folkefester og Euroclub, viser jeg hvordan mine informanter etablerte sosiale relasjoner og nettverk med hverandre. Akkrediteringen, altså tilgangen de ulike aktørene hadde, var med på å opprettholde en sosial struktur. I tillegg viser jeg hvordan promoteringsmaterialet hver enkelt delegasjon delte ut under finaleuken i Helsingfors, ga en indikator på delegasjonens interesse og glede over å være en del av arrangementet. 4 5 Forord Inspirasjonen og idéen til å gjøre dette prosjektet fikk jeg for noen år siden, da Arne Martin Klausen i en gjesteforelesning fortalte om det antropologiske prosjektet han hadde hatt under Lillehammer-OL i 1994. Jeg så flere likheter mellom lekene på Lillehammer og Eurovision Song Contest. Dette inspirerte meg til å fordype meg i Eurovision-verdenen, noe denne avhandlingen er et resultat av. Til tider har det vært en fornøyelse å skrive denne avhandlingen. Andre dager har vært tunge. Av den grunn er det flere jeg ønsker å takke for å ha motivert og støttet meg i denne prosessen. Først og fremst vil jeg takke informantene mine for at dere involverte meg i den omfangsrike ESC-hverdagen. Takk til Dag Hvaring og Eirin Grytbakk for å ta i mot meg på en sporty måte. Takk til veileder Odd Are Berkaak for faglig engasjement og motiverende veiledninger. Anne Leseth og Bente Nicolaisen fortjener også en stor takk for inspirerende seminarer. Takk til SAI- stipend for økonomisk støtte. En stor takk til Svanhild og Knut, Vibeke, Ann Katrin og Ingrid som ga meg husly mens jeg var på feltarbeid. Takk til mamma og pappa for at dere støtter meg i det jeg gjør og for strålende korrekturlesing. Takk til Ola for at du er storebror. Takk til gode venner for positive ord og mange klemmer. Mine medstudenter fortjener en spesiell takk for å ha gjort denne tiden til en uforglemmelig og storartet mastertid. Kjære Erik, takk for at du er en tålmodig gledesspreder! Oslo, mai 2008 Guro Forren Sørensen 6 7 Innhold SAMMENDRAG ..................................................................................................................................3 FORORD...............................................................................................................................................5 KAPITTEL 1 INNLEDNING ..............................................................................................................9 Tema og tilnærming....................................................................................................................10 Hva er EBU og ESC? .................................................................................................................12 ESC som mega-event og sosial struktur .....................................................................................14 Informanter.................................................................................................................................17 Tidligere forskning .....................................................................................................................19 Avhandlingens oppbygning ........................................................................................................19 KAPITTEL 2 FELTET OG METODISKE GREP..........................................................................21 Tilgang til feltet ..........................................................................................................................21 Flyktig og flersituert empirisk felt ..............................................................................................22 Utvalg av informanter ................................................................................................................24 Mine roller og feltnotater ...........................................................................................................25 Feltarbeid i ”eget” samfunn ......................................................................................................26 Avhandlingens begrensninger ....................................................................................................27 Etiske betraktninger....................................................................................................................28 KAPITTEL 3 ”MANN OG MUS HAR STÅTT PÅ HODET I UKEVIS” ....................................30 ”Hurra! Det er Grand Prix!”.....................................................................................................30 Avlyst folkefest............................................................................................................................33 ”Gratis fakler til alle som er med i fakkeltoget” ........................................................................34 8 ”Frivillige muliggjør MGP” ..................................................................................................... 39 KAPITTEL 4 SAMHANDLINGSMYLDER................................................................................... 44 Akkrediteringskortet .................................................................................................................. 46 ”Du må jo ikke ha badg’en i veska!” ........................................................................................ 48 Å mingle..................................................................................................................................... 55 Kommunikasjonskoder og smalltalk .......................................................................................... 59 “Neste år skal vi være den indre sirkelen”................................................................................ 63 Polyfone sosiale arenaer ........................................................................................................... 66 KAPITTEL 5 ARRANGEMENTET SOM MÅL............................................................................ 69 “My Visionary Dream, is my Eurovisionary dream” ................................................................ 70 Promoteringsmaterialet............................................................................................................. 73 Den norske latinosangen ........................................................................................................... 79 Å være vertskap.......................................................................................................................... 83 En by i ESC-ånd ........................................................................................................................ 86 KAPITTEL 6 “TRUE FANTASY, FANTASY CAME TRUE”..................................................... 91 Avsluttende bemerkninger ......................................................................................................... 92 KILDER.............................................................................................................................................. 95 Internett ................................................................................................................................... 102 Aviser....................................................................................................................................... 102 9 Kapittel 1 Innledning ”You are a part of the greatest music entertainment on earth. You are a part of history where Fantasy can be true” (Stockselius 2007). Hver vår arrangeres den internasjonale finalen i Eurovision Song Contest 1. I 2007 ble den avholdt i Helsingfors. 42 europeiske land deltok med hvert sitt musikalske bidrag, og hele arrangementet ble kringkastet på direktesendt tv til nær 100 millioner mennesker 2. I denne avhandlingen skal jeg vise at ESC var en mangfoldig sosial arena, og en møteplass mellom aktører som alle hadde forskjellige interesser og mål med sitt engasjement. Tema for denne avhandlingen er derfor hvordan aktørene i ESC opprettholdt en sosial struktur i et fenomen som var mangfoldig, flyktig og komplekst. Det er altså forholdet mellom det flyktige og det
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