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Central America Weather Hazards and Benefits Assessment
The MFEWS Central America Weather Hazards and Benefits Assessment For May 22 – May 28, 2008 1) Many localized areas of the Limon and Heredia provinces of Costa Rica, as well as the San Juan and Atlantic departments of Nicaragua are experiencing a 3-4 dekad late start to the Primera rains. In addition to a below-normal Apante season, the current lack of rainfall has affected April bean harvests, as well as emerging rice and maize crops. Hazards Assessment Text Explanation: Large scale ridging and dry air transport have resulted in the suppression of significant rainfall for much of Central America in the last seven days. The heaviest rainfall totals during the last observation period remained along the Pacific side of Central America, with totals ranging from 30 – 50 mm in the southern highlands of Guatemala and coastal areas near the Gulf of Nicoya in Costa Rica. In El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua, little to no rainfall accumulation in the last week has resulted in a continued delayed start of the Primera season in many areas, as precipitation totals have continued to drop further below normal. The Limon and Heredia provinces of Costa Rica, as well as, the Atlantic departments of Nicaragua near the San Juan River, have experienced the worst of the dryness as decreased soil water along the Costa Rica / Nicaragua border may impede the development of bean, rice, and sorghum crops over the next several weeks. Soil moisture deficits have also been felt in localized areas of the Chiriqui province in Panama due to the weak Primera rains. -
Basques in the Americas from 1492 To1892: a Chronology
Basques in the Americas From 1492 to1892: A Chronology “Spanish Conquistador” by Frederic Remington Stephen T. Bass Most Recent Addendum: May 2010 FOREWORD The Basques have been a successful minority for centuries, keeping their unique culture, physiology and language alive and distinct longer than any other Western European population. In addition, outside of the Basque homeland, their efforts in the development of the New World were instrumental in helping make the U.S., Mexico, Central and South America what they are today. Most history books, however, have generally referred to these early Basque adventurers either as Spanish or French. Rarely was the term “Basque” used to identify these pioneers. Recently, interested scholars have been much more definitive in their descriptions of the origins of these Argonauts. They have identified Basque fishermen, sailors, explorers, soldiers of fortune, settlers, clergymen, frontiersmen and politicians who were involved in the discovery and development of the Americas from before Columbus’ first voyage through colonization and beyond. This also includes generations of men and women of Basque descent born in these new lands. As examples, we now know that the first map to ever show the Americas was drawn by a Basque and that the first Thanksgiving meal shared in what was to become the United States was actually done so by Basques 25 years before the Pilgrims. We also now recognize that many familiar cities and features in the New World were named by early Basques. These facts and others are shared on the following pages in a chronological review of some, but by no means all, of the involvement and accomplishments of Basques in the exploration, development and settlement of the Americas. -
Reconstructing the Population History of Nicaragua by Means of Mtdna, Y-Chromosome Strs, and Autosomal STR Markers
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 143:591–600 (2010) Reconstructing the Population History of Nicaragua by Means of mtDNA, Y-Chromosome STRs, and Autosomal STR Markers Carolina Nun˜ ez,1* Miriam Baeta,1 Cecilia Sosa,1 Yolanda Casalod,1 Jianye Ge,2,3 Bruce Budowle,2,3 and Begon˜ a Martı´nez-Jarreta1 1Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain 2Institute of Investigative Genetics, Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Ft Worth, TX 76107 3Department of Forensic and Investigative Genetics, Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Ft Worth, TX 76107 KEY WORDS Central America; genetic admixture; Mestizos; Native Americans ABSTRACT Before the arrival of the Spaniards in the maternal lineages, whereas the majority of Nicara- Nicaragua, diverse Native American groups inhabited guan Y chromosome haplogroups can be traced back to a the territory. In colonial times, Native Nicaraguan popu- West Eurasian origin. Pairwise Fst distances based on Y- lations interacted with Europeans and slaves from STRs between Nicaragua and European, African and Africa. To ascertain the extent of this genetic admixture Native American populations show that Nicaragua is and provide genetic evidence about the origin of the Nic- much closer to Europeans than the other populations. araguan ancestors, we analyzed the mitochondrial con- Additionally, admixture proportions based on autosomal trol region (HVSI and HVSII), 17 Y chromosome STRs, STRs indicate a predominantly Spanish contribution. and 15 autosomal STRs in 165 Mestizo individuals from Our study reveals that the Nicaraguan Mestizo popula- Nicaragua. To carry out interpopulation comparisons, tion harbors a high proportion of European male and HVSI sequences from 29 American populations were Native American female substrate. -
Información Básica Sobre La Asamblea Legislativa De La República De Costa Rica
INFORMACIÓN BASICA mayo 2019 Departamento de Relaciones Públicas, Prensa y Protocolo Departamento de Relaciones Públicas, Prensa y Protocolo de la Asamblea Legislativa 2 Información Básica Departamento de Relaciones Públicas, Prensa y Protocolo de la Asamblea Legislativa Índice GUÍA DE DIPUTADOS Y DIPUTADAS ...................................................................................................... 5 INFORMACIÓN BÁSICA .......................................................................................................................... 9 Importancia del 1 de mayo ..................................................................................................................9 Funciones de la Asamblea Legislativa ................................................................................................9 Sesión del 1 de mayo .......................................................................................................................... 10 Protocolo de instalación ..................................................................................................................... 10 Ubicación del Directorio ..................................................................................................................... 10 Firma del Acta de Instalación ............................................................................................................ 10 Comunicación a los Supremos Poderes .......................................................................................... 11 La elección del -
China-Venezuela Economic Relations: Hedging Venezuelan Bets with Chinese Characteristics1
Latin American Program | Kissinger Institute | February 2019 Chinese President Xi Jinping, right, shakes hands with Venezuela’s President Nicolás Maduro, Sept. 22, 2013. © Lintao Zhang / AP Photo China-Venezuela Economic Relations: 1 Hedging Venezuelan Bets with Chinese Characteristics LATIN AMERICAN PROGRAM LATIN AMERICAN PROGRAM Stephen B. Kaplan and Michael Penfold KISSINGER INSTITUTE Tens of thousands of Venezuelans raised their hands toward the sky on January 23, 2019, to offer solidarity to legislative leader, Juan Guaidó, who declared himself interim president of LATIN AMERICAN PROGRAM Venezuela during a rally demanding President Nicolás Maduro’s resignation. Refusing to rec- ognize the legitimacy of Maduro’s May 2018 re-election, Guaidó cited his constitutional duty as the head of the National Assembly to fill the presidential vacancy until new elections were called. Hand in hand with Guaidó, the United States unequivocally supported his declaration, recognizing him as Venezuela’s head of state. Backed by Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Co- lombia, Israel, and Peru, President Trump said he would “use the full weight of United States economic and diplomatic power to press for the restoration of Venezuelan democracy.” More recently, Spain, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany also recognized Guaidó as interim president after Maduro failed to call new elections. The United States also backed its position with some economic muscle, imposing sanctions on Venezuela’s state-owned oil company, Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PdVSA), saying that all PdVSA assets, including its oil sale pro- ceeds, will be frozen in U.S. jurisdictions. 1 The authors would like to thank Cindy Arnson and Robert Daly for their insightful commentary about China-Latin American relations, Marcin Jerzewski, Beverly Li, and Giorgos Morakis for their superb research assistance, and Orlando Ochoa, Francisco Monaldi, and Francisco Rodríguez for invaluable conversations about the current state of the Venezuelan economy and oil sector. -
Leptospirosis Outbreaks in Nicaragua: Identifying Critical Areas and Exploring Drivers for Evidence-Based Planning
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2012, 9, 3883-3910; doi:10.3390/ijerph9113883 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ISSN 1660-4601 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph Article Leptospirosis Outbreaks in Nicaragua: Identifying Critical Areas and Exploring Drivers for Evidence-Based Planning Maria Cristina Schneider 1,*, Patricia Nájera 1, Sylvain Aldighieri 1, Jorge Bacallao 2, Aida Soto 3, Wilmer Marquiño 3, Lesbia Altamirano 3, Carlos Saenz 4, Jesus Marin 4, Eduardo Jimenez 4, Matthew Moynihan 1 and Marcos Espinal 1 1 Pan American Health Organization, Health Surveillance and Disease Prevention and Control, 525 23rd. St. NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA; E-Mails: [email protected] (P.N.); [email protected] (S.A.); [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (M.E.) 2 University of Medical Sciences ofHabana, Research and Reference Center of Atherosclerosis of Havana, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Tulipán y Panorama, Plaza, La Habana, Cuba; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Pan American Health Organization Nicaragua, PO Box 1309, Managua, Nicaragua; E-Mails: [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (W.M.); [email protected] (L.A.) 4 Ministry of Health of Nicaragua, Costado Oeste Colonia Primero de Mayo, PO Box 107, Managua, Nicaragua; E-Mails: [email protected] (C.S.); [email protected] (J.M.); [email protected] (E.J.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-202-974-3190; Fax: +1-202-974-3632. Received: 13 July 2012; in revised form: 21 September 2012 / Accepted: 24 September 2012 / Published: 26 October 2012 Abstract: Leptospirosis is an epidemic-prone zoonotic disease that occurs worldwide. -
Geonomenclature Applicable to European Statistics on International Trade in Goods 2017 Edition Geonomenclature Applicable to European Stat
Geonomenclature applicable to European statistics on international trade in goods 2017 edition Geonomenclature applicable to European stat. on international trade in goods in trade international on stat. European to applicable Geonomenclature 2 017 edition 017 MANUALS AND GUIDELINES Geonomenclature applicable to European statistics on international trade in goods 2017 edition Manuscript completed in October 2017. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of the following information. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2017 © European Union, 2017 Reuse is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. The reuse policy of European Commission documents is regulated by Decision 2011/833/EU (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). Copyright for photographs: © Shutterstock/Hurst Photo For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EU copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. For more information, please consult: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/about/policies/copyright The information and views set out in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. Print ISBN 978-92-79-73479-3 ISSN 2363-197X doi:10.2785/588839 KS-GQ-17-011-EN-C PDF ISBN 978-92-79-73478-6 ISSN 2315-0815 doi:10.2785/02445 KS-GQ-17-011-EN-N Contents Contents Contents ........................................................................................................................................................... -
Languages, Countries and Codes (LCCTM)
Date: September 2017 OBJECT MANAGEMENT GROUP Languages, Countries and Codes (LCCTM) Version 1.0 – Beta 2 _______________________________________________ OMG Document Number: ptc/2017-09-04 Standard document URL: http://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/1.0/ Normative Machine Consumable File(s): http://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/Languages/LanguageRepresentation.rdf http://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/201 708 01/Languages/LanguageRepresentation.rdf http://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/Languages/ISO639-1-LanguageCodes.rdf http://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/201 708 01/Languages/ISO639-1-LanguageCodes.rdf http://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/Languages/ISO639-2-LanguageCodes.rdf http://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/201 708 01/Languages/ISO639-2-LanguageCodes.rdf http://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/Countries/CountryRepresentation.rdf http://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/20170801/Countries/CountryRepresentation.rdf http://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/Countries/ISO3166-1-CountryCodes.rdf http://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/201 708 01/Countries/ISO3166-1-CountryCodes.rdf http://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/Countries/ISO3166-2-SubdivisionCodes.rdf http://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/201 708 01/Countries/ISO3166-2-SubdivisionCodes.rdf http://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/Countries/ UN-M49-RegionCodes .rdf http://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/201 708 01/Countries/ UN-M49-Region Codes.rdf http://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/201 708 01/Languages/LanguageRepresentation.xml http://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/201 708 01/Languages/ISO639-1-LanguageCodes.xml http://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/201 708 01/Languages/ISO639-2-LanguageCodes.xml http://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/201 708 01/Countries/CountryRepresentation.xml http://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/201 708 01/Countries/ISO3166-1-CountryCodes.xml http://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/201 708 01/Countries/ISO3166-2-SubdivisionCodes.xml http://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/201 708 01/Countries/ UN-M49-Region Codes. -
Climate Prediction Center's Central America Hazards Outlook June 12
Climate Prediction Center’s Central America Hazards Outlook June 12 – June 18, 2014 Torrential rains due to the remnants of Tropical Storm Boris caused flooding across Guatemala. 3) Extended dry spells and below- average rains have led to substantial 1) Above-average rains over the past seasonal rainfall deficits and poor several weeks have led to high moisture ground conditions in southern Honduras surpluses across much of Guatemala. The and the Chinandega, Madriz and Nueva heavy rains have already caused Segovia and Estelí departments of landslides in the Huehuetenango northern Nicaragua. The drought department and elevated river levels conditions have negatively impacted throughout Guatemala. The potential for corn and coffee production. additional heavy rainfall during the next week is expected to sustain the risk for localized river/flash flooding and landslides in Guatemala. 2) Poorly distributed rainfall since the beginning of March has led to growing moisture deficits and deteriorating ground conditions across several departments in southern Honduras and Nicaragua. Cropping activities could be negatively impacted should rains remain below- average. Abundant rainfall across northern Central America led to flooding during the past week. During the past week, copious amounts of rain (>75mm) were reported across Guatemala, Belize, western Honduras and western El Salvador. The highest precipitation totals were recorded along the Pacific coastline of Guatemala (~300mm in San Jose, Guatemala). The torrential rains caused landslides and flash/river flooding in the Alta Verapaz, Chimaltenango, Solola, Escuintla, Izabal and Petén departments of Guatemala. The past week’s rain followed several weeks of above-average rains which raised rivers above alert level in the Petén, San Marcos, Zacapa, Santa Rosa and Izabal departments of Guatemala and caused landslides in the Huehuetenango department. -
BOLETÍN DE LA ACADEMIA COSTARRICENSE DE CIENCIAS GENEALÓGICAS No
1 BOLETÍN DE LA ACADEMIA COSTARRICENSE DE CIENCIAS GENEALÓGICAS No. 121 [edición extraordinaria] Tercera época – Febrero, 2018 ISSN: 1659-3537 Contenido: Carta del Editor Genealogía Esclavos, india y conquistadores destacan en genealogía de candidatos presidenciales 2018 2 CARTA DEL EDITOR El Boletín de la Academia Costarricense de Ciencias Genealógicas es una de las principales herramientas de comunicación de nuestra institución desde inicio de la década de 1990. Precisamente por esta razón, nos esmeramos por informar sobre los principales trabajos genealógicos que se publican fuera de nuestros medios. De tal manera que en esta edición extra de nuestro boletín, presentamos el trabajo del académico Mauricio Meléndez Obando sobre los siete candidatos que contaban con mayor intención de voto para las pasadas elecciones del 4 de febrero. El académico Meléndez Obando había publicado una versión en la edición de papel del semanario El Financiero, número 1166 (3-9 de febrero), y una versión más extensa en el sitio web del citado periódico. Además, había elaborado un texto aparte con algunas curiosidades genealógicas sobre estos aspirantes. La versión publicada por El Financiero en la web se puede ver en https://www.elfinancierocr.com/economia-y-politica/esclavos-india- y-conquistadores-destacan- en/B4W53MHPZRBYNH2DEBAJXQDZYM/story/. Presentamos a nuestros académicos y público en general una versión que reúne toda la información de este interesante trabajo. Julio E. Revollo Acosta Editor *************** Comité Editorial Tomás Federico Arias Castro Mauricio Meléndez Obando Gustavo Naranjo Chacón Julio Ernesto Revollo Acosta Luis Carlos Serrano Madrigal 3 Esclavos, india y conquistadores destacan en genealogía de candidatos De alguna manera, aspirantes a la Presidencia sintetizan 457 años de historia familiar costarricense. -
DPCC Country Codes V1.2 (PDF)
DPCC Country Codes List v1.2 DPCC Country Codes List v1.2 - ISO 3166 Standard DPCC State Province Codes List v1.2 - ISO 3166-2 Standard ISO Country Name ISO Country Code NCBI Country Name ISO Country Name ISO Country Code ISO State Province Code ISO State Province Name Afghanistan AFG Afghanistan United States of America USA US-AL Alabama Aland Islands ALA United States of America USA US-AK Alaska Albania ALB Albania United States of America USA US-AZ Arizona Algeria DZA Algeria United States of America USA US-AR Arkansas American Samoa ASM American Samoa United States of America USA US-CA California Andorra AND Andorra United States of America USA US-CO Colorado Angola AGO Angola United States of America USA US-CT Connecticut Anguilla AIA Anguilla United States of America USA US-DE Delaware Antarctica ATA Antarctica United States of America USA US-DC District of Columbia Antigua and Barbuda ATG Antigua and Barbuda United States of America USA US-FL Florida Argentina ARG Argentina United States of America USA US-GA Georgia Armenia ARM Armenia United States of America USA US-HI Hawaii Aruba ABW Aruba United States of America USA US-ID Idaho Australia AUS Australia United States of America USA US-IL Illinois Austria AUT Austria United States of America USA US-IN Indiana Azerbaijan AZE Azerbaijan United States of America USA US-IA Iowa Bahamas BHS Bahamas United States of America USA US-KS Kansas Bahrain BHR Bahrain United States of America USA US-KY Kentucky Bangladesh BGD Bangladesh United States of America USA US-LA Louisiana Barbados -
Final Report
JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS, TRANSPORT AND HOUSING (SOPTRAVI) MINISTRY OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION (SETCO) NATIONAL EMERGENCY COMMITTEE (COPECO) NATIONAL SERVICE AUTHORITY FOR WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE (SANAA) MIINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT (SERNA) MUNICIPALITY OF THE CENTRAL DISTRICT (AMDC) THE STUDY ON FLOOD CONTROL AND LANDSLIDE PREVENTION IN TEGUCIGALPA METROPOLITAN AREA OF THE REPUBLIC OF HONDURAS FINAL REPORT MAIN REPORT MAY 2002 PACIFIC CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL NIKKEN CONSULTANTS, INC. Foreign Currency Exchange Rates Applied in the Study Currency Exchange Rate/USD Honduran Lempiras (Lps) 15.84 Japanese Yen (JPY) 122.44 (Rate as of November 1, 2001) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY FLOOD/LANDSLIDE DAMAGE MITIGATION MASTER PLAN 1. EXISTING PROBLEMS AND TARGETS OF THE MASTER PLAN The study revealed that 30% of the Target Area for Disaster Prevention is occupied by flood or landslide hazardous area and 15% of the total population live in those dangerous areas. The target of the Master Plan is to minimize the damage and avoid any loss of human lives by flood and landslide even with a hurricane of the Mitch scale. In order to attain this goal, a master plan composed of non-structural measures and structural measures was formulated. 2. MASTER PLAN PROJECTS The Master Plan has been planned to achieve the targets by the projects in Table 1. Table 1 Mater Plan Projects Flood Damage Mitigation Landslide Damage Mitigation Common Choluteca River Improvement Berrinche (target: 15-year flood) Structural Reparto - Measures Pescado Lake Outlet Improvement Bambu Watershed Management Non-structural Land Use Plan/ Land Use Land Use Plan/ Land Use Education/Enlightenment/Training Measures Regulation Regulation (including preparation and publication of hazard maps) Structural Code Application Forecasting/Warning/Evacuation Disaster Management Forecasting/Warning/Evacuation Information System 3.