Evaluation of Belgian Clays for Manufacturing Compressed Earth Blocks Lavie A
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An Update of the Lithostratigraphy of the Ieper Group
1 1 Proposal Lithostratigraphy Ieper Group 06/2016 2 3 An update of the lithostratigraphy of the Ieper 4 Group. 5 6 Etienne Steurbaut, Marleen De Ceukelaire, Tim Lanckacker, Johan Matthijs, 7 Peter Stassen, Hervé Van Baelen, Noël Vandenberghe 8 9 To refer to the present document in publications use the following reference : 10 Steurbaut, E. , De Ceukelaire,M., Lanckacker T., Matthijs, J., Stassen, P., Van Baelen H., 11 Vandenberghe, N., 2016. Lithostratigraphy Ieper Group. 12 http://ncs.naturalsciences.be/Paleogene‐Neogene/proposals‐and‐discussions. 13 14 15 Table of Contents 16 17 An update of the lithostratigraphy of the Ieper Group. ............................................................ 1 18 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 7 19 Context of the review. ............................................................................................................ 8 20 The use of geophysical well logs and a compendium of reference logs. ............................... 9 21 Relationship between lithostratigraphy and bio‐chronostratigraphy. ................................ 10 22 IEPER GROUP ............................................................................................................................ 11 23 Authors: ................................................................................................................................ 11 24 Description: ......................................................................................................................... -
Review the Mineralogy of Suspended Matter, Fresh and Cenozoic Sediments in the fluvio-Deltaic Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt–Ems Area, the Netherlands: an Overview and Review
Netherlands Journal of Geosciences — Geologie en Mijnbouw |95 – 1 | 23–107 | 2016 doi:10.1017/njg.2015.32 Review The mineralogy of suspended matter, fresh and Cenozoic sediments in the fluvio-deltaic Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt–Ems area, the Netherlands: An overview and review J. Griffioen1,∗,G.Klaver2 &W.E.Westerhoff3 1 TNO Geological Survey of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 80 015, 3508 TA Utrecht, the Netherlands and Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80 115, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands 2 Formerly BRGM, Laboratories Division, 3 av. C. Guillemin, BP36009, 45060 Orleans, France; Le Studium, CNRS, Orleans, France; TNO Geological Survey of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 80 015, 3508 TA Utrecht, the Netherlands 3 TNO Geological Survey of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 80 015, 3508 TA Utrecht, the Netherlands ∗ Corresponding author. Email: jasper.griffi[email protected] Manuscript received: 18 March 2015, accepted: 13 October 2015 Abstract Minerals are the building blocks of clastic sediments and play an important role with respect to the physico-chemical properties of the sediment and the lithostratigraphy of sediments. This paper aims to provide an overview of the mineralogy (including solid organic matter) of sediments as well as suspended matter as found in the Netherlands (and some parts of Belgium). The work is based on a review of the scientific literature published over more than 100 years. Cenozoic sediments are addressed together with suspended matter and recent sediments of the surface water systems because they form a geoscientific continuum from material subject to transport via recently settled to aged material. -
Bankfull Discharge Recurrence Interval in Gravel-Bed Rivers
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS, VOL 22, 685±693 (1997) BANKFULL DISCHARGE RECURRENCE INTERVAL IN GRAVEL-BED RIVERS F. PETIT* AND A. PAUQUET Department of Physical Geography, University of LiÁege, Institut de GÂeographie, AllÂee du AoÃut, 2, Sart Tilman, BÃatiment B11, B4000 LiÁege, Belgium Received 17 February 1995; Revised 22 August 1996; Accepted 31 August 1996 ABSTRACT Bankfull discharge was identi®ed in some 30 gravel-bed rivers representing in total c. 40 gauging stations. The catchment sizes vary from 4km2 to nearly 2700km2. Bankfull discharge value increases with basin size. In the case of gravel-bed 1´044 rivers developed on an impermeable substratum, the following equation emerges: Qb=0´087 A . Bankfull discharge recurrence interval was determined by ®tting maximum annual ¯oods (Ta) into Gumbel's distribution and then using the partial duration series (Tp) in this same distribution. Recurrence interval is below 0´7 years (Tp) for small pebble-bed rivers developed on an impermeable substratum; it reaches 1´1 to 1´5 years when the catchment size of these rivers exceeds 250km2. Rivers incised in the soft schists of the Famenne show larger channel capacity at bankfull stage, a small width/ depth ratio and thus higher recurrence intervals (1´4±5´3 years with Ta and 1±4´4 years with Tp). Base¯ow-dominated gravel-bed streams and sandy or silty rivers experience less frequent bankfull discharges, with a recurrence interval higher than 2 or even 3 years (Tp). 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Earth surf. process. landforms, 22, 685±693 (1997) No. of ®gures: 5 No. -
Stratigraphic Architecture of the Upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic Along the Southern Border of the North Sea Basin in Belgium
Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw 83 (3): 155-171 (2004) Stratigraphic architecture of the Upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic along the southern border of the North Sea Basin in Belgium N. Vandenberghe1, S.Van Simaeys1, E. Steurbaut2'1, J.W.M. Jagt3 & P. J. Felder3 1 Historical Geology, Redingenstraat 16, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected] (corresponding author) 2 Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium 3 Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht, De Bosquetplein 6, NL-6211 KJ Maastricht, The Netherlands Manuscript received: February 2004; accepted: August 2004 Abstract The Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic sedimentary record in the Campine Basin along the southern border of the North Sea Basin is analysed in terms of sequence stratigraphy. All available biostratigraphic, and in some cases, magnetostratigraphic data are used to constrain the sequence chronostratigraphy. The relative geographic extent of the strata is used as an indication of the relative sea level. Tectonic and eustatic components could be distinguished in several cases using regional geological information. Generally, sequences consist of transgressive and highstand systems tracts only and have flat, abrasion- type lower boundaries. Lowstand deposits are only identified as infill of erosional space, which generally implies marked tectonic uplift. Several eustatic and tectonic events can be correlated with similar events known elsewhere in the North Sea Basin. The time intervals spanned by the different sequences vary considerably, pointing out different control mechanisms. Keywords: Sequence stratigraphy, North Sea Basin, Late Cretaceous, Cenozoic Introduction The analysis presented below starts with the Santonian, when subsidence resumed in the Campine The study area is situated at the southern part of die Basin, and ends in die Pliocene. -
A New Lithostratigraphic Scale for the Palaeogene of Belgium
Bulletin de la Société belge de Géologie, T. 102 (1-2), 1993, pp. 215-229. Bulletin van de Belgische Vereniging voor Geologie. Ed. 1994 A NEW LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC SCALE FOR THE PALAEOGENE OF BELGIUM by R. MARECHAL' ABSTRACT The study of the Belgian Tertiary started more than 150 years ago. Since that time such an enormous amount of data has been gathered, that the commission in charge of the revision of the stratigraphic scale of the Belgian Tertiary decided to limit its activity to the elaboration of a lithostratigraphic scale according to the rules of the IUGS International Subcommission on Stratigraphic Classification. The fundamental unit of such a classification system is the Formation and therefore much attention has been given to Formation names. Some of these names are in use since a very long time, others are new. Preference has been given to names of well known localities situated within the main outcrop areas of the Formation under consideration. Formations may be completely or partially subdivided into Members or may remain undivided. Member names have been selected according the same rules as Formation names. Since members are mostly homogeneous in lithology the Member name may be followed by a rock or sediment name (Vlierzele sand, Asse clay). Most formations have been assembled into Groups. Group names should be considered as tentative. It is questionable whether an internationally admitted chronostratigraphic name (Rupelian, Ypresian) may also be used as a Group name (Rupel, Ieper). The efforts of the National Commission for Stratigraphy of the Tertiary resulted in a proposal for a lithostratigraphic scale for the Palaeogene, which was distributed to a limited number of persons in 1988 and discussed consecutively. -
Alisocysta Margarita Zone, 213-14, 220 Angulata Zone, 244
Index Acadian Orogeny, 198 bed forms accommodation space migration, 44 and accumulation rates, 104 wave-modified, 52 condensed sections, 81 Beinn Iaruinn Quartzite, 262, 264 and cyclothems, 69 Belemnite Bed, 238, 244-5, 251 depositional response, 267 Belgium, 213 ooid shoals, 66 berthierine, 98-100 overprinting, 71 Binnein Quartzite, 266 and oxygen conditions, 82 biostratigraphic zones acritarchs, 206 Kimmeridge Clay, 87 Agat, 150, 159-61 Portlandian, 111 aggradation Turonian, 181, 183 Kimmeridge Clay, 83 biostratigraphical control, 2 Palaeocene, 223 biostratigraphical gaps, 111, 113 shelf margins, 37 bioturbation, 70, 91, 131 tidal flats, 71 Birnbeck Limestone Formation, 67, 69-70 albaniZone, 109, 115, 118, 123, 137 Bituminous Shales, 84, 238, 239 algaenans, 90 black shales, 77, 80, 82 Alisocysta margarita Zone, 213-14, 220 Black Ven Marls, 244, 248 allocycles, 72 Blea Wyke Sandstone Formation, 239, 248 Allt Goibhre Formation, 262, 264 Blue Lias, 82, 244-5,248 Alpine tectonics, 224 Blyth-Acklington dyke, 225 Alum Shales, 239 bone-beds, 98 Amazon Fan, 159 environments, 103 ammonites, 41-2, 48, 56, 109, 178 geochemistry, 101 biostratigraphy, 181, 231 bottom currents, 150, 159 amorphous organic matter, 77, 89-90 bottom water, volume, 82-3 Anglo-Paris Basin, 218 Boulonnais, 83, 85 anguiformis Zone, 131, 133, 139 brachiopods, 206 angulata Zone, 244 Branscombe Hardground, 193 anoxia, 81-2, 218 Breathitt Group, 36 and uranium, 235 British Tertiary Igneous Province, 224-6 apatite, 100-1,103 Bronnant Fault, 205 Apectodinium hyperacanthum Zone, -
Country Pasture/Forage Resource Profiles BELGIUM
Country Pasture/Forage Resource Profiles BELGIUM by Alain Peeters The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO. All rights reserved. FAO encourages the reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Non-commercial uses will be authorized free of charge, upon request. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes, including educational purposes, may incur fees. Applications for permission to reproduce or disseminate FAO copyright materials, and all queries concerning rights and licences, should be addressed by e-mail to [email protected] or to the Chief, Publishing Policy and Support Branch, Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy. © FAO 2010 3 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 5 Country location 5 2. SOILS AND TOPOGRAPHY 8 Topography and geology 8 Soil types 10 3. CLIMATE AND AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES 11 Climate 11 Geographical regions 13 Agro-ecological regions 14 Forests 22 4. -
Early Geothermal Exploration in the Netherlands 1980 - 2000
European Geothermal Congress 2019 Den Haag, The Netherlands, 11-14 June 2019 Early Geothermal Exploration in the Netherlands 1980 - 2000 F. Charles Dufour1, Jan Piet Heederik1 1 Former Groundwater Survey TNO - TNO Institute of Applied Geoscience [email protected] (main author) [email protected] (contact person) 1. INTRODUCTION Figure 2: Development of consumer price of gas in €ct per m3 in the Netherlands (1980 - 2010) From the point of view of introduction of geothermal energy in the Netherlands, the period, presented in this paper, was characterised by the following influential aspects. – Geothermal energy had to be an economic attractive alternative for the existing energy sources. Environmental aspects became an aspect of influence only after 1993. – Very restricted knowledge of reservoir characteristics of those formations with a potential for exploitation of geothermal energy was available. – Lack of any cooperation or support by the operating oil companies to submit the necessary more detailed Source: Several. Based on CBS information regarding reservoir characteristics in the period under consideration. Figure 3: Greenhouse gas price in €ct per m3 in the – Lack of any cooperation or support by the existing Netherlands (1975 - 1989) energy supply companies to give room to a demonstration project or to an introduction in housing areas under construction in the period under consideration. It was only in cooperation with ‘Nutsbedrijf Westland N.V.’ NBW that an energy supply company fully cooperated in the preparation of a geothermal project (1992). – Restraint with respect to the possibilities to exploit sandstone reservoirs for geothermal energy, based on experiences in France, where production occurred from carbonate reservoirs and tests of siliciclastic reservoirs had failed. -
Country Overview
Belgium Overview This document provides an overview of LIFE in Belgium. It showcases key data and some of the latest LIFE projects. You will also find contact details and other useful resources and a full list of current and recently-finished LIFE projects. Every year calls for project proposals are launched covering the LIFE programme’s priority areas. ABOUT LIFE The LIFE programme is the EU's funding instrument for the environment and climate action. It has been running since 1992 and has co-financed more than 4 500 projects across the EU and in third countries, mobilising over €9 billion and contributing more than €4 billion to the protection of the environment and climate. The budget for the LIFE programme for 2014–2020 is set at €3.4 billion in current prices, with a sub-programme for environment and a sub-programme for climate action. Types of LIFE project: Other types of LIFE funding: Traditional (Environment and Resource Efficiency; Nature NGO operating grants and Biodiversity; Environmental Governance and Natural Capital Financing Facility (NCFF) Information; Climate Change Mitigation; Climate Change Private Finance for Energy Efficiency (PF4EE) Adaptation; Climate Governance and Information). Integrated (Environment, Nature or Climate Action) NCFF and PF4EE are joint initiatives with the European Preparatory Investment Bank, which manages the two funds. Capacity-building For more information visit: http://ec.europa.eu/life Last update: 21/11/18 European Commission/EASME (http://ec.europa.eu/life/) – Page 1 – LIFE Environment and Resource Efficiency This LIFE priority area is aimed at developing, testing and demonstrating best practices, solutions and integrated approaches to environmental challenges, as well as improving the related knowledge base. -
The Composite Kortrijk Section (W Belgium): a Key Reference for Mid-Ypresian (Early Eocene) Stratigraphy in the Southern North S
GEOLOGICA BELGICA (2017) 20/3-4: 125-159 The composite Kortrijk section (W Belgium): a key reference for mid-Ypresian (Early Eocene) stratigraphy in the southern North Sea Basin Etienne STEURBAUT1 & Chris KING2† 1 Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directory Earth and History of Life, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels and KU Leuven, Belgium; [email protected] 2† Chris King sadly passed away while this paper was in its final stage. It is dedicated to his memory, in recognition of his lifetime achievements in stratigraphy and biostratigraphy and to his great love and fascination for the Ypresian strata of Belgium. ABSTRACT. The upper part of the Kortrijk Clay Formation (the Roubaix Clay and Aalbeke Clay Members of mid-Ypresian age) has been exposed in road and canal cuttings and clay quarries in the Kortrijk area (western Belgium), and penetrated by several cored boreholes. It is overlain disconformably by the Mont-Panisel Sand Member of the Hyon Sand Formation (upper middle Ypresian). The Roubaix Clay Member contains diverse and well-preserved calcareous nannofossils, dinoflagellate cysts, foraminifera, ostracods and other calcitic microfossils, and less well-preserved mollusc assemblages, while the Aalbeke Clay Member is secondarily decalcified. The calcareous nannofossil subdivision of upper NP11 and lower NP12 has been recognised in the Kortrijk area, and calibrated with the NW European mid-Ypresian dinoflagellate cyst, ostracod and planktonic foraminiferal zones and datums (e.g. Subbotina influx). Several medium-scale depositional sequences, with an estimated duration of 400 kyr or less, have been recorded. Their respective boundaries coincide with the resistivity maxima identified on the majority of the wireline log profiles of the Belgian Ypresian. -
The Belgian Millipede Fauna (Diplopoda)
I I BULLETIN DE L'INSTITUT ROYAL DES SCIENCES NATURELLES DE BELGIQUE ENTOMOLOGIE, 74: 35-68, 200ll BULLETIN VAN HET KONINKLIJK BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR NATUURWETENSCHAPPEN ENTOMOLOGIE, 74: 35-68, 2004 The Belgian Millipede Fauna (Diplopoda) by R. Desmond KIME Summary (BIERNAUX, 1972) and the first Belgian millipede atlas concerning these two groups (BIERNAUX, 1971). Between The work done in the past on Belgian millipedes is briefly reviewed 1977 and 1980 MARQUET made a huge collection of soil and previous publications on the subject are cited. A check-list of Belgian Diplopoda is given. Biogeographical districts of Belgium are invertebrates taken from all regions of the country for the indicated and the distribution of millipedes within these is noted. Each Belgian Royal Institute ofNatural Science, the millipedes spedes is reviewed; its distribution in Belgium is related to its of which I identified and catalogued at the request of European geographical range and to knowledge of its ecology. Maps of distribution within Belgium are presented. There is discussion of the Dr Leon BAERT. My own collecting in Belgium began in origins, evolution and community composition of the Belgian milli 1974 and has continued to the present day. Detailed pede fauna. ecological studies were carried out from 1977 onwards, based in the laboratory of Professor Key words: Diplopoda, Belgium, check-list, biogeography, ecology, Philippe LEBRUN at faunal origins. Louvain-la-Neuve, some of these with colleagues at Gembloux, and at the Belgian Royal Institute of Natural Science. These studies gave rise to a number of publica tions adding to the knowledge of the Belgian fauna (KIME Introduction & WAUTHY, 1984; BRANQUART, 1991; KIME, 1992; KIME et al., 1992; BRANQUART et al., 1995, KIME, 1997). -
Weekly News - 2018 / 05
GeoKatalog 2 page 1 • February 2018 Geosciences Weekly News - 2018 / 05 100 Earth / Erde 242 Belgium / België / Belgique / Belgien 100/1111 243 Luxembourg / Lëtzebuerg / Luxemburg Wielki atlas świata (Great Atlas of the World) Wydawnictwo Demart, Warszawa 2017 242/2210 – 243/2210 432 pp., col., c. 140 map & engraving pp., Poland 1:750 000 Landscapes and Landforms of Belgium and Luxem- in thematic maps, regional, continent & world in phys. & pol. bourg maps, overview of dependent countries and territories & Springer 2018 countries not recognized by the UN, geographical records of xi + 424 pp., chiefly b&w, 350 illus. (incl. maps, cross sec- the world, index with over 70 000 entries, all in Polish, tion & photos), contents: 1 Morphogenic Setting and Diver- 25x35 cm, hardcover 48,00 EUR sity of Processes and Landforms: The Geomorphological Title ID: 136498 Regions of Belgium, 2 An Introduction to the Geology of Belgium and Luxembourg, 3 The Climate of Belgium and 100/2410 Luxembourg, 4 Landscapes and Landforms of the Luxem- Essentials of Soil Science bourg Sandstone, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, 5 Erosion "Soil formation, functions, use, and classification (World Surfaces in the Ardenne–Oesling and Their Associated Reference Base, WRB)" Kaolinic Weathering Mantle, 6 A Unique Boulder-Bed Reach Borntraeger Science Publisher, W. Blum. P. Schad & S. of the Amblève River, Ardenne, at Fonds de Quarreux: Nortcliff, Stuttgart 2018 Modes of Boulder Transport, 7 The Periglacial Ramparted 171 pp., 101 figs., 22 tables, contents: 1 Introduction, 2 Soil