ECUADOR: THE NORTHWESTERN ANDEAN SLOPES

NOVEMBER 10–18, 2018

Moss-backed © Paul J. Greenfield

LEADER: PAUL GREENFIELD LIST COMPILED BY: PAUL GREENFIELD

VICTOR EMANUEL NATURE TOURS, INC. 2525 WALLINGWOOD DRIVE, SUITE 1003 AUSTIN, TEXAS 78746 WWW.VENTBIRD.COM

ECUADOR: THE NORTHWESTERN ANDEAN SLOPES NOVEMBER 10–18, 2018 By Paul Greenfield

Ecuador’s renowned avian treasures are perhaps most easily discovered in this country’s northwestern region, along the high-Andean ridges and throughout the incredibly biodiverse Chocó bioregion. During our week-long sojourn within this fascinating sector, we explored a variety of ecosystems and at varying elevations, but surely one of the most rewarding aspects was experiencing several “home-grown” tourism projects where we were able to witness firsthand how and birding have inspired creativity and environmental awareness, have fostered well-being, and are generating crucial economic benefits for rural communities that otherwise had been literally “left by the wayside.” It is thanks to these amazing entrepreneurial efforts that we were able to observe and enjoy so many wonderful . We would like to extend our special thanks to Rolando, Angel & Rodrigo, Sergio & Doris, Luis, and Fabián, who have given so much of themselves to make our journey a great success! We also cannot forget to mention the Jocotoco and Mindo Cloudforest foundations for their tireless work saving bird species and the forests that they inhabit, and last but not least the fabulous staff (and owner) of Séptimo Paraíso, our home-away-from- home throughout this Northwestern Andean Slopes Tour.

Our itinerary took us first to the high-Andean Yanacocha refuge, where within a little over an hour’s drive up and over the northwestern ridge of Pichincha volcano, we immediately came upon our first whirl of undescribably mesmerizing : Tyrian Metaltails, Sapphire- vented , Shining Sunbeams, Buff-winged Starfrontlets, the otherworldly Sword-billed , and an onslaught of really huge (for a hummer) Great Sapphirewings, while a group of Andean Guans rummaged about not far away. At nearby plantain feeders, which we had to sacrifice our bananas to, a totally out of range female White-lined Tanager surprised us; and then the spectacle ensued—not knowing how to look away from the hummingbird action to enjoy close-ups of a group of Black-chested and Scarlet-bellied mountain-, and a pair of Yellow-breasted (Rufous-naped) Brushfinches; a pair of Tufted Tit-Tyrants also entertained us. As Brown-bellied Swallows circled about, we headed off along the reserve’s main trail and ran into a small mixed-species foraging flock with White-banded Tyrannulets, Superciliaried Hemispingus, and among the participants. We advanced to a final set of feeders where we were able to study many of the same hummingbirds we already enjoyed earlier (though with some better views, if that could even be possible) and added the scarce Golden-breasted to our cache; we also had excellent looks along the way and at the feeders of many very obliging Glossy and Masked . As the clouds began to roll in, we continued our journey westward and constantly downslope towards the village of Tandayapa, along the Paseo del Quinde Ecoroute, stopping for views of a di stant lek of Andean Cocks-of-the-rock across the thickly forested valley; we spotted a White-capped Dipper at the Tandayapa bridge and then ascended along the winding Ecoroute to the ridge where we took an excellent coffee/birding break at Bellavista Cloud Forest Lodge…complete with a feast of Speckled Hummingbirds, dazzling Violet-tailed Sylphs (our first of many), sharply-clad Collared Incas, Buff-tailed Coronets (by the dozens!), Fawn-breasted Brilliants, a female Empress Brilliant, and adorable bee-like Purple-throated Woodstars, Masked Trogons (including one female that hung out right by us), a charming

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 2 Ecuador: Northwestern Andean Slopes, 2018 unabashed Cinnamon Flycatcher, Smoke-colored Pewee, Golden-crowned Flycatcher, Russet-crowned and Blackburnian warblers, Blue-winged Mountain-Tanagers, White-sided , and Orange-bellied Euphonia. We then continued on towards our day’s destination and what would be our headquarters for the remainder of the trip—Séptimo Paraíso Lodge—stopping for a Gorgeted Sunangel en route.

From the comfort of our lodge, the following five days were jam-packed with visits to a diversity of habitats, ecosystems, and birding destinations, and a veritable rainbow of memorable experiences to come: walks around the Séptimo Paraíso grounds, visits to Milpe Bird Sanctuary, San Tadeo Birding (“Casa Rolando” is my own preferred name), the village of ’23 de Junio’, Amagusa Reserve (in the Mashpi area), Río Silanche Bird Sanctuary, Mirador Río Blanco for coffee and birds, the unforgettable Paz Refugio de las Aves, and Milpe Gardens. Highlights were definitely innumerable—each and every day brought a treasure- trove of regional avian specialties and a constant flow of “Wow” and “OMG”-moments! Our second day brought on a Tiny Hawk fly-by right over our heads (!), 16 hummingbird species (many of them Chocó endemic species), including White-whiskered and Tawny-bellied hermits, more splendid Violet-tailed Sylphs, Brown Inca, the most spectacular Velvet-purple Coronets, those absolutely precious (White) Booted Racket-tails, Purple-bibbed Whitetip, glittering Crowned Woodnymphs, and Andean Emeralds among them. At and around the plantain feeders at Milpe Bird Sanctuary we relished in a pair of Rufous Motmots, a wonderful pair of Red-headed Barbets, and our first of many Chestnut-mandibled (Yellow-throated) and Chocó toucans, all seen up-close-and-personal. Of the 16 species of mind-blowing tanagers seen on this our first day—most of them observed intimately close at plantain feeders set up at Milpe Bird Sanctuary and San Tadeo Birding (Casa Rolando)—Fawn-breasted, the Chocó endemic Rufous-throated, Golden-naped, Black-capped, Blue-necked, Beryl-spangled, the endemic regional race of Flame-faced, Golden, Silver-throated, and Swallow tanagers stand out. We also enjoyed a pair of nest-building Red-faced Spinetails, delightful Ornate Flycatcher, a juvenile male Golden-winged Manakin, the endemic Ecuadorian , and a snappy pair of Green Honeycreepers.

Our following morning was truly amazing (even with our brief bout of car battery trouble). We set out early and drove through thick fog to the small village of 23 de Junio, to meet up with Luís Aguíla, who would lead us on an uphill hike to where we eventually found several Long- wattled Umbrellabirds! But this was just the beginning: Golden-headed Quetzals, Pale- mandibled Araçaris, a male Powerful Woodpecker, a perched female Bat Falcon, a flying band of Rose-faced Parrots, at least 20 Bronze-winged Parrots, Nariño Tapaculo, a Slaty Spinetail sunning itself, a wonderful episode with a displaying male Club-winged Manakin, and our first Black-chinned Mountain-Tanagers. But perhaps most unforgettable was a perched, calling Ornate Hawk-Eagle that sat out in plain view, crest flaring…scope views; later we heard and then watched a soaring Black Hawk-Eagle…and that was only the morning!

We then spent a very enjoyable morning at the Amagusa Reserve, run by a local couple who are creating a wonderful hands-on conservation project of their own. Their plantain feeders were quite amazing, with many tanagers that included the breathtaking Glistening-green and the regionally special Moss-backed, the definitely uncommon Golden-collared Honeycreeper, and even better looks than we’d enjoyed before of Flame-faced and Rufous-throated tanagers; gasps were uttered as a group of Crimson-rumped Toucanets worked their way to the feeders. It just kept getting better, if it really could, as we came face-to-face with an Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 3 Ecuador: Northwestern Andean Slopes, 2018 exceptionally camouflaged (in plain-sight) female Lyre-tailed Nightjar at its day roost just a few feet away. We then set ourselves up at the steps of what seemed like a rather out-of- place artist’s home, in front of several plantain feeders, and let the show commence— tanagers of course, then a pair of—one of the region’s show-stoppers—Toucan Barbets, and followed by 4 individuals of what must have been a family group of Tayras (a robust member of the weasel family) that slowly worked their way up to us and the feeders. Just sitting there (well, we began moving about to get better looks) we spotted several Chocó endemics, including Pacific Tuftedcheek and Uniform Treehunter, then a Broad-billed Motmot and a Rufous-rumped Antwren . Back along the road we encountered our first Orange-breasted Fruiteater (2 more were seen a bit later on) and the rare endemic Indigo Flowerpiercer; three Black-and-white Becards and later a White-breasted Wood-Wren were seen …again, another super morning! Back at Séptimo Paraíso, we took it easy, picking up a couple of new species; Ann and Andrew encountered a Crested Guan, and we walked over to enjoy scope views of a napping Common Potoo on its day-roost.

Our next outing took us to a lowland site, Río Silanche Bird Sanctuary; a pair of Hook-billed Kites presented themselves well before we even arrived at the reserve. Once there, we headed straight for the well-reputed canopy tower, where, from its elevated platform, we scanned the surroundings and waited patiently (or impatiently) for the activity to fire-up, and slowly, perhaps, but surely it did. Chocó Tyrannulet came in close, as did Red-eyed Vireo (resident birds); a perched Purple-crowned Fairy was scoped; the Chocó endemic Purple- chested Hummingbird also showed up at some point; a male White-tailed Trogon perched close-by on some nearby branches; Golden-olive and Black-cheeked woodpeckers were seen, as we secured close views of a male Black-crowned Antshrike and a band of Dot- winged Antwrens; a Black-striped , 2 male White-shouldered and a pair of Gray- and-gold tanagers were also seen splendidly. We eventually decided to descend the tower and walk some trails, where we encountered a few male White-bearded Manakins, a Red- rumped Woodpecker, a perched Plumbeous Kite, a responsive pair of Guayaquil Woodpeckers, a noisy band of Purple-throated Fruitcrows…and a Brown-throated Three-toed Sloth (spotted by David). Back by the parking area, Rufous-tailed Jacamar along with a calling pair of Sooty-headed Tyrannulets were seen, and right by our van, a Trans-Andean Coral Snake was busy, with its head buried in a hole in the ground (quite colorful!). When we stopped for gas on our return towards Séptimo Paraíso, Masked Water-Tyrant came in, in response to tape-playback…quite an attractive little bird, indeed!

There was high anticipation as we traveled the following morning to Paz Refugio de las Aves—where brothers Angel and Rodrigo Paz are now internationally famous for their incredible achievements as Antpitta (etc.) whisperers. Our first “inning” involved a short walk to a blind that looked out at a lek of Andean Cocks-of-the-rock where they made a real raucous as they flapped and flitted about (I would say, clumsily) in hopes of attracting an intrigued female (lots a’ luck!); we then scoped a strangely (undescribed) plumaged perched Rufous-bellied Nighthawk that caused quite a discussion among the various guides that were present. We than began our antpitta “hunt,” finally coming up with superb views of Moustached, Chestnut-crowned, Yellow-breasted, and the pint-sized Ochre-breasted antpittas, each called out by their “Christian” names. In the process, we also encountered Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush, Toucan Barbets at their cavity nest in a forest tree trunk, and our first Plate-billed Mountain-Toucan among other species. After a scrumptious mid- morning brunch of ‘Bolón de Verde’ and ‘Empanada de Viento’ we headed back to Séptimo Paraíso for lunch, R&R, and an optional walk. Later that afternoon, after a Black-crowned Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 4 Ecuador: Northwestern Andean Slopes, 2018 Tityra (high elevation for the species, and perhaps a first record for Séptimo), we visited Milpe Gardens and then Milpe Bird Sanctuary again for more goodies.

Before we knew it, our final day of birding had come upon us, and we packed up the van and headed off for our final surge into the green-yonder. The plan was set to retrace part of our tracks back up the Paseo del Quinde Ecoroute from whence we came on our first afternoon and then, in the early afternoon, bee-line it to Quito. Our first stop was just up the road at the Mindo entrance road turn-off, to get a group photo at a strange sculpture of what should be a Cock-of-the-rock, but sort of looks more like an ancient dinosaur. Right there, among various other species, an amazingly tame male Masked Trogon sat stoicly right in front of us! We then advanced along the ecoroute, walking a short distance before coming across a mixed foraging flock along the road where we noticed several now familiar tanagers, a Streak- necked Flycatcher, and then an Andean that eventually sat out in plain sight and sang its beautiful song. Our second planned stop was a visit to a friend’s property—Gary and Karen, once VENT travelers who fell in love with Ecuador and retired in this beautiful but rustic corner of the world some years ago, built their home and now live in a little piece of paradise…from their porch we watched their super-active nectar feeders, savoring every wonderfully glowing species that swarmed the air-space around them; in an instant, two somewhat duller hummers showed up on the far-left feeder: oh, wow! Hoary Puffleg—a scarce montane species that does not often leave the cover of dense forest, and then a splendid (throat-patch shimmering!) Gorgeted Sunangel made its appearance.We departed and proceeded to advance along slowly; it was quiet, but at one point at least 4 magnificent Plate-billed Mountain-Toucans gave us a great showing…another exceptional Chocó bioregional endemic! At another point, we came across a close-moving understory flock, literally right beside us with a pair of Sharp’s (Sepia-brown) Wrens, Black-capped Hemispingus, and a lovely little Rufous-chested Tanager. Time was beginning to run out, and we hadn’t reached our lunch spot yet. As we drove along the descending and winding road into the Tandayapa Valley, a familiar call rang out. Juan jammed on the brakes, and after a short bout of tape-playback, David drew our attention to a jay I was trying to call in—the scarce and local Chocó endemic (yup, another one!) Beautiful Jay; there were two and they just showed themselves so very generously…what a treat!

We finally reached our final birding spot, Alambi Cloud Forest Reserve, where we arranged ourselves along the narrow porch which faced a veritable wall of flowering vegetation and a battery of nectar feeders—I swear, this garden offers arguably more-hummers-per-square- inch than anywhere I have ever visited with, again, many species we’d already seen (but definitely more of each). But here, we reveled in them for our last time, and soooo well—what a perfect finale. We even picked up a few new species: Sparkling Violetear, a female Western Emerald, and a surprising very recent, out-of-range, vagrant male Violet-bellied Hummingbird . Alas, time was up, and we had to pull ourselves away from the festivity that surrounded us. Our return had all of our heads spinning with reflections and memories of a fabulous week that, at this point, seemed to have flown by. Birding is such a full-on enjoyable undertaking, and so much more so when shared with such a congenial group of friends!

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 5 Ecuador: Northwestern Andean Slopes, 2018

Glistening-green & Flame-faced tanagers © Paul J. Greenfield

ITINERARY

Nov. 10 – Arrival in Quito Nov. 11 – Early departure from Quito; to Yanacocha (3,300m) through midday; drive via El Paseo del Quinde Ecoroute to Séptimo Paraíso (1,500m) with stops en route at Bellavista Cloud Forest Lodge (2,300m) Nov. 12 – Pre-breakfast birding at Séptimo Paraíso (1500m); mid-morning at Milpe Bird Sanctuary (1,075m); midday at Séptimo Paraíso; afternoon at ‘Casa Rolando’ (1,600m). Nov. 13 – All morning at 23 de Junio (with Luís Aguilár); afternoon at Séptimo Paraíso Nov. 14 – Morning to Amagusa-Mashpi Reserve (1,300m); afternoon around Séptimo Paraíso Nov. 15 – Drive to and morning birding at Río Silanche Bird Sanctuary (350m); afternoon stop at Mirador Río Blanco (San Miguel de Los Bancos: 1,000m) Nov. 16 – Early morning adventure to Paz refugio de las Aves (& second breakfast!) with Angel Paz (1,700m); midday at Séptimo Paraíso; afternoon birding at Milpe Gardens (1,075m) Nov. 17 – Return to Quito via El Paseo del Quinde Ecoroute; birding with stops at ’Los Loros Locos’ (home of Gary & Karen Schiltz) and Aslambi Cloud Forest Reserve. Return to Quito for our farewell dinner and final checklist session at Hotel Quito

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 6 Ecuador: Northwestern Andean Slopes, 2018 Nov. 18 – Departure home

Crowned Woodnymph © Paul J. Greenfield

BIRDS

Key: H = Heard only Names in bold = Species of special interest

Yanacocha = YC Bellavista = B= Paseo del Quinde Ecoroute = E Séptimo Paraíso = SP Milpe Bird Sanctuary = MS Milpe Gardens = MG Casa Rolando = CR 23 de Junio = 23 Amagusa/Mashpi = AM Río Silanche Bird Sanctuary = RS Mirador Río Blanco = MRB Refugio Paz de las Aves = RP ‘Los Loros Locos’ = LL Alambi = AL

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 7 Ecuador: Northwestern Andean Slopes, 2018

Plate-billed Mountain-Toucan © Paul J. Greenfield

TINAMOUS: TINAMIDAE Little Tinamou ( Crypturellus soui )—H repeatedly at RS

CURASSOWS & GUANS: CRACIDAE Andean Guan (Penelope montagnii )—6-7 were seen well at YC Crested Guan (Penelope purpurascens )—1 was seen at SP by Ann and Andrew

NEW WORLD QUAIL: ODONTOPHORIDAE Rufous-fronted Wood-Quail ( Odontophorus erythrops )—H briefly at RS

HERONS & BITTERNS: ARDEIDAE Cattle Egret ( Bubulcus ibis )—Morning/afternoon flocks were seen daily at SP on all but our first day

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 8 Ecuador: Northwestern Andean Slopes, 2018 AMERICAN VULTURES: CATHARTIDAE Black Vulture ( Coragyps) atratus )—Common throughout; seen on all but our first day Turkey Vulture ( Cathartes aura )—Fairly common throughout; seen on all but our first day

KITES, EAGLES & HAWKS: ACCIPITRIDAE Hook-billed Kite (Leptodon cayanensis )—2 were seen en route to RS; 3 were seen in flight at RP Black Hawk-Eagle (Spizaetus tyrannus )—1 soaring and calling bird was observed at 23 Ornate Hawk-Eagle (Spizaetus ornatus )—A spectacular sighting! 1 perched atop a tall dead palm, scope views enjoyed by all, at 23 Plumbeous Kite (Ictinia plumbeas)—1 perched on a palm at RS Tiny Hawk (Accipiter superciliosus )—1 flew right past us (seen only briefly) at RS tower Roadside Hawk ( Rupornis magnirostris )—1-2 were seen on several days; generally fairly common at lower elevations Broad-winged Hawk ( Buteo platypterus )—At least 1 was seen at RS; rather low for the species

PIGEONS & DOVES: Rock Pigeon ( Columba livia )—Generally in the Quito area and around towns Band-tailed Pigeon ( Patagioenas fasciata )—Up to 3 were seen in flight along E on our first day; fair-sized flocks (up to 30) were seen at Séptimo Paraíso and nearby; 20 seen in flight along E on our final morning Plumbeous Pigeon ( Patagioenas plumbea)—H along E; a pair was seen, others H, at 23 ; another pair was seen along E on our last day Ruddy Pigeon ( Patagioenas subvinacea)—A pair was seen, others H at MS; also H at 23 and MG; 1 was seen perched at RS (others H there) Pallid Dove ( pallida )—H at RS White-throated Quail-Dove ( Geotrygon frenata )—H at SP Eared Dove ( Zenaida auriculata )—A common highland species, generally encountered in Quito and throughout the central (interAndean) valley

CUCKOOS: CUCULIDAE Smooth-billed Ani ( Crotophaga ani )—Quite a few seen (at least 25 in all) mostly in shrubby pastureland and agricultural areas Squirrel Cuckoo ( Piaya cayana )—Singles were seen at B, 23, and AM

NIGHTJARS & ALLIES: CAPRIMULGIDAE Rufous-bellied Nighthawk (Lurocalis rufiventris )—Scope views of a roosting bird at RP; this individual was very strange , unlike any typical member of its species—underparts were distinctly barred and showed little, if any, rufescent belly coloring; white ‘frosting’ on wing coverts were present as was its obvious short tail lacking any trace of white Common Pauraque ( Nyctidromus albicollis )—At least 3 birds (1♂ and 2 ♀♀) were flushed from the road en route to 23 Lyre-tailed Nightjar (Uropsalis lyra )—A totally cryptic ♀ was ‘marvelled over’ at AM, perched, totally camouflaged at the entrance gate to Mashpi Lodge; thanks Sergio for pointing her out

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 9 Ecuador: Northwestern Andean Slopes, 2018

female Lyre-tailed Nightjar © Paul J. Greenfield

POTOOS: NYCTIBIIDAE Common Potoo (Nyyctibius griseus )—A single bird was seen on three days at its day roost at SP (possibly nesting)

SWIFTS: APODIDAE White-collared Swift ( Streptoprocne zonaris )—The largest American swift; bands of between 8 or so to 50+ were seen on four days; throughout the region at varying elevations

HUMMINGBIRD: TROCHILIDAE White-necked Jacobin (Florisuga mellivora )—Numerous, encountered repeatedly at lower elevations; mostly at feeders; SP, CR, MS, MRB, and AL White-whiskered Hermit (Phaethornis yaruqui )—Quite a few seen this trip; 4-5 seen at SP

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 10 Ecuador: Northwestern Andean Slopes, 2018 and MS; 1 at AM; 2 at RP; 2 at MG; 2 at AL Tawny-bellied Hermit (Phaethornis syrmatophorus )—1 was seen along E; 1 was seen close and repeatedly at SP feeders on two days Brown Violetear ( Colibri delphinae )—1 was seen at SP: were seen at AL feeders Sparkling Violetear ( Colibri coruscans )—Only 2 were seen; at AL feeders Purple-crowned Fairy (Heliothryx barroti )—1 perched bird was scoped from the RS canopy tower Gorgeted Sunangel (Heliangelus strophianus )—1 was spotted along E; another, and a super look, was seen at LL Green Thorntail (Popelairia conversii )—Common at feeders in lower elevation sites; at MS (5-8), AM (2), RS (2or so), MRB (15 or so), MG (4), AL (4 or so) Speckled Hummingbird ( Adelomyia melanogenys )—6 were seen at B feeders; 1 at RP Violet-tailed Sylph (Aglaiocercus coelestis )—This breathtaking Chocó bioregional endemic was observed on five days; at SP, CR, AP, AM, B, and LL Black-tailed Trainbearer (Lesbia victoriae )—David spotted 1 ♂ at Hotel Quito Tyrian Metaltail ( Metallura tyrianthina )—At least 12 were seen at YC (mostly at feeders) Hoary Puffleg ( lugens )—A pair of this scarce Chocó bioregional endemic was seen at LL feeders Sapphire-vented Puffleg ( Eriocnemis luciani )—8 or so seen repeatedly at YC Golden-breasted Puffleg (Eriocnemis mosquera )—3-4 seen repeatedly at YC feeders Shining Sunbeam (Aglaeactis cupripennis )—5 seen beautifully at YC feeders Brown Inca (Coeligena wilsoni )—Quite a few seen: 8 or so in all at SP and CR feeders; 3 or so at AM; 5 at RP/MG; at least 4 LL/AL Collared Inca (Coeligena torquata )—4 of the ‘sharply-dressed’ species were encountered at B feeders Buff-winged Starfrontlet (Coeligena lutetiae )—30 or so dominated feeders at YC Sword-billed Hummingbird (Ensifera ensifera )—3 of this spectacular Andean species were seen at YC feeders—really mind-blowing! Great Sapphirewing (Pterophanes cyanopterus )—An incredible 20 or so of this, the World’s 2nd largest, hummingbird were enjoyed thoroughly at YC feeders Buff-tailed Coronet ( Boissonneaua flavescens )—Dominant at B (25 or so) and LL (at lleast 20); remember those cinnamon wing-pits and glittering chartreuse faces Velvet-purple Coronet (Boissoneaua jardini )—OMG!! So beautiful! Varying numbers were seen on four days; between 2-12 at SP, CR, AM, RP, and LL. A precious Chocó bioregional specialty! Booted Racket-tail (Ocreatus underwoodii )—Soon to be split from east slope populations, by at least some authors, and then called White-booted Racket-tail . 7 encountered between SP and CR; also 6 or so at RP, another 6 or so at AL. A real charmer! Purple-bibbed Whitetip (Urosticte benjamini )—Between 1-3 of this scarce Chocó bioregional endemic were encountered at SP, CR, AM, and RP feeders Fawn-breasted Brilliant ( Heliodoxa rubinoides )—Generally fairly common in the subtropics. Between 4-12 were seen on four days, at B, SP, CR, RP, LL, and AL Green-crowned Brilliant ( Heliodoxa jacula )—Common at SP, MS, MG, AL; a few were seen at CR Empress Brilliant (Heliodoxa emperatrix )—Surprisingly, this scarce Chocó bioregional endemic was seen every day of this trip: at B (1 ♀), SP (2), CR (at least 1 ♂), AM (4 or so), singles at RP, LL and AL Purple-throated Woodstar (Calliflox mitchellii )—1♂ seen at B; 2 at SP; single ♀♀ at CR; and AM; and then and incredible 30 or so at AL Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 11 Ecuador: Northwestern Andean Slopes, 2018 Western Emerald (Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus )—1♀ was encountered at AL Crowned Woodnymph ( Thalurania colombica )—Formally Green-crowned Woodnymph ( T. fannyi ). Common at lower elevation feeders at SP, MS, and MG; at least 5 seen at AL. ♂♂ are truly striking! Andean Emerald ( Amazilia franciae )—Relatively common at SP, MS, CR, and AL; 1-2 seen at RP Purple-chested Hummingbird ( Amazilia rosenbergi )—At least 1 of this Chocó bioregional endemic was seen at RS from the canopy tower Rufous-tailed Hummingbird ( Amazilia tzacatl )—Widespread in the humid western lowlands; encountered on four days at SP, MS, MRB, MG, and AL Violet-bellied Hummingbird (Juliamyia lulie )—1 fancy ♂ showed up at AL

Violet-bellied Hummingbird © Paul J. Greenfield

QUETZALS & TROGONS: TROGONIDAE Golden-headed Quetzal (Pharomachrus auriceps )—3 were encountered at 23; 1 ♀ at SP ; and another was only glimpsed at RP White-tailed Trogon (Trogon chionurus )—1♂ was seen close up from the RS canopy tower Masked Trogon (Trogon personatus )—4 were seen on our first day (best perhaps was a ♀ at B ); a close-up ♂ was a pleasant surprise at the Mindo turnoff

MOTMOTS: MOMOTIDAE Rufous Motmot (Baryphthengus martii )—A pair was seened near the MS plantain feeders; 1 was glimpsed in flight en route to 23; another was seen at SP (with several others heard at dawn on at least two days Broad-billed Motmot (Electron platyrhynchum )—1 was encountered at close range in forest understory at AM

JACAMARS: GALBULIDAE Rufous-tailed Jacamar (Galbula ruficauda )—1♂ was observed at RS Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 12 Ecuador: Northwestern Andean Slopes, 2018

BARBETS: CAPITONIDAE Red-headed Barbet (Eubucco bourcierii )—Several seen: Pairs, at least, at MS and CR; 2♂♂ were seen at AL

TOUCAN-BARBETS: SEMNORNITHIDAE Toucan Barbet (Semnornis ramphastinus )—H on two days at B and SP; a nice pair was encountered at AM; another nesting pair at RP, and at least 1 more seen along E

TOUCANS: RAMPHASTIDAE Crimson-rumped Toucanet (Aulacorhynchus haematopygus )—4 were encountered, coming in to AM feeders Plate-billed Mountain-Toucan (Andigena laminirostris )—H on our first day along E; 1 was seen by most of our group at RP; and finally at least 4 were enjoyed along E on our final field day Pale-mandibled Araçari (Pteroglossus erythropygius )—Aka Collared Araçari (P. torquatus ) when lumped, by some authors; P. erythropygius is a bioregional endemic. 4 came in close, on two visits to MS plantain feeders; 1 was seen perched at a distance at 23; another 3 or so came in to feeders at MRB Yellow-throated Toucan (Ramphastos ambiguous swainsonii )—Aka Chestnut-mandibled Toucan (R. swainsonii ) when considered a separate species from the east-slope Black-mandibled Toucan ( R. ambiguous ) . Pairs were seen at SP and MS; another pair seen at 23; 1 also at Río Silanche, from the canopy tower Chocó Toucan (Ramphastos brevis )—Similar sightings to the previous species; this Chocó bioregional endemic is often sympatric (found in overlapping distribution) with Yellow- throated/Chestnut-mandibled Toucan

WOODPECKERS: PICIDAE Black-cheeked Woodpecker ( Melanerpes pucherani )—Only 1 was seen at RS Red-rumped Woodpecker ( Veniliornis kirkii )—1 was encountered at RS Golden-olive Woodpecker ( Colaptes rubiginosus )—2 were seen at MS; another ar 23 Powerful Woodpecker (Campephilus pollens )—1 handsome ♂ was seen at 23 Guayaquil Woodpecker (Campephilus gayaquilensis )—A pair of this Tumbesian bioregional endemic was seen well from the RS canopy tower

FALCONS & CARACARAS: FALCONIDAE American Kestrel ( Falco sparverius )—1 was seen briefly in the highlands, northwest of Quito Bat Falcon ( falco rufigularis )—1♀ was scoped, perched atop a dead palm tree at 23 Falcon sp. ( Falco sp. )—An unidentified falcon was seen in flight at RP; a few years ago, a first record of Orange-breasted Falcon fpr western Ecuador was made in this same location, but it was impossible to verify the ID of this bird—rats!

PARROTS & MACAWS: PSITTACIDAE Rose-faced Parrot (Pyrilia pulchra )—A fast-flying group of 10 were seen at 23 Red-billed Parrot ( Pionus sordidus )—3 were seen in flight, then another perched individual was encountered along E Bronze-winged Parrot (Pionus chalcopterus )—20 or so were seen at 23, and a similar Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 13 Ecuador: Northwestern Andean Slopes, 2018 number were encountered at RS Maroon-tailed Parakeet ( P. melanura )—Aka Chocó Parakeet (Pyrhurra pacifica) and thus considered a Chocó bioregional endemic. Only 1 was spotted (others H, or glimpsed in flight) at RS

TYPICAL : THAMNOPHILIDAE Rufous-rumped Antwren (Euchrepornis callinota )—1♂ was fairly well in forest midstory at AM Black-crowned Antshrike (Thamnophilus atrinucha )—1♂ was seen with a mixed-species foraging flock at AM Slaty Antwren ( schisticolor )—1♀ was seen at 23 Dot-winged Antwren (Microrhopias quixensis )—8 in all were seen at RS, from the canopy tower and along the road Zeledon’s (Myrmeciza zeledoni)—Now split from Immaculate Antbird ( M. immaculata ), but the Ecuadorian-to-Panama race macrorhyncha might best be elevated to species in its own right, separate from zeledoni . Aka Blue-lored Antbird by some authors. H at AM

ANTPITTAS: FORMICARIIDAE Moustached Antpitta (Grallaria alleni )—Nice repeated looks at ‘Susan’ at RP Chestnut-crowned Antpitta (Grallaria ruficapillus )—‘Andreíta’ showed herself nicely at RP Yellow-breasted Antpitta (Grallaria flavotincta )—‘Willy 2’ came in well, after ‘Andreíta’ left the scene at AP Rufous Antpitta ( Grallaria rufula )—H at YC Tawny Antpitta ( Grallaria quitensis )—H at YC Ochre-breasted Antpitta (Grallaricula fñavirostris )—‘Shakira’, adorable, shakin’ that body!, was seen at RP

TAPACULOS: RHINOCRYPTIDAE Ocellated Tapaculo ( Acropternis orthonyx )—H a few times along E on our last morning Blackish Tapaculo ( Scytalopus latrans )—H really close-by at YC Nariño Tapaculo (Scytalopus vicinior )—Actually seen!! 1 at SP Spillmann’s Tapaculo ( Scytolopus spillmanni )—H along E on our last morning

ANTTHRUSHES: FORMICARIIDAE Black-headed Antthrush ( Formicarius nigricapillus )—H at RS Rufous-breasted Antthrush ( Formicarius rufipectus )—H on our first morning at SP

OVENBIRDS: FURNARIIDAE Plain-brown Woodcreeper ( Dendrocincla fuliginosa )—1 was seen at Río Silanche Wedge-billed Woodcreeper ( Glyphorhynchus spirurus )—Singles were encountered at MS, 23, and RS Black-striped Woodcreeper (Xiphorhynchus lachrymosuss)—1 was seen from the canopy tower at RS Spotted Woodcreeper ( Xiphorhynchus erythropygius )—3 were seen; at SP and MS Streak-headed Woodcreeper ( Lepidocolaptes souleyetii )—1 was encountered at RS Montane Woodcreeper ( Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger )—2 was seen at 23, 1 at RP, 2 more were encountered along E Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 14 Ecuador: Northwestern Andean Slopes, 2018 Pacific Tuftedcheek (Pseudocolaptes johnsoni )—Some authors lump this taxon with Buffy Tuftedcheek ( P. lawrencii ) of Central America. 1 was seen well at AM; another Chocó bioregional endemic Pale-legged Hornero ( Furnarius leucopus )—Aka Pacific Hornero (F. cinnamomeus ) when Pacific coastal population is split from Amazonian birds, thus becomes a Tumbesian bioregional endemic. Singles seen at 23, en route to both AM and RS Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner ( Philydor rufus )—1 was encountered at MS; at least 2 were seen at 23 Scaly-throated Foliage-gleaner ( Anabacerthia variegaticeps )—2 seen at MS; 1 more seen even closer at AM Uniform Treehunter (Thripadectes ignobilis )—Nice, close looks at 1 of this Chocó bioregional endemic at AM Streak-capped Treehunter ( Thripadectes virgaticeps )—H, but also glimpsed at SP Pearled Treerunner (Margarornis squamiger )—Singles or so encountered along E on our first and last day along E Red-faced Spinetail ( Cranioleuca erythrops )—A pair was seen nest building at SP on two days; 1 was seen at MS Slaty Spinetail ( Synallaxis brachyura )—H and then seen well (even scoped!) at 23 Azara’s Spinetail ( Synallaxis azarae )—1 was seen, others H along E

TYRANT FLYCATCHERS: TYRANNIDAE White-tailed Tyrannulet ( Mecocerculus poecilocercus )— 1 was seen with a mixed foraging flock along E on our last day White-banded Tyrannulet ( Mecocerculus stictopterus )—A pair was seen with a mixed foraging flock at YC Tufted Tit-Tyrant (Anairetes parulus )—A pair responded well to playback at YC Streak-necked Flycatcher ( Mionectes striaticollis )—1 was seen in a fruiting tree along E Slaty-capped Flycatcher ( Leptopogon superciliaris )—1 was seen at MS Marble-faced Bristle-Tyrant ( Phylloscartes ophthalmicus )—1 was seen well at MS Sooty-headed Tyrannulet ( Phyllomyias griseiceps )—A pair was seen high in canopy at RS Chocó Tyrannulet (Zimmerius albigularis )—Formally considered a race of Golden-faced Tyrannulet ( Z. chrysops )—1-2 were seen repeatedly on two days, at 23 and RS Ornate Flycatcher (Myiotriccus ornatus )—Singles and pairs, of this charming little flycatcher were seen on four days; at SP , 23, and MS on two days Cinnamon Flycatcher (Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus )—1 was seen at point-blank, at B Flavescent Flycatcher ( Myiophobus flavicans )—1 was seen at RP Smoke-colored Pewee ( Contopus fumigatus )—1 was seen closely at B; 2 at AM, and also H along E on our last morning Wood-Pewee sp. ( Contopus sp. )—1 unidentified wood-pewee was seen (even scoped) distantly at 23 Black Phoebe ( Sayornis nigricans )—Only 1 was seen along a stream at 23 Masked Water-Tyrant (Fluvicola nengeta )—1 was seen well en route to RS Boat-billed Flycatcher ( Megarhynchus pitangua )—2 were seen at from the tower at RS Rusty-margined Flycatcher ( Myiozetetes cayanensis )—Singles were seen at MS and 23 Golden-crowned Flycatcher ( chrysocephalus )—Singles were seen well at B at the Mindoo turn-off Streaked Flycatcher ( Myiodynastes maculatus )—1 was seen at SP; at least 2 were encountered at RS Tropical Kingbird ( Tyrannus melancholicus )—A commonly encountered lower elevation Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 15 Ecuador: Northwestern Andean Slopes, 2018 species; several seen on all but our first day

COTINGA: COTINGIDAE Orange-breasted Fruiteater (Pipreola jucunda )—3♂♂ were seen at AM; quite a special Chocó bioregional endemic, indeed! Andean Cock-of-the-rock (Rupicola peruviana )—Some 3 ♂♂ were observed across the valley along E on our first afternoon; 5 ♂♂, at least, were enjoyed at their Lek at RP Purple-throated Fruitcrow ( Querula purpurata )—4-5 called in at RS Long-wattled Umbrellabird (Cephalopterus penduliger )—4-5 of this special Chocó bioregional endemic were seen at 23

MANAKINS: PIPRIDAE Golden-winged Manakin (Masius chrysopterus )—1 juv. ♂ was seen well in canopy at SP White-bearded Manakin ( Manacus manacus )—At least 2 ♂♂ were seen at RS Club-winged Manakin (Machaeropterus deliciosus )—First 1 ♀ was seen foraging at 23; then a ‘cool’ ♂ was encountered at AM

TITYRAS & ALLIES: TITYRIDAE Black-crowned Tityra ( Tityra inquisitor )—1♂ was seen at SP; rather high elevation for the species Masked Tityra (Tityra semifaciata )—A pair was seen at RS Cinnamon Becard ( Pachyramphus cinnamomeus )—2 seen at SP; singles at AM and RS; also H at 23 Black-and-white Becard ( Pachyramphus albogriseus )—3 were seen at AM One-colored Becard ( Pachyramphus homochrous )—10 seen in all; at 23, AM, RS, along E

VIREOS & ALLIES: VIREONIDAE Slaty-capped Shrike-Vireo (Vireolanius leucotis )—H repeatedly at RS Brown-capped Vireo ( Vireo leucophrys )—Singles were seen at 23 and RP; 2 more seen at the Mindo turnoff Red-eyed Vireo ( Vireo olivaceus )—Fairly common and seen on six days, along E, SP, RS, RP, and MS

CROWS, JAYS & MAGPIES: CORVIDAE Beautiful Jay (Cyanolyca pulchra)—A pair was seen well along E on our last day

SWALLOWS: HIRUNDINIDAE Blue-and-white Swallow ( Notiochelidon cyanoleuca )—The most common and widespread swallow in Ecuador; seen on four days at varying elevations Brown-bellied Swallow (Orochelidon murina )—Common at YC; the high elevation swallow

WRENS: TROGLODYTIDAE Scaly-breasted Wren ( Microcerculus marginatus )—H at RS House Wren ( Troglodytes aedon )—H on six days; 1-2 were seen at 23, SP, and RP Bay Wren ( Cantorchilus nigricapillus )—H at AM and RS Sharp’s (Sepia-brown) Wren (Cinnycerthia olivacens )—2, and thenb another 1 were seen on our klast morning along E White-breasted Wood-Wren ( Henicorhina leucosticte )—1 was seen in forest understory at Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 16 Ecuador: Northwestern Andean Slopes, 2018 AM Gray-breasted Wood-Wren ( Henicorhina leucophrys )—H often on six days; singles were seen fairly well at SP by some of our group

DIPPERS: CINCLIDAE White-capped Dipper (Cinclus leucocephalus )—1 was seen along a rocky, mountain stream along E

THRUSHES & ALLIES: TURDIDAE Andean Solitaire (Myiadestes ralloides )—H on three days; we finally got fairly good looks at 1 singing bird along E on our last morning Slaty Nightingale-Thrush ( Catharus dryas )—1 was seen at forest edge at RP Swainson’s Thrush ( Catharus ustulatus )—Between 1 to 6 or so of this boreal migrant were seen on five days (also heard fairly often); at B, SP, MS, AM, and RS Ecuadorian Thrush (Turdus maculirostris )—2 were seen repeatedly at CR; also at RS and AL; H at RP Great Thrush ( Turdus fuscater )—A common highland species , seen on our first and last days

NEW WORLD WARBLERS: PARULIDAE Olive-crowned Yellowthroat ( Geothlypis semiflava )—H at 23 Tropical Parula ( Setophaga pitiayumi )—Singles were seen MS and SP; 2 at 23 Blackburnian Warbler ( Setophaga fusca )—Few of this generally fairly common boreal migrant; 2 or so were seen daily on six days at B, E, SP, 23, AM, and RP Three-striped Warbler ( tristriatus )—At least 1 was seen at AM; 2 more were encountered along E on our last morning Russet-crowned Warbler ( Basileuterus coronatus )—2 were seen up-close at B; H along E Slate-throated Whitestart ( Myioborus miniatus )— Aka “Redstarts”, though they show no red! A rather common mixed flock participant at lower elevations; 2-3 seen on only four days this trip, at SP, 23, MS, and RP

TANAGERS & ALLIES: THRAUPIDAE Black-capped Hemispingus (Hemispingus atropileus )—3 were seen up-close-and- personal foraging in undergrowth along E on our last morning Superciliaried Hemispingus ( Thlypopsis superciliaris )—2 were encountered in canopy with a mixed-species foraging flock at YC Rufous-chested Tanager (Thlypopsis ornata )—Close looks, though perhaps brief, of 1 along E with a mixed-species foraging flock on our last morning White-shouldered Tanager ( Tachyphonus luctuosus )—2♂♂ seen well from the RS canopy tower White-lined Tanager ( Tachyphonus rufus )—Very surprisingly, 1 ♀ was encountered at YC (extremely high elevation for the species); 1 juvenile male was seen at CR feeders; at least 3 were seen repeatedly at AL feeders Flame-rumped Tanager ( Ramphocelus flammigerus )—Aka Lemon-rumped Tanager (R. icteronotus ) when split from Flame-rumped. Generally common and widespread in humid western lowlands and foothills; numerous on all but our first day Moss-backed Tanager (Bangsia edwardsi )—5, of this special Chocó bioregional endemic were seen up-close at AM feeders Black-chested Mountain-Tanager (Cnemathraupis eximia )—4 of this uncommon and Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 17 Ecuador: Northwestern Andean Slopes, 2018 local high-elevation tanager were seen at YC plantain feeders Scarlet-bellied Mountain-Tanager (Anisognathus igniventris )—3 of this fairly common but gorgeous high-elevation tanager were seen at YC plantain feeders Blue-winged Mountain-Tanager (Anisognathus somptuosus )—4 or so were seen at B; 2 came to CR feeders feeders; 1 at RP, and finally 6 along E on our last day Black-chinned Mountain-Tanager (Anisognathus notabilis )—Quite a few of this very special Chocó bioregional endemic were seen; 3 up-close at 23; and a whopping 8 were seen at AM Fawn-breasted Tanager (Pipraeidea bonariensis )—1 was glimpsed at SP on Nov.12th; then 2 more were spotted at RS on our last morning Glistening-green Tanager (Chlorochrysa phoenicotis )—OMG, OMG!! At least 1♂ was seen well a couple of times at 23; then, something like 9 (yup, 9!) were enjoyed thoroughly (with oohs and ahs included) at AM plantain feeders mostly Blue-gray Tanager ( Thraupis episcopus )—Very common lower elevation species; seen on all but our first day Palm Tanager ( Thraupis palmarum )—Fairly common at lower elevations; seen on four days at MS, SP, RS, MRB, and AL Rufous-throated Tanager (Tangara rufigula )—Several of this Chocó bioregional endemic were seen on three days; up-close at MS (2) and AM (6 or so!) feeders! Also 1 at 23

Rufous-throated Tanager © Paul J. Greenfield

Golden-naped Tanager (Tangara ruficervix )—5+ seen up-close at CR feeders; 4 or so at AM; 2 more at RP—spectacularly close feeder views of most Black-capped Tanager (Tanager heinei )—A lovely pair up-close at CR Gray-and-gold Tanager (Tanager palmeri )—1-2 seen (also scoped) from the RS canopy tower … just another cool tanager

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 18 Ecuador: Northwestern Andean Slopes, 2018 Blue-necked Tanager (Tangara cyanicollis )—Only singles of this breathtakingly beautiful west Ecuadorian race were encountered at RS and AL Beryl-spangled Tanager (Tangara nigroviridis )—Singles were seen at CR, SP, and best (in mesmerizingly great light) MS; also along E Bay-headed Tanager ( Tangara gyrola )—1♂ was observed from the canopy tower at SP Rufous-winged Tanager (Tangara lavinia )—1♂ was seen with a mixed-species foraging flock at RS Flame-faced Tanager (Tangara parzudakii )—Just another gorgeous tanager… 2-4 or so were marveled at on four days, at MS, 23, and RP Golden Tanager ( Tangara arthus )—Apparently, the most common subtropical tanager; seen on all but our first day; very common at feeders at all mid-elevation sites Silver-throated Tanager ( Tangara icterocephala )—Rather common at lower elevation sites; 4-12 seen on four days, at MS on two visits, RS, MRB, SP; and AL Swallow Tanager (Tersina viridis )—A ‘fun’ episode on our second morning at SP; 10 or so (♂♂ & ♀♀) joined a mixed flock of many species to feast on an ‘’ hatch that greeted the dawn. Scarlet-thighed Dacnis (Dacnis venusta )?—A possible pair of this species was reportedly seen by Ann at SP: this would be a high elevation for the species and a first record f or the area, but could not be confirmed… Green Honeycreeper ( Chlorophanes spiza )—Common, many seen (on four days) at MS (on two visits), CR, 23, RS (from the canopy tower), Golden-collared Honeycreeper (Iridophanes pulcherrimus )—1 super close-up bird at AM nectar feeder; quite uncommon and local in this region Capped Conebill ( albifrons )—A group of at least 4 were seen with a mixed- species foraging flock along E; remember the constant tail-flicking Cinereous Conebill ( Conirostrum cinereum )—1 was seen at YC ( Diglossa lafresnayii )—Super common at YC; especially seen close- up at nectar feeders ( Diglossa humeralis )—8 were seen at YC entrance area and even into the reserve this time White-sided Flowerpiercer ( Diglossa albilatera )—1♂ was seen close-up at B feeders Indigo Flowerpiercer (Diglossa indigotica )—A rare Chocó bioregional endemic; 1 called in surprisingly well (perched out in the open for several seconds) at AM Masked Flowerpiercer ( cyanea )—Common at YC (especially at feeders); also 1-2 at B feeders Blue-black Grassquit ( Volatinia jacarina )—Several flew in from of our van in open grassland and pastures en route to RS Variable Seedeater ( Sporophila corvina )—1♀ was seen at SP; a pair was encountered at 23, and a band of 7 or so along E on our last day Yellow-bellied Seedeater ( Sporophila nigricollis )—20 or so were encountered along the road at RP Bananaquit ( Coereba flaveola )—6-7 were hanging arounf the MRB nectar feeders Buff-throated Saltator ( Saltator maximus )—Now placed in with tanagers! H at RS; Singles were seen well at AM and MRB; a pair came to AL plantain feeders Black-winged Saltator (Saltator atripennis )—Another Chocó bioregional endemic; 1 or so seen at SP; 3 at 23, and another 1 (close-up) at AM

NEW WORLD SPARROWS & ALLIES: PASSERELLIDAE Yellow-throated Chlorospingus ( Chlorospingus flavigularis )—1 seen by Homer at 23; the 5 Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 19 Ecuador: Northwestern Andean Slopes, 2018 with a mixed-species foraging flock at AM. Species in this genus have recently removed from Tanagers, so the group name ‘Bush-Tanager’ is no longer in use by some authors; not sure this is the best solution Dusky Chlorospingus (Chlorospingus semifuscus )—Singles seen close-up at CR and AM feeders, and at 23. 5 were seen close-up along E on our last morning. Species in this genus have recently removed from Tanagers, so the group name ‘Bush-Tanager’ is no longer in use by some authors; not sure this is the best solution Black-striped Sparrow (Arremonops conirostris )—1 seen close up at CR feeders; another 1 was encountered at 23 Chestnut-capped Brushfinch (Arremon brunneinucha )—1 close-up view at/below MRB feeders Rufous-collared Sparrow ( Zonotrichia capensis )—A common highland to mid-elevation species throughout the Andes; several seen on four days Tricolored Brushfinch (Atlapetes tricolor )—Aka Chocó Brushfinch , and thus considered a Chocó bioregional endemic. 1 was seen at AM; another 2 or so at AL feeders Yellow-breasted Brushfinch (Atlapetes latinuchus )—Aka (formally) Rufous-naped Brushfinch. 2 or so were seen well at YC

MITROSPINGID TANAGERS: MITROSPINGIDAE Dusky-faced Tanager ( Mitrospingus cassinii )—A band of about 6 were seen at RS

CARDINALS & ALLIES: CARDINALIDAE Summer Tanager ( Piranga rubra )—Only 1 ♂ of this rather common boreal migrant was seen along E on our last day; species of the genus Piranga are no longer considered to be tanagers!

TROUPIALS & ALLIES: ICTERIDAE Scarlet-rumped Cacique ( Cacicus uropygialis )—H at MS; apparently a recent arrival to this site Shiny Cowbird ( Molothrus bonariensis )—About 13 were seen at 23: 2 or so were seen en route to RS–always in more open country Scrub Blackbird (Dives warszewiczi )—Pairs of this Tumbesian bioregional endemic species were seen at CR feeders and at 23

FINCHES, EUPHONIAS & ALLIES: FRINGILLIDAE Thick-billed Euphonia ( Euphonia laniirostris )—A common lower elevation euphonia; many were seen repeatedly at MS; between 1-4 were encountered at RS, MR, and AL (seen especially well at feeders) Orange-bellied Euphonia ( Euphonia xanthogaster )—Fairly common and widespread in Ecuador; seen daily (especially close views at fruit feeders)

OTHER SPECIES OF INTEREST

ARMADILLOS: DASYPODIDAE Nine-banded Long-nosed Armadillo ( Dasypus novemcinctus )—1 was encountered rummaging around, literally at our feet along E on our last morning

SLOTHS: BRADYPODIDAE

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 20 Ecuador: Northwestern Andean Slopes, 2018 Brown-throated Three-toed Sloth (Bradypus variegatus )—David got us all on this living ‘lump’ at RS

MONKEYS: CEBIDAE Mantled Howler Monkey ( Alouatta palliate )—H constantly at 23; spooky!

WEASELS & ALLIES; MUSTELIDAE Tayra (Eira barbara )—1 was seen briefly crossing the entrance road at SP; then 3 came in super close to plantain feeders at AM

Unidentified small (cute!) short-nosed mouse was seen at RS; scrambled out from forest onto forest trail, where it began to twist and flit, and then died—apparently bitten by a venomous snake (which we never saw)

SQUIRRELS: SCIURIDAE Red-tailed Squirrel ( Sciurus granatensis )—Singles were seen at CR , MS, AM, and AL Western Dwarf Squirrel (Microsciurus mimulus )—Singles were seen at 23 and AM

AGOUTIS: DASPYPROCTIDAE Central American Agouti ( Dasyprocta punctata )—1 was seen along lower E

ANOLES (LIZARDS): DACTYLOIDAE Boulenger’s Green Anole (Anolis chloris )—Possibly this species that we saw at RS

CORALSNAKES & ALLIES: ELAPIDAE Trans-Andean Coralsnake (Micrurus transandinus )—1 was encountered with forepart introduced in a hole in the ground right next to our parked van at RS

OTHERS:

Army Ants ( Eciton burchellii )—We experienced a swarm at AM–apparently a few minutes before we arrived, the enigmatic ‘megatick’ Banded Ground-Cuckoo was seen there; but try as we did, we did not relocate the bird

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 21 Ecuador: Northwestern Andean Slopes, 2018