DOCSLIB.ORG

{Dоwnlоаd/Rеаd PDF Bооk} Ivory Ebook, Epub

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
{Dоwnlоаd/Rеаd PDF Bооk} Ivory Ebook, Epub IVORY PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Tony Park | 576 pages | 04 Aug 2016 | Quercus Publishing | 9780857387967 | English | London, United Kingdom Ivory PDF Book Ivory usage in the last thirty years has moved towards mass production of souvenirs and jewelry. Popular Science. In ancient times it was treasured as highly as gold and precious stones. The additional ingredients primarily are to reduce the harshness of the soap, since additional glycerin and fatty acids are typically used for that purpose. The Syrian and North African elephant populations were reduced to extinction, probably due to the demand for ivory in the Classical world. First Known Use of ivory 13th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ivory soap. Solinus , a Roman writer in the 3rd century claimed that the Celtic peoples in Ireland would decorate their sword-hilts with the 'teeth of beasts that swim in the sea'. The New Illustrated Encyclopedia of Billiards. To top. Choose a dictionary. Trade in the ivory from the tusks of dead woolly mammoths frozen in the tundra has occurred for years and continues to be legal. Forensic Science International 1 : — Ivory is also a yellow-white color. Owing to the rapid decline in the populations of the animals that produce it, the importation and sale of ivory in many countries is banned or severely restricted. These hanko can be carved out in a matter of seconds using machinery and were partly responsible for massive African elephant decline in the s, when the African elephant population went from 1. Add the power of Cambridge Dictionary to your website using our free search box widgets. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list link CS1 maint: extra text: authors list link Vol I, pages — Keep scrolling for more More Definitions for ivory ivory. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free! The national and international trade in ivory of threatened species such as African and Asian elephants is illegal. In , 19 African countries signed the "Accra Declaration" calling for a total ivory trade ban, and 20 range states attended a meeting in Kenya calling for a year moratorium in Test Your Knowledge - and learn some interesting things along the way. It was also commonly carved into elaborate seals utilized by officials to "sign" documents and decrees by stamping them with their unique official seal. See more words from the same century Dictionary Entries near ivory ivin ivoried ivorine ivory ivorybill ivory-billed woodpecker ivory black. Other Words from ivory ivory adjective. The ivory, confiscated in New York and Philadelphia, was sent up a conveyor belt into a rock crusher. Fish and Wildlife Service Forensics Lab. Whereas 'coronary' is no so much Put It in the 'Frunk' You can never have too much storage. Ivory is a hard, white material from the tusks traditionally elephants' and teeth of animals, that consists mainly of dentine , one of the physical structures of teeth and tusks. Love words? These examples are from the Cambridge English Corpus and from sources on the web. If its composition is similar to other dishwashing liquids, however, it is a detergent rather than a soap. Prior to the introduction of plastics , ivory had many ornamental and practical uses, mainly because of the white color it presents when processed. However, company records indicate that the design of Ivory did not come about by accident. These goods were probably exchanged with Gedi inhabitants for animal skins and ivory. October 25, The light, portable ivories would have been particularly attractive as loot. Williams Company in Glastonbury, Connecticut , manufactured soap under the name Ivorine. Of the four bears seen during the cruise, three had ivory gulls associated with them. Tell us about this example sentence:. Over the years, the brand has been extended to other varieties and products. November Read More. Namespaces Article Talk. Choose your language. Words nearby ivory ivied , Iviza , Ivor , Ivorian , ivories , ivory , ivory-billed woodpecker , ivory black , Ivory Coast , ivory exostosis , ivory gull. Ivory Writer Mammoth ivory is rare and costly because mammoths have been extinct for millennia, and scientists are hesitant to sell museum-worthy specimens in pieces. Behavior Cognition Musth Seismic communication. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. It was by far the most valuable prize of the day, and its ivory would fetch a considerable sum in the market. Smith Jr. Add ivory to one of your lists below, or create a new one. Two of the most frequent users of ivory in their sculptured artworks were Ferdinand Preiss and Claire Colinet. Tell us about this example sentence:. From the Cambridge English Corpus. Ivory has been valued since ancient times in art or manufacturing for making a range of items from ivory carvings to false teeth , piano keys , fans, dominoes [2] and joint tubes. These examples are from the Cambridge English Corpus and from sources on the web. Download as PDF Printable version. Learn More about ivory. Retrieved 3 November Soon his coffers were overflowing with revenue from rubber, palm oil, and ivory. See how many words from the week of Oct 12—18, you get right! A species of hard nut is gaining popularity as a replacement for ivory, although its size limits its usability. China was the biggest market for poached ivory but announced they would phase out the legal domestic manufacture and sale of ivory products in May By locality China Europe Kerala state Thailand. Dictionary Entries near ivory ivin ivoried ivorine ivory ivorybill ivory-billed woodpecker ivory black See More Nearby Entries. The Wildlife Conservation Society has pointed out that the global ivory trade leads to the slaughter of up to 35, elephants a year in Africa. Williams Company in Glastonbury, Connecticut , manufactured soap under the name Ivorine. Name that government! Wikimedia Commons. Definitions Clear explanations of natural written and spoken English. The hard, smooth, yellowish-white substance forming the teeth and tusks of certain animals, such as the tusks of elephants and walruses and the teeth of certain whales. All ivory gulls were observed in small areas of open water in large expanses covered with mostly solid sea ice. Early reference to the Chinese export of ivory is recorded after the Chinese explorer Zhang Qian ventured to the west to form alliances to enable the eventual free movement of Chinese goods to the west; as early as the first century BC, ivory was moved along the Northern Silk Road for consumption by western nations. Cultural depictions of elephants List of individual elephants Elephant Encyclopedia List of fictional pachyderms. Ivory was prized for containers due to its ability to keep an airtight seal. Ivory Reviews Make Love, Not War: the sexual revolution, an unfettered history. In Southeast Asian countries, where Muslim Malay peoples live, such as Malaysia , Indonesia and the Philippines , ivory was the material of choice for making the handles of kris daggers. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3. The Ivory Dishwashing Liquid bottle does not list the products ingredients. Dictionary Entries near ivory ivin ivoried ivorine ivory ivorybill ivory-billed woodpecker ivory black See More Nearby Entries. The Syrian and North African elephant populations were reduced to extinction, probably due to the demand for ivory in the Classical world. The evidence from these workshops shows that the craftsmen were producing prestige valuables: enamels, glassware, ivories, bonework and elaborate metalwork. Identification guide for ivory and ivory substitutes. Williams put soap, Glastonbury on The Map". The Art of Opium Antiques. Also called vegetable ivory. Even the ivory towers of academia were affected. The Morgan Casket , an 11th-century ivory casket attributed to Southern Italy, currently in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Library of Congress. During the Art Deco era from to , dozens if not hundreds of European artists used ivory in the production of chryselephantine statues. Examples of ivory in a Sentence a carved piece of ivory Recent Examples on the Web The strands are then colored using vegetable dyes, creating the shades of ivory , brown, clay red, and indigo blue that are associated with many arts of the Kuba kingdom. Ivory bar soap is whipped with air in its production and floats in water. Derived forms of ivory ivory-like , adjective. Cultural depictions of elephants List of individual elephants Elephant Encyclopedia List of fictional pachyderms. Two of the most frequent users of ivory in their sculptured artworks were Ferdinand Preiss and Claire Colinet. The Guardian. Word Origin for ivory C from Old French ivurie, from Latin evoreus made of ivory, from ebur ivory; related to Greek elephas ivory, elephant. Word of the Day vindicate. We're intent on clearing it up 'Nip it in the butt' or 'Nip it in the bud'? Word Lists. English Language Learners Definition of ivory. Sign up now or Log in. Read More. Trade in the ivory from the tusks of dead woolly mammoths frozen in the tundra has occurred for years and continues to be legal. Associated Press. These examples are from the Cambridge English Corpus and from sources on the web. Most ivory used commercially once came from Africa, but this trade declined in the 20th century as the populations of African elephants shrank, and increasing worldwide concern about endangered elephant populations led to bans on the export and import of ivory. Keep scrolling for more More Definitions for ivory ivory. Add the power of Cambridge Dictionary to your website using our free search box widgets. Fish and Wildlife Service Forensics Laboratory". Ivory Read Online Derived forms of ivory ivory-like , adjective. Other African countries oppose this position, stating that renewed ivory trading puts their own elephant populations under greater threat from poachers reacting to demand.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ELEPHANT RIDING: the FACTS the Asian Elephant Is a Critically
    ELEPHANT RIDING: THE FACTS (Prepared by Belynda Zolotto) The Asian Elephant is a critically endangered species, facing a very high risk of extinction. For the Thai Asian Elephant, the primary cause of this is habitat loss. The forests and grasslands needed to support a population of elephants have been disseminated by human activity and simply no longer exist. Domesticated elephants are the answer to creating a sustainable future for Thai elephants but providing a supportive environment for elephants in an elephant village or camp/centre requires money. For the Royal Elephant Kraal Village, like other such dedicated, protective centres, tourism is an important source of income. Providing an ethical and humane riding experience for visitors is critical if their programs are to be continued in the long term. Recently claims have been circulating on the internet and media, maintaining that this practice is damaging for the elephants, even cruel. The Royal Elephant Kraal Village (the Kraal) strongly disputes this assertion and this article sets out some of the facts, and the maths, to demonstrate that elephants are well able to easily carry the weight of humans on their backs. The Kraal has gone to great lengths to ensure that the elephants in its care are well-treated, that their participation in the riding program is beneficial and that the equipment used for rides is well designed and comfortable for the elephant. The emotive claims against the practice liken the experience of carrying people on the elephant’s back to a human carrying a 50 pound backpack for nine hours a day and purport that it will lead to permanent spinal injuries.1 Instead of making exaggerated comparisons between the human experience and that of animals in order to appeal to people’s emotions, always a risky exercise, let’s look at the facts.
    [Show full text]
  • Elephant Care Manual for Mahouts and Camp Managers
    Elephant care manual for mahouts and camp managers 1 The designations and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its frontiers or boundaries. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors alone and do not imply any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO. C FAO and FIO, 2005 ISBN: 974-7946-71-8 Edited by Richard C. Lair Drawings by Sirikorn Inkom Printed by XX For copies write to: Forest Resources Officer FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Maliwan Mansion Phra Atit Road, Bangkok 10200 Thailand E-mail: [email protected] 2 Elephant care manual for mahouts and camp managers Preecha Phangkum Richard C. Lair Taweepoke Angkawanith FOREST INDUSTRY ORGANIZATION MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANISATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Bangkok, 2005 3 Foreword The number of wild elephants in Thailand has declined steadily over the last three decades, mostly because of relentless habitat destruction, and experts estimate that at present only about 1,500 wild elephants remain. Today, better management by state agencies and increased public awareness are helping the wild elephant population to stabilize. In the middle of the nineteenth century, Thailand had as many as 100,000 domesticated elephants. The number of domesticated elephants started to decline about fifty years ago, as rapidly improving roads eroded the use of elephants in transportation — the most common work in the old days.
    [Show full text]
  • Mighty War Elephants the Toy Soldier Museum’S James H
    FEATURE Mighty War Elephants The Toy Soldier Museum’s James H. Hillestad traces the history of ponderous and powerful pachyderms in warfare while providing a peek at some awe-inspiring AeroArt portrayals of the mammoth beasts in miniature Text: James H. Hillestad Photos: Tor Johnson and James H. Hillestad t is believed that the first military probably among the first confrontations savannah cousins, about the size of the application of elephants dates from Europeans ever had with war elephants. Asian elephant. The African savannah I around 1100 B.C. in India. As weapons of warfare, elephants elephant proved to be too difficult to From Asia, the use of war elephants were used mainly in charges. A charging tame for military purposes, so it was migrated to the Persian Empire, elephant was formidable in combat, never widely used. where they were used in a number reaching speeds of up to 20 mph and, War elephants were exclusively of campaigns. The Persians’ Battle of unlike horse cavalry, not easily stopped male. Faster and more aggressive than Gaugamela (331 B.C.), fought against by an infantry line equipped with spears. females, they were also taller, heavier Greece’s Alexander the Great, was The elephant’s power was based on and stronger -- and most importantly, pure brute force. It would crash into an the long tusks of the males were enemy line, trampling men with feet 19 decisive in battle. Further, it was found inches in diameter and swinging mighty that female elephants do not have the tusks up to 10 feet long. Cavalry was not temperament for fighting and so they safe either because horses, unaccustomed were rarely used in battle.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ivory King "
    NY PUBLIC LIBRARY THE BRANCH LIBRARIES 3 3333 08575 3305 u THE CENTRAL CHILDREN* S ROOM DON : CENTER 20 WES :et , NEW YORK, N.Y. 10019 THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY ASTOR, LF.NOX *"0 TILDt-N FoLKJD-.TIO.iS. C L. M 1|B| ». - A tiger's attack. By permission Illus. rated London News- Frontispiece. MARVELS OF ANIMAL LIFE SERIES. THE IVORY KING " A POPULAR HISTORY OF THE ELEPHANT AND ITS ALLIES BY CHARLES FREDERICK HOLDER ' FELLOW OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, ETC. ; AUTHOR OF "ELEMENTS OF ZOOLOGY," " MARVELS OF ANIMAL LIFE," ETC. ILLUSTRATED: NEW YORK CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 1902 TH-E NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY > . f>fiff A8TOB, LFNOX AWO THlOEN n-M i rtc» ! S. C ». Copyright, 1886, 1888, by CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS. Press op Berwick & Smith, Boston, U.S.A. C5^ X TO MY MOTHER STfjts Folume IS AFFECTIONATELY INSCRIBED- /> PREFACE. rTIHE elephant is the true king of beasts, the largest and most -*- powerful of existing land animals, and to young and old a never ceasing source of wonder and interest. In former geological ages, it roamed the continental areas of every zone ; was found in nearly every section of North America, from the shores of the Arctic Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico, and from New England to California. Where the hum of great cities is now heard, in by- gone days the trumpeting of the mastodon and elephant, and the cries of other strange animals, broke the stillness of the vast primeval forest. But they have all passed away, their extirpation undoubtedly hastened by the early man, the abori- ginal hunter ; and the mighty race of elephants, which now remains so isolated, is to-day represented by only two species, the African and the Asiatic, forms which are also doomed.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Significance of Trunk Use in Captive Asian Elephants
    Ethology Ecology & Evolution ISSN: 0394-9370 (Print) 1828-7131 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/teee20 Social significance of trunk use in captive Asian elephants Saki Yasui & Gen’ichi Idani To cite this article: Saki Yasui & Gen’ichi Idani (2016): Social significance of trunk use in captive Asian elephants, Ethology Ecology & Evolution, DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2016.1179684 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03949370.2016.1179684 View supplementary material Published online: 23 May 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 28 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=teee20 Download by: [Kyoto University] Date: 10 June 2016, At: 01:49 Ethology Ecology & Evolution, 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03949370.2016.1179684 Social significance of trunk use in captive Asian elephants 1,* 2 SAKI YASUI and GEN’ICHI IDANI 1Kyoto City Zoo, Okazaki Koen, Okazaki Houshojicho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606- 8333, Japan 2Wildlife Research Centre, Kyoto University, 2-24 Tanaka-Sekiden-cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8203, Japan Received 20 January 2016, accepted 3 April 2016 Tactile behaviour plays an important role in maintaining social relationships in several mammalian species. Touching with the tip of the trunk is a common social behaviour among Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). This is considered an affiliative behaviour; however, few studies have investigated it in detail. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether this is an affiliative behaviour and whether it has other functions. We directly observed a group of captive female Asian elephants in Thailand.
    [Show full text]
  • {TEXTBOOK} Elephant
    ELEPHANT PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Raymond Carver | 128 pages | 05 Jul 2011 | Vintage Publishing | 9780099530350 | English | London, United Kingdom Elephant - Wikipedia The seeds are typically dispersed in large amounts over great distances. This ecological niche cannot be filled by the next largest herbivore, the tapir. At Murchison Falls National Park in Uganda, the overabundance of elephants has threatened several species of small birds that depend on woodlands. Their weight can compact the soil, which causes the rain to run off , leading to erosion. Elephants typically coexist peacefully with other herbivores, which will usually stay out of their way. Some aggressive interactions between elephants and rhinoceros have been recorded. At Aberdare National Park , Kenya, a rhino attacked an elephant calf and was killed by the other elephants in the group. This is due to lower predation pressures that would otherwise kill off many of the individuals with significant parasite loads. Female elephants spend their entire lives in tight-knit matrilineal family groups, some of which are made up of more than ten members, including three mothers and their dependent offspring, and are led by the matriarch which is often the eldest female. The social circle of the female elephant does not necessarily end with the small family unit. In the case of elephants in Amboseli National Park , Kenya, a female's life involves interaction with other families, clans, and subpopulations. Families may associate and bond with each other, forming what are known as bond groups which typically made of two family groups. During the dry season, elephant families may cluster together and form another level of social organisation known as the clan.
    [Show full text]
  • Vocal Learning in Elephants: Neural Bases and Adaptive Context
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Vocal learning in elephants: neural bases and adaptive context 1 2 Angela S Stoeger and Paul Manger In the last decade clear evidence has accumulated that their vocal learning can help reveal the original selective elephants are capable of vocal production learning. Examples advantage of vocal learning in our human ancestors of vocal imitation are documented in African (Loxodonta (because the adaptive function in modern human africana) and Asian (Elephas maximus) elephants, but little is language, e.g. creating an extensive vocabulary, might known about the function of vocal learning within the natural not necessarily conform to the original function [3]). communication systems of either species. We are also just starting to identify the neural basis of elephant vocalizations. Until recently, our knowledge of the elephant brain was The African elephant diencephalon and brainstem possess limited [4]. Central to the current review are recent specializations related to aspects of neural information observations related to infrasound production and recep- processing in the motor system (affecting the timing and tion, as well as the control of the musculature involved. In learning of trunk movements) and the auditory and vocalization the context of vocal learning, the most pressing question system. Comparative interdisciplinary (from behavioral to is whether elephants possess direct connections between neuroanatomical) studies are strongly warranted to increase telencephalic neurons and the primary vocal motor our understanding of both vocal learning and vocal behavior in neurons in the brainstem controlling the vocal apparatus elephants. (following the Kuypers/Ju¨ rgens hypothesis) [5–9]. The Addresses required tract tracer studies to address this issue have not 1 Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse been conducted in elephants.
    [Show full text]
  • VIBRATIONAL COMMUNICATION in MAMMALS of the AFRICAN SAVANNAH a Literature Study on Vibrational Communication in the Context of Predator-Prey Relationships
    VIBRATIONAL COMMUNICATION IN MAMMALS OF THE AFRICAN SAVANNAH A literature study on vibrational communication in the context of predator-prey relationships Elephant using its trunk and front foot to listen to seismic signals. Photo by O’Connell & Rodwell (2019) 2nd year Msc student Nynke Wemer Student number: S2714442 Ecology & Conservation, BPE Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Eddy van der Zee, Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Groningen 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………………………….……..3 I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 3 II. EVOLUTION OF VIBRATIONAL COMMUNICATION ........................................................... 5 A. Costs and benefits of vibrational communication ....................................................................... 6 III. VIBRATIONAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS .............................................................. 7 IV. VIBRATIONAL COMMUNICATION IN AFRICAN MAMMALS ....................................... 7 A. Foot drumming............................................................................................................................... 8 B. Head drumming/dipping ............................................................................................................. 10 C. Bone conduction ........................................................................................................................... 10 V. DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Trained Elephants for Emergency Logistics, Off-Road Conveyance, and Political Revolt in South and Southeast Asia
    When Roads Cannot Be Used The Use of Trained Elephants for Emergency Logistics, Off-Road Conveyance, and Political Revolt in South and Southeast Asia Jacob Shell, Temple University Abstract Th is article is about the use of trained Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) for transportation, in particular across muddy or fl ooded terrain, clandestine off - road transportation, and during guerrilla operations or political revolts. In a sense, these are all in fact the same transport task: the terrestrial conveyance of people and supplies when, due to weather or politics or both, roads cannot be used. While much recent work from fi elds such as anthropology, geography, history, and conservation biology discusses the unique relationship between humans and trained elephants, the unique human mobilities opened up by elephant-based transportation has been for the most part overlooked as a re- search topic. Looking at both historical and recent (post–World War II) exam- ples of elephant-based transportation throughout South and Southeast Asia, I suggest here that this mode of transportation has been especially associated with epistemologically less visible processes occurring outside of state-recog- nized, formal institutions. Keywords 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, Asian elephants, Kachin confl ict, mahouts, Sepoy Mutiny, smuggling, upland Southeast Asia Introduction Since World War II, transportation by way of trained Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) has been the only mode of transport with which the world’s wealth- iest countries have had virtually no local experience.1 My aim, in this article, is to approach this much overlooked, and imperiled, method of conveyance by focusing on those transport tasks for which—so recent human experience Transfers 5(2), Summer 2015: 62–80 ISSN 2045-4813 (Print) doi: 10.3167/TRANS.2015.050205 ISSN 2045-4821 (Online) When Roads Cannot Be Used suggests—the mode seems to be intrinsically and uniquely useful.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Potential Use of Seismic Waves As a Communication Channel by Elephants and Other Large Mammals1
    AMER.ZOOL., 41:1157±1170 (2001) Exploring the Potential Use of Seismic Waves as a Communication Channel by Elephants and Other Large Mammals1 C. E. O'CONNELL-RODWELL,2*L.A.HART,² AND B. T. ARNASON³ *Center for Conservation Biology, Department of Biological Sciences 371 Serra Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5020 ²Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, California 95616 ³Tezar Inc., P.O. Box 26235, Austin, Texas 78755-0235 SYNOPSIS. Bioseismic studies have previously documented the use of seismic stim- uli as a method of communication in arthropods and small mammals. Seismic signals are used to communicate intraspeci®cally in many capacities such as mate Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/icb/article/41/5/1157/343557 by guest on 30 September 2021 ®nding, spacing, warning, resource assessing, and in group cohesion. Seismic sig- nals are also used in interspeci®c mutualism and as a deterrent to predators. Al- though bioseismics is a signi®cant mode of communication that is well documented for relatively small vertebrates, the potential for seismic communication has been all but ignored in large mammals. In this paper, we describe two modes of pro- ducing seismic waves with the potential for long distance transmission: 1) loco- motion by animals causing percussion on the ground and 2) acoustic, seismic- evoking sounds that couple with the ground. We present recordings of several mammals, including lions, rhinoceroses, and elephants, showing that they generate similar acoustic and seismic vibrations. These large animals that produce high amplitude vocalizations are the most likely to produce seismic vibrations that prop- agate long distances.
    [Show full text]
  • Management and Care of Captive Asian Elephant Bulls in Musth
    News and Briefs Gajah 52 (2020) 60-63 Management and Care of Captive Asian Elephant Bulls in Musth Janine L. Brown*, Ravi Corea, Ashoka Dangolla, E. K. Easwaran, Susan Mikota, Zaw Min Oo, Kushal Sarma and Chatchote Thitaram IUCN SSC Asian Elephant Specialist Group *Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] Introduction Pre musth Of all the challenges facing captive elephant The temporal glands begin to swell, appetite owners/managers in Asia today, none may be is reduced, and the bull may display frequent greater than those related to how to properly penile erections and masturbation. Testosterone care for musth bulls. Musth is the physical and concentrations are slightly elevated over baseline. behavioural manifestation of physiological Behavioural changes can include occasional changes that include temporal swelling, temporal defance to mahout commands. They may seek gland secretion (TGS), urine dribbling, and out females, sniff the urogenital area, and display elevated testosterone (see review, Brown fehmen. They may also check the genitals of 2014). Behavioural changes include increased other bulls to exert dominance. aggression and reduced obedience, making them more diffcult to control. There are legitimate Early musth concerns about poor welfare of musth bulls (see Fig. 1). Restraint by short tethers, social isolation, Characterized by more TGS, which becomes and lack of access to fresh food and clean water odorous as the period progresses. Behaviour exacerbate frustration and aggressive behaviours. becomes increasingly aggressive and erratic, and Repetitive behaviours, such as rocking and a bull may become unresponsive to commands. swaying, often develop in elephants under such restricted containment. Full musth Thus, a set of guidelines has been created by the Temporal glands secrete a thick tar-like fuid, Asian Elephant Specialist Group (AsESG) to and urine dribbling is continuous.
    [Show full text]
  • O'connell-‐Rodwell References, Awards and Media HONORS • Distinguished Young Alumna
    O’Connell-Rodwell references, awards and media HONORS • Distinguished Young Alumna Award, University of California, Davis, CA 10/07. • Martha Daniel Newell Scholar in Residence, Georgia College, GA 2-4/13. BOOK AWARDS Sibert Honor Book 2012 Boston Globe Horn Book Honor 2012 Outstanding Science Trade Book award 2012 ALA Notable Book Amanda Bloom Best Feminist Book for Young Readers 2012 Junior Library Guild Selection 2012 ELEPHANT AND CONSERVATION PUBLICATIONS 1. O’Connell-Rodwell CE, Wyman M, Wood JD, Redfield S, Puria S, Hart LA. (2012) Antiphonal vocal bouts facilitate group departures in free-ranging African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Bioacoustics. DOI:10.1080/09524622.2012.686166 2. O’Connell-Rodwell CE, Wood JD, Kinzley C, Rodwell TC, Alarcon C, Wasser SK, Sapolsky R. 2011. Male African elephants (Loxodonta africana) queue when the stakes are high. Ethol. Ecol. & Evol. DOI:10.1080/03949370.2011.598569 3. Thurber MI, O'Connell-Rodwell CE*, Turner WC, Nambandi K, Kinzley C, Rodwell TC, Faulkner CT, Felt SA & Bouley DM. 2011. Effects of Rainfall, Host Demography, and Musth on Strongyle Fecal Egg Counts in African Elephants (Loxodonta africana) in Namibia. J. Wild. Disease. 47(1): 172-181. 4. Forrester G, O’Connell-Rodwell CE, Baily P, Giovannini S, Harmon L, Karis R, Krumholz J, Rodwell T, Jarecki L. 2011. Testing an approach to ecological restoration: transplanting endangered Elkhorn corals in the Virgin Islands. Restor. Ecol. 9(3): 299-306. 5. O’Connell-Rodwell CE, Wood JD, Kinzley C, Rodwell TC, Poole JH, Puria S. 2007. Wild African elephants (Loxodonta africana) discriminate seismic alarm calls of familiar versus unfamiliar conspecifics.
    [Show full text]