Wulan Dwi Savitri 160722019 Program Studi Sastra Jepang Ekstensi

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Wulan Dwi Savitri 160722019 Program Studi Sastra Jepang Ekstensi FUNGSI DAN MAKNA OMAMORI BAGI MASYARAKAT JEPANG SKRIPSI Skipsi ini diajukan kepada Panitia Ujian Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatea Utara Medan untuk melengkapi salah satu syarat ujian skripsi dalam bidang ilmu sastra OLEH WULAN DWI SAVITRI 160722019 PROGRAM STUDI SASTRA JEPANG EKSTENSI FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2018 1 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA KATA PENGANTAR Segala puji syukur kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena atas rahmat dan karuniaNya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Skripsi ini disusun berdasarkan hasil penelitian tentang “Fungsi Dan Makna Omamori Bagi Masyarakat Jepang” ini mengalami banyak kesulitan, namun berkat bimbingan dan dukungan dari dosen pembimbing, maka kesulitan yang dialami dapat teratasi. Dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini penulis banyak menerima bantuan dari berbagai pihak baik berupa bimbingan maupun pengarahan, oleh sebab itu penulis ingin mengucapkan terima kasih kepada : 1. Bapak Dr. Budi Agustono MS, selaku Dekan Fakultas Imu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara. 2. Bapak Prof. Hamzon Situmorang, MS., Ph.D selaku Ketua Jurusan Sastra Jepang Universitas Sumatera Utara. 3. Bapak Prof. Hamzon Situmorang, MS., Ph.D selaku Dosen Pembimbing 1, terima kasih atas segala dukungan, kritik, dan saran yang telah diberikan sehingga skripsi ini dapat terselesaikan. 4. Bapak Alimansyar, SS., M.A., Ph.D selaku Dosen Pembimbing II yang telah bersedia meluangkan waktu dan pikiran untuk membimbing penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 5. Bapak dan Ibu Dosen Sastra Jepang Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara yang telah mendidik penulis selama menjadi mahasiswa di Jurusan Sastra Jepang. i UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 6. Kedua orang tua saya, abang saya dan adik-adik saya yang senantiasa memberi semangat, doa, moril, maupun material untuk meraih cita-cita setinggi-tingginya. 7. Kepada teman-teman saya mahasiswa Sastra Jepang Ekstensi 2016 yang tidak mungkin satu-persatu disebutkan namanya, yang telah banyak membantu dalam penyelesaian skripsi ini. Terima kasih banyak telah menemani dalam suka maupun duka, semoga skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat bagi kita semua. 8. Semua pihak yang terkait yang tidak dapat saya tuliskan namanya satu- persatu, terima kasih telah membantu dan memberi semangat dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Harapan penulis semoga Tuhan selalu melindungi kita dan semoga skripsi ini bermanfaat bagi semua orang. Penulis juga mengharapkan kritik dan saran pembaca demi kesempurnaan skripsi ini. Medan, April 2018 Penulis, Wulan Dwi Savitri NIM: 160722019 ii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... i DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... iii BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah ............................................................................. 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ...................................................................................... 5 1.3 Ruang Lingkup Pembahasan ...................................................................... 5 1.4 Tinjauan Pustaka dan Kerangka Teori ....................................................... 6 1.5 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................. 11 1.6 Metode Penelitian....................................................................................... 12 BAB II GAMBARAN UMUM TENTANG JIMAT JEPANG ................. 14 2.1 Kepercayaan Masyarakat Jepang Tehadap Jimat ....................................... 14 2.2 Sejarah Omamori ....................................................................................... 17 2.3 Simbol-Simbol Jimat Pembawa Keberuntungan Dalam Kepercayan MasyarakatJepang ...................................................................................... 21 2.3.1 Omamori ........................................................................................... 22 2.3.2 Ofuda ................................................................................................. 23 2.3.3 Maneki Neko ..................................................................................... 23 2.3.4 Boneka Daruma ................................................................................. 24 2.3.5 O-mikuji ............................................................................................ 25 2.3.6 Kaeru (Kaeru).................................................................................... 25 iii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.4 Jenis-jenis Omamori................................................................................... 25 BAB III MAKNA DAN FUNGSI OMAMORI BAGI MASYARAKAT JEPANG ........................................................................................... 35 3.1 Makna Omamori Bagi Masyarakat Jepang ................................................ 35 3.1.1 Kōtsū Anzen ..................................................................................... 36 3.1.2 Yakuyoke ......................................................................................... 37 3.1.3 Kaiun ................................................................................................ 37 3.1.4 Gakugyō jōju .................................................................................... 38 3.1.5 Shōbai Hanjō .................................................................................... 39 3.1.6 Enmusubi.......................................................................................... 39 3.1.7 Anzan ............................................................................................... 40 3.2 Fungsi Omamori Bagi Masyarakat Jepang ................................................ 40 3.2.1 Sebagai Keselamatan Saat Bepergian .............................................. 41 3.2.2 Sebagai Penangkal Bahaya .............................................................. 41 3.2.3 Sebagai Pembawa Keberuntungan ................................................... 42 3.2.4 Sebagai Keberhasilan Dalam Studi .................................................. 42 3.2.5 Sebagai Kesuksesan Dalam Berniaga .............................................. 43 3.2.6 Sebagai Keberhasilan Hubungan Dalam Percintaan ........................ 43 3.2.7 Sebagai Kelancaran Kelahiran Anak ............................................... 44 3.3 Analisis Pendapat Terhadap Omamori....................................................... 45 BAB IV KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN........................................................ 49 4.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................................ 49 iv UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4.2 Saran ........................................................................................................... 50 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ABSTRAK LAMPIRAN v UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah Jepang merupakan salah satu negara maju dan modern di kawasan Asia dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan. Selain telah berhasil membangun hampir semua bidang kehidupan, negara Jepang merupakan negara yang memiliki keragaman seni dan budaya tradisional. Kebudayaan merupakan suatu fenomena sosial dan tidak dapat dilepaskan dari perilaku dan tindakan warga masyarakat yang mendukung atau menghayatinya. Dalam kehidupan masyarakat Jepang, hal mempertahankan dan meneruskan nilai-nilai budaya merupakan komponen pendukung untuk kelangsungan hidup. Hinder dalam Tri (2013), menyatakan bahwa sejak zaman dahulu hingga sekarang, rasa penyatuan terhadap alam terwujud dalam kebudayaan, kesusastraan, maupun kesenian tradisional Jepang dan juga membawa pengaruh besar dalam banyak aspek kehidupan. Sedangkan sebagai perwujudan kebudayaan tersebut adalah benda-benda yang diciptakan oleh manusia sebagai makhluk yang berbudaya, berupa perilaku dan benda-benda yang bersifat nyata, misalnya pola-pola perilaku, bahasa, peralatan hidup, organisasi sosial, religi, seni, dan lain-lain, yang kesemuanya ditujukan untuk membantu manusia dalam melangsungkan kehidupan bermasyarakat. Masyarakat Jepang masih tetap melakukan gyoji (acara-acara tradisional) dan juga melakukan festival-festival setiap musimnya. Bahkan masyarakat Jepang mampu memperluas dan memperkenalkan nilai-nilai tradisi dan kebudayaan mereka kepada negara 1 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA lain. Kebudayaan dan tradisi tersebut sebagian besar berasal dari kepercayaan masyarakat Jepang. Masyarakat Jepang memiliki kepercayaan animis. Masyarakat Jepang kuno merasakan dan menyadari kekuatan alam dan melebihi kekuatan manusia, kekuatan magis, dan kesakralan dalam fenomena alam, seperti angin, hujan, dan guntur serta benda-benda alam seperti batu, air terjun, pohon, gunung, dan hewan. Mereka menghormati dan menyembah fenomena dan benda-benda alam tersebut sebagai kami. Selain benda-benda alam tersebut mereka juga menyembah berbagai benda lainnya seperti cermin, pedang dan batu mulia, (Alimansyar, 2017 : 12). Sehingga bagaimanapun majunya negara Jepang, mereka tetap melestarikan adat istiadat kebiasaan dan ritual-ritual rutin yang telah ditetapkan sejak dahulu. Salah satu bentuk kebudayaan tersebut adalah jimat. Jimat adalah sejenis barang atau tulisan yang digantungkan pada tubuh, kendaraan, atau bangunan dan dianggap memiliki kesaktian untuk dapat melindungi pemiliknya, menangkal penyakit dan tolak bala serta sebagai pegangan hidup yang baik yang berbentuk benda keramat
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