Environmental Impact Assessment Report Mirershorai Economic Zone
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www.pwc.com/in Environmental Impact Assessment Report Mirershorai Economic Zone Submitted to Bangladesh Economic Zones Authority September 2015 Bangladesh Economic Zones Authority (BEZA) EIA Report- Mirershorai Economic Zone Disclaimer The report has been prepared by PricewaterhouseCoopers Pvt Ltd (PwC) for Bangladesh Economic Zones Authority (BEZA). This is pursuant to the Scope of Work under the Request for Proposal document "Transaction Advisory Services for Development of Economic Zones in Bangladesh" issued by BEZA. Consortium of PricewaterhouseCoopers, Mahindra Consulting Engineers Ltd and Infrastructure Investment Facilitation Company (IIFC) has undertaken a detailed environmental survey and has developed a comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the economic zone at Mirershorai. Any third party should obtain prior consent of PwC before copying or reproducing, in whole or in part, the contents of this report. PwC disclaims any responsibility for any loss or damage suffered by any third party by taking reliance of this report. Furthermore, PwC will not be bound to discuss, explain or reply to queries raised by any agency other than the intended recipients of this report. All information in the report is intellectual property of the World Bank Our assessment and review are based on the facts and details provided to us during our discussions specific to the Project and may not be similar across the organization / state. If any of these facts or details provided to us are not complete or accurate, the conclusions drawn from subsequent complete or accurate facts or details could cause us to change our opinion. The conclusions drawn and recommendations made are based on the information available at the time of writing this report. 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The Reader agrees that PricewaterhouseCoopers Pvt Ltd., its Partners, Principals, Employees and Agents neither owe nor accept any duty or responsibility to it, whether in contract or in tort (including without limitation, negligence and breach of statutory duty), and shall not be liable in respect of any loss, damage or expense of whatsoever nature which is caused by any use the reader may choose to make of this report, or which is otherwise consequent upon the gaining of access to the report by the reader. Further, the reader agrees that this report is not to be referred to or quoted, in whole or in part, in any prospectus, registration statement, offering circular, public filing, loan, other agreement or document and not to distribute the report without prior written consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers Pvt Ltd. and the World Bank. 2 EIA Report- Mirershorai Economic Zone Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary 17 1.1. Introduction 17 1.2. Project Background 17 1.3. Project Description 18 1.4. Connectivity of the Project Site 19 1.5. Project Activities and Area Statement 20 1.6. Drainage System Development 22 1.7. Resources and Utilities Demand for Off-Site Developments 22 1.8. Cost of the Project 24 1.9. Baseline and Social Environment 25 1.10. Environment and Social Impacts of the Proposed Project 25 2. Introduction 46 2.1. Prelude 46 2.2. Project Background 46 2.3. Project Description 47 2.4. Description of Project Site 49 2.5. Need for the Proposed Project 52 2.6. Need of Study 52 2.7. Scope and Methodology of the Study 53 2.8. Limitation of the Study 54 2.9. ToR Compliance Matrix 54 2.10. Structure of the Report 58 2.11. References 59 3. Legislative, Regulation and Policy Consideration 61 3.1. Regulatory Requirements for the Proposed Project 61 3.2. Procedure for Obtaining Environmental Clearance from DoE, Bangladesh 66 4. Project Description 68 4.1. Introduction 68 4.2. Project Objective and Options 69 4.3. Interventions under selected options and Project Activities 71 4.4. Existing Infrastructure in and around the Project Site 72 4.5. Project Activities and Area Statement 76 3 EIA Report- Mirershorai Economic Zone 4.6. Project Schedule 86 4.7. Resources and Utilities Demand 86 4.8. Map and Survey Information 89 4.9. Transportation Options for the EZ 99 4.10. Cost of the Project 103 5. Description of Environment (Environment and Social Baseline) 104 5.1. Prelude 104 5.2. Site Description and Its Environs 104 5.3. Baseline Data Collection and Monitoring Stations 107 5.4. Meteorology 107 5.4.1. Temperature 109 5.4.2. Humidity 110 5.4.3. Rainfall 111 5.4.4. Evaporation 113 5.4.5. Winds 113 5.4.6. Sunshine Hours 114 5.5. Water Resources 114 5.5.1. Surface Water System & Drainage 114 5.5.2. Tropical Cyclones & Tidal flooding 117 5.5.3. Salinity 127 5.5.4. Drainage Congestion and Water Logging 128 5.5.5. Erosion and Sedimentation 128 5.5.6. River Morphology 129 5.5.7. Navigation 132 5.5.8. Surface Water Quality 132 5.5.9. Ground Water system 134 5.6. Land Resources 138 5.6.1. Archaeological Resources 138 5.6.2. Historical Events 139 5.6.3. Land Types 139 5.6.4. Soil Texture 139 5.6.5. Land Use 142 5.6.6. Topography 145 5.6.7. Seismicity 146 5.7. Agriculture Resources 148 4 EIA Report- Mirershorai Economic Zone 5.7.1. Farming Practice 150 5.7.2. Cropping Pattern and Intensity 151 5.7.3. Cropped Area 151 5.7.4. Crop Production, Damage and Constraints of Crop Production 152 5.8. Livestock and Poultry 152 5.8.1. Feed and Fodder Shortage 153 5.8.2. Livestock/Poultry Diseases 153 5.9. Fisheries 153 5.9.1. Introduction 153 5.9.2. Habitat Description 153 5.9.3. Fish Biodiversity & Migration in Feni River Estuary 153 5.9.4. Fish Production & Effort 156 5.9.5. Fisheries Management, Problem and Issues 156 5.10. Ecological Resources 156 5.10.1. Bio-ecological zone 156 5.10.2. Core Zone –Ecological assessment 156 5.10.3. Buffer Zone: Ecological Assessment 162 5.10.4. Ecosystem Service and Function 166 5.11. Socio Economic 166 5.11.1. Socio Economic Condition 166 5.11.2. Quality of Life Indicators 168 5.11.3. Income & Poverty 169 5.11.4. Infrastructure facilities 173 5.11.5. Gender & Women 175 5.11.6. Common Property Resources 178 5.11.7. Conflict of Interest and Law and Order Situation 178 5.11.8. Historical, Cultural and Archaeological sites 178 6. Identification and Analysis of Key Environmental Issues 179 6.1. Environmental Sensitivity Investigation 179 6.2. Environmental Asset 179 6.3. Environmental Hotspot 181 6.4. Likely Beneficial Impacts 182 6.5. Community Recommendations 182 6.6. Alternate Analysis 182 7. Environmental and Social Impacts 186 5 EIA Report- Mirershorai Economic Zone 7.1. Introduction 186 7.2. Impact Identification 186 7.3. Impact of Development of Economic Zone & Off-site Facilities 188 7.3.1. Pre-construction & Construction Phase 188 7.3.2. Operation Phase 189 7.4. Impact on Air Environment 191 7.4.1. Pre-construction Phase 191 7.4.2. Construction Phase 191 7.4.3. Operation Phase 191 7.5. Impact on Noise Environment 192 7.5.1. Pre-construction and Construction Phase 192 7.5.2. Operation Phase 193 7.6. Impacts on Water Environment 193 7.6.1. Pre-Construction and Construction Phase 193 7.6.2. Operation Phase 195 7.7. Impacts on Land resources 197 7.7.1. Pre-construction and Construction Phase 197 7.7.2. Operation Phase 198 7.8. Impacts on Agriculture resources 200 7.8.1. Pre-construction and construction Phase 200 7.8.2. Operation phase 200 7.9. Impacts on Fisheries 200 7.9.1. Pre-construction and construction phase 200 7.9.2. Operation Phase 201 7.10. Impacts on Eco-system 201 7.10.1. Pre-construction and construction Phase 201 7.10.2. Operation Phase 204 7.11. Impacts on Socio-Economy 205 7.11.1. Pre-construction and construction Phase 205 7.11.2. Operation Phase 207 8. Public Consultation and Disclosure 209 8.1. Introduction 209 8.2. Approach and Methodology of Pubic Consultation and Disclosure Meeting 209 8.3. Location of Public Consultation Meetings 209 6 EIA Report- Mirershorai Economic Zone 8.4.