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Los Angeles City Historical Society Newsletter Y HI IT ST C O S R E I L C E A L G S N O A Los Angeles City C S I E O T L Y E INC. H T Historical Society Newsletter LOS ANGELES 1781 VOLUME XLVI • ISSUE 3 • NOVEMBER 2013 Tunnels for Tots: The Pedestrian Tunnel Experiment in Los Angeles BY MORGAN P. YATES struck by automobiles traveling the busy thoroughfare. Following the enactments, school principal Mary Flynn t Micheltorena School on the day of Halloween, addressed the gathered students. “What are you going to the student play adopted a theme unexpected for think of tonight?” she asked. “Safety first,” came their cho- Athe time of year. Instead of the ghosts and witches ral reply. “Safety only to yourselves?” Flynn queried. Their of All Hallows Eve, the children portrayed careless ver- unified response was, “To other people too.” The year was sions of themselves, suffering the consequences of playing 1923 and there was more to fear on the streets than flying in the streets or hooking rides on the running boards of goblins that night of trick or treat. cars driven by unsuspecting adults. Also playing the roles In the 1920s as southern Californians adjusted to the of haranguing mothers, miniature Keystone Cops, and a growing presence of automobiles, concern focused on the diminutive doctor wearing a stovepipe hat, the children’s hazards that traffic posed to pedestrians – especially school- humorous pageantry enlivened a serious topic of safety. It children. Engineers and city planners considered many was a message of particular relevance for the pupils of this solutions, including an experimental pedestrian Los Angeles school, positioned along Sunset Boulevard tunnel installed near Micheltorena School in 1924 in where several children and even a few teachers had been response to appeals to the city council by teachers at the school and neighborhood parents. The tunnel measured seventy-six feet long, six feet wide by seven feet in height, and ran twelve feet under the street in order to clear gas mains and other service lines. It featured electric lights and drains connected to a nearby sewer to aid cleaning and prevent flooding. Construction cost was $11,000. It virtually eliminated student/vehicle mishaps at Michel- torena and influenced a successful 1925 bond issue for $350,000 to fund forty school tunnels. By 1940 just over one hundred subterranean paths bored their way underneath the Los Angeles cityscape, most strategi- cally located near schools. The first Los Angeles pedestrian subway was built in 1916 under the continued on page 3 Micheltorena School Tunnel under Sunset (1927) 2 Los Angeles City Historical Society November 2013 LOS ANGELES CITY HISTORICAL SOCIETY President’s Message Founded 1976 reetings everyone. As the year draws to a close OFFICERS GI want to wish you and your families the best Todd Gaydowski, President during the holiday season. I hope you will join us Charley Mims, Vice-President for our gala this year, which will be on Tuesday, Clark Robins, Treasurer December 10th, at the Wilshire Boulevard Tem- ple. Our featured speaker will be Karen Wilson, DIRECTORS Research Fellow at UCLA Center for Jewish Claudine Ajeti Studies and the Guest Curator of the current Jew- Giao Luong Baker ish Mosaic exhibit at the Autry National Center. Marcia Enger Karen will be speaking on the Jewish experience Don Esacove in Los Angeles. We are also currently working to Eddy S. Feldman select our annual award recipients. It is sure to be John E. Fisher a fun evening so please watch your mail for the Joel Fisher, Ph.D. notice. Martha Gruft We also will be mailing out ballots for our John Jackson annual Board Elections so please watch for that. Diane Kanner In many ways this has been a year of transi- Kay Tornborg tion for LACHS. We lost two lions of our organi- Paul Workman zation in 2013, Eddy Feldman and Irene Tresun, who are deeply missed. We have also seen other NEWSLETTER COMMITTEE board members retire or move on and new ones Anna Sklar, Editor step forward to take their place. Recently we have Kay Tornborg, Contributor worked to streamline our by-laws which I believe Todd Gaydowski, Contributor will make us a more efficient organization. I hope Abraham Hoffman, Reviewer & Contributor you agree that we continue to provide a value on Design by Amy Inouye, Future Studio your membership dues and will continue to sup- port LACHS through your membership. Our programs will continue in 2014 as well as LACHS our Marie Northrop Lecture Series so I very much P.O. Box 862311 look forward to seeing you all in the coming year. Los Angeles, CA 90086-2311 In the meantime I hope you and your families stay www.lacityhistory.org safe and well and I hope to see you at the gala. Thank you all for your continued support of LACHS. MEMBERSHIP CLASSES Sincerely, Active $35 Todd Gaydowski, President Senior/Student $25 Dual/Family $50 Sustaining $85 Y HI Life (individuals) $500 IT ST C O S R E I L C E A L G S N O A C Photo Credits: S I E O T L “Tunnels for Tots”: all photos © courtesy of Automobile Club of Y E INC. H Southern California Archives, all rights reserved. T LOS ANGELES “Dorothy Chandler: Trailblazer for the Arts”: 1781 photos courtesy of Harry Chandler private collection “Water and Power Associates Virtual Museum”: photos all courtesy of Water and Power Museum November 2013 Los Angeles City Historical Society 3 continued from page 1 for future construction. Santa Fe Railway tracks on In their report to county Marmion Way near Avenue supervisors, the committee 46, and served a pedestrian concluded that the tunnels walkway leading from N. were indeed magnets for Figueroa Street to the South- crime, grime and vandals. west Museum. It resulted In the early months from the necessary replace- of World War II, however, ment of a railroad culvert jittery Angelenos viewed the and therefore its role as a tunnels much more favorably pedestrian tunnel was likely as a haven against potential coincidental, according to a air raids. City engineer Lloyd 1928 report on tunnels by Aldrich revived Engineering engineers of the Automobile Bureau contingency plans Club of Southern California. Top: Pedestrian Tunnel at Santa Barbara and Western created in 1940, which Middle: Normandie Avenue School, circa 1920s The first two pur- estimated that 208,700 pose-built pedestrian tunnels people could be sheltered in in the region were constructed in the city’s storm drains and tunnels. 1918 and crossed under the Pa- Pedestrian and street railway tunnels cific Electric four-track line and were to accommodate 11,000 of the the north roadway of Huntington total. The plans never got beyond a Drive, at Topaz Street and Fern preliminary phase. Place respectively – each costing By the 1960s, city leaders again $5,500. The City of South Pasadena grappled with what to do with the built a 207-foot tunnel under the tunnels following citizen complaints same rail line in 1923. The Michel- that they were a magnet for “sex torena tunnel, the fifth pedestrian deviates and drunks.” In one tunnel tunnel in the region but the first under the San Diego Freeway, mo- designated to serve a school site, came along the following torcyclists roaring through the graffiti-tagged tube report- year. edly terrorized pedestrians. Around this time a number of Typically located mid-block and away from controlled tunnels were equipped with convex metal mirrors to allow intersections, the tunnels allowed kids to pass safely under children using them to make sure tunnel entrances were busy streets. Police officers previously assigned to stu- clear, as many of them featured ninety degree-turns. dent crossings at street level could be reassigned to other In more recent times the number of tunnels has dwin- duties, resulting in cost savings to the city. The tunnels dled, with many having been closed permanently (filled in) were compulsory for tots but elective for adult pedestrians, or else equipped with locking gates and used only under who, experience showed, often eschewed the tunnels for adult supervision. The experimental Micheltorena tunnel the more convenient but riskier street crossing. Concerns survives, fenced in, graffiti-scarred, and a forlorn reminder about crime, cleanliness of an experimental effort to mitigate the often dangerous and water intrusion in relationship between pe- the tunnels were initially destrians and cars in Los overcome, but these good Angeles. ★ feelings didn’t last. The LA County Traf- Morgan Yates is the fic Committee solicited corporate archivist for the opinions, in 1940, from Automobile Club of South- various government agen- ern California, and writes cies on the advisability of the OffRamp photo essay utilizing aerial pedestrian feature for Westways mag- bridges in lieu of tunnels azine and is also a former LACHS board member. First subway tunnel in L.A 4 Los Angeles City Historical Society November 2013 The Man Who Built Los Angeles Engineer, Mayor, Visionary and Forgotten Man BY ANNA SKLAR unless within the confines of his family. As an adult Eaton was a Radical Republican, promoted red Eaton was the man behind the plan for the Los Civil War reconstruction and was intimately involved with Angeles Aqueduct, a man-made river of water that development of city parks, roads and sewers both in Los Fwas completed 100 years ago on November 5, 1913. Angeles and Santa Monica. He made a second home in It took him several years to convince his good friend Wil- Santa Monica away from the demands of the ever-growing liam Mulholland to build an aqueduct from Inyo County city that would eventually become a metropolis.
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