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Childersj59137.Pdf Copyright by Jay Paul Childers 2006 The Dissertation Committee for Jay Paul Childers Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Cowboy Citizenship: The Rhetoric of Civic Identity among Young Americans, 1965-2005 Committee: Roderick P. Hart, Supervisor Barry Brummett Sharon Jarvis David Leal Maxwell McCombs Cowboy Citizenship: The Rhetoric of Civic Identity among Young Americans, 1965-2005 by Jay Paul Childers, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August, 2006 Flood-tide below me! I see you face to face! Clouds of the west—sun there half an hour high—I see you also face to face. Crowds of men and women attired in the usual costumes, how curious you are to me! On the ferry-boats the hundreds and hundreds that cross, returning home, are more curious to me than you suppose, And you that shall cross from shore to shore years hence are more to me, and more in my meditations, than you might suppose. --Walt Whitman, “Crossing the Brooklyn Ferry” Acknowledgements In the opening lines of Walden, Henry David Thoreau explains his reasons for going to live in solitude with nature. He writes, “I went into the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived.” If one leaves it here (the way far too many people have), Thoreau’s sentiment is a sad one—the way to live life fully is through self-reliance. There is no need for community. On a wintry New England day two and a half years ago, as I was beginning the research for this dissertation in earnest, I stood ankle-deep in snow at the site of Thoreau’s beloved cabin and was reminded of his opening words. I thought, at that moment, of this isolated path I had chosen for myself. I had been warned many times of the loneliness in writing a dissertation. Over the past two years, I have found, however, no truth in these warnings. I once read Thoreau’s words as wisdom, but this project would have failed miserably had I clung to his advice. While I have spent many hours by myself, I have never been alone, and I owe a great deal of gratitude to a wonderful community of people that have been indispensable to its successful completion. No one has been more indispensable than Rod Hart. Over the past five years I have been repeatedly amazed at the breadth of his knowledge, the depth of his sincerity, and the truth of his optimism. I have learned a great deal from him about how to be a v better teacher, scholar, and, in the end, a man. He has taught me how to be patient with my work, to be comfortable with my questions (and not my answers), and to be (I hope) a better writer. I also owe him an immense debt for even taking on a “Georgia cracker” to begin with. To think, I got all of this from a carpetbagger. I would also like to think my dissertation committee—Barry Brummett, Sharon Jarvis, David Leal, and Max McCombs. Their teaching, scholarship and advice can be found on every page. Most importantly, though, I could not have asked for four better professional role models. I am a greater person for having had the opportunity to work with them all. Next, I am indebted to a whole community of people who have played important roles for me in the Department of Communication Studies. Margaret Surratt, Deanna Matthews, and Jennifer Betancourt have been a support network that has saved me on more occasions than I can remember. I have even enjoyed the grief they gave freely. And there are more friends here who have helped along the way then I could name, although it is worth noting a few that have been particularly important in helping to shape the way I think. They include Soo-hye Han, Johanna Hartelius, John Lithgow, Tim Steffensmeier, and Amy Young. Finally, there are a number of people I have been blessed to meet along the journey of my life who have truly made me who I am. Those whose friendship I am lucky to have include Brent Barger for reminding me since we were kids that true friendship transcends all, Genevieve Nicholson for always listening to my hopes and fears without judgment, Jeremy Trabue and Selby Stebbins for showing me a different way to live, Kathleen Weir for putting up with me through the thick of it, The Poker Table Boys (Dan, Mark, Tim and Zack) for helping to fund my education, and Catherine vi Rees for keeping me sane and showing me that the world may indeed be round. You all make me believe in the humanity of humanity. vii Cowboy Citizenship: The Rhetoric of Civic Identity among Young Americans, 1965-2005 Publication No._____________ Jay Paul Childers, Ph.D. The University of Texas at Austin, 2006 Supervisor: Roderick P. Hart This study has been guided by a belief that everyone has a civic identity—a sense of self emerging from one’s response to community demands, to the processes of governance, and to the recognition of power relations—and that a number of important societal changes occurring over the last fifty years have been affecting these identities. To get at how people have been responding to these social changes, this project has asked the following questions: (1) What unique role does civic identity play in an individual’s life? (2) Given this role, are there multiple manifestations of civic identity within a given population? (3) Have the dominant rhetorical manifestations of civic identity changed over the course of late-modernity? (4) If changes are found, can these differences be reasonably connected to causal factors resulting from changes in society at large? To answer these questions, I chose to look at the language of young adults over the past forty years in seven high school newspapers from around the United States, using a set of critical probes to facilitate the message analysis conducted. viii Four emergent trends were found. American youth have increasingly become (1) cosmopolitan flaneurs, losing connection with the local as they have come to locate community at the national and international level; (2) removed volunteers, finding a sense of civic engagement in the acts of donating and volunteering while eschewing traditional forms of political participation; (3) protective critics, taking a decidedly negative stance toward the mediated spectacle of politics; and (4) independent joiners, coming to see most political issues as private matters and only joining groups for self-interested reasons. Tying these trends together, I argue that today’s young adults have adopted a kind of cowboy citizenship—somewhat homeless, somewhat distrustful, and resolutely independent. In the end, I ask how this new form of civic identity may be affecting the health of the American democracy. ix Table of Contents Chapter 1 Concerning Citizenship..........................................................................1 Why Study Identity? .......................................................................................5 Why Study Identity Today?..........................................................................10 Why Study Civic Identity?............................................................................17 Why Study Young People?...........................................................................23 Conclusion ....................................................................................................32 Chapter 2 Studying Civic Identity .........................................................................34 Method ..........................................................................................................36 Methodology.................................................................................................39 Critical Probes...............................................................................................46 Conclusion ....................................................................................................52 Chapter 3 Becoming Cosmopolitan.......................................................................55 Political Communities and the Importance of Size.......................................57 Neglecting the Local.....................................................................................62 Focus on the Nation ......................................................................................68 Going Global.................................................................................................78 Conclusion ....................................................................................................88 Chapter 4 Becoming Removed .............................................................................95 Postmodern Capitalism .................................................................................99 Networked Conventionals...........................................................................104 Networked Activists....................................................................................115 Removed Volunteers...................................................................................126 Conclusion ..................................................................................................132 Chapter 5 Becoming Protective ...........................................................................139 Political Socialization and Media Spectacle...............................................142
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