Use of Wetland Plants in Transportation

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Wetland Plants in Transportation Plant Materials for

LOUISIANA TRANSPORTATION CONFERENCE 2011 BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA

Prof. Buck Abbey, ASLA Landscape Architect Louisiana State University

Photos courtesy of Abbey Associates, Inc. Les marécages de la Louisiane Landscape Architects-Planners sont un trésor à l'état Baton Rouge – New Orleans Plants Used For Storm Water Design Drainage Basics Natural drainage system of Louisiana? -evaporation, infiltration, overland flow -swales, ditches, streams -fresh water bodies -coastal wetlands -Gulf of Mexico Limits -rainfall -soils -temperature & climate -slope Drainage Basics

Why use plants? -natural to drainage systems -filtering -slowing -soil development -evapo-tranpiration -pollutant uptake -aesthetic treatment of drainage structures Drainage Basics What Happens To Rainfall? -evaporates before hitting the ground 2% -infiltration 10% -evaporates on the ground 3% -trapped stored, transpired vegetation 5% -retained in ponds 5% to 20% -flows off of the site 55% to 75% -harvested and reused generally 0% -captured, filtered & infiltrated generally 0% Drainage Basics Where does it fall ? -rooftops 50% -parking lots, driveways, walkways 32% -turf grass areas 5% -preserved habitat 0% -landscape buffers & screens 8% -utility chases/servitudes 2% -drainage facilities 2% -storage facilities 1% Total 100% Drainage Basics

Centralized Drainage System?

Decentralized Drainage Systems? Drainage Basics Storm Water Design Basics? Q=CIA storm event, design storm, intensity, duration, coefficient of runoff, area & volume

Filter  Collect  Detain  Clean  Slowly Convey  Dispose

-Use of BMP’s for filtering, infiltration, exfiltration detention, evaporation, harvesting and reuse Drainage Basics Grading & Drainage Design Criteria? Design Storm Q =1”of rain Total Site Area TSA = 65,340SF Permeability Ratio PR= minimum 30% of site Capture Rate CR=40% of Q (201.66 CY/40,735gal) Required Landscape Areas (LA) by code 1.Street Yard Buffer, 2.Side Yard Buffer, 3.Rear Yard Buffer 4.Street Wall Planting Area, 5. VUA Screen, 6. VUA Interior 7.Minimum Canopy Cover 17.00 tree s per acre Selected Stormwater BMP’s 1.Rain Garden, 2.Planted Storm Water Buffer, 3.Sand Filter, 4.Green Parking,5.Parking Detention Drainage Basics Fundamentals Of Drainage? A. Preparation Of Good Site Design Plan 1.Drainage, 2.Circulation,3 .Building Placement

B. Site Grading Plan 1.Setting Elevations, 2.Determining Slopes, 3.Structuring Site Areas, 4. Setting Grades For CB’s, Pipe, Headwalls, Curbs, Swales, Overflows and BMP’s

C. Site Drainage Plan 1.Calculations, 2.Capture, 3.Flow Drainage Facilities Drainage and Grading Plans

Office Building Master Grading & Drainage Plan Scale1”=20’;0” Drainage Facilities Grassed Swale Drainage Facilities Green Parking Drainage Facilities Roadway Detentions & Filters Drainage Facilities Constructed Wetland Drainage Facilities Planted Roadway Buffers Drainage Facilities Highway Interchanges & Drainage

Photo Grundy County, Iowa Drainage Facilities Highway Interchanges & Drainage

Photo Olmsted’s Riverway Crossover, Emerald Necklace Boston

Photo Thepkrasattri Road Phuket,Thailand

Photo Grundy County,Iowa Planting Plan

The Wetland’s, Lafayette, Louisiana- Wetland Planting Plan Wetland Plant Schedule Wetland Plant Material Specifications Native Louisiana Storm Water Plants

Andropogon glomeratus Asclepias incarnata Baccharis halimifolia Ilex glabra

Hibiscus coccineus Crataegus opaca Helianthus angustifolius Crinum americanun Background Research Aquatic Plants of Florida Inc. Sarasota, Florida 32240 www.aquaticplantsofflorida.com/plants.asp Baker Environmental Nursery, Hoschton, Georgia 30548 http://bakerenvironmentalnursery.com/index.html Central Florida Lands & Timber Nursery, Mayo, Florida 32066

Environmental Concern St.Michael, Maryland 21663 www.wetland.org/nursery_plantlist.htm Florida Aquatic Nurseries, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33325

Louisiana Growers, Amite, Louisiana 70442

Odenwald,Turner, Southern Plants, Claitors, Baton Rouge, LA.2006

______Wetland Plants of the New Orleans,District ,U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New Orleans District,1977 Types and Standards for Plants STANDARDS Plant Types* OBL-Obligate Wetland Plant, occur almost always in wetlands 90% of the time

FACW-Facultative Wetland Plant equally likely to occur in wetlands or non- wetlands 34%-66% of the time. FACU-Facultative Upland Plants usually occurs in non-wetlands 67-99% of the time, but occasionally found in wetlands an estimated 1% of the time.

Water Tolerance measured by depth in inches, <6”, 6”-12”, 12”-18” ,>18”

Duration of Inundation. 1. Permanent: tolerates inundation or saturation from 76-100% of growing season 2. Regular: tolerates inundation or saturation from 26-75% of growing season 3. Seasonal: tolerates inundation or saturation from 13-25% of the growing season 4. Irregular: tolerates inundation or saturation from 5-12% of the growing season

*Reference: Environmental Concern, & Baker Environmental Nursery, Aquatic Plants of Florida STANDARDS Specifications* Live Stakes-dormant live woody cuttings 2’-4’ in length, 1/2” to 1 1/2” diameter inserted into the ground to form root masses and multiple shoots. May be combined with other bioengineering materials such as geo-fabric, pins, stakes etc.

Bare Root-Bare root stock without soil but a developed root system delivered fresh and planted immediately in dormant months.

Plugs-small rooted plants or cuttings available in sizes from 1/2” to 2 ¼” diameters and ready for transplanting to containers or directly into prepared planting sites. Container Stock-container stock generally comes in the following sizes. -4”pot suitable for plugs and grass like plants with dense fibrous root systems. -1 gallon-containers for small plants or small root systems such as tubers, corms etc. -3 gallon-containers or small plants with branching roots such as shrubs. -10gallon-coptainerforlargeshrubsandtrees -20or30gallon-containersforlargetrees -60 gallon container or B&B dug specimens which require equipment for planting Louisiana Iris Series Hexagonae

Iris brevicaulis Woods Iris Iris fulva Copper Iris Iris hexagona Zig Zag Iris Iris giganticaerulea Big Blue Iris Iris Nelsonii Abbeville Iris les Series Laevigatae glis Iris virginica Blue Flag Iris de Non native marais Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris Big Blue Louisiana Iris Iris Giganticaerulea

Form: up to 2’ tall and grasslike

Foliage:straplike leaves 1-3’ long and 1-1 ½” wide fan out from base of plant; can be soft and arching or stiff and upright

Flower: typical six-petal iris flowers appear on zig-zag stems; each plant typically produces four to ten flowers which bloom in succession.

Growing Conditions: performs best in full sun to partial shade in moist acidic soils with high fertility and organic matter content. Blue Flag Iris Iris virginica

Photo Missouri Plants

Characteristics: Herbaceous perennial with sword-like leaves that grow in clumps from thick horizontal root (corm). Flowers: March - April Fruit: capsule with seeds in late summer Growth: up to 4 feet, slow rate of spread (+/- 0.2 ft per year) Shade: full sun to partial shade Habitat: wet meadows, pond and lake edges, forested wetlands Hydrology: obligate wetland species (OBL), regularly to permanently inundated up to 0.5 ft. Comments: requires full sun for flowering, limited wildlife value Native Louisiana Plant Copper Iris Iris fulva

Photo Abbey Associates Landscape Architects

Photo James Henderson Leighton Gardens Characteristics: Herbaceous perennial with sword-like leaves that grow in clumps 12” to 18” in height.. Flowers: March - April Fruit: capsule with seeds in late summer, seeds float and populate freely. Growth: up to 2 feet, slow rate of spread (+/- 0.2 ft per year) Shade: full sun for proper flowering and growth. Habitat: wet meadows, pond and lake edges, open forested wetlands Hydrology: obligate wetland species (OBL), regularly to permanently inundated up to 0.5 ft. Comments: requires full sun for flowering, limited wildlife value Native Louisiana Plant Hybrid Louisiana Iris Iris sp.

Kristi g Hybrid Louisiana Iris Iris sp

Her Highness Yellow Flag Iris

Iris pseudacorus

Form: up to 4’ tall and grasslike & evergreen But not a native plant

Foliage:pale green leaves 1-3’ long with thick midrib grow in fan-shaped clusters from base of plant

Flower: bright yellow flowers appear near tips of foliage; relatively sparse flowering

Growing Conditions: performs best in full sun to partial shade in wet boggy soils or regular garden soils. Umbrella Plant Cyperus alternifolius

Form: Clump-like up to 6’ tall with whorled leaf forms with triangular green stems up to six feet.

Foliage: Umbrellia-shaped cluster of whorled leaves with many narrow leaflets 8-12 inches in diameter..

Flower: Ring of creamy white flowers at base of each leaf cluster.

Growing Conditions: Close relative of bulrushes and sedges and grows well in flooded wet areas or constructed wetlands. Subject to winter freeze and some maintenance to keep looking nice. Requires full sun.

Photo Andromedia Botanical Garden University of Wisconsin . White Water Lilly Nymphaea odorata

Form: large, mostly round leaves float on surface of water

Flower: white flowers appear above water on stems from mid to late spring and continuing until frost

Growing Conditions: performs best in full sun to partial shade in water depths from 1-12’

Photo Wikibooks Giant Cutgrass Zinaniopsis miliaceae

Form: up to 4’ tall and grasslike; lower branches are whorled becoming alternate above

Foliage:pale green leaves around 3’ long with sharply toothed margins

Flower: whispy, riceplant-like tufts on the ends of foliage; not very promonant

Growing Conditions: performs best in full sun to partial shade in wet boggy soils Switchgrass Panicum virgatum

Photo North Creek Nurseries

Characteristics: herbaceous clumping perennial, Flowers: Slender long stalks July-September. Growth: Slow growing. Height: 2-4’ Shade: Prefers full sun but will tolerate partial shade. Habitat: Fresh marshes, open woods and wet meadows. Hydrology: Facultative wetland +. Irregular inundation and upland. Comments: Beautiful fall color with red seed heads. Adds texture to the landscape and adds a winter interest to the landscape. Controls erosion. Seeds provide a food source to birds and it provides cover for wildlife. Ground cover in wet to moist areas, used for wetland restoration. Fakahatchee Grass Tripsacum dactyloides

Photo Shirley Denton L Roger Hammer R Characteristics: largeherbaceousgrass,3-4’, Flowers: Vertical stalks, anthers orange, purple stigma July Growth: Slow growing. Height: 2-4’ Shade: Prefers full sun but will tolerate partial shade. Habitat: Marshes, swamps, wet pinelands. Hydrology: Fresh water, full sun to light shade. Moist to wet poorly drained soils, some drought tolerant. Comments: Eastern Gamma Grass native to the Everglades and can be grown from seeds and divisions. Fruit attractive to birds and butterflies Horsetail, Scouring Rush Equisetum hymale

Form: 2-3’verticle rush-like, reedy perennial herb with hollow bamboo- like stems that are not true leaves. A plant that dates to the carboniferous period.

Foliage:no true leaves but dark green stems are erect and cylindrical with thick mid-rib blackened ribs. Cone structures at ends of stems release spores. Photo ViversBarri Flower: no true flower . . Growing Conditions: performs best Photo in full sun infertile soils in wet, Missouri marshy areas of fresh water. Can Plants escape and become a plant pest if not . constrained. Cuttings root easily. . excellent water filtering plant. Three Square Bulrush Scirpus americanus (Schoenoplectus pungens)

Form: Native fresh water marsh plant

Foliage: dark green triangular stems and long slender leaves that provide animal food source

Flower: white flowers April-May

Growing Conditions: performs best in full sun in wet, marshy areas of fresh water or intermediate marshes and in water edge locations within wetlands. Excellent water filtering plant. Photo University of Florida . . Photo Avi sBoutell . Soft Rush Juncus effusus

Form: 2-5’ tall and grasslike; leafy, reddish sheaths wrap the bottom of the plant

Foliage:pale green stems are erect and cylindrical with thick midrib grow in fan-shaped clusters from base of plant

Flower: each stalk has clusters of 30-100 small, greenish-brown flowers

Growing Conditions: performs best in full sun to partial shade in wet, fresh or saltwater soils Photo Soft Rush used along edge of golf course ponds. The dark green Ecoshores, Inc. color contrasts greatly with the edge of fairway. . Bullrush Scirpus californicus

Form: 3-6’ tall and grasslike

Foliage:pale green stems are erect and triangular

Flower: Multiple florets with pistils and stamens in a single cluster of more than 5 brownish- red spikelets; toward top of stem.

Growing Conditions: performs best in full sun to partial shade in wet, freshwater soils

Photo Giant Bulrush- 6 weeks after planting. Will eventually hide bridge Ecoshores, Inc. deck. This species often used to hide drainage structures. . Pickerelweed Pontaderia cordata

Form: 18-24” stems terminating in single leaves.

Foliage: heart shaped dark green leaves.

Flower: Multiple florets with pistils and stamens in a single cluster of more than 5 brownish-red spikelets; toward top of stem.

Growing Conditions: performs best in full sun to partial shade in wet, freshwater soils; can grow in water up to 18” deep Lizard’s Tail Sauruus cernuus

Photo Environmental Concern

Characteristics: Herbaceous, perennial, non-persistent; leaves are heart-shaped and alternate. Flowers: Fragrant, 12” long, nodding spike, white blooms; June-September. Growth: Range in height from1.5’- 4.5’. Shade: Full sun in moist soil to partial shade. Habitat: Fresh tidal and non-tidal marshes, swamps and shallow water. Hydrology: Classified as an obligate wetland (OBL) plant; low salinity tolerance; tidal zone is from near mid-tide or permanent inundation; 0-12”. Comments: Thrives in moist, wet conditions. Hardy in zones 5-9. Valued by wood duck. Duck Potato-Arrowhead Sagittaria falcata

Form: stems up to 3’ terminating in single leaves.

Foliage: arrowhead shaped dark green leaves.

Flower: White flowers with yellow centers appear on tall stalks from spring to fall

Growing Conditions: performs best in full sun to partial shade in wet, freshwater soils Bulltongue Sagittaria latifolia

Form: stems up to 3’ terminating in single leaves.

Foliage: arrowhead shaped leaves.6-12” long

Flower: Three petaled white flowers with yellow centers appear on tall stalks from spring to fall

Growing Conditions: performs best in full sun to partial shade in wet, freshwater soils Elephant Ear Colocasia esculenta

Form: Upright stems up to 4’ terminating in large single leaves.

Foliage: Large ovate-cordate leaves up to2’ long with rippled edges

Flower: Pale yellow spikes up to 15” long

Growing Conditions: performs best in full sun to partial shade in moist soils with high organic matter content Broadleaf Cattail Typha latifolia Narrowleaf Cattail Typha angustifolia Photo Florida Aquatic Nursery

Photo Honeysome Aquatic Nursery Characteristics: Herbaceous/ Perennial/ Persistent Flowers: Inconspicuous in large, dense, brown terminal spike. Flowers May into June. Growth: Height: up to 6’. Growth rate: Rapid or fast growing. Shade: Requires full sun. Habitat: Fresh tidal marshes, non-tidal marshes, pond and stream edges, ditches. Hydrology: Obligate wetland, fresh water; less than 0.5 ppt in upper tidal zones. Comments: Good soil stabilizer, tolerates drought. Provides cover and nesting for canvasback, gadwall, wood duck, marsh wren, red-winged blackbird and fish. Provides food in the form of rootstock and seed for snow geese, teals, muskrats Giant Reed Arundo donax

Giant reed is a tall, naturalized, warm-season, perennial, sod- forming grass. The culms are erect, rigid, smooth, and hollow. They may be nearly 1 inch in diameter and from 6 to 13 feet tall, terminating in a 12-inch-long dense panicle reddish to buff color which shows in late summer and persists through the winter.

Makes an excellent screen plant and provides a wetland accent to any restoration project. Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis

Photo Missouri Plants Characteristics: large upright shrub or small tree. Flowers: White flower head with tubular flowers May-June Fruit: Hard brown ball persistent n winter Growth: 20’-12’ Shade: tolerates partial sun, and full sun Habitat: marshy sites, sloughs, bottom lands, creek beds and poorly drained sites. Hydrology: Facultative, fresh to water; up to 12 inches Comments: Will grow with roots covered with water a pioneer species usually associated with willow, deer and bees use the plant. Several varities offered in the trade. Titi / Leatherwood Cyrilla racemiflora

Photo Fairchild Tropical Garden

Characteristics: Semi-evergreen colonizing small tree. Flowers: Axillary racemes 4-6”fragrant white flowers May-June Fruit: Dry two cell capsule in late summer, persistent Growth: 30’-15’ Shade: tolerates partial sun, and full sun Habitat: growing in lowlands on the edges of swamps and along sandy stream banks in association with red maple, cypress Hydrology: Facultative, but does not prefer constant standing water Comments: Plant suckers from base colonizing available space with short trunks and spreading branching, best use screening Saw Palmetto Serenoa repens

Photo Fairchild Tropical Garden

Characteristics: Small evergreen clumping shrub with spiked palmate leaves. Flowers: Creamy white flowers May-June Fruit: Green to black >1/2” globose fruit late summer. Growth: 8’-10’ Shade: tolerates partial sun, and full sun Habitat: variety of soil from piney woods to poorly drained flat woods, underground stems make the plant hardy Hydrology: Facultative, but does not prefer constant standing water Comments: A plant native to St.Tammany Parish last oberseved in the1930’s along Bayou LaCombe,use for aesthetics Dwarf Palmetto Sabal minor

Form: Up to 8’ tall, mounding form with stiff, upright leaves, open canopy, short trunk with advanced age

Foliage: Pointy, fanlike leaves with 30-50 segments on smooth stems.

Flower: Creamy white flowers clustered along 6-10’ tall stems during spring and summer; flowers become small black fruit

Growing Conditions: Performs best in wet, swampy areas where it can grow to a large size Photo Abbey Associates Landscape Architects Inkberry Ilex glabra

Photo Shirley Photo Denton Will Cook Characteristics: Broad-leaved, evergreen shrub. Flower: Greenish to white blooming early May through Late June. Growth: Slow growing. Mature height: 6-12’. Spread: 6-12’ Shade: Tolerates partial shade. Fruit: Black drupe late September persisting to March. Habitat: forested seasonal wetlands, swamps, sandy woods.

Hydrology: Facultative wetland, salt resistant, tolerates salt spray, tolerates seasonal inundation. Range: Nova Scotia to Florida and to Louisiana along Coastal Plain. Comments: Shrub provides shelter, cover and nesting for birds. Fruit is an emergency winter food source for birds such as flickers, eastern bluebird, cedar waxwing, towhee, wild turkey and waterfowl. Gallberry Ilex coriacea

Photo Will Cook Characteristics: Leather-leaved, evergreen large shrub or small trees. Flower: Greenish to white blooming March-May Growth: Slow growing. Mature height: 6-12’. Spread: 6-12’ Shade: Full sun to partial shade. Fruit: Black drupe larger than Inkberry and squashed rather than globose, late August persisting to March. Habitat: forested seasonal wetlands, swamps and special prairie features called a ’Baygol,’ which is Cajunized for Bay Gall. This holly grows in association with swamp bay trees(Persea palustris) and Inkberry.

Hydrology: Fresh water swamp margins as well as poorly drained flatwoods and prairies. Comments: Shrub provides shelter, cover and nesting for birds. Fruit is an emergency winter food source for birds. Winterberry Ilex verticilata

Photo Rice Creek Watershed District

Characteristics: Broad-leaved, evergreen shrub. Flower: Greenish to white blooming early May through Late June. Growth: Slow growing. Mature height: 6-12’. Spread: 6-12’ Shade: Tolerates partial shade. Fruit: Black drupe late September persisting to March. Habitat: forested seasonal wetlands, swamps, sandy woods.

Photos George Gann Characteristics: aromatic leaves on small evergreen tree, or shrub. Flowers: May-June Creamy Yellow Fruit: September – October, ½” dark blue to black drupe with black seed Growth: 15-20’ Shade: full sun Habitat: A common evergreen plant in wetland thickets and swamps. Often attacked by leaf galls in late summer Hydrology: Facultative, seasonally wet to well drained poorly drained organic soils Comments: Useful for habitat restoration or accent tree in wet mucky soils. Wax Myrtle Morella cerifera (Myrica cerifera)

Photo College of Charleston Characteristics: broad-leaved, evergreen, or shrub. Flowers: March – June Yellowish, greenish Fruit: September – April, bluish white berry Growth: 6-15’ Shade: tolerates partial sun, and shade Habitat: tidal and brackish marshes, non-tidal marshes, swamps, sandy dunes, swales, upland hardwood forests Hydrology: Facultative, fresh to brackish water; up to 10 ppt, above mean high water to upland Comments: Tolerates drought, nitrogen fixer, fruit food source tree swallow, meadowlark, catbird, eastern bluebird, yellow-rumped warbler Dahoon Holly Ilex cassine

Photo Steven Woodmansee

Photo George Gann Characteristics: Medium broad-leaved, flowering, fruiting, native evergreen. Flowers: May Yellowish-green, Fruit: September – April, bluish white berry Growth: 6-15’ Shade: tolerates partial sun, and shade Habitat: wetland thickets, swamp margins and moist forests. Wet to moist, poorly drained soils to sandy acid soils Hydrology: Fresh water habitats, will not take salt water Comments: Inconspicuous, dioecious flowers, red drupes 1/4”diameter on female plants in winter. Attract wildlife. Black Willow Salix nigra

Form: Medium-dense tree with irregular form with upright leaning trunks

Foliage: Alternate, simple, lanceolate leaves 3-6” long

Flower: Yellow-green catkins 2-3” long

Growing Conditions: performs best in full sun in wet, freshwater soils but is tolerant of a variety of conditions

Photo Abbey Associates Landscape Architects Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum

Form Fine textured tree with upright growth pattern.

Foliage: Soft delicate feathery fernlike leaves.

Flower: Monoecious, cones on females, long dangling male flowers in late summer.

Growing Conditions: performs best in full sun in wet, freshwater soils but is tolerant of a variety of conditions

Photo Abbey Associates Landscape Architects Pond Cypress Taxodium ascendens

Form: Medium sized tree with a pyramidal crown, clear bole and often buttressed base, generally smaller than baldcypress

Foliage: Linear or awl-like and small, 3/8 inch long, held close to the twig, green to yellow green.

Flower: Males in long (3 to 5 inches) hanging panicles, females are small and occur near Taxodium ascendens in fall branch tips.

Fruit: Nearly round cone with peltate scales, 3/4 to 1 inch in diameter, initially Photos yellow green but turning brown when Abbey Associates mature. Breaks up into individual scales. Landscape Architects Growing Conditions: performs best in full sun to partial shade in wet, freshwater soils Taxodium ascendens in spring Drummond Red Maple Form: Medium-sized tree. In swamps and wetland usually seen growing in Acer rubrum var. ’drummondi’ colonies. Trunk usually clear for some distance, in the open the trunk is shorter and the crown more rounded.

Foliage: 3 to 5 palmate lobes with serrate margins, 2 to 4 inches long; light green above, whitened and sometimes hairy beneath; deep red to yellow or orange in fall

Flower: Appear March to May, usually before leaves; usually bright red but occasionally yellow.

Growing Conditions: performs equally well in low moist soils and in upland conditions

Photos Abbey Associates Landscape Architects Form: Narrow upright pyramidal deciduous tree with horizontal branching Black Gum growing to 80 feet. Cherry-like cobalt Nyssa sylvatica blue berries with several in a cluster Nyssa ogeche, Nyssa aquatica and Nyssa sylvatica’Biflora’are similar tupelo gums. Have buttressed bases.

Foliage: Simple, alternate, entire margined leaf with a few course teeth. Exceptional deep red to scarlet orange leaves in early autumn.

Flower: Appear in April or May, small, greenish not easy to see.

Growing Conditions: Grows in swamps and poorly drained areas in association with cypress, willow & maple. Moderate rate of growth. Photo USGS.gov

Photo Wikimedia commons Jean-Poi Grandmont Bitter Pecan Carya aquatica

Form: Medium to large deciduous, nut bearing, native tree with overwintering velvet reddish brown buds. Winter bark similar to Carya glabra.

Foliage: Compound leaves with 11-15 narrow, lightly back curved leaflets 6-8 inches long.

Flower: Catkine-like flowers appear March to April, usually after the leaves have come out. Fruit angled to winged with the hard outer husk splitting to reveal the nut in late fall.

Growing Conditions: Bottomland hardwood found growing in swamps and poorly drained areas where drainage is Photo poor and oxygen is deficient. A long Texas A&M Horticulture lived deciduous tree with good yellow fall color. Pumpkin Ash Fraxinus profunda ( F. tomentosa)

Form: Large deciduous tree with buttressed base if inundated for long periods of time.

Foliage: Pinnately compound leaves with ovate-oblong leaflets with entire margins.

Flower: Racemes or panicles on old wood.Not conspicuous. Produces abundant winged samaras 11/2-2 inches long.

Growing Conditions: Bottomland hardwood found growing in swamps and poorly drained areas where drainage is poor and oxygen is deficient. Photo Arboretum Volcji Potok Above.

Duke University right Overcup Oak Form: Large native tree. In forest, trunk Quercus lyrata usually clear for some distance, in the open the trunk is shorter and the crown rounded. Transplants well for use in gardens and yards.

Foliage: Leaves 6-10 inches long, Irregular form, ghost like with deep rounded lobes on a leaf that narrows at the base.

Flower: Appear March to May, usually before leaves; usually bright red but occasionally yellow. Large acorn whose cap covers 90% of the nut.

Growing Conditions: Bottomland hardwood found growing in swamps and poorly drained areas where drainage is poor and oxygen is deficient. A long lived deciduous tree with good fall color.

Photo Natural Landscape Nursery A Designed Wetland at ULL Useful References Alabama Plants http://alabamaplants.com/index.html

Aquatic Plants of Florida Inc www.aquaticplantsofflorida.com/plants.asp Baker Environmental Nursery http://bakerenvironmentalnursery.com/index.html Blue Thumb http://www.bluethumb.org/ Emerald Coast Growers http://www.ecgrowers.com/Aquatic-Plants-s/39.htm Environmental Concern www.wetland.org/nursery_plantlist.htm Florida Aquatic Nurseries http://www.floridaaquatic.com/ Georgia Storm Water Manual http://www.georgiastormwater.com/vol2/F.pdf Natives Neighborhood, http://regionalconservation.org/beta/nfyn/default.asp

N C Wetland Plants http://www.coastalplainnursery.com/pdf/SWW%20plants.pdf

Splash - Splash Web Site http://www.abbey-associates.com/splash-splash Visual Standards For Containerized Material Visual Standards Bare Root Stock For Information contact: • Abbey Associates,Inc. • 10508 North Glenstone Place • Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70810 • 225.766.0922 • www.abbey_associates.com Credits Prepared for the new Wetlands Golf Course, Lafayette, Louisiana Credits Special thanks to the photographers who have supplied images for this document.

. B e a u t i f u l L o u i s i a n a