Democracy Under Fire
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
A MACDONALD-LAURIER INSTITUTE PUBLICATION July 2020 Board of Directors Advisory Council Research Advisory Board CHAIR John Beck Pierre Casgrain President and CEO, Aecon Enterprises Janet Ajzenstat Director and Corporate Secretary, Inc., Toronto Professor Emeritus of Politics, Casgrain & Company Limited, McMaster University Montreal Erin Chutter Executive Chair, Global Energy Metals Brian Ferguson VICE-CHAIR Corporation, Vancouver Professor, Health Care Economics, Laura Jones University of Guelph Executive Vice-President of the Navjeet (Bob) Dhillon Canadian Federation of Independent President and CEO, Mainstreet Equity Jack Granatstein Business, Vancouver Corp., Calgary Historian and former head of the Canadian War Museum Jim Dinning MANAGING DIRECTOR Patrick James Brian Lee Crowley, Ottawa Former Treasurer of Alberta, Calgary Dornsife Dean’s Professor, SECRETARY David Emerson University of Southern California Corporate Director, Vancouver Vaughn MacLellan Rainer Knopff DLA Piper (Canada) LLP, Toronto Richard Fadden Professor Emeritus of Politics, TREASURER Former National Security Advisor to the University of Calgary Martin MacKinnon Prime Minister, Ottawa Larry Martin Co-Founder and CEO, B4checkin, Brian Flemming Principal, Dr. Larry Martin and Halifax International lawyer, writer, and policy Associates and Partner, DIRECTORS advisor, Halifax Agri-Food Management Excellence, Wayne Critchley Robert Fulford Inc. Senior Associate, Global Public Former Editor of Saturday Night Christopher Sands Affairs, Ottawa magazine, columnist with the National Senior Research Professor, Johns Blaine Favel Post, Ottawa Hopkins University CEO, Kanata Earth Inc., Cut Knife, Wayne Gudbranson Elliot Tepper Saskatchewan CEO, Branham Group Inc., Ottawa Senior Fellow, Norman Paterson Colleen Mahoney School of International Affairs, Calvin Helin Carleton University Sole Principal, Committee Digest, Aboriginal author and entrepreneur, William Watson Toronto Vancouver Associate Professor of Economics, Jayson Myers David Mulroney McGill University CEO, Jayson Myers Public Affairs Former Canadian Ambassador to China, Inc., Aberfoyle Toronto Dan Nowlan Peter John Nicholson Vice Chair, Investment Banking, National Bank Financial, Toronto Inaugural President, Council of Canadian Academies, Annapolis Royal Hon. Christian Paradis Co-founder and Senior advisor, Hon. Jim Peterson Global Development Solutions, Former federal cabinet minister, Montréal Counsel at Fasken Martineau, Toronto Gerry Protti Barry Sookman Chairman, BlackSquare Inc. Senior Partner, McCarthy Tétrault, Calgary Toronto Vijay Sappani Jacquelyn Thayer Scott CEO, Ela Capital Inc., Toronto Past President and Professor, Cape Breton University, Sydney Veso Sobot Director of Corporate Affairs, IPEX Rob Wildeboer Group of Companies, Toronto Executive Chairman, Martinrea International Inc., Vaughan ForFor more more information information visit: visit: www.MacdonaldLaurier.ca www.MacdonaldLaurier.ca Contents Board of Directors Advisory Council Research Advisory Board CHAIR John Beck Pierre Casgrain President and CEO, Aecon Enterprises Janet Ajzenstat Director and Corporate Secretary, Inc., Toronto Professor Emeritus of Politics, Casgrain & Company Limited, McMaster University Executive Summary / Sommaire ...................................................................... 4 Montreal Erin Chutter Executive Chair, Global Energy Metals Brian Ferguson VICE-CHAIR Corporation, Vancouver Professor, Health Care Economics, Laura Jones University of Guelph Introduction ............................................................................................................ 9 Executive Vice-President of the Navjeet (Bob) Dhillon Canadian Federation of Independent President and CEO, Mainstreet Equity Jack Granatstein Business, Vancouver Corp., Calgary Historian and former head of the Canadian War Museum The CCP sharp power playbook ..................................................................... 12 Jim Dinning MANAGING DIRECTOR Patrick James Brian Lee Crowley, Ottawa Former Treasurer of Alberta, Calgary Dornsife Dean’s Professor, SECRETARY David Emerson University of Southern California Taiwan’s responses ........................................................................................... 26 Corporate Director, Vancouver Vaughn MacLellan Rainer Knopff DLA Piper (Canada) LLP, Toronto Richard Fadden Professor Emeritus of Politics, TREASURER Former National Security Advisor to the University of Calgary Lessons for Canada and other democratic societies .............................. 28 Martin MacKinnon Prime Minister, Ottawa Larry Martin Co-Founder and CEO, B4checkin, Brian Flemming Principal, Dr. Larry Martin and Halifax International lawyer, writer, and policy Associates and Partner, Conclusions ........................................................................................................... 31 DIRECTORS advisor, Halifax Agri-Food Management Excellence, Wayne Critchley Robert Fulford Inc. Senior Associate, Global Public Former Editor of Saturday Night Christopher Sands About the author ................................................................................................ 34 Affairs, Ottawa magazine, columnist with the National Senior Research Professor, Johns Blaine Favel Post, Ottawa Hopkins University CEO, Kanata Earth Inc., Cut Knife, Wayne Gudbranson Elliot Tepper References ............................................................................................................. 35 Saskatchewan CEO, Branham Group Inc., Ottawa Senior Fellow, Norman Paterson Colleen Mahoney School of International Affairs, Calvin Helin Carleton University Sole Principal, Committee Digest, Aboriginal author and entrepreneur, Endnotes .............................................................................................................. 47 William Watson Toronto Vancouver Associate Professor of Economics, Jayson Myers David Mulroney McGill University CEO, Jayson Myers Public Affairs Former Canadian Ambassador to China, Inc., Aberfoyle Toronto Dan Nowlan Peter John Nicholson Vice Chair, Investment Banking, National Bank Financial, Toronto Inaugural President, Council of Canadian Academies, Annapolis Royal Hon. Christian Paradis Co-founder and Senior advisor, Hon. Jim Peterson Global Development Solutions, Former federal cabinet minister, Montréal Counsel at Fasken Martineau, Toronto Cover photo credits: iStock (modified) Gerry Protti Barry Sookman Chairman, BlackSquare Inc. Senior Partner, McCarthy Tétrault, Copyright © 2020 Macdonald-Laurier Institute. May be reproduced freely for non-profit and educational purposes. Calgary Toronto Vijay Sappani Jacquelyn Thayer Scott The author of this document has worked independently and is solely responsible CEO, Ela Capital Inc., Toronto Past President and Professor, Cape Breton University, Sydney for the views presented here. The opinions are not necessarily those of the Veso Sobot Macdonald-Laurier Institute, its Directors or Supporters. Director of Corporate Affairs, IPEX Rob Wildeboer Group of Companies, Toronto Executive Chairman, Martinrea International Inc., Vaughan For more information visit: www.MacdonaldLaurier.ca Executive Summary anada has a large Chinese diaspora that, amid closer economic and social C interactions with China, has also become the target in recent years of at- tempts by Beijing to manipulate government policy, society, and academic in- stitutions. Among the many reasons why China has the incentive to use “sharp power” to interfere with Canada are the latter’s membership in the Five Eyes intelligence community and NATO; its longstanding alliance with China’s prin- cipal competitor, the United States; and a democratic system and observance of rule of law based largely on Western concepts that have increasingly clashed with the CCP’s revisionist – and now arguably global – aspirations. Like other countries, Canada has been playing catch up as it attempts to bet- ter understand the nature, mores, and ideology of this increasingly assertive “frenemy.” Consequently, we need to closely study other societies that, over the years, have had to conjugate with this particular type of interference. A good example of such a society is Taiwan, which has had to balance close economic, social, and geographical interactions with its large, despotic, and irredentist neighbour while preserving its sovereignty and way of life. Taiwan does not provide a template, but it certainly is an example of resilience whose response to this external challenge can serve as an inspiration to all. Chinese influence operations received special attention following the 2016 election in Taiwan of President Tsai Ing-wen of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) and greater awareness worldwide of Beijing’s sharp power ef- forts abroad. Yet the CCP’s reliance on political warfare is as old as the party itself. While its use of political warfare undeniably increased markedly after Tsai assumed the presidency on May 20, 2016, China’s efforts to penetrate, co-opt, and weaken Taiwan’s state institutions, political parties, and civic or- ganizations already constituted an aspect of its overall strategy vis-à-vis Taiwan even when Tsai’s more Beijing-friendly predecessor was in office from 2008 to 2016. While more constructive and less belligerent aspects of Beijing’s strategy to- ward Taiwan were given greater weight during the Ma years, political war- fare was always present. Tsai’s election and the DPP’s capturing of a majority 4 DEMOCRACY UNDER FIRE: