DOCSLIB.ORG

Analysis of the Lithic Debitage from the Older-Than-Clovis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Analysis of the Lithic Debitage from the Older-Than-Clovis ANALYSIS OF THE LITHIC DEBITAGE FROM THE OLDER-THAN-CLOVIS STRATIGRAPHIC LAYERS OF THE GAULT SITE, TEXAS by Jennifer L. Gandy, B.A. A thesis submitted to the Graduate Council of Texas State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts with a Major in Anthropology December 2013 Committee Members: C. Britt Bousman, Chair Michael B. Collins Stephen L. Black COPYRIGHT by Jennifer L. Gandy 2013 FAIR USE AND AUTHOR’S PERMISSION STATEMENT Fair Use This work is protected by the Copyright Laws of the United States (Public Law 94-553, section 107). Consistent with fair use as defined in the Copyright Laws, brief quotations from this material are allowed with proper acknowledgment. Use of this material for financial gain without the author’s express written permission is not allowed. Duplication Permission As the copyright holder of this work I, Jennifer L. Gandy, authorize duplication of this work, in whole or in part, for educational or scholarly purposes only. DEDICATION To my parents, Edith and Paul Gandy, for all their love and encouragement. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Michael Collins and Dr. Britt Bousman for always taking time out of their busy schedules to talk with me, and for helping me to think through problems and to see things in a different light. I am grateful for all of their help in teaching me how to run statistical analyses and in how to interpret statistical results. Also, I would like thank Dr. Stephen Black and Dr. Kent Reilly for their kind words of encouragement in all my work and for always making me smile. Thank you all for making my time at Texas State University memorable and enjoyable. Additionally, I would like to thank everyone at the Gault Project laboratory at Texas State. I am grateful to Nancy Littlefield, Tom Williams, Sergio Ayala, and Dr. Clark Wernecke, who all shared their time, work, and laughter with me. Thank you all for patiently helping me by reading over my numerous drafts and for helping me to gather information and images for my thesis. Further, I would like to thank my friends and classmates. Thanks go to Robert Lassen and Anastasia Gilmer for their encouragement and for always being willing to listen to me and to help me find resources for my work, even when they were busy with their own dissertation and thesis, respectively. Special thanks go to Jennifer Anderson for always taking time to share thoughts, laughter, and a cup of coffee with me. Her encouragement and understanding truly helped me make it through each step in the process of completing this thesis and in earning my Master’s degree. v Finally, I thank my family for all of their support, for always believing in me, and for helping me at every point in my journey. Thank you for your unconditional love and willingness to push me to be the best I can be. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. ix LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... xiv CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................1 Goals of this Study .......................................................................................1 Chapter Outline ............................................................................................2 II. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................4 Acceptance of the Earliest Human Occupations of the Americas ...............4 The Gault Site ............................................................................................15 Area 15 and the Stratigraphic Integrity of the Gault Site ..........................19 Debitage Analysis: What is debitage, how is it analyzed, and why? .........28 III. METHODS .....................................................................................................33 Materials and Preparations for Analysis ....................................................33 Attributes and Measurements ....................................................................34 Statistical Analyses ....................................................................................41 IV. RESULTS .......................................................................................................42 Entire Sample .............................................................................................42 Flake Types ................................................................................................48 Normal Flakes ................................................................................48 Biface Thinning Flakes ..................................................................51 Sequent Flakes ...............................................................................55 Blades .............................................................................................57 Other Flakes ...................................................................................58 vii Cluster Analyses ........................................................................................64 Scatterplots and Linear Regression ............................................................64 Spatial Distribution of Flakes ....................................................................68 V. DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................75 Flake Patterns .............................................................................................75 OTC Technology .......................................................................................80 Lithic Raw Materials: Local or Exotic? .....................................................83 Tentative Comparison with Gault Clovis Biface Technology ...................84 Flake Spatial Distribution: Flake Locations by Unit .................................88 Flake Spatial Distribution: Flake Locations by Elevation .........................90 VI. CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................92 APPENDIX A: DEFINITIONS AND IMAGES ...............................................................97 APPENDIX B: METRIC AND STATISTICAL TABLES .............................................115 APPENDIX C: REGRESSION OUTPUT FIGURES .....................................................148 APPENDIX D: SPATIAL ANALYSIS DATA TABLES ..............................................164 LITERATURE CITED ....................................................................................................168 viii LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Flake counts and percentages of flake condition ..........................................................42 2. Metrics of the entire sample ..........................................................................................43 3. Metrics of the whole flakes ...........................................................................................43 4. Metrics of the total broken flakes .................................................................................44 5. Metrics of only the transversely broken flakes .............................................................44 6. Metrics of only the longitudinally broken flakes ..........................................................45 7. Flake counts and percentages by flake types ................................................................48 A-1. Flake condition .........................................................................................................98 A-2. Flake terminations ....................................................................................................99 A-3. Flake types ..............................................................................................................101 A-4. Dorsal cortex ...........................................................................................................104 A-5. Bulb of percussion ..................................................................................................105 A-6. Type of platform .....................................................................................................106 A-7. Lipping ....................................................................................................................108 A-8. Platform traits .........................................................................................................109 A-9. Thermal damage .....................................................................................................111 A-10. Metrics ..................................................................................................................112 ix B-1. Chi-square: flake type by terminations ...................................................................116 B-2. Chi-square: flake type by bulb of percussion .........................................................116 B-3. Chi-square: flake type by lipping ............................................................................117 B-4. Chi-square: flake type by the amount of dorsal cortex ...........................................117 B-5. Chi-square: flake type by thermal damage .............................................................118
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Darwin's Legacy
    Darwin’s Darwin’s Legacy: Legacy: 24 TheThe Status Status of Evolutionary of Evolutionary ArchaeologyArchaeology in Argentina in Argentina Tribute to the 200th anniversary of the Editedbirth by of Charles Darwin and the 150th Marceloanniversary Cardillo & ofHernán the publication Muscio of The Origin of Species El Legado de Darwin: El estado de la Arqueología Evolucionista en Argentina Homenaje a los 200 años del nacimiento de Charles Darwin y a los 150 años de la publicación de El Origen de las Especies Access Archaeology o hae pre rc s A s A y c g c e o l s o s e A a r c Ah Edited by Marcelo Cardillo & Hernán Muscio Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Gordon House 276 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 7ED www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978 1 78491 270 3 (e-Pdf) ISBN 978 1 78491 276 5 © Archaeopress and the individual authors 2016 South American Archaeology Series No 24 Series Editor Andrés D. Izeta All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. Contents PREFACE ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� v Hernán Muscio, Marcelo Cardillo Introduction: Evolutionary Archaeology a comprehensive framework �������������������������������������� vii Hernán MUSCIO, Marcelo CARDILLO References �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������xiii
    [Show full text]
  • Science in Archaeology: a Review Author(S): Patrick E
    Science in Archaeology: A Review Author(s): Patrick E. McGovern, Thomas L. Sever, J. Wilson Myers, Eleanor Emlen Myers, Bruce Bevan, Naomi F. Miller, S. Bottema, Hitomi Hongo, Richard H. Meadow, Peter Ian Kuniholm, S. G. E. Bowman, M. N. Leese, R. E. M. Hedges, Frederick R. Matson, Ian C. Freestone, Sarah J. Vaughan, Julian Henderson, Pamela B. Vandiver, Charles S. Tumosa, Curt W. Beck, Patricia Smith, A. M. Child, A. M. Pollard, Ingolf Thuesen, Catherine Sease Source: American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 99, No. 1 (Jan., 1995), pp. 79-142 Published by: Archaeological Institute of America Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/506880 Accessed: 16/07/2009 14:57 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=aia. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Pocket Product Guide 2006
    THENew Digital Platform MIPTV 2012 tm MIPTV POCKET ISSUE & PRODUCT OFFILMGUIDE New One Stop Product Guide Search at the Markets Paperless - Weightless - Green Read the Synopsis - Watch the Trailer BUSINESSC onnect to Seller - Buy Product MIPTVDaily Editions April 1-4, 2012 - Unabridged MIPTV Product Guide + Stills Cher Ami - Magus Entertainment - Booth 12.32 POD 32 (Mountain Road) STEP UP to 21st Century The DIGITAL Platform PUBLISHING Is The FUTURE MIPTV PRODUCT GUIDE 2012 Mountain, Nature, Extreme, Geography, 10 FRANCS Water, Surprising 10 Francs, 28 Rue de l'Equerre, Paris, Delivery Status: Screening France 75019 France, Tel: Year of Production: 2011 Country of +33.1.487.44.377. Fax: +33.1.487.48.265. Origin: Slovakia http://www.10francs.f - email: Only the best of the best are able to abseil [email protected] into depths The Iron Hole, but even that Distributor doesn't guarantee that they will ever man- At MIPTV: Yohann Cornu (Sales age to get back.That's up to nature to Executive), Christelle Quillévéré (Sales) decide. Office: MEDIA Stand N°H4.35, Tel: + GOOD MORNING LENIN ! 33.6.628.04.377. Fax: + 33.1.487.48.265 Documentary (50') BEING KOSHER Language: English, Polish Documentary (52' & 92') Director: Konrad Szolajski Language: German, English Producer: ZK Studio Ltd Director: Ruth Olsman Key Cast: Surprising, Travel, History, Producer: Indi Film Gmbh Human Stories, Daily Life, Humour, Key Cast: Surprising, Judaism, Religion, Politics, Business, Europe, Ethnology Tradition, Culture, Daily life, Education, Delivery Status: Screening Ethnology, Humour, Interviews Year of Production: 2010 Country of Delivery Status: Screening Origin: Poland Year of Production: 2010 Country of Western foreigners come to Poland to expe- Origin: Germany rience life under communism enacted by A tragicomic exploration of Jewish purity former steel mill workers who, in this way, laws ! From kosher food to ritual hygiene, escaped unemployment.
    [Show full text]
  • Annotated Atlatl Bibliography John Whittaker Grinnell College Version June 20, 2012
    1 Annotated Atlatl Bibliography John Whittaker Grinnell College version June 20, 2012 Introduction I began accumulating this bibliography around 1996, making notes for my own uses. Since I have access to some obscure articles, I thought it might be useful to put this information where others can get at it. Comments in brackets [ ] are my own comments, opinions, and critiques, and not everyone will agree with them. The thoroughness of the annotation varies depending on when I read the piece and what my interests were at the time. The many articles from atlatl newsletters describing contests and scores are not included. I try to find news media mentions of atlatls, but many have little useful info. There are a few peripheral items, relating to topics like the dating of the introduction of the bow, archery, primitive hunting, projectile points, and skeletal anatomy. Through the kindness of Lorenz Bruchert and Bill Tate, in 2008 I inherited the articles accumulated for Bruchert’s extensive atlatl bibliography (Bruchert 2000), and have been incorporating those I did not have in mine. Many previously hard to get articles are now available on the web - see for instance postings on the Atlatl Forum at the Paleoplanet webpage http://paleoplanet69529.yuku.com/forums/26/t/WAA-Links-References.html and on the World Atlatl Association pages at http://www.worldatlatl.org/ If I know about it, I will sometimes indicate such an electronic source as well as the original citation. The articles use a variety of measurements. Some useful conversions: 1”=2.54
    [Show full text]
  • Phase 2 Stage 1 Eastchurch, Isle of Sheppey, Kent
    Wessex Archaeology Kingsborough Manor Phase 2 Stage 1 Eastchurch, Isle of Sheppey, Kent Assessment of Archaeological Excavation Results Ref: 57170.01 October 2005 KINGSBOROUGH MANOR PHASE 2 STAGE 1 EASTCHURCH, ISLE OF SHEPPEY, KENT Assessment of Archaeological Excavation Results Prepared on behalf of Jones Homes (Southern) Ltd 3 White Oak Square Swanley Kent BR8 7AG by Wessex Archaeology Portway House Old Sarum Park Salisbury SP4 6EB Report reference: 57170.01 October 2005 © Wessex Archaeology Limited 2005 all rights reserved Wessex Archaeology Limited is a Registered Charity No. 287786 KINGSBOROUGH MANOR PHASE 2 STAGE 1 EASTCHURCH, ISLE OF SHEPPEY, KENT SUMMARY Wessex Archaeology was commissioned by Jones Homes (Southern) Ltd to conduct archaeological excavations on land associated with Phase 2 Stage 1 of an ongoing, low- density housing development. The Phase 2 Stage 1 site was located north east of Kingsborough Farm, Eastchurch, Isle of Sheppey, Kent, and to the north west of Kingsborough Manor housing development Phase 1 (Fig. 1). Work was undertaken between July and September 2004 and was carried out as a condition of planning permission for the development granted by Swale District Council and pursuant to a specification issued by the Heritage Conservation Group of Kent County Council. This report provides a brief summary of the excavation results. The Site (NGR 597725 172394) comprised an area of land totalling approximately 15,759m² and was located to the north of Kingsborough Farm, 2km south-east of Minster and c. 1.25km to the north-west of the village of Eastchurch, Isle of Sheppey. It occupies an elevated position on the Isle of Sheppey, close to the north eastern edge of a ridge extending east-west along the island, with commanding views to the north and east over the Thames and the Essex coast.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparison of Shovel Testing and Surface Collection As Archaeological Site Discovery Methods: a Case Study Using Mississippian Farmsteads
    University of Mississippi eGrove Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2016 A Comparison Of Shovel Testing And Surface Collection As Archaeological Site Discovery Methods: A Case Study Using Mississippian Farmsteads Cameron Smith Howell University of Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Howell, Cameron Smith, "A Comparison Of Shovel Testing And Surface Collection As Archaeological Site Discovery Methods: A Case Study Using Mississippian Farmsteads" (2016). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 337. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd/337 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A COMPARISON OF SHOVEL TESTING AND SURFACE COLLECTION AS ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE DISCOVERY METHODS: A CASE STUDY USING MISSISSIPPIAN FARMSTEADS A Thesis presented in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology The University of Mississippi By CAMERON SMITH HOWELL May 2016 Copyright Cameron Smith Howell 2016 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT Shovel testing and controlled surface collection are common methods of archaeological site investigation that are generally approved by state and federal agencies as well as the academic community for cultural resource management projects and research. While both techniques are equally utilized, little research has been conducted on how equivalent these techniques are in terms of their efficacy for finding site. This thesis seeks to find a way to compare these techniques by creating Mathematical Models to describe how well the methods behave when tested on known datasets generated from Mississippian period farmsteads.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume Information Department of Anthropology
    New Mexico Anthropologist Volume 6 | Issue 4 Article 3 12-1-1943 Volume Information Department of Anthropology Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nm_anthropologist Recommended Citation Anthropology, Department of. "Volume Information." New Mexico Anthropologist 6, 4 (1943): 171-174. https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nm_anthropologist/vol6/iss4/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Anthropology at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in New Mexico Anthropologist by an authorized editor of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INDEX VOLS. I-VII Abilene, Tex., culture, archaeology of, I, 44 Artifacts, flint,of Great Plains-by Baker, Adze, elk antler, distribution of, in Cali- II, 83; relation of, to geological struc- fornia, III, 24 ture-by Baker, II, 83 Alaska muck deposits, archaeology of, V, Atlatl dart, from Pershing Co., Nevada, 151 II, 70 Alluvial sites, in central New Mexico, VI- Ayllu, Peruvian, origin of, IV, 2 VII, 19 American Association for Advancement of BAILEY, FLORA L.: See L. C. Wyman Science, Southwestern Division, April Baker: Flint Artifacts of Great Plains- 1938 meeting, exhibits and displays, II, summary of, II, 83; Relation of Arti- 87; papers presented, II, 80 facts to Geological Structure-summary Andean archaeological area, notes on, I, 68 of, II, 83 Anthropo-geography,in Mexico and U. S., BAKER, ELE M.: SUMMARY OF PLEISTOCENE IV, 49 FINDS IN NORTH AMERICA, I, 41 Anthropology,history of, in Brazil, V, 99; Baldwin: New Pottery Type from Eastern and the Museum-by Bartlett, II, 85; Arizona-summary of, II, 83 status of, in Chile, V, 55; status of, in Bartlett: Anthroplogy and the Museum- western U.
    [Show full text]
  • Whittaker-Annotated Atlbib July 31 2014
    1 Annotated Atlatl Bibliography John Whittaker Grinnell College version of August 2, 2014 Introduction I began accumulating this bibliography around 1996, making notes for my own uses. Since I have access to some obscure articles, I thought it might be useful to put this information where others can get at it. Comments in brackets [ ] are my own comments, opinions, and critiques, and not everyone will agree with them. I try in particular to note problems in some of the studies that are often cited by others with less atlatl knowledge, and correct some of the misinformation. The thoroughness of the annotation varies depending on when I read the piece and what my interests were at the time. The many articles from atlatl newsletters describing contests and scores are not included. I try to find news media mentions of atlatls, but many have little useful info. There are a few peripheral items, relating to topics like the dating of the introduction of the bow, archery, primitive hunting, projectile points, and skeletal anatomy. Through the kindness of Lorenz Bruchert and Bill Tate, in 2008 I inherited the articles accumulated for Bruchert’s extensive atlatl bibliography (Bruchert 2000), and have been incorporating those I did not have in mine. Many previously hard to get articles are now available on the web - see for instance postings on the Atlatl Forum at the Paleoplanet webpage http://paleoplanet69529.yuku.com/forums/26/t/WAA-Links-References.html and on the World Atlatl Association pages at http://www.worldatlatl.org/ If I know about it, I will sometimes indicate such an electronic source as well as the original citation, but at heart I am an old-fashioned paper-lover.
    [Show full text]
  • Olde New Mexico
    Olde New Mexico Olde New Mexico By Robert D. Morritt Olde New Mexico, by Robert D. Morritt This book first published 2011 Cambridge Scholars Publishing 12 Back Chapman Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2XX, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2011 by Robert D. Morritt All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-2709-6, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-2709-6 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ................................................................................................... vii Preface........................................................................................................ ix Sources ....................................................................................................... xi The Clovis Culture ...................................................................................... 1 Timeline of New Mexico History................................................................ 5 Pueblo People.............................................................................................. 7 Coronado ................................................................................................... 11 Early El Paso ............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeology: the Key Concepts Is the Ideal Reference Guide for Students, Teachers and Anyone with an Interest in Archaeology
    ARCHAEOLOGY: THE KEY CONCEPTS This invaluable resource provides an up-to-date and comprehensive survey of key ideas in archaeology and their impact on archaeological thinking and method. Featuring over fifty detailed entries by international experts, the book offers definitions of key terms, explaining their origin and development. Entries also feature guides to further reading and extensive cross-referencing. Subjects covered include: ● Thinking about landscape ● Cultural evolution ● Social archaeology ● Gender archaeology ● Experimental archaeology ● Archaeology of cult and religion ● Concepts of time ● The Antiquity of Man ● Feminist archaeology ● Multiregional evolution Archaeology: The Key Concepts is the ideal reference guide for students, teachers and anyone with an interest in archaeology. Colin Renfrew is Emeritus Disney Professor of Archaeology and Fellow of the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge. Paul Bahn is a freelance writer, translator and broadcaster on archaeology. YOU MAY ALSO BE INTERESTED IN THE FOLLOWING ROUTLEDGE STUDENT REFERENCE TITLES: Archaeology: The Basics Clive Gamble Ancient History: Key Themes and Approaches Neville Morley Who’s Who in Ancient Egypt Michael Rice Who’s Who in the Ancient Near East Gwendolyn Leick Who’s Who in the Greek World John Hazel Who’s Who in the Roman World John Hazel ARCHAEOLOGY The Key Concepts Edited by Colin Renfrew and Paul Bahn LONDON AND NEW YORK First published 2005 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX 14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • 310552 1 En Bookbackmatter 257..290
    Bibliography Adami, Norbert R. (1991). Religion und Schamanismus der Ainu auf Sachalin. Ein Beitrag zur historischen Völkerkunde Nordostasiens. München: Iudicum Verlag. Akkermans, Peter M. M. G. and Glenn M. Schwartz (2003). The Archaeology of Syria. From Complex Hunter-Gatherers to Early Urban Societies (16,000 – 300 B.C.). New York: Cambridge University Press. Alcock, John (2012). Animal Behavior: An Evolutionary Approach (9th ed.) Sunderland, MA: Sinauer. Alonso, Alex A. (1999). Territoriality Among African-American Street Gangs in Los Angeles. Master’s Thesis. University of Southern California. Andersen, Jorgen (1977). The Witch on the Wall. Copenhagen: Rosenkilde & Bagger. Antes, Peter (1992). Article Religion, religionswissenschaftlich In: Evangelisches Kirchenlexikon Vol. 3, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. Antes, Peter (2004). Das Christentum. Eine Einführung. München: Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag. Appenzeller, Tim (2013). El Castillo: Earliest Known Cave Paintings Might Have Been Made By Neanderthals. Nature news 5/17/2013. Arens, William (1979). The Man Eating Myth. Anthropology & Anthropophagy. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. Arensburg, B. et. al. (1985). Une sépulture néanderthalien dans la grotte de Kebara (Israel). Compte Rendus des Séanches de l´Académie des Sciences (Paris), Série II, 300: 227–230. Aurenche, Oliver (2007). Das „Goldene Dreieck“ und die Anfänge des Neolithikums im Vorderen Orient. In: Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe (ed.) Vor 12.000 Jahren in Anatolien. Die ältesten Monumente der Menschheit. Stuttgart: Konrad Theiss Verlag, pp. 50–65. Baales, Michael (2005). Archäologie des Eiszeitalters. Archäologie am Mittelrhein und Mosel 16, Koblenz. Bächler, Emil, (1934). Das Wildenmannlisloch am Selun. St Gallen: Fehr’sche Buchhandlung. Bánffy, E. (2004). The 6th millenium BC boundary in Western Transdanubia and its role in the Central European Neolithic transition (the Szentgyörgyvölgy-Pityerdomb settlement).
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeological Recording Practices Guidelines for Archaeological Excavation and Recording Techniques
    Archaeological Recording Practices Guidelines for archaeological excavation and recording techniques www.northumberlandnationalpark.org.uk Contents This field training pack aims to support you with archaeological recording processes. These will include: Excavating a Feature 3 Recording Introduction 4 Recording Using Photography 6 Drawing Conventions 9 Drawing Sections 10 Drawing Plans 12 Levelling and Coordinates 14 Recording Cuts 16 Recording Deposits 17 Recording Interpretation 20 General Discussion 22 The Harris Matrix 23 Finds 26 Environmental Samples 27 Human Remains 29 Health and Safety 30 Glossary of Terms 31 2 Gemma Stewart 2013 Excavating a Feature Archaeological excavation is the primary means in which we gather information. It is critical that it is carried out carefully and in a logical manner. The flow chart below has been provided to show the steps required for fully excavating and recording a feature. Identify feature Clean area to find the extent of the feature Consider if pre-excavation photos and plan are required Select appropriate equipment Use nails and string to mark out section for excavation Excavate the feature/deposit carefully removing the latest context first If finds are present bag finds from each context separately Take environmental samples if necessary Remove any loose spoil and tidy feature ready for recording Take out numbers (context, section and plan) Photograph the feature/section Draw the section Draw the plan Measure levels Complete context sheets File paperwork 3 Recording Introduction Excavation results in the destruction of contexts, therefore, a detailed and correct record of the archaeology discovered is required in order to produce and maintain a permanent archive.
    [Show full text]