Sociology (SOCI) 1
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Symbolic Interactionism Mark V
English Technical Reports and White Papers English 2015 Symbolic Interactionism Mark V. Redmond Iowa State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/engl_reports Part of the Interpersonal and Small Group Communication Commons Recommended Citation Redmond, Mark V., "Symbolic Interactionism" (2015). English Technical Reports and White Papers. 4. http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/engl_reports/4 This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the English at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in English Technical Reports and White Papers by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Symbolic Interactionism Communication Context Interpersonal, Small Group, Cultural. Questions It Addresses in Our Every Day Lives: 1. How our interactions with others affect our sense of self. 2. The importance of symbols/language to society. 3. Where our mind and humanness comes from. Theory in a Nutshell ● We acquire symbols from interactions with society/other people. ● Acquiring symbols allows us to develop a sense of self and a mind (we think by way of symbols). ● Societies exist because people are able to interact with each another through symbols. Visualization of Symbolic Interaction Theory Mind Symbol Self Society “Symbols include words and many objects, and almost all acts around others contain a symbolic element. Words are the most important symbols, making human thinking possible.” Joel M. Charon (2007, p. 58). Introduction and Overview Let’s start with a simple definition of what a symbol is. A symbol is a stimuli that is abstract and arbitrary to which meaning is applied. -
“A” Level Sociology a Resource-Based Learning Approach
Theory and Methods “A” Level Sociology A Resource-Based Learning Approach Theory and Methods Unit M5: Interactionism Unit M5: Interactionism Theory and Methods Interactionism Introduction The main purpose of these Notes is to provide a basic overview of different sociological perspectives. Each set of notes is organised around three basic themes: 1. A brief overview of the perspective. 2. An outline of the “basic principles” on which each perspective is based. 3. A brief evaluation of the perspective. These Notes are, therefore, intended to serve as a general introduction to different perspectives, although they may also be used as revision notes. Interactionist Perspectives: (Social Action Theory) The Interactionist perspective is a generic (or "family") name that is normally given to a group of sociological perspectives that consists of three variations, namely: • Phenomenology. • Symbolic Interaction. • Ethnomethodology. Not all textbooks refer to this group of theoretical ideas as Interactionism - some refer to them as phenomenological theories or Social Action theories – but for A- level examination purposes none of the major exam boards expect students to have detailed knowledge of each “sub-perspective”; the most they require is a general knowledge and understanding of “Interactionist-type Sociology”. Whatever the specific terminology it is evident that the above perspectives refer to a specific way of looking at and explaining the social world - one that is quite different to both Functionalist and Conflict perspectives. In general, Interactionist perspectives tend to concentrate upon relatively small- scale levels of social interaction (between individuals, small social groups and so forth) and, for this reason, they are sometimes referred-to as a micro level of sociological analysis. -
1 Introducing Social Psychology and Symbolic Interactionism
CHAPTER Introducing Social Psychology 1 and Symbolic Interactionism What’s in a name? That which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet. hese lines—spoken from Juliet’s balcony in William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet—encapsulate the great power that names have in social life. Taken at face Tvalue, the names that we use to categorize people, objects, and beliefs appear to be mere labels of convenience. Thinking more deeply, however, it is easy to see that names have profound consequences for what people can, must, or must not do. Because Juliet, a member of the Capulet family, and Romeo, a Montague, are members of feud- ing families, they are forbidden from loving one another. Juliet urges Romeo, “O be some other name,” knowing that if only Romeo were not a Montague, and she not a Capulet, they would be the same individuals but they could now marry. Juliet’s melancholic words speak to the power inherent in the names that surround us, from the traditional importance placed on “continuing the family name” to the stickiness of nicknames. This book analyzes the wide range and impact of such psychological, social, and sym- bolic influences in our everyday lives. Two distinct names—social psychology and symbolic interactionism—categorize both this book’s subject matter and our scholarly orientations. Social psychology positions this book’s content within a diverse body of research and theory that spans the disciplines of sociology and psychology. Symbolic interactionism situates the authors within a partic- ular tradition of sociological theory and research. -
An Application of Symbolic Interactionism and Critical Theory Cheryl Anderson Baylor University
Clinical Sociology Review Volume 6 | Issue 1 Article 17 1-1-1988 Intervention in Cases of Woman Battering: An Application of Symbolic Interactionism and Critical Theory Cheryl Anderson Baylor University Linda Rouse University of Texas at Arlington Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/csr Recommended Citation Anderson, Cheryl and Rouse, Linda (1988) "Intervention in Cases of Woman Battering: An Application of Symbolic Interactionism and Critical Theory," Clinical Sociology Review: Vol. 6: Iss. 1, Article 17. Available at: http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/csr/vol6/iss1/17 This Practice of Clinical Sociology is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@WayneState. It has been accepted for inclusion in Clinical Sociology Review by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@WayneState. Intervention in Cases of Woman Battering: An Application of Symbolic Interactionism and Critical Theory Cheryl Anderson, Baylor University Linda Rouse, University of Texas at Arlington ABSTRACT The purposes of this paper are to acquaint readers with a number of existing ap- proaches to the problem of woman battering and to examine clinical interventions against the background of several relevant sociological theories. Specifically, tech- niques for counseling female victims and male batterers are discussed from the per- spectives of symbolic interactionism and critical theory. Symbolic interactionism provides an understanding of the self concepts and definitions of the situation which perpetuate abusive relationships, and suggests how they might be changed. Critical theory calls attention to the unequal power relations underlying systematically dis- torted communication, which can be addressed by interventions "enlightening" and "empowering" battered women. Domestic violence is one of the problems that medical, social service, and private practitioners are likely to encounter in working with individual clients and families. -
Sociological Perspectives
South Dakota State University Sociological Perspectives Please note that the following perspectives and definitions should not to be considered a complete compilation of all theories/ideas or works related to the question being posed. This is merely an elementary guide to help with understanding the larger concepts found within the field of sociology. What is Sociology? Sociology is the scientific study of society and human behavior (Henslin 2003: GL-13). What is the field of Sociology? The field of sociology is the professional application of scientific and humanistic approaches to the understanding of society and human behavior. It is a science based profession used to understand the social and human condition. Sociologist, C. Wright Mills (1959) in his text, The Sociological Imagination, encourages readers to think about the relationship between themselves and the society in which they reside. Mills espouses that we are innately influenced by the larger society and the historical context in which we find ourselves. What is the unit of analysis in sociology? The unit of analysis in sociology can range from the individual person to a large group of persons. The unit of analysis can be one to a whole society. Different theoretical perspectives within sociology focus on different units of analysis. Sociologists use the terms Micro, Mezzo, and Macro to define what level of analysis is being utilized. What are the major theoretical orientations in the field of sociology? There is debate in the field of sociology as to what are the major theoretical orientations that guide the profession. These debates merit attention to those within the field, however, sociologists would generally state that the profession is primarily focused on three theoretical orientations. -
Clarification of the Blurred Boundaries Between Grounded Theory and Ethnography: Differences and Similarities
Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, July 2011, 2(3) Clarification of the Blurred Boundaries between Grounded Theory and Ethnography: Differences and Similarities Khaldoun Aldiabat Carol-Lynne Le Navenec University of Northern British Columbia, University of Calgary, Canada Canada [email protected] [email protected] Abstract There is confusion among graduate students about how to select the qualitative methodology that best fits their research question. Often this confusion arises in regard to making a choice between a grounded theory methodology and an ethnographic methodology. This difficulty may stem from the fact that these students do not have a clear understanding of the principles upon which to select a particular methodology and / or have limited experience in conducting qualitative research. Addressed in this paper are three questions that will help students make an informed decision about the choice of method. The answers to these questions constitute key elements in the decision-making process about whether to use a grounded theory or an ethnographic methodology. Keywords: Ethnography; Grounded Theory; Qualitative Methodology; comparison; nursing A Clarification of the Blurred Boundaries between Traditional Grounded Theory and Ethnography For many graduate students in nursing, the selection of which qualitative methodology to employ to answer their chosen research question is a challenging one (McCaslin & Scott, 2003; Starks & Trinidad, 2007). The primary reason for this challenge is that graduate students may not have a clear understanding of the principles upon which to select a particular methodology (Morse & Niehaus, 2009; Thorne, Kirkham, & MacDonald-Emes, 1997) and / or have limited experience in conducting qualitative research (Cobb & Hoffart, 1999; McCaslin & Scott, 2003). -
On Microsociology of Toys: Material Turn and Non-Symbolic Interactionism
International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, Vol. 4, No. 6, November 2014 On Microsociology of Toys: Material Turn and Non-Symbolic Interactionism Victor Vakhshtayn socialization processes. Central question in this perspective: Abstract—Everyday face-to-face interaction is the domain of what kind of behavioral / psychological patterns are formed unquenchable interest for microsociologists. However recent by playing with this particular doll or toy rifle? (That changes in sociological theory (e.g. “material turn”, question formulated by N. Krupskaya in her paper on Soviet actor-network theory development) led to some pedagogy was taken ultimately seriously by Russian school reconceptualisations of the very notion of interaction. The concept of face-to-face relationship is broadened and includes of cultural psychology). now communication with toys and other “existential objects”. Two conceptual metaphors are commonly opposed to each What role such animated objects play in assembling and other. G. Brougere in his short paper „The toy and the reassembling social interaction? What is emotional dimension sociology of childhood‟ argues that “…the toy is more of human-toy-communication? And what theoretical language commonly studied in relation to the child‟s psychology... The should we chose to talk about toys in non-trivial sociological result is that the toy tends to be studied as a child‟s tool, an way? In this brief article I will try to answer these questions. instrument in its development, incorporated in the individual Index Terms—Toys, frame analysis, microsociology, dynamics which enable the child to emerge from childhood! transposition, affordance, inscription, emotional investment. Our purpose here is, in a sense, quite the opposite: we wish to apprehend how the toy leads the child to be a child, to affirm itself socially and culturally as such, to see how it contributes I. -
Chapter 2: Socialization and Social Interaction ■ 37 Copyright ©2021 by SAGE Publications, Inc
distribute or CHAPTER 2 post, iStockphoto.com/Perboge SOCIALIZATIONcopy, AND SOCIALnot INTERACTION Do 36 Copyright ©2021 by SAGE Publications, Inc. This work may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without express written permission of the publisher. CHAPTER OUTLINE LEARNING OBJECTIVES The Individual and Society 2.1 Explain how Durkheim sees the connection • Reading: “Review of Albert Schaeffle’s between individuals and society. ‘Bau und Leben des Sozialen Körpers: Erster Band,’” by Émile Durkheim 2.2 Define socialization and illustrate how the different theoretical approaches explain this process. Socialization • Using Your Sociological Imagination: 2.3 Explain socialization as a life-long How Do Toys Socialize Us? process and give examples of how we are • Methods in Depth: The Socialization of Women in socialized over the course of our lives. the Hate Movement 2.4 Explain Goffman’s dramaturgical model Aging and Socialization and outline how this model helps us to understand social interaction. The Performance of Social Roles • Reading: From The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, by Erving Goffman • Using Your Sociological Imagination: Performing the Self Online Summary distribute Key Terms For Further Reading or ne of the core concerns of sociology is to understand how individuals are shaped by society. We are socialized over the course of our lives to fit in to society and to follow its rules. This socializationpost, starts early with our parents telling us to Oshare with our siblings or to say “please” and “thank you.” It continues as we learn in school how to make friends and be a good student. -
Symbolic Interactionism
International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management United Kingdom Vol. II, Issue 10, Oct 2014 http://ijecm.co.uk/ ISSN 2348 0386 THE NEED FOR A DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE TO UNDERSTAND THE BRAND LOYALTY: SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM Özkara, Behçet Yalın Department of Business Administration, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Turkey [email protected] Abstract Criticisms against positivism have been increasing day by day and we are witnessing the increase of the qualitative researches in social sciences. This is also a current phenomenon for marketing. Based on this assumption; the aim of the paper is to try to discuss the inadequate side of positivist paradigm in order to explain brand loyalty and the extent of potential of the symbolic interactionism in understanding the brand loyalty concept in a better way. As a result, in order to understand brand loyalty; 1-Interaction 2-Symbolic value and meanings and 3- Personality phenomenons should be explained deeply with all their dimensions and the interpretative paradigm provides a highly convenient ground for this purpose. Based on this assumption, the author tries to put forth a base model to understand the brand loyalty in grounding the symbolic interactionism theory. Keywords: Brand loyalty, Symbolic Interactionism, Positivism, Interpretivism, Marketing. INTRODUCTION Everything happening in the universe is governed by universal laws of nature. The science is primarily the activity of discovering these laws. From the positivist point of view, the only applicable way to discover the universal laws is the empirical questioning. Empirical questioning requires measurement. Measurement instruments must be developed for correct information in terms of the laws. As the measurement instruments are developed, it will be possible to obtain the data that is not known today. -
The Sociology of Social Problems
CHAPTER 1 The Sociology of Social Problems CHAPTER OBJECTIVES • Define “social problem.” • Apply the concept of the sociological imagination. • Compare the major sociological perspectives on social problems. • Explain how the major types of sociological research are used to understand social problems. 9781442221543_CH01.indd 1 05/02/19 9:05 AM 2 \ CHAPTER 1 WOULD YOU LIKE TO LIVE IN AN AMERICA where women are forbidden to vote or hold public office, most Americans face poverty in old age, and parents have to pay thousands of dollars for their child’s education from first grade through high school? Things that many Americans take for granted are the results of great popular struggles against inequality and injustice. Progressive social change throughout history has involved some people recognizing that terrible conditions and unfair practices are not necessarily inevitable or preordained and then convincing others to join them in doing something about it. In 2008 the United States was hit by an economic downturn so severe that many people lost their jobs and many homeowners found themselves “under water”: their homes had dropped in value so drastically that they actually owed more than they were worth. In response, two popular protests arose, each gaining the support of millions of Americans: the conservative Tea Party movement and the liberal Occupy Wall Street movement. Most participants in the Tea Party movement, named after the American rebels who protested against a British tax on tea by tossing British tea into Boston harbor in 1773, believe harmful intervention by the federal government, includ- ing “bailout” programs for banks and corporations, is the main cause of serious social problems. -
Symbolic Interactionism in Sociology of Education Textbooks in Mainland China: Coverage, Perspective and Implications
Vol. 1, No. 3 International Education Studies Symbolic Interactionism in Sociology of Education Textbooks in Mainland China: Coverage, Perspective and Implications Xuan Dong College of Education Administration, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China Tel: 86-10-5880-1300 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract 17 textbooks are examined for the quantity and quality of their material pertaining to ideas in the symbolic interaction tradition. Most of the textbooks fail to discuss at least some of the ideas in this tradition. In the 5 exceptions, the texts only include material from the Chicago school of this tradition with only a little inclusive information from the Iowa school. Thus, the ideas about symbolic interaction that students receive from these texts are both incomplete and outdated. Based on the text-analysis, this paper claims that the materials from only one of these schools greatly diminish opportunities to use imformation from the other one to help students gain a sociological, dialectical, and reflexive perspective. Keywords: Symbolic interactionism, Sociology of education textbooks, Mainland China 1. Introduction Most of the theoretical traditions and analytical perspectives that college students first acquire about any discipline are likely from the introductory course or textbook on that subject. Introductory textbooks are like guides that leading novice learners to go through the terminological jungle where many labels and schools compete. Meanwhile, excellent textbooks will not only influence students’ view on the certain discipline but also shape their future actions as researchers in the specific field, as community members or as participants in the larger society. Sociology of education, as an independent subject in mainland China, has three main developmental stages since the first textbook Education and Society, written by Tao Menghe (1922), was published: (1) the foundation period (1922-1949); (2) the stagnation period (1949-1979) and; (3) recovery and reconstruction period (1979- )(Dong & Zhang, 2007). -
Notes for a Critical Interactionist Theory for Educators: Signification
SECOND DRAFT 9/17/03 Notes for a Critical Interactionist Theory for Educators: Signification by Richard A. Quantz Educators have a dizzying array of social theories from which to choose. There are the classic theories of Durkheim, Weber, and Marx, as well as modernist theories such as Parson's functionalism, Blumer's symbolic interactionism, Luhman's (and a host of others) systems theory, the interpretive theories of phenomenologists such as Garfinkel and Burger and Luckman, as well as the critical theory of Habermas and the other members of the Frankfurt School. We have some interesting contemporary theories such as Bourdieu's field theory, Giddens's structuration theory, and, of course, the poststructuralism of Derrida and Foucault, the feminist poststructuralism of Kristeva, Irigaray, and Butler, the postcolonial theories whose roots are found in the work of Fanon and Du Bois and given its most recognized form in Said's Orientalism. There is the racial formation theory of Omi and Winant and the Critical Race Theory of Bell, Delgado, Crenshaw, and Lawrence. And, of course, there are the postmodern theories of Baudrillard and of Deleuze and Guattarri. Given the variety of this list and the even greater variety of all of those theories left out of this list, is there really a need for another social theory? And even if there is such a need, does it make any sense to conceptualize a social theory specifically for educators? The simple answer to these question is "Yes. There is." 1 SECOND DRAFT 9/17/03 Much classical and modern social theory conceives of society as a total integrated system.