FREE COMMEMORATIVE POSTER

WEEKLY NEWS AND INSPIRATION FOP NTH-DAY ADVENTISTS 150-YEAR AN IVERSAHI ISSU ow do you capture gathering a few funds. He writes—every word—for a little paper: 150 years of mira- his "library" consists of a pocket Bible, Cruden's Condensed cles in 64 pages? Concordance, and an abridged dictionary with one of its covers off. HHow do you distill By the summer of 1849 he has the copy ready. He seeks for a BY WILLIAM G. JOHNSSON the spirit of a people drawn printer who will take the job on speculation—no pay until the from every race under God's paper goes out and readers respond with contributions. And sun, from palaces and the hov- James fmds such a printer, a man not an Adventist brother but els of ricksha pullers, from one prepared to take a chance on the earnest young preacher. among the world's finest musi- At last the paper is ready, 1,000 copies of The Present Truth. cians and surgeons and also The little band kneels around the tracts, with supplication and from illiterate peasants? How tears entreating the Lord to guide each one to a receptive heart. do you catch the dynamic of a Then James puts the papers in a carpetbag and carries them movement of expectation and eight miles to the nearest post office. disappointment, of courage and That was our first major endeavor as Seventh-day Adventists. heartache, of rugged individuals We didn't yet have our name—that would come 11 years later, and blood and sweat and tears? in 1860—but James and Ellen and and the others How do you tell the story of of that small group were already Sabbathkeeping Adventists. the Seventh-day Adventist Analyze that early endeavor, and you will see that it contains the Church in this year, a century germ of a movement. That venture, seemingly so rash, has been and a half since 1844? repeated again and again, transforming the small band into a vigor- You cannot, but you can ous and growing church of some 8 million members in nearly 200 make a beginning. So let us go countries. We are people of a dream, the impossible dream. back to the beginning, or The elements are there—in that faith venture and ever since. almost the beginning. In order of importance they are the Dreamer, the dream, and The year is 1848, and a the dreamers. small group of Adventists, a tiny remnant left from 1844 The Dreamer but the kernel of a new move- Back of all, before all, in all, and for all stands the Dreamer, ment, are gathered in Dor- Jesus Christ. He is the center of the Seventh-day Adventist chester, Massachusetts. A movement—He alone. To Him alone belong all praise and young woman is there, only honor, all glory and thanksgiving. 20 years old—Ellen Harmon "There is no one like you, 0 Lord, and there is no God but White. During the course of you, as we have heard with our own ears," sang King David. the meeting she is taken off in "And who is like your people Israel—the one nation on earth vision and regains conscious- whose God went out to redeem a people for himself, and to ness with a startling message: make a name for yourself, and to perform great and awesome James White, her husband, is wonders . . . ?" (1 Chron. 17:20, 21, MV). to start a paper. It will be And we sing with David as we exult at the Lord's wonders in small at first, but, says Ellen, our day. There is no God like our God, the one who came down it will grow and expand under from His throne to walk among us—Jesus, who suffered and bled the Lord's blessing until it and died in our place, who rose again, who as our great high stretches around the world priest welcomes us into the heavenly temple and who is coming like streams of light. back to earth. And who is like this people on whom You have William G. The group is stunned, James lavished such kindness—not because we deserve it, but because Johnsson is especially. He has no money, no of Your love; and for whom You have done such great things— editor of the home, no financial backers. not because of our efforts, but rather in spite of our efforts? Adventist Still, he believes the divine I call Jesus the Dreamer because that is what He was and is. Review. word. He labors with his hands, He dreamed of a people saved from off this planet in rebellion, 2 (1026) Dream 1844 -1994

A PEOPLE OF HOPE and left heaven to make it happen. He dreamed of a last-day North American continent. A message going to "every nation, and kindred, and tongue, and dream of it going beyond, to people," telling the good news about God and His offer of eter- earth's remotest bounds. A nal life (Rev. 14:6-12). He dreamed of a work for Ellen and dream of a medical work to The Impossible Dream James, and Joseph Bates. And He dreams of a place on this earth make people whole. Of educa- for you and me, and a place in heaven at His side. tion after God's design. Of the In this anniversary year some people have wondered if there's message flying via print, radio, October 22, 1844 anything to be glad about. "Why are we celebrating a disap- television, satellite, cybernetics. pointment?" they ask. "This ought to be a year of sorrowing that Dreams, dreams, dreams. A People of Prophecy we are still here after such a long time." Impossible. The impossible They miss the point. We're not celebrating a disappointment, dream. and certainly not the achievements of this worldwide movement. From So Small a Dream We celebrate the wonder and majesty of God, of Jesus our The Dreamers Saviour, Lord, and head of the church. They were dreamers all, "We have nothing to fear for the future, except as we shall those people led of God who Ellen White, Gift to the Church forget the way the Lord has led us, and His teaching in our past shaped and struggled, and built history," wrote Ellen White (Life Sketches, p. 196). We don't the Seventh-day Adventist want to forget! We want to rehearse His deeds! We want to Church. Small Organization, Big Impact shout for joy in worship of the One who loves the word "impos- And thank God, He still has sible." When God has done such great things for us, we would dreamers! You'll read about be the worst of ingrates to keep silent. them in this special issue. As Confessions of a Bible Teacher you read you will notice that, The Dream while the articles in a general The Dreamer puts impossible dreams into the minds of men sense move from 1844 to God's Rainbow Family and women. He always has—throughout the Bible, from 1994 and beyond, the past, Abram leaving Ur of the Chaldees to the young man Saul present, and future constantly Why Are We Still Here? struck blind on the road to Damascus so that the Lord might intersect and interact. We open his eyes to a new mission. praise God for the past and we He put a dream into the heart of James and Ellen and the others build upon the past, but He The Land That Remains as they knelt by those little papers. He put a dream into the heart calls us to think big, to dream of J. N. Loughborough, who began to preach the Advent message His dreams today. at age 20; and into 's heart, who joined the Review at For we know how it will How Then Should We Live? 21; and into Stephen Haskell's heart, who preached his first ser- all end. We know what the mon on the Second Advent at 19; and into the hearts of other ultimate dream is: "I looked, young people who formed the nucleus of the new movement. and there before me was a The Future Shape of the Church Some think of Adventists as children of disappointment, but white cloud, and seated on they were not, and we are not. They were rather children of the cloud was one 'like a son hope—a hope refined and deepened by the dashed expectations of man' with a crown of gold Possibilities Unlimited of October 22, but a hope that refused to waver or turn back, a on his head and a sharp hope built on the promise of Jesus Himself. sickle in his hand" (Rev. That hope gave birth to a dream, as the Dreamer, the object of 14:14, NIV). The Power of Hope their love and desires, gradually opened the world before their That's why we're a people view. A dream of the everlasting gospel going to the complete of hope.

The North American Edition of the Adventist Review (ISSN 0160-1119) is published 12 times a year on the first Thursday of each month. Copyright ©1994 Review and Herald° Publishing Association, 55 West Oak Ridge Drive, Hagerstown, Maryland 21740. Third-class postage paid at Hagerstown, Maryland 21740. Postmaster send address changes to Adventist Review, 55 West Oak Ridge Drive, Hagerstown, MD 21740, Published October 6,1994, Vol. 171, No. 40. Scripture quotations marked NASB are from the New American Standard Bible, © The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977. Texts credited to NIV are from the Holy Bible, New International Version. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, International Bible Society. Used by permission of Zondervan Bible Publishers. Texts credited to NKJV are from The New King James Version. Copyright @ 1979, 1980, 1982, Thomas Nelson, Inc., Publishers. Verses marked TLB are taken from The Living Bible, copyright ©1971 by Tyndale House Publishers, Wheaton, Ill. Used by permission. Bible texts credited to RSV are from the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright ©1946, 1952, 1971, by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. Used by permission. Design inside and out by Steve Trauma; Cover illustration by Eltred Lee

ADVENTIST REVIEW (1027) 3 Living- through Disappointment Tuesday JOHN WILLIAMS T ADVENTIST REVIEW iously awaiteddaywhenChristwouldreturn.Andbyatleast one estimate,anothermillionormoreoftheirskepticalfellow dered tothemselves, citizens appeared toobusywatchingandwaitingtorecordexactlywhat events leadinguptoOctober22,curiouslytheMillerites their disappointmenthadbecomesopainfulthattheyjust they didthatfatefulTuesday.Ormightitbebyday'send blanked outtheexperiencefromtheirmemories?' day, butnotasvividlyIshouldthinkwould." stood at58°F. was atypicalNewEnglandautumnday.Thetemperatureatsun- 22—it wastheonlydaythatmonthsuchinformationover- rise inConcord,NewHampshire,was42°F,thoughby2:00it data didnotrecordthewindandcloudconditionsonOctober cloud thanthosenormallyrecorded. looked. Possiblythisindividualwaswatchingforadifferent The SingersAreSilent them sleptinthatmorning!Eagerlyeveryoneawaitedthefirst glimpse oftheirreturningLord;nobodywantedtobefound sleeping whenJesusreturned. Elsewhere, serviceshadbeenheldalldayMonday.Ifeverpeo- October 21,WilliamMillerwrote,"Theninthday[ofthesev- ple feltaneedtoworshipandpray,itwasthen. enth Jewishmonth]wasveryremarkable.Weheldameetingall anxious souls."' of theMillerites,therewassomeanxietyinpublicmind as to day andourplaceofworshipwascrowdedtooverflowing with York Citynewspaper."Itwasgenerallyexpectedthatsomething what andhowtheywerepreparingforthis,"reportedaNew occur attheMilleritemeetings,rarelywassuchcase.In fact, places ofworship.Theattendancethereatwasprettygreat."' more thanordinarydisplaywouldbemadeatthedifferent very fewexamplesoffanaticismwerereportedinthenewspa- press wouldhavecertainlyreported it.Thenewspaperswere pers. Hadanythingunusualbeen goingon,thegenerallyhostile matter howfar-fetched.' always quicktopickupany rumorabouttheMillerites—no occasion, when allheavenandearthwillrejoice togetherwith great expression ofjoy:thatis,asitwere,suppressed forafuture joy unspeakable andfullofglory.Thereisno shouting;that,too, For 50,000to150,000hopefulMillerites,'thiswastheanx- Although wehaveseveraleyewitnessaccountsrecordingthe What wedoknowforsureisthatTuesday,October22,1844, One youthfulparticipantlaterremarked,"Irememberthatlast Interestingly, thepersonwhorecordedthismeteorological If someMilleriteswerenormallylaterisers,doubtlessnoneof In severalplacestheMilleritesstayedupallMondaynight. "The lasteveningbeingtheonebeforegreat'goingout' Describing themeetingheldinLowHampton,NewYork,on While thepublicmayhavehopedforsomethingeccentric to Ten daysearlierWilliamMiller hadwritten:"Thereisno Tuesdayinhistory. 2 alsokeptaneyeontheheavensthatdayastheywon- uesday morningdawnedexactlyasthousandsof October 22,1844—was other Tuesdayshadbegunbeforeit.Yetthisday— 5

Might theMilleritesberightafterall? supposed to belikenoother 4

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is reservedfortheshoutfrom They arewaitingtojointhe all occupiedwithprayer,and angelic hosts,thechoirfrom heaven. Thesingersaresilent. ence." '° exhortation toloveandobedi- Millerite meetingsheldon afterward, UriahSmith heaven. .Ourmeetingsare October 22exist.Manyyears October 22,1844,thefamous before: "Thenextdaywas his familyattendedthenight recalled themeetingheand The mob[thathadloweredthe month,' onwhichwewere expecting theLordtoappear. left ustoourselves.Quitea tent onthemthenightbefore] tism." " number wentforwardinbap- Cincinnati witness accountappearedinthe Tuesday night,October22. all terrestrialthingswas reporter attendedameetingheld expected tohavetakenplace last evening,andbeing such beliefuponitsvotariesat desirous ofseeingtheeffect `tenth dayoftheseventh took theliberty.ofbeing their lastearthlymeeting,I indoors andout,probably present. Theassemblage, numbered 1,500persons.If rightly informedaboutthe capacity ofthehouse,about expected, andagreatdeal 1,200 wereinside..There more cheerfulnessmanifested in thecountenancesof was lessexcitementthanI believers thancouldhavebeen great acrisis.... supposed atthehourofso that memorableday,somein churches ormeetinghalls, while others—wheresuch for fearofthe mobs—met in gatherings had beenbanned private homes or orchardsand Very fewaccountsof "As theconsummationof The onlycontemporaryeye- And sothefaithfulgathered Chronicle. 12 This but acunningly devised fable?" "Is allthis — BY JAMESR.NIX (1029) 5 groves. Each in his or her own like?" "How will we know which one Jesus is in?" "When the way awaited the coming of the trumpet sounds, will everyone be able to hear it?" "Will we really Lord, who would take them fly through the air?" The list of questions that were asked over and home to glory. over that day could go on and on. According to tradition, the And they prayed. One story recounts that each time the group Millerites living near William of hopeful Millerites knelt to pray, the thought went through Miller met that day on the large their minds, I wonder if Jesus will come before we have finished outcropping of limestone, now praying.' Each time, I wonder . . . known as Ascension Rock, sit- From early in the morning on through that seemingly endless uated on his farm. day they watched and waited. Lower and lower the sun slipped in the western sky. Surely Jesus would come. They were abso- Who Will Be First? lutely positive He would not . . . could not . . . let them down. In What a day that must have fact, according to William Miller, "even wicked scoffers stood been! As the farmers did their mute that day."14 chores that morning, doubtless Finally the sun went down over the horizon. By this time, they said to themselves, I will nearly every child must have asked, "When is Jesus going to never have to do this again. come? Will it be much longer?" Doubtless they were comforted As young people brought in with the reassurance that in the parable of the 10 virgins the firewood or drew water from bridegroom comes at midnight. Surely "Jesus will come by mid- the well, they too thought, night" was repeated over and over. How wonderful—in heaven But in some minds haunting questions began to gnaw away: there will be no wood to chop "Could we be mistaken?" "No! No! Did He not promise over or water to haul. and over that He wouldn't return until midnight?" Probably Mothers, cooking over many a sleepy child dozed off to dream about the bright aerial hot woodstoves, thought, display that would awaken them shortly. Never another meal to fix! Our next one will be from The Clock Tells the Truth the tree of life. Hiram Edson recalled, "We looked for our coming Lord until Almost everything they did the clock tolled 12 at midnight. The day had then passed and our that day prompted the same disappointment became a certainty." 15 thought: This is the last time I Joseph Bates wrote, "The effect of this disappointment can be will ever do this. realized only by those who experienced it." 16 All day long those expec- Although Adventists today expect Jesus to return soon, never tant Adventists watched the have we gone through the crushing disappointment of not having eastern sky for the first Him do so on a specific day. The promise of that morning had glimpse of their returning started out as the brightest of their whole life; the darkness of Lord. From the very first rays their disappointment that night now seemed about to crush them. of the early-morning sun, they Hiram Edson expressed it well when he wrote, "Our fondest began to watch. Higher and hopes and expectations were blasted, and such a spirit of weep- higher in the sky the sun rose. ing came over us as I never experienced before. It seemed that Still they watched. Nobody the loss of all earthly friends could have been no comparison. knew when during the day We wept, and wept, till the day dawn. Christ would return. So hour "I mused in my own heart, saying, my Advent experience has after hour they watched . . . been the richest and brightest of all my Christian experience. If and prayed ... and waited. this had proved a failure, what was the rest of my Christian What did they talk about? experience worth? Has the Bible proved a failure? Is there no Did they sing? How did they God—no heaven—no golden city—no Paradise? Is all this but a keep their children occupied cunningly devised fable?"" all day long? Doubtless more Besides dealing with their own grief and uncertainty, those dis- than one mother pointed to the appointed Adventists once more had to put up with the scoffers. sky and said to her excited lit- Describing October 23, William Miller wrote, "It seemed as tle ones, "Which of you will though all the demons from the bottomless pit were let loose upon be the first to see Jesus?" us. The same ones and many more who were crying for mercy Think of the questions the two days before were now mixed with the rabble, and mocking, children must have asked their scoffing, and threatening in a most blasphemous manner."" parents and grandparents that Far and wide, disappointed Millerites had taunts hurled at day. "What will the cloud look them similar to those shouted at Joseph Bates by boys who fol-

6 (1030) ADVENTIST REVIEW lowed him down the street. "I thought you were going up yester- day," they mockingly yelled. The Dream Continues • • . "You can have no idea of the feeling that seized me," Bates recalled. "I had been a respected citizen, and had with much From the beginning Adventists have been confidence exhorted the people to be ready for the expected change. With these taunts thrown at me, if the earth could have visionaries—looking for better ways to communi- opened and swallowed me up, it would have been sweetness cate Bible truths and minister to our churches, compared to the distress I felt." 19 Twenty-three-year-old James White succinctly summed up communities, and the world. Throughout this his reaction: "When Elder [J. V.] Himes visited Portland, Maine, a few days after the passing of the time, and stated that the issue you can read some of the dreams your fel- brethren should prepare for another cold winter, my feelings low Adventists are dreaming. Compare them were almost uncontrollable. I left the place of meeting and wept like a child."' with your own, and let's work together to make

Still Standing them happen.—Editors. Although many of the disappointed Millerites gave up their belief in the Advent, not all did. Among those who did not was William Miller. On November 10 in a letter to Joshua V. Himes, Miller wrote, "Although I have been twice disappointed, I am not yet cast down or discouraged. . . . My mind is perfectly calm, and my hope in the coming of Christ is as strong as ever. . . . I have fixed my mind on another time, and here I mean to My Dream . . . stand until God gives me more light, and that is, today, today, and today, until He comes."2' Others who did not give up their faith in the second coming of I dream of a church that lives Christ eventually founded the Seventh-day Adventist Church. and breathes Jesus' philosophy Now, 150 years after October 22, 1844, that glorious hope of the of love; a church in which men soon return of the Lord still burns brightly in the hearts of mil- and women feel equally valued, lions of spiritual descendants of those faithful pioneers. respected, and supported. Today, during this special anniversary year, we still pray with I dream of a church that real- the apostle John, "Even so, come, Lord Jesus." 22 izes it won't have all the answers until Jesus returns, so it allows ' For a discussion of the number of Millerites, see George Knight, Millennial Fever people to express different opin- (1993), p. 213. Ibid. The U.S. population in 1844 is estimated to have been 20 million. ions safely. ' I have spoken with two followers of Margaret W. Rowen, who predicted the I dream of a church that is open to change and growth; world's end on February 6, 1925. Neither of the followers could recall the events of that day. According to a daughter of Rowen's, the disappointment had been so painful that a church able to see the beauty and worthiness of both her mother had never talked about it. In fact, she said her mother had completely blocked innovation and tradition. everything connected with that day from her memory. ' Jane Marsh Parker, "The Little Millerite," Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, I dream of a perfect church. Not just perfect for my December 1886, p. 316. needs, but perfect for the needs of all its members. And The Farmer's Monthly Visitor (Concord, N.H.), Nov. 30, 1844, p. 174. 6 F. D. Nichol, The Midnight Cry (1944), p. 244. only God can establish such a community. ' William Miller to Dr. I. 0. Orr, of Toronto, Canada, Dec. 13, 1844, p. 1. The origi- Until then, I dream of a church that dedicates itself to God nal letter is housed in the Jenks Memorial Collection of Adventual Materials at Aurora University Library, Aurora, Illinois. completely; a church that acknowledges its faults and short- Herald (New York), Oct. 23, 1844, quoted in Nichol, p. 243. comings, but focuses on Jesus' example in all things. See Nichol, pp. 253-258, 321-348. William Miller letter dated October 11, 1844, quoted in , Memoirs of William Miller (1853), pp. 270, 271. Michelle Abel studies humanities at Deakin University, " Uriah Smith, "Former Things," Advent Review and Sabbath Herald, Jan. 13, 1903, p. 4. Melbourne, Australia. Cincinnati Chronicle, quoted in United States Saturday Post, Nov. 9, 1844, as quoted in Nichol, p. 245. '3 William Miller to Dr. I. 0. Orr, Dec. 13, 1844. " Nichol, p. 250. " Hiram Edson, undated autobiographical manuscript fragment (), p. 8a. ' Joseph Bates, The Autobiography of Elder Joseph Bates (1868), p. 300. " Edson, pp. 8a, 9, quoted in Nichol, pp. 247, 248. ' Miller, quoted in Nichol, p. 250. Joseph Bates, as told in J. 0. Corliss, "Joseph Bates as I Knew Him," Advent Review and Sabbath Herald, Aug. 16, 1923, p. 7. James White, Life Incidents in Connection With the Great Advent Movement (Battle Creek, Mich.: Steam Press of the SDA Pub. Assn., 1868), p. 182. " William Miller to Joshua V. Himes, Nov. 10, 1844, quoted in Bliss, pp. 277, 278. James R. Nix is associate secretary of the " Rev. 22:20. Ellen G. White Estate.

ADVENTIST REVIEW (1031) 7

"Jo14= to

lmost 2,500 years First, according to Revelation, this people would arise after ago the Lord the 1260-year period of persecution (see Rev. 12:6, 14, 17). By called a remnant comparing Revelation 12 with Daniel 7, we know that this per- Aout of Babylon. secuting period began about the sixth century A.D. and so must "And I will gather the rem- end around the late eighteenth or early nineteenth century, which nant of my flock out of all thus is the time when God's remnant must arise. countries whither I have Second, the remnant is identified as keeping "the command- driven them" (Jer. 23:3). ments of God" (Rev. 12:17). Whatever construction one might Though these people didn't want to put on the phrase, it must surely mean at least the Ten live up to their calling, they Commandments. And at their heart, is the fourth, the command were still His remnant, a peo- to keep the seventh day, not the first, as the Sabbath. ple of prophecy. Third, this group manifests within it "the testimony of Jesus" About 150 years ago the (verse 17), which is "the spirit of prophecy" (Rev. 19:10). This Lord again called out a rem- we call the prophetic gift. nant, this time out of spiritual The first identification mark automatically eliminates, in any Babylon, a people who would corporate sense (and I stress corporate), all those church bodies "keep the commandments of that arose prior to the end of the 1260-year period. Thus, none of God, and the faith of Jesus" the major Reformation churches, for example, can corporately (Rev. 14:12). Though these be the one depicted in the prophecy. people have not lived up to Next, though many other churches arose after the 1260-year their calling either, they are His period, their disregard for the fourth commandment, as it reads remnant, a people of prophecy in Scripture, automatically eliminates them. as well. We believe that this And finally, of the few church bodies remaining, just one has modern remnant is the the prophetic gift manifested within it in such a powerful and Seventh-day Adventist Church. remarkable manner. Of course, "they are not all No wonder we Seventh-day Adventists believe that we are a Israel, which are of Israel" people of prophecy. What other church arose after the 1260-year (Rom. 9:6). As Ellen White period, teaches obedience to all the commandments, and mani- warned, "I saw that the rem- fests within it the "spirit of prophecy," so unmistakably revealed nant were not prepared for in the ministry of Ellen G. White? None, which is why we claim what is coming upon the earth. the title for ourselves. Stupidity, like lethargy, Thus, we Seventh-day Adventists should realize that we are seemed to hang upon the not just another church, another denomination. We are a minds of most of those who prophetic movement specifically called out by God to do a profess to believe that we are unique work. This calling must not make us proud, arrogant, or having the last message" exclusive. On the contrary, the reality of what we have been (Early Writings, p. 119). And called to do and what we have done should bring us all to our of course, not every Seventh- knees, pleading with God to have mercy upon His Laodicean day Adventist will be saved. people. This year marks the 150th anniversary of the Millerite revival, Our Claim to the Remnant which called people out of many denominations into the Advent Nevertheless, Scripture movement. We are commemorating not only the Millerites, but points to an end-time people the powerful message of present truth that God gave to the small with certain characteristics. band who, refusing to abandon the Advent hope, eventually What are those characteristics, formed the core of what was to become the Seventh-day and why do we claim that we Adventist Church, the remnant church of Bible prophecy. BY ROBERT S. FOLKENBERG fit them? That the nascent Seventh-day Adventist Church came out of

8 (1032) ADVENTIST REVIEW other churches should remind us that we share many doctrines among us are real. Many— with other Protestants, such as the divinity of Christ, the virgin looking at the faults, the prob- birth, the primacy of Scripture, salvation by faith alone, and the lems, the evil that exists literal, physical second coming of Jesus. Yet because our among us—have been founders started a new movement, we must always remember tempted to doubt our remnant that we are, and always should be, distinct not only in what we status or special calling. But God will have a believe, but in how we live, because what we believe should they are making a mistake that affect how we live. Our church alone fits those distinguishing may last for eternity. Inspir- marks of the remnant as depicted in Revelation. ation tells us that God will remnant that doesn't This reality should kindle a fire in our souls at the majesty and "carry the noble ship which grace of God, who has called us into this unique movement with bears the people of God safely a mission and message to prepare the world for the glorious con- into port," and that to "enter merely profess to summation of every true believer's hope since Adam—the sec- into any new organization . . . ond coming of Jesus. would mean apostasy" (Selected Messages, book 2, p. "keep the command- A Dime a Dozen 390). I have been saddened by those among us who downplay our Present truth exists whether unique calling and mission, who tend to view our church as just we as a people are sanctified ments of God," but one of many. Perhaps this attitude has arisen from fear of falling or not. Christ's death on the into the trap of the scribes and the Pharisees in Christ's time, cross is the foundation of sal- whose exclusivism and spiritual pride were abominations to the vation whether or not all that really does Lord. Though that danger exists, it should not be used to down- Seventh-day Adventists have grade or nullify our calling. died to self with Him. Christ is Claiming that we have a specific present-truth message, of still our high priest in the Most keep them. course, is certainly not the same as claiming that we alone are Holy Place of the heavenly saved, that we alone are God's people, that we alone are holy. sanctuary whether or not all The Seventh-day Adventist Church has never made that claim, Adventists believe that truth or and I hope it never will. We have always acknowledged that the live as if they do. The Sabbath Lord has many faithful followers in other denominations besides is still the Sabbath whether or our own. "Other sheep I have," said Jesus, "which are not of this not we as a people keep it as fold" (John 10:16). we should. The Pharisees' per- Whatever theological differences we might have with mem- version of the Sabbath in bers of other faiths, we should never denigrate or judge their Christ's time didn't negate its religious experience. There are many who, for whatever reasons, truth any more than any mod- might not understand the Bible truth about the state of the dead, ern perversion negates it now. the Sabbath, or the sanctuary, yet have a deeper, richer, and All of us, especially those more faithful walk with Jesus than many who have the privilege who have been in the church of knowing these truths. and awaiting the Second Ellen White herself, though unequivocal about our church's Advent all our lives, long for status as the remnant, expressed the essence of what our senti- the coming of Jesus. As a ment should be: "And in what religious bodies are the greater child I thought Christ would part of the followers of Christ now to be found? Without doubt, come long before I graduated in the various churches professing the Protestant faith" (The from academy. Certainly, I Great Controversy, p. 383). No doubt there are many followers thought, He would be back of Christ in the Roman Catholic Church as well. before I finished college. Indeed, many of these other Christians live up to the light that There was no way I'd ever be they enjoy much more faithfully than we do. Yes, the sins old enough to marry and have

ADVENTIST REVIEW (1033) 9 children. Of course, Jesus his coming? for since the fathers fell asleep, all things continue would be back before I had to as they were from the beginning of creation" (2 Peter 3:3, 4). worry about raising my chil- Yet if our eyes are open, we should easily see that all things dren through their teenage aren't continuing as they were from the beginning. Signs all years. And now I am a grand- around the world should wake us up to the times that we are liv- father! ing in. Never in my life have I seen world events not only so However, Christ hasn't yet portend the second coming of Christ but vindicate as well our returned, and how easy it is to unique Seventh-day Adventist understanding of last-day events. fall into the trap that Peter warned about: "Knowing this Not Professing—Practicing first, that there shall come in One of those signs is that God will have a people who pro- the last days scoffers, walking claim the three angels' messages of Revelation 14, a remnant after their own lusts, and say- that doesn't merely profess to "keep the commandments of ing, Where is the promise of God," but that really does keep them. Having our names on the remnant church books isn't good enough. We need to recommit ourselves personally to sacrifice our time, our talents, our energy, our money, our everything to make the task assigned to My Dream . . . the remnant—the spreading of the three angels' messages to the world—a reality. Isaiah wrote: "And they that shall be of thee shall build the As a child I used to dream old waste places: thou shalt raise up the foundations of many about a church with many more generations; and thou shalt be called, The repairer of the breach, children, longer Sabbath schools, The restorer of paths to dwell in" (Isa. 58:12). and shorter sermons. John the Baptist, in his attempt to prepare a people for As a teenager I dreamed of a Christ's first coming by preaching a "present truth" message, church with more music, less was, in many ways, preaching old truths that had been lost or rules, and more grown-ups who perverted. In the same way, the Seventh-day Adventist Church, didn't care so much about the as we attempt to prepare the world for the second coming of rules. Jesus, is truly God's "repairer of the breach." Then, for a while, I stopped Scripture is clear: God has established a remnant church for dreaming about the church and had what I felt were more these last days. Corporately, no other church body fits the important dreams. description but ours. We alone have been given His present truth But now I have dreams again. I dream of a church message. We won't be saved, however, division by division, that's not too different from the one I have. We have lots of union by union, conference by conference, congregation by con- kids, lots of music, and the sermons no longer seem so gregation, or even family by family. We'll be saved only as indi- long. Even the grown-ups are pretty reasonable people (I viduals. Whether we ultimately are saved is an individual suppose because I'm a grown-up too). choice, as it has been for God's "people of prophecy" in every But in my dream we are all asking Jesus to help us age. May God help us! accept each other as we are. Teaching by friendship a lit- tle more and preaching a little less. I dream of a church in which you don't have to check out for a break between childhood and adulthood. In which you can feel welcome even when you are a some- what normal and imperfect "in-betweener." (Teenager may be a bit too restrictive a term for the in-betweener age group.) And I'm dreaming in a hurry, because I don't have Robert S. much time to implement my dream. My oldest child is 7 Folkenberg is years old. president of the And while I'm dreaming, I might as well make Sabbath General school start at 10:00 a.m. Conference of Seventh-day Gerardo Rodriguez is a pediatric neurologist. Born in Adventists. Costa Rica, he was raised in Venezuela and took his med- ical training at Montemorelos University in Mexico. He and his wife and three children live in Sparks, Nevada.

10 (1034) ADVENTIST REVIEW BY BRIAN E. STRAYER

An Adventist time capsule

en Joseph Bates called the tiny Sab- bathkeeping band of ex-Millerites "a scattered, torn, and peeled people," he never dreamed that W150 years later, 8 million Seventh-day Adventists in approximately 200 countries would blanket the globe with chapels, schools, hospitals, and publishing houses. In 1844 these "Shut Door Seventh Day Sabbath and Annihilationists" (as peo- ple called them) seemed doomed to extinction like other Millerite groups. Why didn't factionalism destroy them? What explains the phenomenal growth of Sabbathkeeping ? Five key factors have strengthened the Sabbathkeeping band throughout its formative years (1844-1888), reorganization period (1888-1945), and global innovation era (1945-1994). The church has organized effectively, continually developed its doc- trines, emphasized mission outreach, built a combined health and medical work, and successfully overcome obstacles. Here is a closer look at these factors.

Formative Era, 1844-1888 During the 1840s and 1850s Bates, the Whites, and others struggled to unify a scattered band in "gospel order." A peri- patetic press spread new doctrines in the Present Truth (1849) and the Advent Review (1850). Soon the "scattered flock" began .1 building meetinghouses for worship. To support traveling preachers, believers in 1859 gave money cross and in the sanctuary. to the Systematic Benevolence treasurer each Sunday when she Yet some "loving legalists" came collecting for "Sister Betsy." Having chosen a name in continued the debate over the 1860, Seventh-day Adventists organized quickly: the Review two-horned beasts of Reve- and Herald press legally incorporated in 1861, state conferences lation 13, the Trinity, Arma- formed in 1861, and the General Conference was established at geddon, and the king of the Battle Creek in 1863. By 1882 a denomination of 30,000 mem- north in the 1860s and 1870s. bers had colleges in Battle Creek, ; South Lancaster, They refused to accept the Massachusetts; and Healdsburg, California, with busy presses in gospel in Galatians and the Oakland, California, and Basel, Switzerland. righteousness by faith mes- Doctrinal development. As organization developed, so did sage of A. T. Jones and E. J. awareness of new truth. Our Millerite legacy included premillen- Waggoner at Minneapolis in nialism, conditional immortality, and the first and second angels' 1888. messages. But at the Sabbath Conferences (1848-1850), prayer, Mission outreach. Ham- study, and all-night discussion added the Sabbath, Spirit of pered by legalism and misun- Prophecy, and the third angel's message to this edifice of truth. derstanding the "shut door," Accepting Ellen White's Laodicean reproofs in 1856, early Adventists saw no need Adventists realized their need of a Saviour's atonement both at the to proselytize. If Christ had

ADVENTIST REVIEW (1035) 11

"shut the door" on October 22, At the Western Health Reform Institute (1866) in Battle 1844, all who rejected the first Creek, the Rural Health Retreat in St. Helena (1878), and two angels' messages could through the pages of Kellogg's Good Health magazine, not receive the third. Adventists spread the message of healthful living. But by the 1850s Review Overcoming obstacles and opposition. Had Sabbathkeeping articles explained that while Adventism been solely a human movement, it could not have the door to the holy place was survived the obstacles thrown against it from its inception. The closed, the door to the Most of October 22, 1844, destroyed most Holy Place remained open as Millerites' zeal. Poverty, disease, and immorality discouraged Jesus pleaded His atoning many; fanaticism and factionalism doomed other groups. blood for sinners. Bates found In the 1840s, Enoch Jacob's "spiritual wifery" and George David Hewitt in Battle Creek Storrs' "organization is Babylon" sidetracked many. In the 1850s, eager to accept the third the Messenger Party in Michigan and the "age to come" offshoot. angel's message and the in Wisconsin distracted others. During the Civil War, Iowa dissi- Sabbath in 1852, although he dents formed the Marion Party, which criticized James and Ellen had not been a Millerite. White, while ex-evangelist defended spiritualism as With a message of hope to biblical. Dudley Canright's acerbic Seventh-day Adventism share, Adventists began "mov- Renounced (1889) stunned the youthful church. But with faith in ing out" to the Midwest in the God and a "blessed hope" rooted in Christ, it endured. fifties, to California in 1868, to continental Europe in 1874, and Reorganization Era, 1888-1945 to England, Australia, Egypt, The band of 3,500 Sabbatarian Adventists in the 1860s num- and Hong Kong in the eighties. bered 78,000 by 1901 and 576,000 in 1945, with colleges, hos- They developed new wit- pitals, and presses on every continent. nessing methods. Maria Clearly, the maturing church had outgrown its original adminis- Huntley pioneered the Tract trative carapace. With seven quasi-independent organizations in and Missionary Society. Battle Creek operating outside General Conference supervision, If Christ had "shut George King trained colpor- the time had come for greater decentralization and representation. teurs. Stephen Haskell started To reduce the "kingly power" of small boards, the General a ship ministry. Husband/ Conference Committee grew from 7 in 1887 to 25 in 1901. To the door" on wife tent evangelism teams provide better communication between the world headquarters drew larger crowds than local and local conferences and missions, union conferences were circuses. formed in Australia (1894), South Africa (1897), the United October 22, 1844, Health and medical work. States (1901), and other fields. From 1901 to 1918, nine quasi- Although bombarded by infor- independent organizations became new General Conference mation on temperance, diet, departments, while six new divisions directed by vice presidents all who rejected the dress, and health reform, early fostered representation and efficiency in spreading gospel truth. Adventists did not see the spiri- Doctrinal development. After some former legalists discov- tual importance of improving ered "the truth as it is in Jesus" at Minneapolis, their preaching first two angels' their lifestyle. Many had quit focused less on the law and more on the cross. Rejecting theo- using liquor, tobacco, tea, and logical debates, preachers followed A. T. Jones, E. J. by the 1850s, but Jesus Waggoner, and A. G. Daniells in affirming the divinity of messages could not was coming too soon to get Christ, emphasizing righteousness by faith, and focusing on liv- sidetracked on diet and bathing! ing the victorious life in Jesus. After Ellen White's 1863 Ellen White's , Desire of Ages, and Christ's receive the third. vision showed healthful living Object Lessons drew believers to the divine/human Christ. as part of the third angel's Camp meeting revivals, ministerial institutes, and devotional message, however, believers books like Meade MacGuire's Life of Victory helped them see gradually accepted it collec- "the matchless charms of Christ." tively. Progressive revelation A new Home Missionary Department (1922) prepared mem- led them to give up pork and bers to share these truths with Bible study guides, filmstrips, and to recommend giving up all Ingathering magazines. meats, to use water internally Mission outreach. But many wanted to go beyond their and externally rather than neighborhoods with Christ's love. Young Edson White took the drugs, to adopt the reform gospel to Blacks in the Deep South of the United States in the dress, and to use salt, sugar, 1890s. Blind Austin Wilson edited the Christian Record in eggs, and butter in moderation. braille after 1900. Aging Stephen Haskell's ethnic ministry in

12 (1036) ADVENTIST REVIEW New York City reached Jews and immigrants after 1910. Apostasies among top lead- Zealous for foreign missions, General Conference presidents ers like Conradi, Jones, My Dream . . . Arthur Daniells (1901-1922) and William Spicer (1922-1930) Waggoner, Canright, and broke the Adventist mold of working for White Anglo-Saxon Kellogg stunned Adventist Protestant groups by sending missionaries among Hindus, members. But by moving its Buddhists, Muslims, and others. Anna Knight in India, Harry college from Battle Creek to Miller in China, Mimi Scharffenberg in Korea, the Stahls in Berrien Springs, its medical Bolivia, and the Halliwells in Brazil breached geographic, cul- school to Loma Linda, and its tural, and national boundaries to heal the sick, train the young, General Conference headquar- and preach Christ. ters and press to Takoma Park Members back home in America and Europe eagerly gave a after 1901, the scarred but week's salary every year in support of these missionary heroes. growing church made a fresh Health and medical work. Since the 1860s Ellen White and start. had shaped the message. The doctor confessed that he kept five Global Innovation Era, I dream of a day when years ahead of other medical centers by comparing new scien- 1945-1994 our first priority will be to tific findings with her writings and adopting the findings when In the postwar era of hostil- introduce people to Jesus the two agreed. Tragically, Kellogg's pantheism, criticism of ity to Western culture, the before we introduce them to church leaders and Ellen White, expansionist ambitions, and lax church's seminaries and col- our 27 fundamental beliefs. tithe paying and church attendance caused his expulsion in 1907. leges have trained national I dream of a day when Many wondered if the church could support a medical program workers for leadership posi- congregations will appoint without the doctor. tions. Soon membership tripled leaders based on spiritual But a series of financial miracles enabled the church to pur- from 650,000 (1945) to 2 mil- maturity, and not skin color, chase sanitariums at National City (Paradise Valley), Glendale, lion (1970)--then quadrupled gender, financial standing, and Loma Linda, California, as well as at Hinsdale, Illinois. And to 8 million this year. or educational level. just as Kellogg's American Medical Missionary College expired With increasing sensitivity I dream of a day when in 1910, the College of Medical Evangelists opened in Loma for minorities, Adventist lead- our churches are known for Linda to train physicians and dentists for mission service. ers voted for regional confer- the warmth, love, and Evangelists began incorporating health education classes in ences in North America in acceptance experienced by their meetings. In 1934 Everett Dick, at , started 1945. Black membership shot everyone who walks through what became the , preparing youth for non- from 18,000 in 1945 to 60,000 the doors. I want people to combatant war service as medics and nurses. Adventists had by 1966. After 1976 one out feel that they've come home, decided that evangelism and medical work must go together. of five North American no matter their clothes, their Overcoming obstacles and opposition. Church growth came Division members was an hairstyle, their makeup, or if despite some of the most incredible difficulties the maturing African-American. they're wearing jewelry. church has ever faced. Workers faced Ku Klux Klan violence in Congregations began ordain- Jesus doesn't require us the South. One hundred Adventists were jailed or worked on ing women as local elders and to have it all together before chain gangs for laboring on Sunday. German and French children associates in pastoral care, and we come to Him. He bids us paid fines or were failed for not attending school on Sabbath. teens became junior deacons to come just as we are. I During the depression of 1893, church workers took 25 percent and elders in the seventies. dream of a day when we dis- pay cuts: the General Conference treasury held only $61.20! As global financial pres- play this kind of empathy During both world wars, governments nationalized Adventist sures mounted, the General toward those who are strug- hospitals, closed schools, and took over presses. Isolation, Conference responded with gling with alcohol, drugs, poverty, persecution, and death nearly destroyed the church in new debt retirement funding, AIDS, divorce, etc. Germany, Italy, and Russia—but it endured. investment committees, and Do I dream impossibili- Since troubles from without failed to crush the church, Satan reserve fund plans. ties? Our God is God of stirred up dissidence within. False prophets like Anna Gannire, Doctrinal development. the impossible. When we Anna Phillips, and Margaret Rowen sought to replace Ellen Meanwhile, a new Lay rely on Him, all things are White. Some members pushed faith healing, competitive sports, Activities Department, formed possible. lawsuits, or esoteric theology. in 1966, sought to involve Critics attacked church leaders and doctrines. In the 1890s every member in active wit- Steve Trapero, a displaced Ballenger denied the sanctuary significance of 1844; Stanton nessing. Outreach opportuni- southern Californian, is the called the church "Babylon"; Kellogg promoted pantheism. ties multiplied: Voice of designer for the Adventist After 1900 the perfectionistic holy flesh movement gripped the Youth crusades, cooking Review. He and his wife, Indiana Conference, the World War I German Reform move- schools, Dial-a-Prayer mes- Aikyoung, live in Burtonsville, ment divided Adventists there, and the Shepherd's Rod in sages, Bible camps, Reve- Maryland. America set new dates for Christ's coming. lation seminars, and numerous

ADVENTIST REVIEW (1037) 13 "bands" (prayer, prison, nurs- yearned for service abroad. They went as "flying doctors" (den- ing home, canvassing, etc.). tists, oculists, surgeons) with Liga International, as builders of In response to religious lib- churches and schools with Maranatha Volunteers International, erty threats, the church pub- and as pioneers among new people groups with Adventist lished Liberty as a watchdog on Frontier Missions. God's blessing has made the One Thousand Sunday laws, school prayer, Days of Reaping (1983-1985), Harvest 90 (1985-1990), and and other First Amend- Global Mission (1990-1995) outreach thrusts tremendously suc- ment concerns. In the search for cessful. One hundred truth, it established the Biblical Health and medical work. A rapidly growing church Research Committee (1952), became a more health-conscious movement, innovating sev- invited theological discussions eral programs to improve the quality of life. Wayne McFarland Adventists were at Bible conferences (1952, and Elman Folkenberg's Five-Day Plan (Breathe Free) helped 1974), and sponsored archaeo- smokers quit the habit. L. A. Senseman and E.H.J. Steed's logical digs in Palestine. To Four Dimensional Key plan assisted alcoholics. Cooking jailed or worked on clarify Adventist teachings for schools taught low-fat, sugarless, vegetarian cuisine. the public, it published Ques- In the seventies Westbrook Hospital, Faith for Today's TV tions on Doctrine (1957) and series, taught healthful living in a Christian drama setting. In the chain gangs for held longer (12-week) evange- eighties and nineties, talk show host Dan Matthews has inter- listic crusades. viewed medical and health personnel on Lifestyle Magazine. In 1980 the church in Even traditional evangelism focused on healthful living. Local laboring on Sunday. General Conference session churches sponsored health fairs or antidrug displays at county voted 27 fundamental beliefs, fairs using Smoking Sam (or Sally) and cancer-laden lungs in a and in 1988 the General jar. Vacation Bible Schools taught children good health tips Conference Ministerial Asso- along with crafts, songs, and Bible games. Community Services ciation published Seventh-day centers held cooking schools in addition to distributing food and Adventists Believe . . . , elabo- clothing during disasters. Colleges innovated wellness programs rating on these doctrinal to keep faculty fit and reduce medical costs. Teens read Listen, foundations. signed the teetotal pledge, joined aerobics groups, and supported Mission outreach. In the Adventist Youth for Better Living (AYBL) programs. postwar era Adventists discov- Adventists have come a long way from the pork-eating, pipe- ered creative ways to spread smoking days of the 1850s! the "blessed hope" of Christ's Overcoming obstacles and opposition. Such progress came soon return. Fordyce Deta- in spite of obstacles, many severe. Postwar inflation and eco- more and H.M.S. Richards of nomic stagnation in some areas; bloody coups and political rev- the began olutions in others; tribal, civil, and international wars—all left radio Bible correspondence their mark on the global church. courses in the forties, while Adventists faced challenges from the secular realm: labor William Fagal of Faith for union controls, calendar reform, evolution, accreditation Today and demands, and apartheid. of preached Christ Within, several contentious incidents stimulated lasting posi- on TV in the fifties. Lay evan- tive change. Brinsmead's and Ford's attacks on traditional sanc- gelism in the Philippines, tuary truth caused the church to rethink its most unique doctrine. Korea, and Mexico converted Merikay Silver sued Pacific Press over equal pay for women, thousands in single crusades. which eventually raised wages for the majority of denomina- In the sixties Gottfried tional employees—women. Oosterwal at Andrews Univer- Lucy Byard's death after she was denied treatment at sity started Mission Institutes Washington Sanitarium and Hospital for being Black stirred the to train foreign missionaries. church to take action against racial discrimination. More than 1,200 youth had volunteered as student mis- The more things change ... sionaries to 83 countries by Like the small group of Sabbathkeeping ex-Millerites in the 1975, while scores of English 1840s, Adventists of the 1990s are even more "scattered," but as a Brian E. Strayer is language school teachers wit- burgeoning global movement. They are still "torn and peeled" by a professor of his- nessed through their enthusi- the winds of war, political strife, economic hardship, and occa- tory at Andrews asm and love in Korea and sional apostasy. Yet God has blessed this people of the "blessed University, Berrien Japan. hope" with progressive revelations on organization, doctrine, mis- Springs, Michigan. Adult professionals also sion, and healthful living. In Christ their future appears bright 14 (1-38) ADVENTIST REVIEW Should pre-med majors lock themselves in a science lab?

Well, not all of them. Anita Youngberg, in addition to taking her biology courses, happens to be our first woman Student Association president, plays forward on the Lady Knights basketball team, and works as a staff nurse at Harris Methodist Hospital in Fort Worth. At Southwestern Adventist College, Christian education Southwestern means involvement. Adventist College Academics is not a word we study, it's a word we 1-(800) 433-2240 experience. If outside the US, call collect (817) 556-4794

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City St/Prov Zip • 30-day money-back guarantee Country • Toll-free customer support Payment method: Check 0 Money order 01 • Telephones: Credit card: Visa 01 MC 01 Card # Exp Date (301) 680-6555 Send to: Ellen G. White Estate MARYMND RESIDENTS ADD 5% SALES TAX. (301) 680-6540 12501 Old Columbia Pike Silver Spring, Maryland 20904 Specify: PC 0 Mac 01 Fax: (301) 680-6090 ADVENTIST REVIEW : "Miktas. W Seventh-day AdventistChurch,andtraveltheworldbyhorse and buggy,trainship. she wouldwrite26booksand4,600articlescontainingspiritual counsel, commentaryontheBible,andguidancehowto live a healthy,happyChristianlife.Nooneimaginedshemight become aspecialmessengerforGod. days. In1843sheandherfamilyweredisfellowshippedby their church inPortland,Maine,fortheirstrongbeliefJesus'immi- nent return,whichtheyexpectedonOctober22,1844. despair. disappointed Christiansacross NorthAmericawereplungedinto "wrapped ina vision ofGod'sglory."' of herteenagegirlfriendsin Portland,Maine,gatheredina prayer band.Shelatertestified thatGod'spowercameoverher as shehadneverexperienced itbefore.Shefeltshewas -••••• No onewouldhavepredictedthatduringthenext70years A childhoodaccidentatage9virtuallyendedEllen'sschool When thesehopesweredashed,sheandthousandsofother On aDecembermorningfew weekslater,Ellenandafew Though reluctant tospeakofitpublicly,she latersharedher 419 l . lt,..‹... -- - .," ,_,. ..,s -.... hen EllenHarmonturned17inNovember could haveimaginedthatsomeoneinsuchfrag- ile healthwouldlivetobe87,cofoundthe " 1844, shewastimid,sick,andtroubled.Noone - ..-• - ... _,- Her propheticgift°nil"hecomesmor .... ..11 -- " _.. . i ....--- 4 , ..... 04b.. 4 :- -..... story. NearbyAdventbelieversaccepteditaslightfromGod. been thrownintochaosbydisappointment,shefeltassuredthat God waswiththem.Iftheystayedonthepathandclungtotheir experience gaveAdventistsreasontohopeagain.Whiletheyhad faith, shepredicted,theywouldbreakoutofdarknessintolight. female andjustateenagerdidnotinspiretheirconfidence. Testing theGift 1844 werecautiousabout"newlight."ThefactthatEllen was ister, broughtneededpersonalstabilityandcredibility.In the years aheadJames'sleadershipandadministrativeabilities would helpsustainEllenandmakeherworkmoreeffective. her. Thosewhoacceptedher claim ofGod'sspecialleadingdid she hadvisionsinpublicsettings—the lackofbreathinherbody so foravarietyofreasons. and gracefulgesturesthatwere sopowerfulthatstrongmen could haveinspired hertowrite could notalterthem. Ellen Harmonfeltthattheinsightsgainedinthisvisionary Many Milleriteswhodidnotabandontheirfaithaltogether in Her marriagein1846toJamesWhite,ayoungordainedmin- But throughoutherlifebothbelieversandunbelieverstested Some feltaweatthephysical phenomena theyobservedwhen Others feltthat onlyGod ivitli age. BY KITWATTS (1041) 17

JOEL D. SPRINGER them letters testifying to changes needed in their personal ❑ What role did her husband and her literary assistants play lives—issues they had never told anyone about. in helping her prepare material for publication? Church leaders who struggled with prophetic and doctrinal inter- ❑ Did Ellen White make errors? Did she ever change posi- pretations took heart when she said God had led them. Or they kept tions on theological issues? Do her writings show growth over on studying when she said God had more for them to learn. time in her personal understanding? Is she infallible? At times leaders resisted her counsel to establish a school or 01Did she practice what she preached about lifestyle issues? hospital in a location that seemed totally unsuitable, but changed their minds when her predictions came true and her counsel Recent Responses proved correct.' During the past 25 years much new research has been done. Many who read her books and articles felt her commentary on Some of this picks up where the 1919 Bible conference left Scripture breathed life into their devotional experience and off. For example, church president A. G. Daniells argued that renewed their faith in Jesus. the physical phenomena that accompanied Ellen White's pub- Though never elected to a church office, Ellen White often lic visions were "not the best kind of evidence" to prove divine participated in major decisions—whether to build a medical inspiration.' school, launch a gospel mission among former slaves, or to Or as Roger Coon, recently retired associate secretary of the establish publishing houses around the world. White Estate, puts it: "Taken alone, physical phenomena are evi- Hers was a key voice in vigorous debates, including the dis- dence of something supernatural, but they don't prove whether cussion of righteousness by faith that boiled over during the it's of the devil or of the Holy Spirit." 1888 General Conference session in Minneapolis. In 1980 Neal C. Wilson, president of the General Conference, The impact of this ongoing ministry led Seventh-day wrote a major article entitled "This I Believe About Ellen G. Adventists to affirm Ellen White as one sent by God with "the White." He made five observations about the work of a prophet4 spirit of prophecy." She has long been accepted as an inspired 1."Originality is not a test of inspiration." messenger, one called to energize the church in a mission of warn- 2. "God inspires people, not words." ing and Christian service at the end of time. 3. "The Holy Spirit helps the messenger to select his mate- rial carefully." Facing Important Issues 4. "The prophet's use of existing materials does not necessar- However, it must be recognized that not all Seventh-day ily mean that the prophet is dependent upon these sources." Adventists view Ellen White in the same way. Although nearly 5. "Whenever we recognize similarities we must also see the 80 years have passed since her death in 1915, we are still learn- dissimilarities." ing about her. Is Ellen White canonical? "No," says Roger Coon. "She's like Some learning occurs when detractors raise questions and some individuals mentioned in Scripture whom we call 'literary more specific answers are dug out. And some learning occurs prophets.' They were used by God, but their writings are not in when we carefully evaluate our own presuppositions about the the Bible. Mrs. White characterized herself as a 'lesser light to nature of inspiration. lead men and women to the greater light," the Bible." For example, do human understanding and human language From the earliest days of her ministry, White put the Bible limit God's ability to communicate divine truth to us? Or does first: "I recommend to you, dear reader, the Word of God as the God so completely overshadow a human instrument that truth is rule of your faith and practice." 6 perfectly revealed? Coon adds, "It's clear that she was not verbally inspired. Such questions were discussed frankly just four years after God inspired her thoughts, but she found it a challenge to her death by church leaders and Bible and history teachers who express them. She sought editorial help from James and from met at a 1919 Bible conference in Takoma Park, Maryland. literary assistants. She also revised her writings for different Unfortunately, the views held by those who knew Ellen White purposes." personally were lost to the church until 1974, when F. Donald Regarding her lifestyle, Paul Gordon, secretary of the White Yost discovered transcripts of the meeting in the General Estate, notes that Ellen White did not come by health reform Conference archives. "naturally." When her family faced serious health problems, she Several issues discussed in 1919 deserve our continued study tried many things. Over time a series of visions on health reform today. For example: provided what Gordon calls a "gospel sieve," that is, guiding ❑ What are the strongest evidences of Ellen White's special principles that helped her avoid extremes being advocated in her calling as a messenger of God? day and focus on practices that truly promoted health. ❑ What is the nature of inspiration? What authority does it As for infallibility, Ellen White herself states: "In regard to carry? If Ellen White is inspired of God, is she canonical—that infallibility, I never claimed it; God alone is infallible."' She is, are her counsels and writing equal to that of biblical prophets? was not prevented from making errors on historical details. ❑ Do Seventh-day Adventists look first to Ellen White, or is Gordon believes that "her contribution was not to retell his- the Bible the source of faith and practice? tory more accurately than anyone else, but to reveal new dimen- ❑ Was Ellen White influenced by her times? Did she borrow sions of history." This is best illustrated by her view that earth's or reshape ideas and words from contemporary historians, history is the scene of a war, or great controversy, between reformers, and Christian thinkers? Were her ideas original? good and evil.

18 (1042) ADVENTIST REVIEW Who Is the Real Ellen White? Pearson uses when she charac- Like our church's pioneers, Adventists continue to search for terizes her as "the woman who present truth, or answers that fit issues arising today. mothered the church." m These range from understanding the nature of Christ and the A parent lives with two Bible admonition to "Be ye therefore perfect," to attitudes and concerns—meeting the chil- policies about racism, appropriate worship styles, and the dren's needs and teaching equality of women with men. Because of hermeneutics, or dif- them important principles. My Dream . . . ferent approaches to interpretation, Adventists in good standing Sometimes both 'can be satis- sometimes arrive at opposite conclusions after reading fied. Sometimes the two are in Scripture and Ellen White. conflict. And no parent makes More issues wait in the wings. How will Adventists respond perfect choices. to the environmental movement, family violence, and the need I believe the record shows to make Ellen White's message clear to people who no longer that Ellen White did an amaz- use Victorian English and who expect inclusive language? ing job. She encouraged and According to Brian Strayer, professor of history at Andrews led the church in accepting a University, one of the major challenges today is to discover prophetic mission. Words she Ellen White the person. Some have elevated her prophetic role wrote 80, 100, or 150 years to the point that her humanity is forgotten. ago still have the vitality to Roger Coon admits that Ellen White has been particularly mis- challenge and correct us. Most represented to young people. "They think of her as a little old lady of all, these words continue to One day there will be with button-up shoes, sitting on a tall stool, wagging a bony finger inspire us to live up to our no divisions in the church. at them and saying, 'If you're having fun, stop it right now." high calling in Christ Jesus. Grudges will be undone. When he teaches denominational history, Strayer tells stu- Misunderstandings will be dents about Ellen White, the young wife and suffering mother understood. Broken rela- ' Early Writings, p. 13. who buried two sons and came close to losing a third in a The establishment of Avondale tionships will be recon- near-drowning. College in Australia and Paradise Valley structed. Board meetings Sanitarium in California are two exam- "She was both a penny-pincher and a generous person," he ples. will no longer be war adds. "And while some think she was weaned on a dill pickle, ' Transcripts of the 1919 Bible con- zones. Cliques will be ference for July 30. she loved children, enjoyed picnics, and liked to camp out in the ° Adventist Review, Mar. 20, 1980. unheard-of. mountains with James and the boys." Ellen G. White, in Advent Review Members will love and and Sabbath Herald, Jan. 20, 1903, p. 15 Strayer says Ellen and James were devoted to each other but (reprinted in Colporteur Ministry, p. 125). accept brothers and sis- also had some rocky times in their marriage, particularly after 'Early Writings, p. 78. ters in need. They will ' Selected Messages, book 1, p. 37. James's strokes. Ellen also had best friends, like Lucinda Hall, A. L. White, Ellen G. White: smile more and judge with whom she corresponded in great detail, and Marian Davis, Messenger to the Remnant (Washington, less. Guests will feel so D.C.: Review and Herald Pub. Assn., a literary assistant for 25 years. 1969), p. 127. welcome that they won't Plans by the White Estate to release a CD-ROM by 1999 that Selected Messages, book I, p. 32 feel like visitors. Old and (from a letter to Dr. Paulson, June 14, contains all of her unpublished work, including her diaries, will 1906). young will respect each help us become better acquainted with Ellen White the person. Adventist Review, Apr. 2, 1992, pp. other. Members will learn 18, 19. And what did she say about herself? She admitted her human- how to compromise rather ity and her need for a Saviour. than fight. In a conversation with a young woman who had come to be her I have a dream that our housekeeper, Mrs. White said, "You may see some things in me church will be unified. that you do not approve of. You may see things in my son Willie And there will be peace. you do not approve of. I may make mistakes, and my son Willie may make mistakes. I may be lost at last, and my son Willie may Margie Mallari, 19, is a be lost. But the dear Lord has a remnant people that will be saved freshman at Pacific Union and go through to the kingdom, and it remains with each of us as Kit Watts is an College in Angwin, Cali- individuals whether or not we will be one of that number."' assistant editor fornia. Her home is in She did not call herself a prophet. Writing in 1906, she said, of the Adventist Stockton, California. "I have had no claims to make, only that I am instructed that I Review. am the Lord's messenger; that He called me in my youth to be His messenger, to receive His word, and to give a clear and decided message in the name of the Lord Jesus." 9

Like a Parent Ellen G. White helped sustain an infant church and nurture it into a worldwide movement. I like the imagery that Helen

ADVENTIST REVIEW (1043) 19

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n his book The Keys of greatly threatened before the coming of Jesus. Add that our day This Blood, Catholic of worship differs from the bulk of society, and it's easy to see writer Malachi Martin why religious liberty is a concern for us. And it has been since 1lists Seventh-day Ad- our denomination's inception. ventists along with several During the latter part and the aftermath of the Civil War in the other small organizations that United States, militant Protestants began demanding that the he says wield an influence government help the erosion of religious values within society. totally disproportionate to To many, the Civil War and the social upheaval that followed their size. were divine retribution for society's failure to live according to Martin is correct. In a num- God's laws. ber of areas Adventists have Militant Protestants formed the National Reform Association made an impact that far in 1864 to encourage the government to enforce the "general exceeds our numerical principles" of . As a result of the association's lobby- strength. Not that we've ing and the general tenor of the times, Sunday laws were soon always been the only ones to proposed in many states and were passed in several. take up a cause, or even the Five Adventists were arrested for Sunday labor in Arkansas in first to do so. But our commit- 1885, and arrests soon followed in Tennessee. In both cases the ment, persistence, and organi- state high courts upheld the conviction. Adventists clearly zation have effected change in needed a stronger lobby to avoid further conflict. society. In January 1886 the American Sentinel, the church's first reli- Because of space limita- gious liberty publication, appeared. It was later called the tions, I'll limit my discussion Sentinel of Christian Liberty, and today is known simply as to two prominent concerns Liberty. within Adventism: religious In July 1889 the Adventist Church founded the National liberty and health/temperance. Religious Liberty Association—and in one year began arguing However, there are numerous in the nation's capital against proposed legislation that boded ill other areas that I could for freedom of conscience. Since the 1880s the church has address in which the church enjoyed considerable success as it has continued to argue for has in varying degrees separation of church and state within the United States. affected society. Outside the United States the Adventist Church has had vary- ing degrees of success in promoting and preserving freedom of Religious Liberty conscience. Adventists in Australia, though relatively new Adventism's end-time the- arrivals, were influential in the debate over content in the ology centers on the belief that fledgling nation's constitution. And Canadian Adventists have freedom of conscience will be been active in religious liberty lobbying. However, in many

Sarepta M. L Henry (1839-1900) could not keep silent. After her son was enticed to enter a saloon in 1874, she soon became a nationwide evangelist against alcohol with the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (the same lobbying group that later grabbed headlines through the hatchet-wielding Carrie Nation). Enfeebled in the Battle Creek Sanitarium in 1896, she accepted the Advent message and began corresponding with Ellen White, who was in Australia at the time. Henry miraculously recovered to campaign for several more years against alcohol.

20 (1044) ADVENTIST REVIEW

BY JAMES COFFIN countries where Adventists work, U.S. standards of religious lib- United States have enjoyed erty and separation of church and state simply don't exist. relative freedom to follow the dictates of conscience. And Liberty and the Military the church's work has bene- Military participation has consistently raised religious liberty fited other faiths as well. issues. Here Adventists have played a significant role in making it possible for inductees into the military to participate in man- Labor Unions and Liberty The church's ners that follow their religious convictions. But it hasn't been an As the Adventist Church easy achievement. And the church hasn't always been as effec- was consolidating during the tive outside the United States as in it. latter part of the nineteenth track record From its beginning the Adventist Church has opposed taking century, a new social force life in war. When during the early part of the Civil War it was was emerging—labor unions. possible to buy an exemption from military participation, Although the church acknowl- in church-state issues Adventists usually chose this option. When in 1863 the govern- edged many of the inequities ment passed a law that included noncombatant provisions, the highlighted by the unions, the church immediately filed official statements with various gov- church also noted the determi- prompts friend and foe ernment entities to affirm its noncombatant teachings. nation of the unions to force However, during World War I the noncombatancy issue was employees to join them, what- complicated further by the desire of Adventist inductees to ever the cost. Granted the to take it seriously. observe the Sabbath. church's end-time theology— Neither the church nor the government was prepared. During in which freedom of con- the war 162 SDAs in the U.S. military were court-martialed. science would give way to Before the war ended, 35 of these men were serving terms of coercion, according to Reve- five to 25 years at hard labor. Thanks to the efforts of church lation 13—labor unions were leaders, all had been granted pardons by Armistice Day. But the seen as something to be need for better legislation and better preparation of Adventist avoided. young men became apparent. As the unions became more Largely because of Adventist lobbying, Congress wrote into powerful and more work- the draft laws that noncombatant conscientious objectors should places became "closed shops," be assigned to medical duty. To assist, the church in 1934 estab- Adventists again saw the need lished its Medical Cadet Corps, designed to give young men to lobby so that members— training in basic medical and military procedures. Thus, when and others with similar con- they were drafted, they would be well versed in what was victions—could yet honor expected of them. their consciences. As a result of the church's consistent efforts, personnel in the Today, resulting in great

John Harvey Kellogg (1852-1943) actually invented cornflakes. Never interested in becoming an entrepreneur, he passed the idea on to his brother Will to develop. John also invented peanut butter, Protose, and various hospital and exercise equipment. But the Battle Creek Sanitarium received most of Kellogg's energy. His skills in medicine and public relations gave it an international reputation. Former president William Howard Taft regis- tered as its 100,000th patient.

ADVENTIST REVIEW (1045) 21 Because of Ana C. Stahl (1870-1968) the Indians around Lake Titicaca were taught in their own language for the first time. Despite complaints from the Spanish-speaking government schools, Ana trained Indian teachers, who then taught in the native language. These teachers started more than 200 mission schools. She also helped her husband, Ferdinand, establish several medical clinics throughout the area. And she helped many Indians quit chewing coca leaves—the base for cocaine—by substituting flaxseed tea and quinine.

measure from the Adventist tle likelihood of passing the legislation that today is receiving Church's ongoing efforts, overwhelming support. Rather, the emphasis was on establish- employees with conscientious ing the truth about the injurious effects of tobacco. convictions are usually During the fifties, sixties, and seventies, Adventists produced exempted from labor unions in such films as One in 20,000, Cancer by the Carton, Time Pulls the United States. Outside the the Trigger, Beyond Reasonable Doubt, and I'm Sorry, Baby. U.S. the situation varies. The church's Temperance Department put forth unflagging Certainly the Adventist efforts to unmask tobacco before the public as the killer it really Church hasn't been the only is. force in church-state issues. By the middle seventies, for example, the film One in 20,000 But it has been a sustained and had been seen by an estimated 75 million people and had been consistent voice. Its track produced in 14 languages. In at least three countries—England, record prompts friend and foe Denmark, and the former U.S.S.R.—the film was a major reason to take it seriously. nationwide educational programs against smoking were started. At a time when the scientific community itself was divided Adventists and Temperance concerning the effects of tobacco, the Adventist Church was Frequently when people are unequivocal. What Ellen White had seen in vision, the church asked what they know about said to the world: "Tobacco kills!" Seventh-day Adventists, they But the church didn't just preach platitudes and condemn peo- reply that we don't smoke or ple who were slaves to bad habits. It rolled up its sleeves and drink alcohol. Perhaps more went to work. The Five-Day Plan, developed in 1959 by E. J. people know about Adventism Folkenberg and J. Wayne McFarland, helped millions of smok- through the church's health/ ers to kick the habit. Many went on to adjust their entire lifestyle temperance work than any of as a result of what they learned. its other outreaches. Alcohol, too, the church has always called dangerous. From In June 1863 Ellen White the 1880s through the repeal of Prohibition the Adventist had a comprehensive vision Church was active in proclaiming alcohol's evils. C. S. about the importance of Longacre, active in both religious liberty and temperance, served healthful living. Today that three times as the chair of national conventions for the Anti- concern for health manifests Saloon League. Through his temperance activities he became itself tangibly in an impressive personal friends with William Jennings Bryan and other well- chain of Adventist hospitals known politicians. As a result of his high-level contacts, and dispensaries spread Longacre lobbied effectively for both temperance and religious around the world. liberty. But the church's impact has In society at large a period of relative silence about alcohol been equally present in less followed the repeal of Prohibition. But Adventists continued tangible ways. For example, their efforts against it. By taking the stand of total abstinence, though Adventists today aren't the church set itself apart from the practice of the majority of prime movers in the increas- Christians. ingly restrictive smoking leg- Three films produced in the early 1960s—From 5 to 7:30, islation in the United States, Verdict at 1:32, and Becky—convincingly showed that alcohol is for decades Adventists battled not the attractive social elixir advertisers depict it to be. Rather, almost singlehandedly. In those days there was lit- Continued on page 26

22 (1046) ADVENTIST REVIEW

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A Tradition of Service In 1922, a group of Seventh-day More than anything, though, it is our faculty who Adventist visionaries in Southern exemplify service. More than just lecturers, these Christian California founded a school to "train leaders personally work with our students, listen to them, our young people to render efficient encourage them to be their best. Our professors roll up their service." Of course, there have been sleeves and work side by side with Many of our students some changes since then. New buildings. A merger students during our annual have gone on to 0 and a separation from Loma Community Service life of service. Linda University. A new name. Day, removing graffiti, Here are just a few: But today, more than 70 years painting houses and Arthur Torres later, cleaning up yards. 1962 continues that same tradition As a Seventh-day Kay Kuzma of service. Adventist institution of 1962 The Stahl Center for World higher learning, La Milton Murray Service, for example, was Sierra University strives 1949 founded four years ago to pass on a vision of world to achieve excellence. We are Roger Po Wen Li service to today's young people. It promotes honored to be recognized by U.S. 1976 international service projects, such as digging wells in News and World Report placing Malaysia, building schools on the floating islands of Lake La Sierra among America's Tom and Violet Zapara Titicaca, and erecting orphanage buildings in Kenya. In best national universities. 1947 1992, along with ADRA International, the Stahl Center co- Our College of Arts and Sciences sponsored Global Village, which brought third-world living and Schools of Business, 1958 conditions to fully twenty-thousand visitors. Right now it is Education, and Religion sponsoring Global Quilting and Global Piecemaking, an all offer competitive Lonnie Melashenko 1968 international effort to make and deliver 10,000 quilts for undergraduate and graduate AIDS babies worldwide. programs. We are committed to Lourdes Morales Gudmundson The John Hancock challenging our students 1966 Center for Youth Ministry is physically, mentally, and another example of La spiritually. Leo Ranzolin 1958 Sierra's commitment to To a new generation of service. Formed as an Adventists, we continue to pass Claudette Jones 1983 outgrowth of the on our tradition of service. Valuegenesis study, the Hancock Center provides a solid Lester Devine base for research, a clearinghouse for resources, and a 1986 place for training professionals and layworkers in H.M.S. Richards, Jr. service to youth. 1952 Bender Archbold For more information about the Stahl Center, 1932 the Hancock Center, or any of our more than 100 degree programs, call or write: LA. SIERRA UNIVERSITY 4700 Pierce Street Riverside, California 92515 1 (800) 874 - 5587 My Dream . . .

Amazing Facts Bible Study Guides Remember these?

My dream for our church is not that it be Then these new ones will dazzle you! perfect, but that it be accepting. I dream of a church that can accept others, no matter how dirty or poor, no matter how sr. what th. famous or rich. We could welcome them all and show them what God is really like—together. I dream of a church that can accept itself. A Siki BUR Di Ibk WC WO RAbAR church that can work out its faults—together. I dream of a church that can accept Christ and the Bible. A church that can do what Jesus • New ftwor wants it to do and change, if necessary— • Greater Clarity together. • Handy 16-page Booklet • Three New Subjects Lainey Cronk, 12, lives in Reno, Nevada, with her • Every Pa e in.,Color father, mother, sister, and two dogs. She likes read- of 14 Study Guides is now ing and writing, music, available from or your P.O. Box 680, Frederick, MD funny skits, and camp- Adventist Book Center (301) 694-6200 ing. She would like to be a schoolteacher when she gets a little older.

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ADVENTIST REVIEW John Henry Weidner (1912-1994) caused the Nazi Gestapo much heartache during World War H. His Dutch-Paris Underground never had one refugee captured of the more than 1,000 they guided to Switzerland and Spain. Most were Jews, and about 200 were Allied airmen. Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, the new Israeli govern- ment, and several other nations showered him with medals after the war.

it's a sinister threat to individ- course—has strongly influenced today's hard-line legislation uals and society. The 1963 concerning alcohol and driving. film Becky was endorsed by In the health/temperance area as in religious liberty, effective the Safety Council of the publications have helped bring success. Since 1948 Listen maga- United States and shown by zine has provided quality, youth-targeted material urging a life television stations across the free from alcohol, tobacco, and drugs. nation. Adventists forged the trail, Adventist Health Outreach demonstrating that alcohol Three years after Ellen White's 1863 vision on health, the need not be a part of social church launched a publication called the Health Reformer. That life, and today society in gen- same year the Western Health Reform Institute opened in Battle eral perceives nondrinking as Creek, Michigan—the forerunner of the more famous Battle an acceptable, rational alterna- Creek Sanitarium. By the turn of the century the sanitarium tive. Nonalcoholic beverages could boast 700 beds and a staff of nearly 1,000. Its director, are available at most social John Harvey Kellogg, achieved worldwide renown as a physi- occasions. Not long ago alco- cian, surgeon, and writer. holic beverages would have While the church has advocated the practice of orthodox been the only option. medicine from its Battle Creek beginning, it has always empha- The church's willingness to sized a healthy lifestyle—the means to remove the causes of ill voice its concern about the ills health in addition to addressing the symptoms. This too has caused by alcohol—at a time finally been recognized by the medical field at large. when theirs was an unpopular A major factor in the church's health outreach has been in Loma Linda, Adventist Singles Ministries provides Seventh-day Adventist Singles California. Besides training medical profes- across North America opportunities for sionals, many of whom are employed by the church's extensive health-care chain, I Spiritual Enrichment, the university has engaged in a variety of research projects that have demonstrated Personal Growth, the validity of the lifestyle practices first and Social and taught by Ellen White.

Recreational The Advent of Breakfast Cereal Activities. One of the by-products of the Adventist interest in health, yet the one thing that For information on future New Year's directly affects the general public daily, is retreats and ski trip, Memorial Day the emergence of breakfast cereals. retreat, conferences, camps, mission While director of the Battle Creek outreach projects, or for membership Sanitarium, John Harvey Kellogg sought information, call or write: ways to make cereal grains more attractive Adventist Singles Ministries to his patients. The result is the cereal 4467 King Springs Road flakes that today are on millions of tables at Adventist S' Smyrna, Georgia 30082 breakfasttime. Ministries Telephone: 404-434-5111 While the breakfast food industry in the United States didn't long remain within the

ADVENTIST REVIEW

Adventist Church, it's an out- growth of the church's con- Too Little Too Late cern about health. Today the Adventist Church in Australia BY JAMES COFFIN and New Zealand benefits become involved, the move- nize that because we live in financially from its Sanitarium Although the Seventh-day ment has already drifted in a world of sin, ideal options Health Food Company, an Adventist Church has im- directions that make us aren't always available. We Australian Fortune 500 cereal pacted society disproportion- uncomfortable. concede that abortion is producer. ately to our size, I believe that Second, we haven't been occasionally the best of bad in recent years we've failed in vocal in the gender-equity alternatives. Lessons to Be Learned key areas to make the impact debate. Even if our church Realizing that such deci- Health and religious liberty we could have made. It's ultimately decides that for sions are heart-wrenching, are but two developments by beneficial to look not only at theological reasons ordina- we prefer to let those most which the church has notably our successes but also at our tion should forever be with- affected ultimately decide. influenced society. In each missed opportunities. held from women, we can't However, we urge a family's case success has come For starters, we have not justify our failure to speak out community of faith to add because the church has been a force in the environ- and set an example on input that lovingly responds addressed the problem early, mental movement. The women's concerns in other to the predicament. taken positions that at the time "Adventist" in our name spheres. Had the North American weren't popular, and persisted points us toward the future. How often we've acknowl- church consolidated its even when success seemed But the "Seventh-day" sug- edged the right of women to thinking on abortion sooner unlikely. gests we also seek a bal- receive equal pay for equal and had we been more vocal As we look at the chal- anced, Creator-conscious work only when the courts in sharing our convictions— lenges of today we must not life here and now. have forced us to. It's sad which are eminently reason- forget those characteristics Our wholistic approach to that we didn't take more ini- able—the extreme polari- that have made us successful life and our belief that the tiative to ensure equal zation of today's debate in the challenges of the past. Sabbath is a memorial of access and equal treatment might not exist. Creation should make us for women in education, Church growth has made environmentalists. But unfor- employment, and other situa- us more concerned with our tunately we have too often tions. public image. When David been indifferent: "Everything Had Christians—particu- Koreshes pop up, they indi- will be destroyed soon any- larly Adventists—acted as rectly affect 8 million people. way. Why worry?" catalysts for change, radical However, trying to be Instead of leading the field feminism would have gained a pleasant, respectable and promoting the Bible's little, if any, influence. church is lessening our abil- James Coffin is balance between commit- Third, as a church we hid ity to decide quickly, act senior pastor of ment to the present and far too long from the abortion decisively, and speak loudly the Markham hope for the future, we've debate. We're still too silent. enough on issues to influ- Woods church focused primarily on the Our church's recently ence society. in Orlando, future and left the environ- articulated position in 1992 As our numbers grow, we Florida. mental agenda to others. has much to commend. mustn't let our influence Now that we've finally We're pro-life, yet we recog- shrivel.

Through his van ministry, Earl W. Moore (1925- ) provided the only organized health care for the Poor People's March on Washington, D.C., in 1968 after Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassina- tion. Throughout the six-week civil-rights encampment more than 30 Howard University doctors gave their time for Moore's Mobile Medical Unit. He also provided care at the 1967 riots in Detroit and for more than 300 injured during the Memphis riots surrounding King's death.

ADVENTIST REVIEW (1051) 27 Can we still believe the sanctuary doctrine

an Adventists still clusion was reached, I feared a deep split in the church. BY BEATRICE NEALL believe in the sanc- Before the conference I prayed and studied as papers support- tuary doctrine after ing and questioning the doctrine came in the mail. Desmond a century and a Ford's 1,000-page document arrived, followed by refutations Chalf? Has a judgment really from William Shea, who, judging from the type, was pounding been going on in the heav- relentlessly by day and night on whatever typewriter he could enly sanctuary all this time? find to get the materials out to us. At times I felt like the carpet- During the past 15 years, bagger judge trying his first case. After hearing the accuser pre- winds of controversy have sent his side, he slammed his fist on the table and shouted, "He's swirled around this subject, and got it!" But after listening to the other side, he said, "Ain't that I as a Bible teacher have felt strange? Now he's got it!" their force. At the 1980 Glacier View Conference I trembled as Grappling With the Issue I saw the church's scholars and On which side of the controversy would I stand? administrators publicly grapple Ever since college days when I led a section of sopranos in with the issue of whether to John Hamilton's choir to shout "Be not afraid!" one measure too soon, I have been afraid of being publicly wrong! Would I be among the progressives who are bold to discard the old and advance to new understandings, or would I be among the stal- warts who maintain the truth when others discard it? In negative terms, would I be an apostate or an old fossil? At Glacier View the small study group to which I was assigned prayed earnestly before considering each aspect of the doctrine. As all the groups met together to report on their con- clusions, I saw a miracle of consensus take place. Not all of the proof texts used by the pioneers were supported. But the large group affirmed the basic pillars of the sanctuary doctrine. Still, there were numerous questions to be studied. The book of Daniel, not unsealed until the time of the end, is profound. It still contains mysteries. It is not surprising that there is contro- versy over various interpretations. Fortunately while I was teaching Daniel and Revelation each year at Union College, I was privileged to belong to the Daniel and Revelation Committee that researched the many aspects of the doctrine and published seven volumes on Daniel, Revelation, Leviticus, and Hebrews.' I was greatly enriched by the interchange of ideas. As I studied I recalled 's assertion: "Truth bears investigation." It can stand the closest scrutiny. To my joy, affirm or discard it. Had the I discovered that the following pillars of our prophetic heritage time come to abandon an stand firm. archaic doctrine? If we did abandon it, would we be repu- 1. The historicist system of interpretation. diating our origin as a people This is the idea that the prophecies of Daniel and Revelation of prophecy? Whatever con- present a sweep of history extending from the time of the 28 (1052) ADVENTIST REVIEW Teacher after a century and a half?

prophet until the end-time. Antichrist is the papacy, which ruled (Dan. 7:25), six and a third for 1,260 years and will be revived in the end-time. Today years until the sanctuary is Adventists are almost alone in holding to this perspective. cleansed (Dan. 8:14), and 10 Most Bible scholars are preterists, believing that Daniel and days of persecution (Rev. John were writing about crises in their own time.' In their sys- 2:10)—no big deal! tem, Daniel's "antichrist" is the evil king Antiochus Epiphanes, Normally Bible prophecies while John's antichrist is Caesar. Then what about the climax of cover many years: 400 years I trembled as I saw the prophecies, which was to be the setting up of God's king- of Egyptian oppression (Gen. dom? Preterists say it was a false hope. 15:13), 40 years of wilderness Futurism, another system of interpretation, holds that the wandering (Num. 14:34), 70 the church's scholars prophecies focus mainly on the end-time, a period of seven years of captivity in Babylon years when antichrist will reign and persecute God's people dur- (Jer. 25:11). The shortness of ing the last three and a half years. the times in Daniel and and administrators Why do I still hold to historicism? Because Daniel 2 does Revelation is a clue that they indeed present a sweep of history, extending through the ages stand for much longer time. from Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece, Rome, and the divided king- But how does one decipher the publicly grapple with dom to the end. Daniel 7 builds on the same structure, with added code? Ezekiel, a contemporary emphasis on Rome, a beast with a little horn that has power over of Daniel, gives the clue—a the saints for 1,260 days. Chapters 8, 9, and 11 also build into this day counts as a year (Eze. 4:6). the issue. structure. John's prophecies begin with Rome and follow the Daniel himself gives a won- Daniel sequence with more detail. If one accepts the Scriptures as derful example of the year/day inspired, then it is not difficult to see that they do indeed purport principle in chapter 9: "Weeks to extend from the time of the prophets to the time of the end. seventy are cut off for your 2. The year/day principle. people" (verse 24). All scholars This principle, vital to historicism, has been challenged by the agree that this means 490 cal- concept that Christ's kingdom was meant to be set up at His first endar years rather than a year coming, making the time periods short (three and one half literal and four months of literal time. years of persecution). Because of human failure, time continued The irregularities that scholars for nearly 2,000 years, giving rise to the need to stretch out the have noted in the expression time periods by the invention of the year/day principle. Is this "seventy weeks"' show that view correct, or is the year/day principle inherent in the prophe- the language is in code. cies themselves? To me, the evidence is clear To me, the evidence is irrefutable that the year/day principle was that the year/day principle is built right into the prophecies. The time periods are all expressed in built into the prophecies them- code language, not in normal speech as would be used for literal selves. time. "Until evening morning two thousand and three hundred" is 3. The connection between not normal speech in Hebrew or English. The number should come Daniel 8 and 9. first "Evening morning" is a strange way to express time, as is "a Adventists are unique in time, two times, and half a time." Not only that, but 2300 is an saying that the 70 weeks are unwieldy number (as if I were to say I weighed 1,760 ounces). cut off from the 2300 evenings Literal time would be called "six and a third years." and mornings. Are they right, The peculiar use of numbers shows that the time was intended especially since the two chap- to be symbolic. Furthermore, the time periods, if taken literally, ters are separated by a lapse of are very short: three and a half years of rule by the little horn 12 years?

ADVENTIST REVIEW (1053) 29

There is a logical connection the mar'eh," he was specifically focusing on the 2300 evenings and between the two chapters. The mornings! reason Daniel was praying 12 Then Gabriel zeroed in on Daniel's other concerns. Daniel years after the vision of Daniel had been thinking of the 70 years of captivity; Gabriel now told 8 was that the time had come him of another 70-70 weeks out of the 2300 evenings and for God's people to go back to mornings that were especially cut off for his people (Dan. 9:24). their own land. Already a new Daniel was concerned about the immediate future of his people government had arisen—the 70 (verses 18, 19), fearing the depredations of the evil little horn years of captivity were almost (Dan. 8:23-27). Gabriel had previously tried to explain that these up. But Daniel feared that the events would occur in the distant future (verses 17, 19, 26). vision of the 2300 evenings Now, in compliance with Daniel's request, he explained the and mornings indicated a long more immediate future of his people: the city and Temple would be delay in the restoration of the rebuilt with great difficulty, Messiah the Prince would come and be sanctuary. killed to make atonement for sins (including the sins that Daniel had Accordingly, his plea in agonized about in his prayer), and then the city and Temple would chapter 9 was that God would again be destroyed. Gabriel links these actions with the little horn stick to His promise that the power he had told about in chapter 8. 'The prince who is to come," captivity would be for only 70 who "destroys the city and sanctuary" (Dan. 9:26), is undoubtedly years (Jer. 29:10; Dan. 9:2, the little horn who affronts the Prince of the host and takes away his 19). Daniel's concern was sanctuary (Dan. 8:11). Gabriel does not tell more about the desolat- about the time and also about ing little horn of Daniel 8, except to say that the decreed punishment the fate of his people, the city, would finally be meted out on it (cf. Dan. 9:27 with Dan. 8:25). the sanctuary, and the mysteri- It thus becomes clear that the 70 weeks overlap the beginning ous "Prince of the host." of the 2300 days, from the time of Jerusalem's restoration under Gabriel came to answer these Persia to its destruction under Rome. concerns. First, he addressed the 4. Cleansing the sanctuary. question of time. He said, What is meant by "then the sanctuary shall be cleansed," in "Understand the mar'eh," a Daniel 8:14? Is it legitimate to jump from there to Leviticus 16 special word for "vision" (Dan. (the Day of Atonement chapter) to say that cleansing the sanctu- 9:23). The common word for ary means a work of ? Critics point out vision in chapter 8 is chazon, that the word for "cleansed" is not even the same word in both referring to the beasts and horns places. In Leviticus 16 it is taher and refers to the removal of the (verses 1-3ff.). But in chapter 8 sins of Israel from the camp. In Daniel 8:14 it is nisdaq and he had spoken about "the means restoring the sanctuary after the attacks of the little horn, mar'eh" of the evenings and as described in verses 11, 12. mornings! So in Daniel 9:23 There are excellent reasons to believe that cleansing the sanc- when Gabriel said "Understand tuary in Daniel 8:14 means judgment apart from Leviticus 16.

30 (1054) ADVENTIST REVIEW An investigative judgment is clearly depicted in Daniel 7:9, My Dream . . . 10. And Daniel 8 is an elabo- ration of Daniel 7! The sequence is the same: Medo- In 1957 I started life as a soy Persia, Greece, a little horn milk baby. In a distant relative's power (Rome) that lifts itself home I have listened to the up and persecutes the saints. accounts of the health message Then comes judgment in vision. I've attended Adventist Daniel 7, with the parallel schools from nearly start to finish. cleansing or making right the I've been baptized and camp sanctuary in Daniel 8:14. meetingized, and read Proph- Both chapters go on to con- etess of Health. I watched as clude that the enemy power is an old friend was incinerated destroyed (Dan. 7:26; 8:25). at Waco. The tears of pain and joy mingle. But is it legitimate to con- Now I have a dream that the church will be a place in nect Leviticus 16 to Daniel which our only hero is Jesus Christ, and that all others— 8:14? I believe it is. In both the pastors, pioneers, and parishioners—are simply fellow focus is upon the sanctuary. In travelers, not necessarily role models. both the sanctuary has been I hope that the "truth" becomes just that—the truth. And defiled by the transgression of the professed people of God (the that the search for truth is a search for a greater under- little horn power in Daniel is an apostate Christian power). In both standing of an omnipotent God. The search will be more the sanctuary is made right by a process of judgment—of lifting important than guarding the past understanding of truth. I the blame for sin from God, His sanctuary, and His saints, and hope that doing the "right" thing becomes less important putting it upon the head of Satan (the scapegoat in Lev. 16:21) and than understanding why things are right. Satan's cohort (the beast in Daniel 7:11). In both judgment is the I dream that the church will be a place in which mem- last event followed by the setting up of the kingdom of God. In bers can be the people they really are. A place they can Leviticus the Day of Atonement celebration is followed by the bring their "Gentile" friends for nourishment and not only Feast of Tabernacles, representing the final homecoming into for conversion. God's kingdom. In Daniel the judgment is followed by the saints I hope for an acceptance of scholars, visionaries, sci- inheriting the kingdom (Dan. 7:27). entists, and yes, even apparel choices. I wish for the will- However, Leviticus and Daniel describe judgment from dif- ingness to question the accepted givens, for a desire to ferent perspectives. Leviticus pictures Israel at peace in its own learn the reasons and meanings of passed-down visions sovereign state. God is judging His people, both faithful and that many in my generation can no longer see. unfaithful (Lev. 23:28, 29). Daniel views judgment from a later perspective: God's people are no longer sovereign, but are under Cindy Rae Hile Gulka is a dental hygienist who lives with enemy domination. God judges the enemy power, thus distin- her husband in Reno, Nevada. guishing between those who are faithful to Him and those who follow a counterfeit system. His true saints, vindicated by the investigative judgment, are "found written in the book" (Dan. 12:1). Both Leviticus and Daniel describe a work of judgment from the sanctuary to deal with sin.

On Solid Ground Some Adventists are disturbed that no other Christian schol- ars interpret Daniel 8 and 9 the way we do. Can a doctrine be true if no other Christians have discovered it? Yes, it can. Of this I'm absolutely convinced. We've not been Recently following cunningly devised fables. We stand on solid ground. retired, Dr. ' The Daniel and Revelation Committee Series, published from 1982 to 1993 by the Beatrice Neall Biblical Research Institute of the General Conference and edited mainly by Frank B. was a profes- Holbrook, is available through any Adventist Book Center. ' Liberal scholars believe Daniel actually lived in the second century B.C., in the time sor of theol- of the persecuting Syrian king Antiochus Epiphanes, and that he was only pretending to ogy at Union write from the sixth century. The rise of Persia and Greece, which seemed to be prophecy, would then have been actual history when Daniel wrote. For evidence that College, Daniel was written in the sixth century, see , "Establishing a Date for the Lincoln, Book of Daniel," DARCOM Series II, pp. 84-144. ' The noun for "weeks" is in an irregular gender. For a detailed discussion, see Nebraska. Volume I of the DARCOM series, chapters 3 and 4.

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Pacific Union College in California's Napa Valley - I -8 0o-862-708 o eventh-day Adventists tional church. We are God's rainbow family of the last days. today number more Although the world headquarters is located in North America, than 8 million from 89 percent of our membership resides outside the United States. almost every nation, In recognition of this fact, the major councils of the church—the Skindred, tongue, and people. General Conference session and the Annual Council—periodi- We are a true United Nations, a cally convene outside North America. BY G. RALPH THOMPSON family drawn from more than The United States still has the largest number of Seventh-day 200 countries. What the United Adventists, followed by Brazil and the Philippines. But most Nations has been unable to do Adventists now live in Mexico and the Caribbean area, fol- politically, God has done in the lowed by South America and the two divisions that occupy Seventh-thy Adventist Church. most of the African continent—Eastern Africa and the Africa- Out of many peoples He has Indian Ocean Division. All of these divisions now have more made one body. than 1 million members each. The growth of a world church, however, brings spe- cific challenges: ■ The youth factor. In many of the fast-growing areas in the developing world, the majority of our church members are under 30 years of age. What a vast army of youthful enthusiasm! But these young people want to be involved not only in the outreach of evangelism and soul winning but in adminis- tration and decision-making. So we may have to adjust the way we do things. Not our fundamental doctrines, but our methods and plans. Older adults will have to be tolerant and understanding of younger members. Their music and worship may seem somewhat different, but dif- ferent doesn't necessarily mean wrong. At the same time, young people will have to respect the preferences and tastes of the older members

R of the church family. ■ The diversity factor. PRINGE

S The church today has more

OEL D. non-Caucasian Adventists J than members of European A General Conference ses- descent. The majority of our church members come from grow- sion highlights our diversity. ing, developing countries of the world, which reflects tremen- We are a multiracial, multieth- dous success in our world evangelism and outreach. nic, multilingual, and multina- ■ The leadership factor. With the fall of colonialism after 34 (1058) ADVENTIST REVIEW

The Adventist Church today a is amazingly diverse.

World War II, national leadership in government became the way we govern the church. norm. Soon these changes began to affect the church also. These three factors help keep Today in every country we see strong national leadership on the us together despite our cultural local level, unions, and the divisions. differences. The role of missionaries from the developed nations has also rad- Of course, there will always ically changed—from supervisor to partner and participant. With be room for differences of opin- governing boards and committees reconstructed, and missionary ion among us. Our diversity, and national working together as equals, the change was wrenching even though it lends to com- and radical. But the church weathered the storm and has done very plexity, ought not frustrate us. well as a whole. Today a new breed of missionary goes out, not to We each will have to learn to supervise, but to work with nationals of the country to which he or understand people from differ- she is going. Nationals, on the other hand, have learned to respect ent backgrounds and cultures. and appreciate these fellow workers who come to serve, not to rule. Everything cannot always be ■ The economic factor. About 2,000 new members join the seen in black and white. While church every day, but this growth also brings financial stress. we all must hold the same fun- Our new brothers and sisters do not necessarily come from the damental truths, I believe in rich, highly educated, well-placed families of society. So the plurality of approaches, and church today faces economic challenges resulting from the diversity of gifts and methods extraordinary growth of the church among peoples who live in in the work of God. weaker economic surroundings versus the slower growth of Beyond all these issues, the those who live in the more developed, sophisticated, and eco- greatest challenge we face is nomically blessed nations of the earth. spiritual. Only the Holy Spirit Here, then, is the tension: money versus members. How shall can bring unity in diversity. we ensure adequate representation for all, including those whose Each group of us in this great financial ability helps to underwrite the major financial chal- multinational family must lenges of the church, but who are smaller in numbers because of earnestly seek the outpouring slower growth? Where shall we draw the line between people, of the Holy Spirit to help us leadership, and money? "He who pays the piper calls the in our daily living and in our tune"—Is this to be the deciding factor in the governance of the witnessing for Jesus Christ. church on the local church level, the conference, the union, the As we face the future, let us division, or the General Conference? stand as a united body in Shall we split off and form our own little groups of national Christ, remembering that it is churches divided by race, culture, color, national origin, and "not by might, nor by power, wealth? Or shall we remain a world body recognizing that we but by my spirit," says the are not the Seventh-day Adventist Church of Africa, of North Lord (Zech. 4:6). America, of South America, of the islands of the sea, but the The bottom-line question is Seventh-day Adventist Church in all those countries? Can common belief in the ■ The theological factor. How diverse we are! Adventists truths of Adventism override come from the uneducated, meagerly educated, and highly edu- the national, cultural, linguistic, cated; and from the rich theological backgrounds of higher edu- and racial differences that sepa- cation as well as the simple acceptance of a "thus saith the rate peoples? When tribalism, Lord." But despite the great differences of our backgrounds and ethnicity, and cultural differ- approaches, we all hold to the fundamental doctrines that make ences clash with Christianity, us a distinctive people, because our beliefs are based on the can the gospel win out? Word of God. Many thought leaders tell What holds this incredibly diverse and complex church us that Christianity always together? In my judgment, three things: our 27 fundamental loses this battle. As we face beliefs, the lessons, and our world policy and the twenty-first century, the G. Ralph Thompson is polity. All our administrators and committees adhere to the same Seventh-day Adventist Church secretary of the General Working Policy, while our Church Manual procedures, which has the opportunity to prove Conference of Seventh-day can be changed only at a General Conference session, affect the them wrong. Adventists.

ADVENTIST REVIEW (1059) 35

The question that haunts the church

y are we still less issued this sobering warning: "I saw that the time for Jesus here? The to be in the most holy place was nearly finished and that time question con- can last but a very little longer"' Wsumes the vast "Time is almost finished," she wrote the following year, and majority of Adventists as we new converts coming into the church "will have to learn in a few face the 150th anniversary of months" what had taken her and other oldtimers years to the 1844 expectation. How do master.' In 1856 she "was shown" that some in a group assem- you answer it? How would bled for a conference in Battle Creek "will be alive and remain you finish the sentence "We upon the earth to be translated at the coming of Jesus."' are still here because . .. " ? If such statements—and there are others in this veins—are to be It would be enlightening, taken at face value, the delay (from the human standpoint, at least) indeed, if it were possible to is not simply apparent, but real. Something happened. Something tap into the responses of all 8 went wrong. If we can put our finger on it, then we will have million Adventists around the found at least a partial answer to the main question before us. world—enlightening and in- structive. Because I suspect Her Own Position that many of the divisive theo- As we might expect, the passage of time made it inevitable logical issues facing our church that Ellen G. White herself should confront the issue of a delay today derive directly or indi- in the fulfillment of her own expectations and predictions. How rectly from the way we relate did she respond? to that question. Our re- In one place she wrote as follows: sponse—though often sublimi- "If all who had labored unitedly in the work of 1844 had nal—determines whether we received the third angel's message and proclaimed it in the are happy, attractive, hopeful power of the Holy Spirit, the Lord would have wrought mightily Christians or dissatisfied, criti- with their efforts. A flood of light would have been shed upon cal, and morose. Whether we the world. Years ago the inhabitants of the earth would have are daily anchoring ourselves been warned, the closing work would have been completed, and ever more deeply in Christ or Christ would have come for the redemption of His people." 6 struggling to showcase our Can anyone have any doubt as to what that statement gives as own victory. the fundamental reason why God waits? Clearly, it is the unful- fillment of the gospel commission. God does not want "anyone to Facing the Question perish, but everyone to come to repentance" (2 Peter 3:9, MV). In a narrow sense (that is to Ellen White's statements in explanation of the delay almost say, in the Adventist context), invariably contained two elements: (1) a perishing world the question is a reasonable unwarned, and (2) a lethargic remnant failing in its mission. one, raised against the back- Around 1862, for example, she referred to a satanic "death ground of statements by Ellen stupor" resting on God's people while "all heaven is astir" over G. White as early as the mid- the proclamation of the final warning.' In 1883 she pointed to nineteenth century advocating the "unbelief, the worldliness, unconsecration, and strife" among the imminence of the Advent.' the believers as responsible for their long sojourn in this world.8 Acknowledging in 1849, for "Unbelief," she said in 1893, rests upon the church "like the pall example, that "time has con- of death," preventing it from "imparting the light to those who tinued a few years longer than know not the precious truth."' While "multitudes" perish, she ROY ADAMS [we] expected," she neverthe- wrote around the turn of the century, "few of the professed fol-

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ati hina's 1.2 billion people represent one of the highest priorities 76 4 for Global Mission. Progress is being made through the involvement of committed Adventists in the country. There are more than co 157,000 believers in China, and at least 263 of 1,107 geographic c:* groups of one million people now have Adventist groups meeting every week. Several projects are in progress to tell the rest of your Chinese brothers and sisters about Jesus' soon coming.

he Euro-Africa Division invites you to get involved in Global Mission efforts in Berlin, Germany. Two largely LT , unreached groups of people are to be the recipients of your prayers and gifts: Koreans and Muslims. Activities being planned include printing evangelistic material, personal witness- ing, and employing a pastor for follow-up work. Thank you in advance for your help! #411 Berlin, Germany

Received as of September 7, 1994 0 20 41 .1 ; I I' V YOUTH EVANGELISM IN" V V Goal: $50,000 EURO-ASIA #110: Still needed: $35,165 Hold 50 evangelistic series 1 0 0 % BERLIN, GERMANY #411: Goal: S35,000 of your gift Evangelistic work among Still needed: $24,330 Koreans and Muslims goes directly BOMBAY, INDIA #504: to the project Metro evangelism to Goal: $60,000 four language groups of your choice. Monies exceeding the goal will ISTANBUL #812: Goal: $100,000 Establish an Still needed: $15,421 automatically be assigned English language school to another similar project. Myanmar/Burma #705: Provide education evangelism for students from onentered areas

Chet* payable to: Globa General Conference of 51.).4 • I2,'w unbia Pi 904-6600 *1-800-648-5824 ...or through your local church. lowers of Christ are burdened for these souls. '° tarry past the time that the message is borne to all nations, "Had the purpose of God been carried out by His people in tongues, and peoples." 16 That's her fundamental focus. giving to the world the message of mercy," she wrote in 1900, "Christ would, ere this, have come to the earth, and the saints The "Character of Christ" Statement would have received their welcome into the City of God."" A key statement that factors in Adventist discussions of this Her emphasis was the same in 1909, six years before her kind is the following: "Christ is waiting with longing desire for death: "If every watchman on the walls of Zion had given the the manifestation of Himself in His church. When the character trumpet a certain sound, the world might ere this have heard the of Christ shall be perfectly reproduced in His people, then He message of warning. But the work is years behind." 12 will come to claim them as His own."" On the basis of this philosophy she could say, in reference to But the statement does not appear in isolation. It comes with 2 Peter 3:12, that "by giving the gospel to the world it is in our much context around it—a careful study of which will show that power to hasten our Lord's return."" while it obviously has an inward-looking dimension, its funda- mental focus is outward. No Linkage "The character of Christ" here is equivalent to "the spirit of I do not find in Ellen G. White's own account any attempt to unselfish love and labor for others," a concept that appears in a link the delay to the idea of a perfect, sinless remnant. That link- parallel thought across the page and in the same context." age simply is not there. Her references to the spiritual state of Ellen White's burden throughout the chapter in question was God's people have the same tone as those to the world in gen- that of incarnational ministry Unselfish ministry. Ministry pat- eral. God does not want His professed people to be lost any terned after that of Jesus. Read the chapter for yourself and see more than He wants the world to go down to ruin. if this is not so. This comes through clearly in the following statement, written When we speak like this, some think we're watering down the in 1868: "The long night of gloom is trying; but the morning is "straight testimony," that we're making light of the kind of deep deferred in mercy, because if the Master should come, so many spiritual preparation necessary to meet the Lord. But that is to would be found unready. God's unwillingness to have His peo- misunderstand the awesome power of the kind of ministry envi- ple perish has been the reason for so long delay." 14 sioned, and the strength of spiritual commitment and surrender As every Adventist knows, she holds up before us the highest from which it flows. Hear it again in the words of Ellen G. spiritual and moral standards. "Higher than the highest human White: "If we would humble ourselves before God, and be kind thought can reach is God's ideal for His children," she said. and courteous and tenderhearted and pitiful, there would be one "Godliness—godlikeness—is the goal to be reached." But she hundred conversions to the truth where now there is only one. does not advocate that the time of the Advent is somehow But . . . we carry around with us a bundle of self. . . . It is our delayed by our failure to reach a prescribed standard of righ- privilege to lay this burden at the feet of Christ and in its place teousness. She is very clear: the coming of the Lord "will not take the character and similitude of Christ." '

ADVENTIST REVIEW (1061) 37 The emphasis in the judg- When it came to the raw question of time, Paul sought to keep ment will be on this kind of in check the overly enthusiastic, some of whom had even ministry. The whole world claimed that the coming had already occurred. "That day will not will be divided into just two come," Paul said, "until . . . the man of lawlessness is revealed" groups. Those whom the King (2 Thess. 2:3, NIV). And Ellen G. White sought to calm things a My Dream . . . commends will have demon- bit when she observed that "the Lord intimates a delay before the strated in their lives the practi- morning finally dawns." 21 cal outworking of the So while the question as to why we're still here is a reason- character (or spirit) of Christ. able one in view of our history, it will weigh us down—spiritu- Says the King to them: "I was ally and emotionally—if we do not at some point break free of hungry and you gave me that history and see the crass presumptuousness of it. This is something to eat, I was thirsty what Jesus tried to get across to His disciples when on the eve of and you gave me something to the Ascension He told them plainly: "It is not for you to know drink, I was a stranger and you the times or dates the Father has set by his own authority" (Acts invited me in, I needed clothes 1:6, 7, NW). and you clothed me, I was sick It's not really your business, Jesus was gently saying to them. and you looked after me, I was And there is a sense in which the same is true for us.' in prison and you came to visit As Seventh-day Adventists we need to recapture the concept of My dream for the me" (Matt. 25:35, 36). the sovereignty of God. We need ever to keep in mind that from church is to see every This is the kind of ministry God's standpoint there is really no delay, and we shouldn't get congregation a vibrant that will commend the gospel uptight about it. "Like the stars in the vast circuit of their appointed congregation. to rich and poor, and speed its path, God's purposes know no haste and no delay." In heaven's Small groups in my message across racial, cultural, council, said Ellen White, speaking about the First Advent, "the church are working to and national barriers. The com- hour for the coming of Christ had been determined. When the great accomplish the three plete opposite of navel gazing, clock of time pointed to that hour, Jesus was born in Bethlehem." 23 essentials of a local it will arrest the attention of a And thus it will be with the Second Advent. "The apparent church's ministry to its cynical generation. That's what tarrying is not so in reality, for at the appointed time our Lord community: nurturing Mrs. White is talking about in will come."' members, reclaiming her "character of Christ" state- So why are we still here? Ultimately, only God knows. And missing members, and ment.2° only God needs to know! reaching out to those ' By its very nature, this topic will call for heavy use of the Ellen White writings. around them. From Another Perspective Early Writings, p. 58. My dream is that small But let's return to the basic ' Ibid., p. 67. ° Testimonies, vol. 1, pp. 131, 132. groups in every church question as to why we're still For a convenient summary and assessment of similar statements, see Ralph Neall, will continue to develop here. We have conceded that How Long, 0 Lord? (Hagerstown, Md.: Review and Herald Pub. Assn., 1988), pp. 47- 50. and spread the Holy in the narrow sense it is a rea- 6 Testimonies, vol. 8, p. 116. Spirit's influence through- sonable and valid query. But ' Ibid., vol. 1, pp. 260, 261. ° Evangelism, p. 696. out the church, the is it so in the wider context? ° Christian Service, p. 37. nation, and the world. This opens up the issue as Christ's Object Lessons, p. 303. " Testimonies, vol. 6, p. 450. one that confronts the whole 12 Ibid., vol. 9, p. 29. Benjamin F Bandy II, 52, Christian church and not just '' , p. 633. Testimonies, vol. 2, p. 194; cf. Evangelism, p. 694. is married and has three Seventh-day Adventists. For ' 2 Messages to Young People, p. 40. grown children. He is an clearly the New Testament 18 Evangelism, p. 697. " Christ's Object Lessons, p. 69. internal auditor for the writers spoke about the Advent 8 Ibid., p. 68. Inspector General's with an urgency equal to that of Testimonies, vol. 9, pp. 189, 190. (Italics supplied.) " For a detailed study on the statement, see Roy Adams, "What Did She Mean?" Office, United States Mrs. White. If anything, they Adventist Review, Sept. 3, 1992, p. 4. Department of Defense. were, in a manner of speaking, Testimonies, vol. 2, p. 192. " I was delighted to see this emphasis in Arnold Wallenkampf s new book The He attends the Emmanuel further from the mark than Apparent Delay (Hagerstown, Md.: Review and Herald Pub. Assn., 1994), pp. 49-54. Adventist Church in she—for they wrote earlier. The Desire of Ages, p. 32. Manuscript Releases, vol. 10, p. 270. Brinklow, Maryland. But whether in the case of Paul, or Peter, or Ellen White, the emphasis on the nearness of the Advent was always given for a practical purpose, for the sake of the way we live and witness in the world—never for Roy Adams is an associate editor of the the sake of time as such. Adventist Review. 38 (1062) ADVENTIST REVIEW What the Bible Says rci0 About the End-Time NS _S uring Adventist history there 1.301 have been many attempts to set Da date for the Second Coming. What does Scripture say about the end? Dr. traces the development of end-time thinking through Scripture, sharpening our view of last-day events and focusing on Jesus, who alone adds meaning to the end of time. Hardcover, 160 pages. US$14.95, Cdn$21.65.

The Apparent Delay Arnold Wallenkampf t's been 150 years since the Great IDisappointment. Why hasn't our Saviour returned? Is there something we can do to hasten His return? Or are we thwarting His plan? Arnold V. Wallenkampf looks at what Scripture and Ellen White's writings have to say about the timing of the Second ole Do We Play Advent. Paper, in the Timing of Jesus' Return? 128 pages. US$8.95, Cdn$12.95. Herald of he blessed hope

MARKING 150 YEARS OF ADVENT HOPE 1844 and the Rise of Sabbatarian Adventism roductions of original :ocuments providing insights into the rise and significance of • • and Sabbatarian Adventism. Includes William Miller: Herald Promises for letters and articles of the Blessed Hope the Last Days olTigikor by such notables as ompiled from Ellen his collection of William Miller, White's writings, this comforting promises , Hiram Cstory traces William Tfor these special times Edson, Joshua V. Miller's contribution to the of need was drawn from Himes, Joseph Bates, early Advent movement and more than 40 different Ellen SADIATARIMI ADVENTISM and James and Ellen depicts his followers' sub- White sources. Compiled White. Compiled and sequent discovery of what by J. R. and Phyllis Bailey. Reproductions of original historical documents edited by George R. really happened on October Hardcover, 160 pages. Compiled and edited by George R. Knight Knight. Paper, 208 22, 1844. Paper, 96 pages. US$11.95, Cdn$17.30. pages. US$14.95, US$7.95, Cdn$11.50. Cdn$21.65.

These Review and Herald books are available at your ABC. Call 1-800-765-6955. Note: Canadian prices do not include GST and may change according to currency fluctuation. e first 150 years of bership was approximately 8 million in a Adventist mission is world population of slightly more than 5.6 mazing. We have billion? At least two interpretations can be Tagrown from a small made of these figures and how we are doing band of reformers to the most in relationship to world evangelization. widespread Protestant body in The pessimist who reads numerically says we are falling fur- the world. Now is an appropri- ther and further behind. The number of people in the world is ate time to look back and increasing more each year than the number we are winning in thank God for what He has our evangelism. done, ask where we presently The optimist reads proportions and rates. In 1950 there was stand, and—most crucially— one SDA for about every 3,300 people in the world. In 1975 the question what God is calling figure was one per 1,480, while in 1994 it is one per 700. As you us to do as we enter the can see, the figures have improved markedly. twenty-first century. The world population annual growth rate is a little more than 1.7 Joshua told Israel that "all percent, while the current Adventist annual growth rate worldwide the land of the nations that is about 6.2 percent. If that same rate continues, we will double in remain"' had been allotted for membership in nearly 12 years. That growth their inheritance. God would rate is fractionally higher than the rate for all fulfill His promise and give it evangelical Christians, but below the more than to them. We have not been 9 percent growth rate of Pentecostals. commissioned to take literal Other considerations aside, we can hardly land, but to call the world's be called a fringe sect when Adventists are the peoples to belief in Jesus and largest Protestant group in Belize, Bolivia, His second coming. What is Bosnia and Herzegovina, Colombia, the the "land that remains" for us, Dominican Republic, French Guiana, Guam, and how would God lead us to Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Peru, the possess it? Philippines, and Venezuela. I want to examine our progress in five different Progress in Countries Entered areas—number of members, When the first SDA Yearbook came out in 1883, it listed 32 countries entered, mission denominational entities. Only five were outside of the U.S., and strategy, mission sending all of these were in Europe. By 1914 the yearbook listed 108 agencies, and doctrinal influ- countries in which the church carried ences. In view of this progress, on evangelistic work, and by 1946 the I will suggest the directions we number had reached 226.

REVIEW AND HERALD must move in as we take the Early Adventists took the words of "land that remains." Matthew 24:14 seriously. The end of the world and the second coming of Progress in Members Jesus were closely tied to the spread At the be- of the message to the whole world. ginning of Reaching all the countries of the world was important. 1994 Ad- Counting countries was helpful in earlier times, but today does ventist not generally give a clear picture of Adventist missionary progress world mem- and the needs of the world. Although the geopolitical makeup of

40 (1064) ADVENTIST REVIEW

Conquering spiritual Canaan BY JON L. DYBDAHL the world and the total count of countries has lation segments of 1 million, a new definition of target should be changed, it still is instructive that the number added. That target is people groups—identifiable ethnic, linguistic, of countries in which the SDA Church exists or social groups. This approach recognizes that one country may in 1994, according to the SDA Yearbook, is have numerous ethnic groups and that an ethnic group may live in actually fewer (204) than the number given in several different countries. the yearbook for 1946 (226). This emphasis on people groups better fits the "every nation, and Between 1976 and 1994 the number of kindred, and tongue, and people" of Revelation 14:6. While figures countries entered grew from 193 to 204, while vary, one major Protestant mission organization lists 11,000 people the number of countries in existence increased groups in the world who have not heard the Christian message. from 221 to 233. To address the problem of ever-changing defin- The new emphasis on 1 million population segments and people able countries and to get a more focused picture of our task, the groups gives a much clearer target and a more finely church is defining the world in a new way. tuned strategy to mission work. Clearly seeing our task helps us see the needs and respond. We can rejoice that Progress in Mission Strategy this step is being made. In the earliest days the church felt that it need not work out- side of North America because representatives of the whole Progress in Mission Sending Agencies world had come to America.' The whole world could be reached In the earliest days of Adventist mission, many peo- in the United States. Besides, for a ple did mission work without organizational support. church of a few thousand members, They had a burden to share our message in new areas, :-=,) reaching the North American conti- and they did. But soon most Adventist missionaries nent was a big enough task. were sent directly by the church organization. Certainly this was As time passed, our vision grew. In the case by the early 1900s and remained the situation for years. 1874 the church sent its first official When I was sent to Thailand in 1968, I knew of no other way

ADRA missionary, J. N. Andrews, to to go but with a General Conference Secre- Switzerland. In those early days of tariat call. That situation is rapidly changing in Adventist cross-cultural mission outside the U.S., strategy concen- North America and likely will soon change in trated on reaching large world areas that were already Christian.' other areas of the world as well. As the church grew and spread, this emphasis on continents or When the Institute of World Mission planned large areas gradually developed into an emphasis on countries. our first young adult mission conference at In 1986 Neal Wilson, then president of the General Andrews in 1991, all Adventist organizations Conference, sought and received permission to develop a global I that sent missionaries were invited. We wanted mission strategy. One result was the publication of the Global a them to recruit conference attendees for mis- Mission Datebook in 1991. sion service. We knew of a few "sending orga- This book presents a new strategy. It lists, by world division, nizations," but the more we looked, the more we found. By the population segments of 1 million people, giving data on each. time the conference took place we had a list of about 30 different The result is a listing of 5,234 world population segments of 1 Adventist groups that help people serve as missionaries. We were million, with data on the church's presence or lack thereof in so impressed that we put out a resource booklet listing information each. Before 1990, 2,946 of those segments had been entered, on these various entities.' leaving 2,288 without an Adventist presence. These population Three types of organizations exist. segments are specially targeted for mission. ifs First are denominationally financed Periodic updates showing progress are sent to entities. Many of these groups—such the appropriate church leaders. as ADRA, International Teachers' Some students of mission have been sug- Service, and English language gesting that alongside the emphasis on popu- schools—operate somewhat indepen-

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(817) 561-1600 1-800-447-9740 Willow Creek Chaplain, Mike Tucker FAX 817-561-3318 dently of each other, with little contact except Adventists. How do we view people who to have all missionary names approved by share some of our convictions but not our committee action. denominational affiliation? Is our mission Second, there are denominationally spon- accomplished when people believe like we sored organizations. An example of this type do, or only when they formally join our is the New York Van Ministries. denomination? Third are the supporting ministries. The doctrine that has probably spread the furthest is the most Although financially independent, many of basic of all Adventist beliefs—the literal, imminent second these groups cooperate fully with the church. coming of Jesus. While the majority of Christians at the time of If mission to the unreached is their main goal, they are usually William Miller believed the Second Coming would take place truly supportive; those whose chief concern is theological reform after 1,000 years of peace, most evangelicals now believe in an are often difficult. Theological groups are not the same as mis- imminent, premillemiial return of Christ. sion groups. Some details differ, but many of these people could be called Two well-known independent mission entities are Maranatha "Adventist" on this basic point. In essence, much of Volunteers International, which sponsors short-term mission trips Christendom has come over to our side. that are usually building projects, and Adventist Frontier Missions, Something similar, although to a lesser degree, has happened in whose aim is to send missionaries to unreached people groups. two other areas—spiritual gifts and the state of people in death. Rather than seeing this proliferation of mis- In the early days of the movement our teaching on the sion groups as a threat, we should see them as prophetic gift of Ellen White was called the "continuity of evidence of life. Any church that has people spiritual gifts." We believed that the gifts of the Holy Spirit committed enough to support new mission promised to the church continued to the present day. Most endeavors should count itself blessed. other Christians believed they ceased in the apostolic age. Three other developments are closely Under the impact of the charismatic movement, a siz- connected. ADRA able minority—if not a majority—of Christians now First, not only are new mission agencies being born, but new believe in the continuity of spiritual gifts. We may not agree with ways of sending as well. While the numbers of long-term mis- all that the charismatic movement stands for, but we were charis- sionaries have decreased, short-termers have increased tremen- matic in basic theology before they were. dously. Many people have taken a mission trip to Latin America Many Christians, especially the more theologically informed, or the former Soviet Union, or have served a year as a volunteer. have also come to believe like Adventists about the condition of Such growth in special project missions, student missionaries, humans in death. There is wide acknowledgement of the Greek and volunteers is to be welcomed, but we still need longer-term origin of the belief in the natural immortality of the missionaries as the backbone of our efforts. soul and that the Bible emphasizes the resurrection. Another development is the beginning of a tentmaker mission Also interesting is that more and more Sunday program. Tentmakers are like Paul—employed and receiving churches in America are starting Saturday services. This their money from outside the church, but using free time and includes an evangelical church with one of the largest other resources in the cause of mission. Such workers can often weekend attendances in the country. While this is 9 enter areas regular missionaries are forbidden to go. mainly a matter of convenience, it does indicate that Last but not least, many places that many Christians are less convicted of Sunday sacredness recently were only receiving missionaries are and more open to worship on other days of the week. U z now becoming missionary senders. We Although it is hard to quote statistics on this issue, should pray that others will follow the vision several major Adventist belief convictions have or are in the pro- of the 1,000 missionary movement, recently cess of winning on the doctrinal battlefield. How do we rate and begun in the Far Eastern Division, which evaluate our success? Is this part of our mission? sends Asian missionaries to unreached parts of Asia. How Much Land to Conquer? In the light of all this, what are the directions we should take? Progress in Doctrine What should we be doing now as we move into mission for the Seventh-day Adventists did not start as a denominational twenty-first century? Here are some suggestions: organization. In fact, we hesitated to organize, as we didn't want • Evaluate local and regional areas as to Adventist presence, to become like other denominations, which had mistreated us for rate of growth, proportion of members to population, and general our Adventist beliefs. We started as a loose organization tied health of mission. While overall the church growth rate is good, together by our conviction about basic doctrine. Our main focus some areas are stagnant and need special help. Good stewardship had to do with Bible doctrines, not administration. To share < demands we look carefully at how we are Adventist convictions was to be an Adventist. doing. A very challenging phenomenon is taking place in our world. • Accept and act on the strategy of Global More and more Christians are coming to have basic beliefs simi- Mission to reach people groups and 1 million lar to ours, but most do not consider themselves Seventh-day population segments. We must educate peo-

ADVENTIST REVIEW (1067) 43

ple and then inspire them to 0 Are we trying to win people to our convictions or to our act with renewed vigor to organization, or both? How do we relate to those who believe reach the 40 percent of the like us but are not affiliated with us? world that can be reached for ■ Fasten the church's mission on Christ only by cross-cultural prayer and spiritual commitment. All missionaries. Unreached the money and strategy in the world groups and cities need special cannot replace the power of prayer, attention. the Word, and the Holy Spirit.

■ Welcome and integrate BUCK CAMPBELL FPG INTERNATIONAL Mission must be founded on a spiri- new mission organizations and tual basis. In particular, we must facilitate a widespread move- methodologies so the vigor of ment of prayer for mission. special initiative can be com- bined with coordinated strat- On the Brink egy and training. We must be The church stands where Joshua stood. We are on the brink of open to honest people with a the heavenly Canaan, but some parts of God's territory need to be mission, yet encourage cooper- claimed for Him. Some land remains. Will ation wherever possible. we move on? ■ Adapt administrative, We must not wallow in pessimism and fmancial, and procedural struc- defeatism at the magnitude of the task. The tures to facilitate the new mis- Lord of the universe is the Lord of mission, sion strategies and realities. and He will make good on His promises. D

New situations and challenges On the other hand, we must avoid a shallow HERAL

demand new policies and ways triumphalism. The devil and his powers of evil AND of doing things. May God give are still loose and active. Much hard spiritual REVIEW us the grace to truly be a mis- and mission work remains. This challenge sion-driven organization. demands our best and is our top priority. ■ Involve the whole church In the end, by God's power, all the land that remains can be in mission. We must find ways won for the kingdom. for young and old to be enthusi- ' Joshua 23:4, NIV. astically involved in mission. SDA Yearbook, 1994. Missionary receiving areas must Gottfried Oosterwal, Mission Possible, pp. 24, 25. ° The SDA Yearbook for 1994 states that the first non-Christian country was entered begin to view themselves as in 1894-20 years after the first missionary. missionary sending churches, or 5 For a copy of this booklet, write to the Institute of World Mission, Sutherland House, Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan 39104; or call 616-471-2522. the task can never be com- Enclose $1 for postage and handling. pleted. Those who cannot go must learn to pray and give. ■ Search for meaningful answers to the theological and ethical issues raised in connec- tion with our mission. Some of these key issues are: How do the desperate physical needs of the world that demand relief and devel- opment relate to evangelism? As ADRA grows worldwide and we face a crisis like AIDS, how should we as Adventists use our resources and view our mission? We initially built our theol- ogy to define ourselves in a Christian world. How do we explain ourselves meaning- fully in an increasingly secu- Jon L. Dybdahl is director of the lar Muslim, Buddhist, and Institute of World Mission at Andrews Hindu world? University, Berrien Springs, Michigan.

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iving in the midst of this secular age of strained and must fall before Him with broken relationships, drifting morals, rampant self- repentant hearts and welcome indulgence, and individualism, and knowing that the Spirit-generated craving for LChrist is winding up this world's affairs soon, we Him to take control of our lives. might ask, How then should we live? To guide us. To transform us. The disciples knew how—they dropped everything and fol- To make us completely new lowed Jesus, some even to martyrdom. creatures (2 Cor. 5:17). The early Christians knew how—in the midst of harassment Our first work, then, must We must begin at the and persecution, they willingly shared their earthly goods with be to fall daily before God— fellow Christians and gathered daily to pray, sing, and read the acknowledging His lordship Scriptures, all to strengthen their newfound faith in Jesus. and committing our lives to cross, the heartbeat And Adventist pioneers knew how to live—they dedicated Him. Next comes time with their lives and possessions to proclaim the most wonderful news, His Word, His practical guide- that Jesus was coming back soon! book for living happy, of Christianity. But do we? Do we know how to live, knowing that Christ's healthy, holy lives—through coming seems right at the door and that millions, rather, billions, of the power of the Holy Spirit. persons are perishing for lack of hearing the everlasting gospel? Second, we must recognize The apostle Peter raises the same concern: "Since all these our privileges. After renewing things are thus to be dissolved, what sort of persons ought you to our relationship with Christ, He be in lives of holiness and godliness, waiting for and hastening offers to us one of the greatest the coming of the day of God, because of which the heavens will privileges ever known to be kindled and dissolved, and the elements will melt with fire!" humankind—becoming (2 Peter 3:11, 12, RSV). ambassadors and ministers for Indeed, what sort of persons ought we to be today? Today, Him. His spokespersons. His 150 years since our church pioneers thought Christ's coming nurturers. He entrusts to us the was imminent, even within hours. Today, knowing our move- most precious gift and respon- ment's prophetic beginning, our distinct God-given commission, sibility ever told—the fantastic and knowing without a doubt that Jesus will give eternal life to message of eternal salvation by all those who love and accept Him. faith in Christ (verses 18-21). How then should we live? No longer are we mere First, we must daily renew our relationship with Jesus. humans consigned to a mean- Adventist Christians must begin where all Christians begin—at ingless existence on earth. Now the cross, the heartbeat of Christianity. There we find Jesus— we're somebody! Ambassadors our sinless, crucified, risen Saviour and heavenly high priest, of God's heavenly kingdom! who is the core, the hope, of our lives! Nothing else really mat- Ministers to God's people! And ters. Nothing else holds such eternal significance. Nothing else we have a purpose—to tell gives such meaning to our lives than knowing that Jesus gave up everyone about Jesus, His aton- all heaven and died on the cross for us and now mediates His ing sacrifice, His second com- grace to us from heaven. ing, and His free gift of eternal At the center of our faith is Jesus. Not doctrines. Not rules. life, offered to anyone who will Not policies. Not works. accept His saving grace. Just Jesus. • What a life! What a mis- And that's enough! sion! Becoming an ambas- He's our friend, redeemer, Lord, intercessor, and coming king. sador and a minister impacts Each day we must peer into the minor of His beauty. When we everything we are and do— do, we cannot help seeing our sinfulness in all its wretchedness. our thinking, our lifestyle, our We are constrained to acknowledge Him as our Saviour. Then we relationships, our worship, BY MYRON WIDMER

ADVENTIST REVIEW (1069) 45

and our use of resources. ❑ Undisciplined parents who put earning money and enjoy- Admittedly, it is sometimes ing personal leisure ahead of their children's needs. a struggle to keep our mission ❑ Children saddled with incredible cares or running wild front and center. The fast pace without loving constraint. of life constantly seeks to con- ❑ Confused homes where lines of authority are blurred. trol our agenda, to divert our ❑ Homes in turmoil because of stressed or broken marriages. attention and energies away ❑ Parents who abdicate their God-given responsibilities and from our heavenly calling. expect the government or the church to fulfill their role in teach- But God gives us strength ing their children spirituality, values, and good work habits. when we ask. All of heaven's I believe God is asking us to put our families first in our min- resources are at our disposal, istry for Him. Strong Christians will make strong families, and just for our asking. strong families will make strong Christians. More than the fear And so, with our relation- of being held accountable to God for our children and families, ship with God refreshed, our what would it be like to spend eternity without them? calling as ambassadors and Fourth, we must build up our relationships with others. ministers reaffirmed, we can The gospel is best accepted by being shared from person to per- now put our lives, our mis- son, so we must commit ourselves to building relationships with sion, and everything that others—be they our neighbors, fellow church members, cowork- clamors for our attention into ers, or business acquaintances. proper perspective. Impersonal approaches just don't do it. They may awaken an Third, we must strengthen interest, but the gospel needs the human touch. our family relationships. Our Our desire to live godly lives should include the commitment work as ambassadors and to awakening and refreshing another's spiritual life. And in the gospel ministers must begin at process, our own will flourish and be strengthened. home and be lived at home. We Fifth, we must commit our resources to God. Words with- can be Christian fakes in public, out actions will prove we're just a lot of hot air. Do we say we'll but not at home. Many have commit ourselves to God, but refuse to give our resources? We said it well: "If we work to win can fool ourselves, our neighbors, or even our families, but not the whole world for Christ but God. He sees right through us. have ignored our families in the And the way we spend our resources—our time, energies, mind, process, we have missed the influence, money—is a good indicator of what we have committed most important part." ourselves to. When we spend more time watching TV or going to Our families must come sporting events than working in some way as ambassadors and min- first. Whether a spouse or chil- isters for God's kingdom, we're saying a lot about our priorities. dren or parents or extended Everything seems to be clamoring for our attention these days— families, our family members work, family, friends, and even our church. Each one could occupy must be the first recipients of our entire time, energies, and money and still not be satisfied. our love and soul-winning But we must remember our Christian priorities and consider efforts. We must talk openly of the word "balance." No one is asking us to spend all day praying Jesus and how much He or giving Bible studies or helping the poor. Not even God. But if means to us. We must find cre- we believe that Jesus Christ can make a positive difference in ative ways of passing on our someone's life now and for eternity, then we must make sure that faith to our loved ones—par- we prioritize the demands placed upon our resources and ensure ticularly our young people. that we are not neglecting our distinct calling in these last days. In addition, we must stand How then should we live? solidly in defense of the insti- With our eyes on Jesus—who alone gives meaning to our tution of marriage—both in lives and empowers us by His Spirit to become His sons and our commitment to the sanc- daughters, ambassadors and ministers. tity of the husband-wife rela- tionship and to the creation of homes where Christ is present. We must work hard to make our family units into nurturing havens—havens where we can create strong families in the Myron Widmer is an associate editor of the midst of societies now reaping Adventist Review, a husband, and father of the ill benefits of: three children.

46 (1070) ADVENTIST REVIEW F LETCHER PARK INN Gracious Southern Retirement Living

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Fletcher Academy ghat wad. then... In 1909 A. W. Spaulding was traveling in the mountains near Fletcher, North Carolina. While there, •

he discovered what he thought was the perfect place to • start a school and advance the work of the Seventh-day Adventist church in the South. He wrote to his friend Ellen G. White, who in turn wrote to Martha Rumbough in Asheville suggesting that she buy the land t.-.1 /lc tcher Academy is still a four-year boarding school •ring the finest of Seventh-day Adventist educations. for the school. Sidney Brownsburger was chosen as the ,ft first president of the new school. NI :6 teacher student rittio— The student will receive all the Our strong Adventist heritage is also reflected r - - .. ticational help they'need. , those who attended the first board meeting of the vvaned Placement classes — Offers students a chance Naples Agricultural and Normal School: Sidney , get a head start on college. Brownsburger, P. T. Magann, A. W. Spaulding and elp pay for school and get job experi- A. Southerland. The school was started with the i., that students needed practical skills training alon J ty of job opportunities on campus. the classics. Students were also to be missionaries orld-class music — Choose from Band, Steel Band, surrounding community. Choir, or music lessons of all types. t/ Christ-centered curriculum — Ever wonder how God and math could go together? For more information call (704168 - 00 and ask for I/ Still a missionary-minded school — During Mission week Janet Novak or Jon Smith or write: everyone can be a missionary. Fletcher Academy, P.O. Box 5440, Fletcher, NC 28732 1/ We're a small school — The sense of family is strong. 48 (1072) OTO SPRING INSET ILLUSTRATION BY BILLFI RESTONE/ PH BY JOELD. ER ADVENTIST REVIEW M logical andecclesiasticalquestionsaboutthemissionnatureof God ischangingHischurch. our church.Theirquestionsandconcernsariseoutoftheirhigh self-sufficient environment. expectation forthechurch'switnessinanincreasinglysecularand and acting,movecreativelyboldlyintothefuture.Wecannot tinue tochangeHischurch,despiteourdryperiodsoffaith,fear and historyarechangingus.GodHimself,Ibelieve,iswillcon- of thefuture,andourfearchange. remain asweare.Wehaveneverdoneso,andwill.Time decide tochangeandthusparticipateinshapingthechurchof we remindourselvesthatthechurch'sfutureisinGod'shands.He future, orelsethechurchwilltakeshapewithoutourinsightand will always Success Fails goodwill. shaped byitstheologicalunderstandingofitselfthanmodelsdrawn from corporateAmerica.Thistheologicalself-understandingisfunda- of itsnatureandfunctionintheworld.Wemustbeclearabout our mental toanyvisionofthechurch. success. doing wellinsomanyways.Butweneedtoremindourselves that there isusuallyaprice,indeedattimesveryhightopay for mission. Ourpresentimageofourselvesisonesuccess.We are called toandjudgedbyitsfaithfulness—faithfulnessnotonly to the futurewithoutfallingvictimtoitsownsuccess.Thechurch is doctrine buttothegospelanditscommission. church ofthefuturewillhaveto becomepreoccupiedwithfaithful- well thechurchisdoing.When judging itsprogressintheworld, ness, notsuccess. because successisthethemeof allthatwedo.Wechoosecareers one becauseour relationshipkeepsimproving. And thenwechoose with whichweare skillful.Wegrowclosertoand thenmarrysome- We mustresisttheinclinationtoholdonoldpatternsofthinking We cansayhellotothefuturewithconfidenceandassuranceas To begin,Ibelievethatthechurchmustbemoreconsciously The church'sperceptionofitselfwilldetermineitsunderstanding If thechurchisinsteadshapedbyitstheology,itwillmoveinto Nowhere intheBibleissuccess acriterionfordetermininghow I knowthiswillbedifficultif notimpossibletoaccomplish, do whatisbestforus.WewhoareHisagentscaneither cal terms,willthechurchoffuturebelike?"These any concernedAdventistsareasking,"What,inpracti- sincere leadersandlaityinourworldwideAdventist community arenottryingtoescapethepressingtheo- a prosperingschoolforourchildrensotheycanrepeatthissearch success, whileitfocusesonfaithfulness. for success. Start LearningYourGreek ogy, inshapingthechurchoffuture,willhavetostrainitsneck think big,wide,andfarintermsoftimespace.Adventisttheol- to seebeyondthehorizonsofourtraditionalstructures, success ofcorporatemodels,beyondthecomfortsourready-made methodologies oftheologizing. begin thinkingandparticipatinglikethetheologians.Ourentire church needstobecomeaseminary.Adventisttheologywillthenbe an engagingandpracticalenterpriseasitrubsshoulderswithhuman beings whosecondition,outlook,concerns,andworldviewsarenot only thosewithwhichthechurchisfamiliar. right on.Afterall,theologically,weknowthatthefutureof church isnotsolelyuptous.ItGod'schurch. and willopenthechurchtoaimspurposesofGodforboth God's UglyWorld the church change. Itwillbelivinginaworldithasn'tfacednearlytwo mil- an incrediblyshrinkingtechnoplanet,thefutureAdventistChurch inance. will bealightinanagethatseetheendofChristianworld dom- lennia. Becauseofhumanself-sufficiency,religiouspluralism, and church tobeintheworld,butnotofworld.Thethat is coming tobecannotisolateorinsulateitselffromthesuffering, the tension, andtheconflictsinworld.Itmustopenitseyesto both world despitethepresenceofevil. the uglinessandbeauty, affirmthatthisisourFather's the world.CopyingHismodel ishowwebecomeeffectivesalt, meaning ofGodandHisinteraction withtheworld.Christ'sincar- nation istheclassicalexample of thechurch'sroleandfunctionin yeast, andlight. Ifthechurchoffuturecannot dothisinamuch more practical and compellingfashion,then itwillrunshortof I amnotagainstsuccess,butthefuturechurchwillletGoddefine As weenvisionthechurchthatiscomingtobe,letuslearn In orderforsuchasweepingshiftinperspective,we Many Adventistsmaynotseethisassafe,buttheologicallyitis Such atheologywillinevitablyinfluencenewformsofministry The churchofthefuturewillnotbelivinginjustanotherage of This callsforanewunderstandingofwhatitmeansthe Theology mustultimately and the world. share and notsimply BY WALTERDOUGLAS observe all (1073) 49 must the My Dream . . . My Dream . . .

I dream of a church that is My dream for the church begins alive—not just existing! with myself. When I can habitually In Joel 2:28 God promised an meditate on divine things, when outpouring of the Spirit that will God's will becomes mine, His be demonstrated by young and requirements the delight of my life; old, sons and daughters. We when my intellect, heart, and con- must have an environment con- science accept every ray of light ducive to the young "dreaming that shines from God's throne, dreams." then the dream has started to I see every member supporting become a reality. Adventist education as a means of accomplishing this I dream about women, men, teenagers, and children in goal. And every school and church committed to commu- every church who are overflowing with power from the nicating the gospel. Holy Spirit. I dream of a day that our presidents, our theologians, Patricia Halberg Phillips is assistant to the president for our educators, writers, ministers, and pastors become college relations at Pacific Union College, Angwin, one in spirit, one in doctrine, one in demonstrating their California. She and her husband have three sons. She has priority to spread the gospel news to every living person. been an elementary school teacher and youth Sabbath school leader. Myrtle Hicks is a retired nurse who lives in Fallon, Nevada. She has a grown daughter. She enjoys gardening, work- ing with the local Dorcas Society, and "thinking young."

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50 (1074) ADVENTIST REVIEW resources to praise and share Christ at all. 2010 there probably will be more than 10 million Seventh-day Adventists in Africa alone. Within our lifetime, the axis of Why Have Structure? Adventism will flip radically from Washington, D.C., Berrien Our church is in a period of transition. Old structures and patterns Springs, Loma Linda, and Sydney to Sao Paulo, Nairobi, Lusaka, of thinking are giving way to new forms of life and thought. Still, Manila, and Kingston. there is need for more change. This will have far-reaching implications on the future shape of the In the near future, the church will have to radically realign its church. Indeed, it will be the state of the future church. It will partic- structures to deal more effectively with its new realities of growth, ularly impact the leadership of the Adventist community. No longer size, economic resources—or lack of them—and cultural diversity. can it be assumed that the leadership will be White, male North Plus, it must adjust to the religious pluralism and shifting political Americans. ideologies in an increasingly shrinking world. We will have to constantly judge what structures must be You've Been Promoted removed and what new forms must be developed. This will not be In this new church, it will become more and more obvious that easy. Some will resist. Others will be reluctant to move into the only three levels of administration are practically needed—the future along with the times. But one thing is certain: We cannot General Conference, the division, and the local conference. More remain the same. responsibilities will be cared for by the local conference, and more One reason for our reluctance and resistance is that some of us see and more decisions for mission and evangelism will be made by the change more as a crisis than an opportunity. Others have so identi- local congregation. I predict a surge of interest in lay leadership and fied structure with policy and the official hierarchy of the church that lay theology such as we have never known. change is often viewed as unfaithfulness. The General Conference president will function more as a spiri- But structure exists only to serve theology and facilitate mission. tual leader and an interpreter of the mood and direction of the All structure must be judged by this searching question: Does it con- church—not as a CEO of a multinational corporation. He will be tribute to mission; does it reflect the theological self-understanding expected to have a growing grasp of the relationship between the of the church? church, the gospel, and the world. Self-reliance will be the language and method for the church. We Need Uncertainty Each division is immensely diverse in language, ethnicities, culture, In other words, the question that the church of the future must customs, political ideologies, forms of government, and economic answer is whether the present definition of the church as an organi- stability. Self-reliance will be the only effective way of dealing with zational structure is really getting to its essential nature. Perhaps a these challenges. No longer will the church of the north be able to more theological/missiological definition demands a model that provide the majority of resources for programs and projects in the embraces diversity and change. church of the south. This leads me to suggest a new and creative image for the This reality will inevitably impact the way the church conducts its church's structure. I see the church of the future functioning more business. General church councils will have to devote more time to like an organism than an organizational machine. The church will be defining or redefining the spiritual nature of the church. They will more open to change and more responsive to its environment, with- discuss how the church's theology and mission will respond to pres- out compromising its essential faithfulness to the proclamation of ent realities and future prospects, but not necessarily its pocketbook. the Gospel. Thus, the world church will not need to meet so often to design, Today far too many view the church's structures as machines. revise, and change policies and structures for the global church. Fall Machines are predictable, performing particular functions in and spring councils may disappear. Besides, the technology of infor- response to specific instructions. As long as the machine is in good mation delivery and processing has already swiftly removed many shape, it will perform its functions repeatedly in precisely the same of our disadvantages of distance and size. manner no matter who issues the instructions. An identical machine Of course, the leadership of the church will have to learn to cope may be procured with the same predictability. with and utilize the challenges and benefits of the communication Organisms are quite different from machines. To influence an revolution. Indeed, such challenges and benefits may seem to organism, you must look into its personality and take account of its threaten our self-confidence and reliance on traditional approaches circumstances. You accept that the results of your intervention—no for conducting the church's business. But rather than leading the matter how carefully premeditated—are going to have a measure of church to despair, it should drive us to develop the talents that God uncertainty, and you must be prepared to reassess, revise, and try has so bountifully bestowed upon us. again. We follow the mechanistic approach too often in today's struc- Lusaka Teaches Berrien Springs tures. No matter how desirable the objectives, church leaders must One challenge that technology can't fix for the church of the future never try to implement policies and create structures that will frus- is that of being a community. We need to develop within the church a trate the wishes of a part of the members. Good church structures new and more realistic sense of community. The sense that we are and policies stimulate members to produce and contribute to the one worldwide church will have to be taken with greater seriousness growth and development of the church. and reflected in our behavior. The north and the south will have to The organism paradigm for shaping the church of the future will treat each other in ways that could be very strenuous and painful, but better accommodate the reality of church expansion. For instance, by that will be absolutely vital.

ADVENTIST REVIEW (1075) 51 The church outside of North America, Europe, and Australia will My Dream . . . expect Adventists in these places to better theologize with them. They will say, "You are our brothers and sisters whose ancestors evangelized our ancestors, but now we ask you to develop a sense of partnership I was 30 when I saw my grand- and accept us as equals. We have studied in your institutions, we have mother for the last time. Small and theologized with you, and we have learned from you all that we know frail from chemotherapy, she knew about church leadership and administration. Now we are asking you to why our family had gathered at her learn from us all that we know about dealing with church growth and California home. about meeting the challenges of poverty, cultural diversity, and differ- One day she said she wanted to ent political ideologies. In short, we are asking you to theologize with talk to me alone. I thought my spiri- us about our concerns." tually starched grandmother was This advance undoubtedly will encourage and strengthen the about to take a last shot at pointing sense of community and unity, without which the church of the me in the right direction. In fact, she future will be vulnerable to dissidence. was, but not the way I expected. As the church of the south becomes more and more self-reliant, Facing death, she turned everything upside down, cut the sense of community will become more and more crucial. If away my moorings, and set me out to sea on a journey for Adventist Christians in North America, Australia, and Europe don't spiritual balance that continues to this day. dialogue the church of the south on its challenges, opportunity could Almost a lifelong Adventist, my grandmother was a change to a crisis. The call is to share the meaning of God in Christ, musician and schoolteacher. She understood the value of not just observe it. rules and the many good purposes they serve. She and Doctrinal beliefs and practices hold this church together as a com- my grandfather always guarded the edges of the munity, not structures and policies. Despite cultural preferences and Sabbath. She often bought secondhand clothing so she contextual appropriateness, the essential theology of the church will would have more money to send to the mission field. A remain the same everywhere. good steward, she was prepared to give an account for every dollar, every hour entrusted to her. Yet something The Future Shaper was missing. Conventional wisdom says the church is confronted by a world in "I spent my whole life doing what I thought God which science and technology will shape its future. That's because expected me to do," she said. "But no one ever told me they already are doing so. As a church we are barely conscious and God cared whether I was happy. All I had permission to do often uncertain of the issues and challenges that will confront us as was work. And that's about all I did. If I could look back on we prepare to move creatively into the future. But it is my settled some times of enjoying life without fear or guilt ... conviction that the future shape of the church is most dependent on "Life is short, Geri Ann. And it's over before you know it. the Holy Spirit—just as it was in 1844 through people like Hiram Find the things that make you happy and do them. You Edson and Ellen White. won't be sorry when you're old." If we cannot believe that the Holy Spirit is and will be at work in I don't think my grandmother regretted the major deci- the church, judging its actions and service, rejecting the old forms it sions she made. Perhaps she just needed to know she wants to keep, causing new forms to emerge where the old dies; if had value for who she was, and not only for what she had we cannot believe the church will remain faithful to its mission and to give. its message, then we cannot trust our dreams and visions as we try to Like most third-generation Adventists, much of my shape the church of the future. understanding of the church came through early family We have to accept in the most profound and fundamental sense experiences. Having seen the one person who for me that the future of the church is not up to us. As long as we lack the most fervently embodied church values confess that fol- insight and humility to recognize this, we will not get very far. If we lowing all those rules did not make her content has forced continue to behave as if the church's future depends on brainpower me to reassess what the church means to me. and economic resources, or on our hard work and global strategies, The church of my childhood demanded unquestioning we will not get anywhere. obedience. But the last thing my grandmother told me God brought this church into being. It is His body. Yet we are all was a message of grace. In pain and sickness she con- invited to participate in its work in the world. God has an eternal pur- cluded that the most important thing about God is love. pose in creating the church. Ultimately that purpose will be fulfilled. Maybe that should be the first thing the church talks about.

Geri Ann Fuller is an account executive for a printing firm in Rockville, Maryland. She also teaches writing and Walter Douglas is chair of the Church English classes at Columbia Union College in Takoma History Department at the Theological Park, Maryland. Seminary at Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan.

52 (1076) ADVENTIST REVIEW The church in the next millennium BY DICK DUERKSEN

y favorite professor used to say, "There's no I read the letter and chuckled at the problem he unconsciously such thing as a problem or difficulty for a described. He wanted everything to continue as it had been, Christian, just opportunities for God to show everyone unquestioningly giving tithe, paying the church bud- MHis power." get, and adding offerings for missions. Yet he also wanted Right now the life of the Seventh-day Adventist Church is everyone to give more money to the special projects. packed with challenges. In fact, we are living with so many It doesn't work that way. Traditional fund-raising must give tumultuous problems that we are often tempted to abandon this way to new approaches for funding the church and its mission. opportunity model and just wallow in our problems. This is truly an "opportunity for God to show His power." The list from North America could be frightening: Yes, we'll continue to pay tithe as the new millennium ■ Money for traditional church needs decreasing. (Per capita arrives, but much more of it will stay with the congregation, and tithe giving is dropping as our members increase.) there will be an entirely new menu of approaches for funding ■ Cultural diversity increasing. (We're not always sure we local churches and other Adventist activities. ADRA, Global want "them" worshiping or playing or studying with us.) Mission, and your alma mater will be joined in your mailbox ■ Interest in SDA doctrines decreasing. (Many of the young and on your telephone by dozens of other projects, organiza- feel these old doctrines are irrelevant.) tions, and ideas. Everyone will be after your shrinking dollars. ■ Church climate not always encouraging fellowship. Many Adventists will use this problem as an opportunity to (Many, of all ages, find only criticism and aloofness in our reorganize their financial priorities according to the leading of churches.) God. Each paycheck will bring a family council on where the ■ Standards slipping. ("They" don't look or behave like money is to go to advance the family's spiritual mission. Adventists.) Families will likely put tithe at the top of their list, prioritize ■ Traditional Adventists calling for reform. (Some believe local congregation issues second, and then give, as the Spirit the old ways are the only good ways.) leads, to the most convincing of the other appeals. ■ Cultural Adventism increasing. ("They're" Adventist only The result will be a great reduction in funds available for because their parents were Adventist and because they grew up administrators and institutions, and a great increase in funds for in an Adventist community.) projects seen as effective and life-changing. ■ Employment opportunities within the church decreased. (We all used to work for the church; now we work for Microsoft Soup or Salad? or McDonald's.) Diversity is possibly a greater challenge than money. We are ■ The remnant looking Laodicean. (Even the "good" people having a hard time deciding whether the Adventist Church is behave pretty "bad.") going to become a cultural salad or a well-boiled cultural soup. ■ Institutional reorganization demanded. (More money is We're not sure if we want to live on earth as one, or if we'd desired at the local congregation level.) rather operate as a loose group of diverse cultures until the first ■ Worship boring and irrelevant. (Too often true.) Sabbath on the sea of glass. And there are more. Opportunities all! Since each culture tends to see itself as just a bit better than any other, the idea of truly becoming one is almost anathema to Cash Flow Currents each group. It often seems that we'd rather be a salad, served in Recently I received a letter from a General Conference about 12 unique bowls. Maybe even on 12 separate tables! administrator who was praising God for sending so much money But this is an incredible opportunity for God to use Seventh- to the special projects of Global Mission. Then in a companion day Adventists as a worldwide demonstration of the oneness that paragraph he urged me to encourage members to be more faith- can come from being loved by Him. As the next millennium ful in giving tithe and Sabbath school mission offerings. arrives we will see key Adventist leaders stand tall and lead us

ADVENTIST REVIEW (1077) 53 Back toWhoseBasics? church backto the basics—aslongasthoseare God'sbasicsand just doingwhattheywouldliketodo.Ourgrowingchurch will to emphasizetoday. not ourowninterpretation ofwhatwethink Godwouldlikeus scribing whatthedecisionsshould be. emphasize makingwise,Christlike decisionsratherthanpre- members torespondinareasonedbiblicalmanner,rather than always theonlyorbestresponse. life invariedways.TheAmericanChristianof1920is not Different peoplefromdifferentcultureswilllivetheChristian requires rather thanassumedcorporatepolicy.Wewillacceptthat God Adventists of1920.Althoughtheywillstandoutfromtheworld that makethemstandoutas"odd." as peculiarlyChristlike,theywillnotdressorbehaveinways vance, andmuchmorewillbecomeareasofindividualdecision Standard Decisions actually describeusas"thefriendlychurchthatisheretohelp." gregations displayingthevirtuesofremnantratherthan spirit offellowship.Yettheverynatureterm errors ofLaodicea.Insomecommunitiesourneighborswill Reforestation nerable inhelpingliftothersoutofSatan'sselfishness. requires thateachfollowerofChristbefriendly,caring,andvul- desert intoarainforestofGod'slove. message doesnotdescribeachurchknownforitsother-centered the healingpowerofGod!Trueconversioncouldtransformthis pride, silence,andemptiness.Whatanincredibleopportunityfor inside theperfunctorylineofgreetersliesadesertcriticism, always beenthere,butwemustdiscussandexplainthemwith much greaterclaritythanwehaveinthepast. to healththeSecondComingandbeyond.Thosehandleshave and developthevaluehandlesforeverythingfromSabbath and "Whatwillthisdoforme?" seldom ask,"Isittrue?"Insteadtheywonder,relevant?" each doctrineinpracticalandlife-touchingways.Wemustfind meaningful ratherthanbiblicalandtrue.Informationagepeople tinue tobebiblicalandtrue,relevantmeaningful.Butwe will needtolearnhowfirstpresentthemasrelevantand The TruthIsn'tEnough place priorityonthevaluesofcultureandtribe. into anentirelynewworldofspiritualandculturalunity. Although manywillfollowthelead,otherscontinueto It ishealthytohaveprophetic voicesconstantlycallingthe All ofthisopensawonderfulopportunityforustoteach The standardsofdress,,music,Sabbathobser- The Adventistsof2020willnotlookorbehavelikethe The dawnofthenextmillenniumwillhavemanymorecon- I'm notsurewe'llbecometheCaringChurch.TheLaodicean To manyAdventists,churchesareunfriendlyplaces.Just The opportunityhereisforustodemonstratetherelevanceof The doctrinesoftheSeventh-thyAdventistChurchwillcon- uniformity ofcommitment, not uniformity ofresponse. ADVENTIST REVIEW remnant

STEVETRAPERO It is easy to select one specific time in the history of our themselves. The old ways kept church and stridently proclaim this as traditional Adventism. It is us isolated. The new way much more difficult to prayerfully analyze God's leading opens myriads of opportuni- throughout our history and then call us to continued growth as ties for us to be salty and followers of the God who is head over heels in love with us. bright in the world. Yes, true prophets point out sin. But much more, they point to "Isolation from the world is the Messiah. Even more, they challenge us to new and better not only a direct violation of ways of living as Christians so that His attractiveness is obvious God's will, it is dangerous for to even the most secular of our friends. our spiritual welfare. . . . When we isolate ourselves Cultural Adventism from the sinful world, we are Sometimes I wonder if we are raising people to live in actually succumbing to the Adventist communities, or if we are raising people to live for selfish, self-preserving ways God as energized Adventists. Too many of my friends can easily of the world. By hiding, we say, "Yes, I'll always be an Adventist, but I sure don't believe become self-absorbed and all that stuff anymore." empty, the opposite of what They were raised as Adventists, so they are most comfortable God wants for us. He has in an Adventist environment. They met their best friends in an called His children to let His academy. Their first degree was from an Adventist college. Even light shine through them into most of their recreation companions are Adventists. They're the darkest places of sin."' comfortable as Adventists. But the doctrines and standards and worship are no longer relevant or meaningful for them. Sinners In the Remnant Maybe cultural Adventism is just another definition for It's true! and OK! The rem- Laodicea. Both describe people who are blind to their situation nant church is the best place and are really quite comfortable in it. on earth for sinners. They'll be I believe the church will accept this opportunity and declare safe here. Safe in an environ- Are we raising war on Laodicea. Our greatest weapons will be the passionate ment where we all know patience of Christ and the good news of His salvation. we're sinners hopelessly in The issue in each battle will be whether allowing Christ to take love with Jesus. Safe where people to live in over is worth the trouble, whether the presence of Christ makes we pick one another up, hold any real difference in life. We'll discover that the best time for bat- one another up, and then lift tle is when friends are being crushed under trials, troubles, sick- one another up into the full- Adventist ness, death, bankruptcy, bad grades, and the zillion other boulders ness of God's forgiveness. Satan forces down upon us. The gold, eyesalve, and new clothes of Safe to grow into God's like- Christ take on a miraculous new appeal when comfort is gone. ness. The Laodicean remnant communities, or Our task is to be there, ready to be Christ for our friends. must become this "place of personal pickup." The Church Goes to Work I am so glad that God as energized In the 1950s more than 80 percent of Adventist college gradu- doesn't give us His saving ates were employed by the church. That number is now less than grace and then walk away say- 20 percent, and the entire culture of Adventism has changed. ing, "OK. You're on your own. Christians? We no longer gather at the "san" for Friday evening vespers. Have a great life!" Instead He We no longer work, play, live, and raise children together. stays right beside us and walks Often we see one another only on Sabbath mornings and once a us through the trauma of repen- year at camp meeting. Church has become an appendage rather tance, confession, forgiveness, than the heart of life. If the trend continues, many of us won't and the exhilaration of sanctifi- even bother to come to the worship services anymore. cation. We hear and feel His This truth provides an awesome opportunity for us to design presence in the voices and new ways of meeting, fellowshipping, serving, and growing touches of our friends. together. Possibilities include more home churches, more small groups targeted for people with similar needs, a new community Reengineering Church service focus, a reemphasis on whole-life stewardship, numer- The local congregation ous one-day camp meetings, and dozens of other activities that must become the central focus build community and purpose into the life of a church family. and driving force of the This opportunity is packed with blessings, especially as we Seventh-day Adventist help members discover how to serve and survive in a world Church in the coming millen- filled with people who believe and live very differently from nium. Today we have a corn-

ADVENTIST REVIEW (1079) 55 plex organizational structure that often serves institutions and vice. Hundreds of volunteers multinational organizations better than it serves congregations. will counsel unwed mothers in Another wonderful opportunity for God to use His power and adoption clinics, and hundreds show us a better way to deliver His gospel in 2000 and beyond! more will fly to disasters to I've seen many projections of the church's structure in 2020, counsel, heal, feed, and love. most of which have been drawn by people who have agendas of Adventists will use the hours their own. Personally, I have no idea what new organizational of Sabbath to care for home- design to propose. But I do have three guiding suggestions for less, hurting, and hopeless the reengineering committees: people around the world. ■ Everything we do must lift up Jesus. Whenever the needs of ■ All levels of organization must operate with the under- individuals are being violated standing that they exist only to serve members, not institutions. or abused, the church and its ■ Every ruble, dollar, pound, and dinar should be budgeted members will be on the front and spent as if it had been given as part of the widow's last two line. This selfless service will mites. bring a new vitality to every aspect of church! Waking Up Worship Ellen White said it well: "All "The prevailing monotony of the religious round of service in who would bring forth fruit as our churches needs to be disturbed. The leaven of activity needs workers together with Christ to be introduced, that our church members may work along new must first fall into the ground lines, and devise new methods. The Holy Spirit's power will and die. The life must be cast move upon hearts when this dead, lifeless monotony is broken into the furrow of the world's up, and many will begin to work in earnest who never before need. . . . To give is to live. The thought of being anything but idle spectators."2 life that will be preserved is the Some like it formal, with lots of Bach. Some like it free, with life that is freely given in ser- hands in the air. vice to God and man."' Some prefer pews. Others prefer couches or futons, or logs in Christ is coming soon, and I the woods. Some must have stained glass. Others prefer banners hope to be in heaven before or just beige paint. But most assume worship is something being the year 2000. But if He done for them. Not true! Worship is a gift we bring to God. Its allows me to turn over the cal- purpose is to focus us on His greatness rather than on ourselves endar page, it's fine with me. or our needs. I'll be in my mid-50s that The result of worship will be healing and power for trans- year and immersed in the most formed lives. It will bring us into closer relationships with Jesus exciting church life God can and other worshipers, and then challenge us to purposeful ser- design. A life that puts Jesus vice in the world. first, others second, and Many Adventists find nothing like this in their churches—any myself right in the middle Sabbath. What an opportunity for growth! where life happens. I plan to be living as His ambassador, Activist Adventists telling His story for Him, One other area gives me hope as I look beyond 1994. The allowing Him to make His early Seventh-day Adventist Church was in the center of most appeal through me, a Seventh- significant social issues. The evil of slavery, the use of alcohol day Adventist. and tobacco, the importance of cleanliness and health, the train- And my church? It will still ing of quality physicians, and the need for hospitals. All had be packed with Laodiceans. Adventist voices speaking eloquently and following through But God will also be there. with actions. Urging His gold, eyesalve, Unfortunately, that's not quite true anymore. There are few and salvation upon each of us. Adventist voices speaking out on abortion, spousal abuse, per- And celebrating as His rem- Dick Duerksen is sonal rights, religious liberty, health issues, or even vegetarian- nant grows. vice president of ism. Too often we've sent in our dollars and then hoped ADRA Creative Min- would speak for us. ' William Carr Peel, Living in the istries, and Lion's Den (Colorado Springs: NavPress, I believe the next generation of Adventists will change this. 1994). Communication We have an army of members who are ready to be mobilized to Ellen G. White, Testimonies to Department Ministers, p. 204. meet the needs of our world head-on. ' Christ's Object Lessons, pp. director, for the That mobilization will include national and local talent banks 86, 87. Columbia Union where every member can sign up to use his or her gifts in ser- Conference. 56 (1080) ADVENTIST REVIEW

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Have you ever noticed how hope drives you to do are in his way. We complicate strange things? his strategy. It should give us In the hope of reaching the summit, climbers courage that he is serious risk limb—and life. In the hope of claiming a gold about attacking and distracting medal, some of the world's most disciplined young spend a us. lifetime on the balance beam. In the hope of discovering a Like the little boy who said miracle, cure researchers invest a decade peering into a micro- his favorite song was "This scope or stirring strange potions. world is not my hope, I'm just Hope is a powerful force. Hope is a motivating energy. Hope a-passin' through," we look is a life-challenging attitude. Hope is one of the nonoptional ahead with a hope that eagerly components of end-time living. "We are saved by hope," the anticipates. We put the "hope Bible says (Rom. 8:24, KJV).* of salvation as a helmet" (1 The apostle Paul used an illustration from the sports world Thess. 5:8). Remember Paul's (see 1 Cor. 9:24-27). May I also? "faith, hope and love" in 1 It is the bottom of the ninth inning, with two out and the home Corinthians 13? Hope is one team behind 6 to 2. Expectant-fans-turned-bored-spectators of the great earmarks of being begin to head for the exits. Even the umpire yawns. The pitcher Christian. walks a batter, but no one seems to care. The next batter hits a Some time ago workers on little blooper over second base, and now there are runners on an auto assembly line in first and second. A wild pitch advances them; a hit batter fills Detroit, Michigan, told about the bases. Hope begins to rekindle. Departing patrons pause in their lives. The study showed the aisles. that those who had something The count goes to two strikes on the batter, and the inevitable to look forward to at the end seems near. But a new mood has somehow energized the play- of the day were less tired and ers. Adrenaline flows. They begin to talk it up from the dugout. did better work than those Maybe. Just maybe. The miraculous begins to seem possible. who didn't. Bruce Larson The unexpected seems within reach. We call it hope! asked the staff of the A high inside pitch, and the batter connects. Excitement runs Meninger Foundation what g through the stands like a tidal wave. The fans head back to their was the single most important seats as the ball clears the right field fence. It's a grand slam factor in the treatment of the 'IS home run! Tie score. Hope. It's energizing, electrifying. emotionally disturbed. Their There is a powerful tendency for an organization in its 150th consensus: hope. When a year to fall into the slump of those long middle innings. Early- patient turns a corner and 5 .s season optimism turns tentative, then fades to doubt. It appears begins to hope, that is the the other team may win after all. Spectators lose interest. Bad beginning of healing. team. Bad leadership. B000. "We have this hope as an But the team that wins is the team that doesn't lose hope. The anchor for the soul" (Heb. team that believes in the coach. The team whose members sup- 6:19). Hope anchors us to 1 port one another, and give their all. eternity. 1_ From its inception the Advent movement has negotiated "Since we have such a CD extraordinary obstacles. That should not surprise us. The devil hope, we are very bold" (2 9 doesn't like this church, this ragged band of rescued rebels Cor. 3:12). Hope generates a raised up at a key time in heaven's timetable and commissioned sense of security and boldness. ALFRED C. MC CLURE T with the happy responsibility of telling the truth about God. We Paul speaks of "endurance

ADVENTIST REVIEW (1083) 59 inspired by hope" (1 Thess. My Dream . . . 1:3). Hope gives us a spiritual tenacity. But what happens to those My dream is that the Adventist who lose hope? Church will be known as the Criticism. Those whose "Loving Church." hope grows dim often develop Webster defines love as a critical spirit. "Maybe we "unselfish loyal and benevolent have been deceived. Maybe concern for the good of another." God has withdrawn from us. It won't be easy to be a loving Maybe the pioneers believed church. We must individually cul- an illusion." tivate love in our own lives. Each But hope restored changes and every member must individu- attitudes. "Yes, it's been ally work to build relationships with Jesus Christ and oth- longer than we thought. But I ers by diligent, Spirit-filled study of God's Word. trust God and the wisdom of Ellen White tells us: "The secret of unity is found in the His timetable." "Yes, we have equality of believers in Christ. The reason for all division, disappointed God—and our- discord, and difference is found in separation from Christ. selves—by our compromise. Christ is the center to which all should be attracted; for But He has invited us to the nearer we approach the Center, the closer we shall repent of our sins, and we come together in feeling, in sympathy, in love, growing have done that—and we do into the character and image of Jesus" (Selected that." "Yes, we do need to Messages, book 1, p. 259; italics supplied). constantly reexplore our roots. I dream of people studying the Scriptures daily and And I have learned that the persistently, asking the Holy Spirit to help us apply God's more carefully I investigate precepts to our lives. Then we will be loving, Christlike the biblical moorings of this people. movement, the more firmly I discover them to be anchored Glenda Hijar, 45, is a native of Denver, Colorado. Glenda, to the Rock." her husband, and two children enjoy such outdoor sports Affirmation helps melt as cycling, camping, and skiing. She works as a parale- away a critical spirit. gal for a Denver law firm. No vision. The vision of a completed task, a goal achieved, is fed by hope. Confidence in the achievabil- ity of the dream keeps hope 1995 GENERAL CONFERENCE SESSION alive. Even in the bitter days. Even in detours. Even when AIR TICKETS, HOTEL ROOMS, TOURS & CARS people—and leaders—let us AIR TICKETS: Call ICM's air reservations desk at 800-327-8338, M-F 9am-5pm Eastern, to get the best air down and changes leave us fares to Holland. Inventory on peak travel dates are limited so don't delay. wondering. The unshakable HOTELS: Rooms for individuals and groups available at all price levels. Reserve now for best selection. confidence that God will see TOURS: Include an excellent guided tour in your trip! Experience the Bible Lands Tour, or retrace the steps of the Reformation in the Greal Controversy Tour, or visit the capitals of Europe. Vegetarian meals, guides, His people through to the end 4-15 days, from tourist to first class price levels. gives us reason to hope. And OFFICIAL BROCHURE: Get your copy of the Official 1995 GC Session Visitor's Brochure today for the latest information about hotels, air fares, exciting tour options, discounted rental cars, charter buses, and much strong hope keeps the vision more. To retrieve the brochure by fax 24 hours per day from ICM's fax-on-demand service, use your fax alive. machine to call 305-662-1118, then follow the instructions from the voice menu, and request document #200. The brochure will be immediately transmitted to your fax while you are still connected. Or, call 305-662-6647 Laodicea. You cannot dis- to have the brochure mailed to you. Call today. courage those who are poised on the verge of realizing their 111111111 International dream. Only if we lose hope, 11111111 Conference only if the dream seems ethe- real and uncertain, only if we • U• Management lose our sense of need and our 7152 SW 47th Street, Miami, FL 33155 USA personal journey with the Voice: 305-662-6647 Fax: 305-666-7134 Information Access & Fax-on-Demand: 305-662-1118 Guide—only then do we lose focus and fall asleep. If hope

60 (1084) ADVENTIST REVIEW is alive and well, we are com- pelled by an urgency, no mat- ter how long the delay.

What Kind of Hoper Are You? You are lost in a blizzard. No one knows where you are. The snowfall is beginning to slow. Maybe if you stamp out a message in the snow, some- one will spot you from the air.

It's not likely; it's a long shot, Bob Broome Michelle Fetters Clint Davis Mark Waldrop but it's your only chance. This National HealtbCorp Sunbelt Health Care Centers (are (enters (are More. Inc. is the kind of hope that is born out of desperation. "Are you going to get out FIRST STOP: THE TOP of debt this year?" "Well, I The demand for nursing home administrators is so great that these four directors saw the hope so . . ." Some lack of executive suite years before their peers. Like most Long-Term Health Care Administration assurance here. Depends on students, they were hired before graduation. It's the ultimate career opportunity with great circumstances. It's a dream, compensation and a chance to serve. Call 1-800-SOUTHERN for a free information kit. and a desirable one, but not very likely. This is the hope that is dependent on whether the most recent news is good SOUTHERN COLLEGE OF SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTISTS or bad. COLLEGEDALE, TENNESSEE 37315 The third kind of hoper says, "The outcome of this journey is never in doubt. I'd stake my life on it. Even when the way gets long and trials make life seem grim, I take courage from the assurance that there is a better day com- ing." In Scripture, hope is the conviction that something The Cry Heard good is going to happen and that God will see to it. 'Round the World Hope contains the element of eagerness. Hope clings to Hear, see, and experience the agony the promises of God and and ecstasy of our movement's fore- draws not only assurance but runners in The Midnight Cm, a new video documentary on the life and times excitement. As we walk in of William Miller. Stunning visuals and God's story we are excited well-researched narrative combine to about the future because we provide a captivating picture of what it are "looking for that blessed was like for the people who urged a hope, . . . the glorious appear- nation to prepare for the end. ing of the great God and our This is a viewing experience that Saviour Jesus Christ" (Titus every Adventist will treasure. VHS, 2 2:13, KJV). hours. US$29.95/Cdn$46.15. On the 150th birthday of this unique movement, I want Available now at your Adventist to invite you to take inventory Book Center, or call toll free 1-800-765-6955. of your supply of hope. If it is ©1994 Pacific Press Publishing Association #733/9833 strong, praise God for that. I hope you are sharing it regu- larly with others. If hope has grown dim for you, I invite

ADVENTIST REVIEW (1085) 61 My Dream . . .

I sometimes wish I could go White, North American, middle-class, nuclear family units back to the Adventist Church of my (dad, mom, son, and daughter). Because we are so childhood. diverse—ethnically, economically, socially, yes, even theolog- The church of my childhood was ically—we can have more impact on our world than our pio- a simple church. We worshiped neers even remotely imagined. together, worked together, played The one thing we do have in common—and the thing we together; I felt sorry for people who should never doubt or disparage—is our allegiance and loyalty didn't belong to the church. to the one true God, in whom alone is all truth. As long as we But what a difference 30 years understand that we all have unique talents to add to God's king- makes! dom, we shouldn't be distressed if we don't always march in The church no longer seems simple. As an adult I see that lockstep toward the kingdom. We're all valued here, because churches very rarely do anything "together" anymore. It we're all part of the process of getting from here to the kingdom. seems a virtual impossibility to please every taste and prefer- So rather than simply "occupying" till Jesus comes, I see ence when it comes to church life. The fact that there is as a dynamic church that continues to study, probe, explore, much unity in the church as there is is a miracle in itself. experience, and live God's truth. But perhaps today's diversity isn't bad. What better way to wait for the coming we all hope will be Rather than whining about the way the church is now—as soon? opposed to the way it used to be we should celebrate the diversity that exists in the church. Stephen Chavez is an assistant editor of the Adventist It may be one of God's greatest gifts to the Adventist Review. He, his wife, and their two children left their home in Church to realize that the church is not made up primarily of Reno, Nevada, to be missionaries to Maryland.

you to reimmerse yourself in the promises of His Word, because as we trace His steps we can never doubt His guid- ing hand. And if the flame of hope has been extinguished by whatever set of circumstances, now is the time to rejoin your heart with this band of hope- 11- aCnOdVGERNAANNITT EMAWORKS RBIE NEW from - filled pilgrims en route to the kingdom. The Ten Commandments in I lebrew, Spanish or English. "For yet a little while, and Hand-carved style on two he that shall come will come, 14" x 6-1,2" x 3/8" tablets. and will not tarry" (Heb. bra*1111•11111••••.•••••• rs• .4.11"" Gray or Rose Granite $ 44.95 O fftke, goo , 10:37, 10V). What a hope! ToRlaiddLtall•.{. Min* 131tte with white lettering $ 49.95 Blue with gold lettering $ 59.95 * Unless otherwise noted, Bible texts townlipulenszap,* Pine Easel $ 20.00 in this article are from the New 11¢ mar.' allea. Custom Wire Stand $ 4.00 International Version.

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62 (1086) ADVENTIST REVIEW When We Improved The Nutrition, We Kept The Same Great Taste. The next time you stock up on your favorite tional chart. And we've reintroduced one of your vegetarian foods, you might not recog- favorite brand names, Loma Linda, nize them right away. That's replacing the La Loma® brand name. because we've made some Rest assured, though, we kept changes to our Worthington the same great taste. So now and Loma Linda® brands. you can eat well in more First, we've reformu- ways than one. lated our foods to make Look for the updated them even healthier. packaging from Worthing- Many now have less fat, ton and Loma Linda. You less sodium and no MSG. might not recognize us at We've also freshened up v first, but once you take a bite our look with 4:e, you'll know for sure. This is the a new package 4.'4- same great tasting food you love, design that includes oi(LI only now it's Worthington an easier-to-read nutri- even better for you. otornirtotuuld

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YEARS Artist: VAIred IA`C {!--.) The Ellen White Estate, line. Christ's Church- 27 152 10 33 80 II 9 The Story Continues 1113 11 16 \--3 79 Crn 29 LS The history of Christ's church is still being written. Over the centuries Speel al PC) 2 1 ..1-154 821t1, e; 11-‘4 3 God has led men and women of faith to dare and do great things for God. 56 AA AP- . * For 150 years the Seventh-day Adventist Church has existed to carry on C €11.T11111 C111 401rating %74.71-,r1 25 50 0(1 - oe the tradition of practicing and communicating the truth as it is in Jesus. 4 C AL14. This commemorative poster, The Christ of the Narrow Way, dramatically

150 Years assists us in reviewing some of the outstanding events and individuals that

have shaped the Adventist Church so far. It also challenges us to live up to 1. Jesus Christ 26. Review and Herald 44. Arthur G. Daniells (1858-1935) 66. Eva B. Dykes (1892-1986) 2. The Ten Commandments 27. Norwegian Publishing House 45. Pitcairn (launched in 1890) 67. Loma Linda Sanitarium dedication our destiny by focusing our attention on Jesus and following Him along the 3. The Three Angels (est. in 1882) 46. Skodsborg Sanitarium (est. in 1898) (April 15, 1906) 4. The Bible 28. 47. Oakwood College (est. in 1896) 68. John A. Burden (1862-1942) narrow path that leads to His kingdom. 5. The writings of Ellen G. White (dedicated April 20, 1879) 48. Charles M. Kinney (1855-1951) 69. Newton Evans, M.D. (1874-1945) 6. William Miller (1782-1849) 29. Battle Creek College (est. in 1874) 49. Anna Knight (1874-1972) 70. Percy T. Magan, M.D. (1867-1947) This poster, suitable for framing, can be removed from this issue of the 7. Falling of the Stars (Nov. 12-13, 1833) 30. Vigilant Missionary Society 50. Morning Star (1894) 71. William C. White (1854-1937) Ad ventis t ttio 8. Ellen G. White (1827-1915) (organized June 8, 1869) 51. James Edson White (1849-1928) 72. Arthur L. White (1907-1991) Adventist Review by carefully cutting along the dotted line. 9. Streams of Light Vision (Nov. 18, 1848) 31. Battle Creek Sanitarium (1877-1902) 52. Burning of the Battle Creek 73. Adventist mission advances 10. 32. Luther Warren (1864-1940); Sanitarium (Feb. 18, 1902) 74. Fernando Stahl (1874-1950); 11. Washington, New Hampshire, Church Harry Fenner ( 1862-1940) 53. El mshaven (1900-1915) Ana (Carlsen) Stahl (1870-1968) The Christ of the Narrow Way-Elfred Lee, artist. This floor-to-ceiling 12. Joseph Bates (1792-1872) 33. Tent evangelism 54. Madison College (1904-1964) 75. Harry W. Miller, M.D. (1879-1977)

13. (1809-1868) 34. J. N. Andrews (1829-1883) and his 55. Edward A. Sutherland (1865-1955); 76. Mission aviation mural, based on Ellen White's first vision, extends the entire length of a 30- 14. Frederick Wheeler (1811-1910) two teenage children, Mary and Sally (Bralliar) Sutherland (1871-1953) 77. Leo B. Haliwell (1891-1967); 15. Uriah Smith (1832-1903) Charles 56. Sydney Sanitarium (est. in 1903) Jessie (Rowley) Haliwell. (1894-1962) foot wall in the world headquarters building of the Seventh-day Adventist 16. Annie R. Smith (1828-1855) 35. Kate Lindsay, M.D. (1842-1923) 57. Sanitarium Health Food Company 78. Luzeiro (Light Bearer) 17. Michael Belina Czechowski 36. John Harvey Kellogg, M.D. (est. in 1897) 79. Harold M. S. Richards (1894-1985) Church, Silver Spring, Maryland. It was commissioned by the Ellen G. (1818-1876) (1852-1943) 58. Loma Linda Sanitarium. 80. Television and radio 18. John N. Loughborough (1832- 1 924) 37. William H. Anderson (1870-1950) (est. in 1905) 81. Loma Linda University Medical Center White Estate, Inc., copyright 1991. A 96-page full-color inspirational and 19. Martha D. Amadon (1834-1937) 38. Minneapolis, Minnesota, Church 59. Marcial Serna (1860-1935) (opened in 1967) informative book built around the mural is available from the White Estate 20. Stephen N. Haskell (1833-1922) (built in 1888) 60. Publishing work 82. Pioneer Memorial Church 21. James White (1821-1881) 39. Ellet J. Waggoner (1855-1916) 61. William H. Green (1871-1928) 83. The Good Samaritan statuary, Presented by the Adventist Review for $9.95 plus $3.00 shipping. 22. (1798-1887) 40. Alonzo T. Jones (1850-1923) 62. William A. Spicer (1865-1952) Loma Linda, California 23. (1832-1899) 41. Sunnyside (1896-1900) 63. Frank L. Peterson (1893-1969) 84. New General Conference Headquarters 24. Washington Hand Press (1852) 42. Avondale College (est. in 1897) 64. G. E. Peters (1885-1965) (officially opened Oct. 3, 1989) iii encoperation with the Ellen G. White Estate 25. Western Health Reform Institute 43. Abram La Rue (1822-1903) 65. L. Flora Plummer (1862-1945) 85. The Dove