DOCSLIB.ORG

James Wickham Cora Prudence Billard

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
James Wickham Cora Prudence Billard ANCESTORS OF JAMES WICKHAM AND HIS \VIFE CORA PRUDENCE BILLARD COMPILED BY JOSEPHINE C. FROST (MRS. SAMUEL KNAPP FROST) BROOKLYN, N. Y. 1935 WICKHAM-BILLARD GENEALOGY WICKHAM Thomas \Vickham m. Sarah --- f Joseph Vvickham m. Sarah Satterly ( ?) I Joseph Wickham m. Abigail Parker I John Wickham m ..Hannah Fanning I William Wickham m. Anna Reeve I William Wickham m. Sarah Elizabeth Havens I James Wickham m. Cora Prudence Biilard Thomas Wickham m. Sarah --- 1 Joseph Wickham m. Sarah Satterly ( ?) I Joseph Wickham m. Abigail Parker I Parker Wickham m. Mary Goldsmith I Pamel Wickham m. James Reeve I Anna Reeve m. William Wickham . I William Wickham m. Sarah Elizabeth Havens I James Wickham m. Cora Prudence Billard 1. THOMAS WICKHAM is first noted in New England as living in Wethersfield, Conn., in 1648. (History of Wethersfield, Vol. 1, 3 4 WICKHAM-BILLARD GENEALOGY p. 312; Vol. 2, p. 789.) In 1651 he was living in New Haven, Con·n., where his wife evidently kept a school (Town Records of New Haven, 1649-1662, p. 88) and on August 3, 1652, he was complained of for not paying his rate and for not bringing the name and birth of his child to the Secretary in season. He stated that being a stranger he knew not the order. He was not fined but he was to work for Good­ year until his taxes were paid ( p. 135). The Vital Records of New Haven, page 7, show that he had son Thomas bor·n there October 14, 1651. By 1658 he had returned to Wethersfield and in 1662 the town gave him land to add to what he had previously purchased. He was a dealer in wool and in 1664 purchased four hundred pounds from parties in Boston, his shop being by the river now known as the Cove. He and his wife Sarah gave property to their son Thomas in 1673, that year making the son born in New Haven 21 years of age. ( History of Wethersfield, Vol. 1, p. 312.) Thomas Wickham, Sr., died in Wethersfield, January 11, 1688, aged 64 years, and his wife Sarah died there January 7, 1699, aged about 70 years. Her maide·n name has not been found. The Wethersfield records state that Thomas Sr. owned property in Eastbury, a parish of Glastonbury, but there seems to be no evidence that he ever resided there. When the son Thomas died in Wethersfield, administra._tion was granted June 2, 1730, to Gideon vVickham of Southold, L. I., but it was finally give·n into the hands of Benjamin Deming. (Early Connec­ ticut Probate Records, Vol. 3, p. 32.) Sarah Wickham made her will in Wethersfield, Conn., December 25, 1699, which was probated February 7, 1699-1700. (Early Connec­ ticut Probate Records, Vol. 1, pp. 595, 596.) She states she is a .widow and names her eldest son as Thomas, who has had care of her for a long time, and that the rest of her children had their portions given them by their father a·nd names sons William, Thomas, Samuel, John and Joseph and daughter Sarah Hudson, ,vho had a son named John Cherry. She gave her son Joseph 20 shillings in silver besides the five pounds he received from Jonathan Strickland of Long Island. If her son John is living and appears, he is to have 40 shillings in silver. Issue: Thomas, Sarah, William, Samuel, Joseph, John. NoTE.-Thomas \Vickham in a deposition dated July 5, 1708, stated that he was 57 years old, which shows he was the Thomas Jr. born in 1651. (Early Connecticut Probate Records, Vol. 2, p. 23.) 2. JOSEPH \VICKHAM, son of Thomas and Sarah Wickham, was born in Wethersfield, Conn., about 1662 and died as Colonel, July WICKHAM-BILLARD GENEALOGY 5 6, 1734, in Southold, L. I. (New York Record, Vol. 48, p. 23.) He married first, Sarah Satterly, probably in Killingsworth, Conn. -(See Note.) He married second, Elizabeth, maiden name not known, who died June 4, 1725 or 1727, aged 31 years. In 1686 he purchased from his parents part of their holdings on the west side of High Street in Wethersfield, Co·nn., but soon sold it to Captain Robert Well es and removed to Southampton, L. I. (History of Wethersfield, Vol. 1, p. 312.) He appears in the town of Southampton when on August 24, 1686, he was to have three acres of land on the west side of "Sagaponack Pond" on condition that he set up his trade of tanning for the benefit of the town for 7 years. If he did not remain that long the land was to belong to the town. (Town Records of Southampton, Vol. 2, p. 111.) He was there on March 25, 1693, when he sold 2 acres of land ·near Sagg Pond to Joseph Moore (p. 326). The Calendar of Historical Mss., Part 2, p. 444, states that on September 9, 1719, Joseph Wickham was Sheriff of Suffolk County. In the Terry Mss. in the Long Island Historical _Society, on page 8, is mentioned a parchme·nt which states that Joseph Wickham, Esq., was commissioned Lieutenant Colonel of a Regiment of Suffolk County Militia under Colonel Richard Floyd, at Fort George, September 3, 1724. Joseph Wickham of Southold, L. I., made his will there April 20, 1734, which was proven August 17, 1734 (New York Wills, Vol. 3, pp. 154, 155), in which he bequeathed his son Joseph and his male heirs all his houses, la:nds and buildings "where I now dwell." In defa ult of male heirs, then to his son \Villiam and his male heirs. He bequeathed his son William all the houses and lands "where he now dwelleth in Southold," and meadows at Robins Island N eek and at the Great N eek Meadows. In default of male heirs that property to go to son Be·njamin and his male heirs, and in default, then to the next male heir. To daughter Elizabeth Gardiner he gave a mulatto girl until she was 30 years of age, then she to be free. To grand­ daughter Elizabeth Stotler, one feather bed and furniture, biggest brass kettle, iron pot and kettle, three large pe\vter platters, six butter plates, three silver spoons, two pewter basins, three pewter porringers. To sons Benjamin, Samuel and Jonathan, and daughter Elizabeth, all movables excepting those on Robins Island. To the same sons just named; all the rents of Robins Island for 12 years, to be let out by my executors to the best advantage. "My meaning is that no part of the Island shall be plo\ved more tha·n three times during the said twelve years." At the expiration of the 12 years he left his son Joseph and 6 WICKHAM-BILLARD GENEALOGY his male heirs "all my said Island called Robins Island," and in default of male heirs to son William and his male heirs, and in default then to the next male heir forever. He left his sons Joseph and William all his right in the Patent lately purchased of Colonel Henry and Major William Smith and all rights in the purchase lately made by William Mapes at Cutchogue. He named his three sons, Joseph, William and Samuel, as executors, and the will was witnessed by Gideo·n Wickham, Joshua Budd and John Holloway. The intention of the testator to have his lands continue to his latest posterity was not realized for they finally descended to his grandson Parker Wickham, whose devotio·n to the Royal cause at the time of the Revolution caused them to be confiscated, and Robins Island so conspicuous in Peconic Bay was sold by the Commissioners of For­ feiture to Colonel Benjamin Talmage and Caleb Brewster on August 5, 1784. Some of the property lying in Riverhead was sold at the same time to Nathaniel Norton. · Issue of Joseph Wickham and Sarah Satterly as per family records : Joseph, William, Benjamin, Samuel, Jonathan, Elizabeth, Abigail. N OTE.-All early and family records claim that Joseph Wickham married Sarah Satterly and the old Thompson papers, published by Charles J. Werner, make her a daughter of Benedict Satterly, which of course was quite impossible, but the following statement is most likely to be the truth if it could be absolutely proven: Benedict Satterly appears in New London after 1680 and on August 2, 1682 (iHistory of New London, p. 283), he, as "son of William of Devonshire, old England, near Exon, married Rebecca, widow of John Dymo·nd." A little study into Rebecca's past imparts the knowledge that she was the daughter of James Bernas of New London and married, April 3, 1672, Tobias Winter, and had son Tobias, born in 1674, and her husband died June 17, 1674; shortly after she married John Dymond, a sailor, and had John, born 1675, Sarah, 1676, and Jonathan, 1678. He died before August 2, 1682, for on that date she married Benedict Satterly and it is perhaps only reasonable to suppose that those young children were brought up under the name of Satterly and that Sarah, born in 1676, married under that name Joseph Wickham, although a daughter of John Dymond. The mother of Rebecca Bernas, as a widow, married in 1672/73, Edward Griswold of Killingworth, Conn., and the History of New London states that Sarah Satterly married Joseph Wickham of Kill­ ingworth, and that Benedict Satterly left two daughters, Sarah and WICKHAM-BILLARD GENEALOGY 7 Rebecca. I opine that they were his step-daughters. Hempstead, in his Diary, page 532, in 1749, states that he went to see Joseph Swezey and Rebecca, his wife, on their farm in Occabauk in Southold and that "she was a New London woman, her maiden name being Satterly, and born in an old house there belonging to her mother, in old Mr.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Slater V. Baker and Stapleton (C.B. 1767): Unpublished Monographs by Robert D. Miller
    SLATER V. BAKER AND STAPLETON (C.B. 1767): UNPUBLISHED MONOGRAPHS BY ROBERT D. MILLER ROBERT D. MILLER, J.D., M.S. HYG. HONORARY FELLOW MEDICAL HISTORY AND BIOETHICS DEPARTMENT SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN - MADISON PRINTED BY AUTHOR MADISON, WISCONSIN 2019 © ROBERT DESLE MILLER 2019 BOUND BY GRIMM BOOK BINDERY, MONONA, WI AUTHOR’S INTRODUCTION These unpublished monographs are being deposited in several libraries. They have their roots in my experience as a law student. I have been interested in the case of Slater v. Baker and Stapleton since I first learned of it in law school. I was privileged to be a member of the Yale School Class of 1974. I took an elective course with Dr. Jay Katz on the protection of human subjects and then served as a research assistant to Dr. Katz in the summers of 1973 and 1974. Dr. Katz’s course used his new book EXPERIMENTATION WITH HUMAN BEINGS (New York: Russell Sage Foundation 1972). On pages 526-527, there are excerpts from Slater v. Baker. I sought out and read Slater v. Baker. It seemed that there must be an interesting backstory to the case, but it was not accessible at that time. I then practiced health law for nearly forty years, representing hospitals and doctors, and writing six editions of a textbook on hospital law. I applied my interest in experimentation with human beings by serving on various Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) during that period. IRBs are federally required committees that review and approve experiments with humans at hospitals, universities and other institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • 260 Paul Kléber Monod This Is an Ambitious Book. Monod's
    260 book reviews Paul Kléber Monod Solomon’s Secret Arts: The Occult in the Age of Enlightenment, New Haven and London: Yale University Press 2013. x + 430 pp. isbn 978-0-300-12358-6. This is an ambitious book. Monod’s subject is the occult, by which he means ‘a type of thinking expressed either in writing or in action, that allowed the boundary between the natural and the supernatural to be crossed by the ac- tions of human beings’ (p. 5). Although he cites the work of Antoine Faivre, Wouter Hanegraaff and others, readers of Aries will doubtless be interested to learn Monod’s reasoning for using the term occult in preference to West- ern esotericism. In short, while acknowledging the important contribution of the ‘esoteric approach’ he also highlights its perceived ‘shortcomings’, namely a tendency to regard relevant texts as ‘comprising a discrete and largely self- referential intellectual tradition, hermetically sealed so as to ward off the taint of other forms of thought, not to mention social trends and popular practices’. Moreover, ‘scholars of esoteric religion’ apparently ‘have a tendency to inter- pret whatever they are studying with the greatest seriousness, so that hucksters and charlatans turn into philosophers, and minor references in obscure eso- teric works take on labyrinthine significances’ (p. 10). In practice, what Monod understands here as the occult is largely restricted to alchemy, astrology and rit- ual magic; a maelstrom which, among other things, pulled in readers of Hermes Trismegistus, Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, Paracelsus, Jacob Boehme and the Kabbalah, outwardly respectable scientists and anti-Trinitarians (sometimes one and the same); Philadelphians; French Prophets; Freemasons; students of Ancient Britain and the Druids; cunning folk; authors of popular Gothic novels; certain followers of Emmanuel Swedenborg; Neoplatonists; advocates of Ani- mal magnetism; and Judaized millenarians.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicine, Astrology, and Written Records
    Casebooks in Early Modern England: Medicine, Astrology, and Written Records Lauren Kassell Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Volume 88, Number 4, Winter 2014, pp. 595-625 (Article) Published by Johns Hopkins University Press DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2014.0066 For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/564670 [ Access provided at 5 Oct 2021 13:50 GMT with no institutional affiliation ] Casebooks in Early Modern England: Medicine, Astrology, and Written Records LAUREN KASSELL Summary: Casebooks are the richest sources that we have for encounters between early modern medical practitioners and their patients. This article compares astrological and medical records across two centuries, focused on England, and charts developments in the ways in which practitioners kept records and reflected on their practices. Astrologers had a long history of working from particular moments, stellar configurations, and events to general rules. These practices required systematic notation. Physicians increasingly modeled themselves on Hip- pocrates, recording details of cases as the basis for reasoned expositions of the histories of disease. Medical records, as other scholars have demonstrated, shaped the production of medical knowledge. Instead, this article focuses on the nature of casebooks as artifacts of the medical encounter. It establishes that casebooks were serial records of practice, akin to diaries, testimonials, and registers; identi- fies extant English casebooks and the practices that led to their production and preservation; and concludes that the processes of writing, ordering, and preserv- ing medical records are as important for understanding the medical encounter as the records themselves. Keywords: casebooks, medical records, astrology, paper technologies, cases, patients, Simon Forman, Richard Napier This research has been supported by the Wellcome Trust, through an Enhancement Award 2004–9 and a Strategic Award 2009–14 on “Generation to Reproduction” (grants 074298 and 088708).
    [Show full text]
  • Alchemy Archive Reference
    Alchemy Archive Reference 080 (MARC-21) 001 856 245 100 264a 264b 264c 337 008 520 561 037/541 500 700 506 506/357 005 082/084 521/526 (RDA) 2.3.2 19.2 2.8.2 2.8.4 2.8.6 3.19.2 6.11 7.10 5.6.1 22.3/5.6.2 4.3 7.3 5.4 5.4 4.5 Ownership and Date of Alternative Target UDC Nr Filename Title Author Place Publisher Date File Lang. Summary of the content Custodial Source Rev. Description Note Contributor Access Notes on Access Entry UDC-IG Audience History 000 SCIENCE AND KNOWLEDGE. ORGANIZATION. INFORMATION. DOCUMENTATION. LIBRARIANSHIP. INSTITUTIONS. PUBLICATIONS 000.000 Prolegomena. Fundamentals of knowledge and culture. Propaedeutics 001.000 Science and knowledge in general. Organization of intellectual work 001.100 Concepts of science Alchemyand knowledge 001.101 Knowledge 001.102 Information 001102000_UniversalDecimalClassification1961 Universal Decimal Classification 1961 pdf en A complete outline of the Universal Decimal Classification 1961, third edition 1 This third edition of the UDC is the last version (as far as I know) that still includes alchemy in Moreh 2018-06-04 R 1961 its index. It is a useful reference documents when it comes to the folder structure of the 001102000_UniversalDecimalClassification2017 Universal Decimal Classification 2017 pdf en The English version of the UDC Online is a complete standard edition of the scheme on the Web http://www.udcc.org 1 ThisArchive. is not an official document but something that was compiled from the UDC online. Moreh 2018-06-04 R 2017 with over 70,000 classes extended with more than 11,000 records of historical UDC data (cancelled numbers).
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity and Ecological Potential of Plum Island, New York
    Biodiversity and ecological potential of Plum Island, New York New York Natural Heritage Program i New York Natural Heritage Program The New York Natural Heritage Program The NY Natural Heritage Program is a partnership NY Natural Heritage has developed two notable between the NYS Department of Environmental online resources: Conservation Guides include the Conservation (NYS DEC) and The Nature Conservancy. biology, identification, habitat, and management of many Our mission is to facilitate conservation of rare animals, of New York’s rare species and natural community rare plants, and significant ecosystems. We accomplish this types; and NY Nature Explorer lists species and mission by combining thorough field inventories, scientific communities in a specified area of interest. analyses, expert interpretation, and the most comprehensive NY Natural Heritage also houses iMapInvasives, an database on New York's distinctive biodiversity to deliver online tool for invasive species reporting and data the highest quality information for natural resource management. planning, protection, and management. In 1990, NY Natural Heritage published Ecological NY Natural Heritage was established in 1985 and is a Communities of New York State, an all inclusive contract unit housed within NYS DEC’s Division of classification of natural and human-influenced Fish, Wildlife & Marine Resources. The program is communities. From 40,000-acre beech-maple mesic staffed by more than 25 scientists and specialists with forests to 40-acre maritime beech forests, sea-level salt expertise in ecology, zoology, botany, information marshes to alpine meadows, our classification quickly management, and geographic information systems. became the primary source for natural community NY Natural Heritage maintains New York’s most classification in New York and a fundamental reference comprehensive database on the status and location of for natural community classifications in the northeastern rare species and natural communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Town Records
    SOUTHOLD TOWN RECORDS COPIED AND EXPLANATORY NOTES ADDED BY J. \VICKHAM CASE. PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TOWNS OF SOUTHOLD AND RIVERHEAD. 1882. Co~GJJT, 1882, B'Y rHE TOWNS OF SOUTHOLD AND RIVERHEAD, Nl!:.W \"ORK TOWN CLERK'S CERTIFICATE. This may certify that I have myself compared this printed volume, being essentially a copy of Liber A and of Liber B of the Town Records of Southold, or caused it to be compared, with the original manuscript Records in my office, and that the printed copy is the same as the original, errata excepted, and except also that ab­ stracts have been made of some documents written in exceedingly verbose and technical language; but in all these cases the fact is indicated that abstracts only are printed. These abstracts, however, give all names, dates and boundaries mentioned in the original entries. HENRY W. PRINCE, Town Clerk. SOUTHOLD, March 14, 1882. INTRODUCTION. This Yolume owes its existence, in rart at least, to the growing appreciation of the faith, wisdom and vir­ tue of the founders of the Puritan Towns of New Eng­ land. Southold, in the early years of its history, was one of these civil and religious organizations. These Puritan Towns maintained a large measure of independence and self-government, but they were also united for more general purposes under the several larger jurisdictions of Plymouth, Massachusetts, Con­ necticut, New Haven, etc. The conditions of the full organization of one of these small but self-conscious republics required a body of freemen for its political life and activity, and a church of Christ for its moral and intellectual culture and its religious welfare and fruitfulness.
    [Show full text]
  • Ichthyocolla: Medicinal 'Fish Glue'
    Although applied in some contexts to a wide variety of ARTICLE bony fi shes, both freshwater and marine, in historical medicinal contexts ichthyocolla most commonly refers Ichthyocolla: medicinal ‘fi sh glue’ to the swim bladder of the Beluga Sturgeon, Huso huso (Linnaeus 1758) (Family Acipenseridae), sometimes re- Christopher J. Duffi n ferred to as the Isinglass Sturgeon (Figure 1). Th e source of beluga caviar (roe from the female), this fi sh is ana- Abstract dromous, migrating from salt waters into freshwater in Ichthyocolla is a collagen-rich medicinal simple, origi- nally derived from many parts of the parent fi sh, but more commonly restricted to Acipenseriform swim bladders imported from Russia in early modern times. Used to treat headache, tetanus and leprosy in classical times, the medieval Arabic tradition saw it utilised against haemorrhoids. Th e colloidal nature of the pro- Figure 1. Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1758) (Family Acipens- cessed material was exploited in early modern medicine eridae), the Beluga Sturgeon; complete fi sh in right lateral where it was used to treat haemorrhoids, leucorrhoea, view. (Source: From Stephenson (1838) Medical Zoology diarrhoea, and dysentery. Remarkable for its adhesive and Mineralogy, Plate 21, fi g. 2) properties, it was used topically to bind the separated lips of wounds together, to stabilise broken ribs, and in medicinal plasters. order to spawn. Late maturing, it can grow up to 7 me- tres in length, weigh up to 1,500 kilograms, and live Introduction for over 100 years. Now critically endangered due to Th e creation of a systematic inventory of the contents overfi shing and poaching, trade in Beluga Sturgeon is of surviving late seventeenth and early eighteenth cen- heavily restricted.
    [Show full text]
  • Cockatrice August A.S.49
    Cockatrice 0 Cockartice by Lord Quentin Maclaren August A.S. 49 August AS 49 Cockatrice Table of Contents Articles The Ripley Scroll Revealed Theophrastus von Oberstockstall ___ ____________ page 4 10 Things that you forget to tell the New Medieval Cook. Gabriella Borromei _____ page 21 Apple and Orange Tart Kara of Kirriemuir page 23 Recipes and Cooking in the Middle Ages – Tips and Tricks for All Kara of Kirriemuir page 27 Columns From the Editor ________________________________________________ page 2 Cockatrice FAQs _______________________________________________ page 30 This i s the August AS 49 (2014 ) edition of Cockatrice, a publication of the Kingdom of Lochac of the Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc. (SCA, Inc.). Cockatrice is an email publication only via subscription with the editor. It is not a corporate publication of SCA, Inc., and does not delineate SCA, Inc. policies. Credits for this issue: Cover Art: ©2014, Quentin Bourne, Used with permission Clipart: Medieval Woodcuts Clipart Collection (http://www.godecookery.com/clipart/clart.htm) Articles: p. 4 Andrew Kettle, ©2012, Used with permission p. 21 Donna Page , ©2014, Used with permission p. 27 Ra’chel Sihto, ©2014, Used with permission p. 30 Ra’chel Sihto, ©2014, Used with permission 2 August AS 49 Cockatrice From the Editor Greetings! putting the time, effort and enthusiasm into ensuring that this could happen. I am very happy to announce that we Thank you also to Lord Diego from finally have a Cockatrice website up and Masonry for all your help in this as well. running! At this stage it is in a blog format with an exciting subscribe now On a less positive note I was rather section! It is my hope that in the future disappointed with the number of we can start to load both back and contributions I have received recently.
    [Show full text]
  • SYDENHAM's IMPACT on ENGLISH MEDICINE* by R
    SYDENHAM'S IMPACT ON ENGLISH MEDICINE* by R. R. TRAIL A PRIME necessity for an assessment ofSydenham's impact on English medicine is a sympathetic understanding ofthe social conditions and ofthe troubled state of medicine in his day. In a coantryside with atrocious roads and a consequent lack of intercommunication, local prejudices and rebellion against central authority that undermined all attempts at national unity before the Restoration, back-breaking labour was the motive power of industry. Bone-aching and the winter-itch were the common lot of high and low; the townsmen, particularly in the ports, feared that fresh plague visitations would add to the miseries of tuberculosis, smallpox and the 'bloody-flux'. 'Man', wrote Robert Boyle in his Medicinal Experiments, could 'depend for continued health only on divine goodness.' The political and religious upheavals that culminated in the civil wars brought painful disruptions of family life, and the bewildering frag- mentations of non-conformity, the cold, Calvinistic doctrine of Hell and damnation to a people who had already lost the warmth and mental peace of a universal faith. Yet Bunyan's Pilgrim could encourage Faintheart, survive the Slough ofDespond and confront Giant Despair with the sturdy individualism that characterized the century. The state ofmedicine was still more chaotic than it had been in the sixteenth century. The three incorporated bodies of the College of Physicians, Barber- Surgeons and Apothecaries practised on no common standards, their individual members more interested in berating their competitors and in publishing speculative hypotheses and nostrums for self-advertisement than in recording details of the application and results of their therapy.
    [Show full text]
  • And Some Other Medieval Names of the Philosophers' Stone
    A note on lapis philosophicus, lapis philosophorum, and some other medieval names of the philosophers’ stone The first occurrences of philosophres ston registered in the Middle English Dictionary are from non-technical poems of the end of the fourteenth century: the Confessio Amantis refers to “the parfit Elixir Of thilke philosophres Ston,” and the Canon’s Yeoman like­ wise refers to the goal of alchemy in the words “The philosophres stoon, Elixir clept, we sechen.” 1 The fact that Gower and Chaucer evidently expected their readers to under­ stand the term although there is no earlier evidence of its circulation in English suggests very strongly that those readers would have encountered it in another language: in this case evidently Latin. In accordance with its usual policy, MED had little to say about the etymology of the English lexical item: it noted that philosophre is “From OFfilosofe & L philosophusf but gave no indication that philosophres ston translated a Latin lexical item. Although there have been a number of discussions of Chaucer’s alchemical know­ ledge, these do not appear to ask where in post-classical Latin the etymon of philosophres ston is first attested. The object of this note is to explore some answers to that question. Their formula­ tion began with consultancy work for the third edition of the Oxford English Dictionary, generated in the course of the revision of the entry philosophers' stone.2 This was origi­ nally published in fascicle Ph-Piper of the first edition of OED, which appeared under the editorship of James Murray in June 1906.
    [Show full text]
  • North Shore, Long Island Sound and Peconic Estuary Author: Elizabeth M
    3.2 North Shore, Long Island Sound and Peconic Estuary Author: Elizabeth M. Strange, Stratus Consulting Inc. Species and habitats along Long Island Sound TIDAL MARSH are potentially at risk because of sea level rise. This brief literature review considers this risk for In 2003, the Long Island Sound Habitat the New York portion of Long Island Sound Restoration Initiative reported that there were (hereafter the Sound), including the shorelines of 8,425.6 ha (20,820 acres) of tidal wetlands in the Westchester, Bronx, Nassau, and Suffolk Sound, including all tidal wetland types, with 85 counties as well as the Peconic Estuary at the far percent of the total in Connecticut.169 Most of the eastern end of Long Island. These Long Island remaining 15 percent of tidal wetlands found in shorelines contain important habitats for a the New York State portion of the Sound are variety of fish, shellfish, and birds, and a great along the shores of Westchester and Bronx deal is known about their ecology and habitat counties.170 In Westchester County, ecologically needs (see Map 3.1). Based on existing literature important tidal wetlands occur in the county- and the knowledge of local scientists, this review owned Marshlands Conservancy property.171 The discusses the coastal species in areas that could Marshlands Conservancy site is the only be at risk because of further habitat loss resulting mainland breeding area for yellow-crowned from sea level rise and shoreline protection. night herons in the region.172 There are locations in the study area with naturally steep shorelines that will interfere to Tidal wetlands are also uncommon along the varying degrees with marine transgression of north shore of Long Island because of the steep tidal wetlands in response to rising seas.
    [Show full text]
  • The Intellectual and Social Declines of Alchemy and Astrology, Circa 1650-1720
    The intellectual and social declines of alchemy and astrology, circa 1650-1720 John Clements PhD University of York History December 2017 Abstract: By the early decades of the eighteenth century alchemy and astrology had ceased to be considered respectable or credible by elite society. Astrology had been removed from university curricula, while alchemy largely ceased to be publicly practised by the educated and respected and became regarded by those of elite status to be little more than a tool for charlatans or quacks. This thesis draws out these twin declines and considers them in parallel, focusing on trying to analyse what changed intellectually and socially within England to so dramatically alter the fates of these arts. There is a scholarly tradition which has discussed the declines of alchemy and astrology as part of a broader notion of a decline in ‘occult practices’ or ‘magic’, an idea which is often twinned with the wider notion of a ‘rise of science’. This thesis will therefore consider alchemy and astrology as connected arts, which nevertheless possessed separate identities, and then analyse these arts’ declines alongside each other. Through this process it will explore to what degree and in what ways one can describe the declines of these arts as part of one unified trend, or if one needs to interpret these declines as purely grounded in their own unique circumstances. By utilising the works of alchemical and astrological practitioners and placing the decline of these arts in a longer historical context this thesis studies what those who practised the arts considered to be their core conceptual components and will therefore analyse how these elements were changed or challenged by intellectual developments that occurred in the second half of the seventeenth century.
    [Show full text]