Photosynthesis: Mechanisms and Effects Photosynthesis: Mechanisms and Effects

Volume 1-V

Proceedings of the Xlth International Congress on Photosynthesis, Budapest, Hungary, August 17-22, 1998 edited by G.GARAB Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary

SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN 978-0-7923-5542-7 (Vol. 1) ISBN 978-0-7923-5543-4 (Vol. 2) ISBN 978-0-7923-5544-1 (Vol. 3) ISBN 978-0-7923-5545-8 (Vol. 4) ISBN 978-0-7923-5546-5 (Vol. 5) ISBN 978-0-7923-5547-2 (set) ISBN 978-94-011-3953-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-3953-3

Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

Sold and distributed in North, Central and South America by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A.

In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

All Rights Reserved ©1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner Edesanyanak es Anik{mak GENERAL CONTENTS

VOLUME I 1. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF ANTENNA COMPLEXES. I. 1 2. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF ANTENNA COMPLEXES. II. 237 3. REACTION CENTERS. I. GREEN-SULFUR AND HELIOBACTERIA; PHOTOSYSTEM I 495

VOLUME II 4. REACTION CENTERS. II. PURPLE BACTERIA AND PHOTOSYSTEM II 671 5. OXYGEN EVOLUTION 1231

VOLUME Ill 6. CYTOCHROME COMPLEXES; SOLUBLE ELECTRON TRANSFER PROTEINS 1479 7. ENERGY TRANSDUCTION; ATP SYNTHASE 1633 8. FUNCTIONS OF LIPIDS AND ARCHITECTURE OF MEMBRANES 1775 9. AUXILIARY AND REGULATORY ENZYMES IN CHLOROPLASTS 1851 10. UV-B AND VISIBLE LIGTH STRESS 2083

VOLUME IV 11. PHYSIOLOGY OF PLANTS UNDER BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC STRESS 2417 12. LIGHT SENSORY SYSTEMS; METABOLIC SIGNALS 2769 13. PHOTOSYNTHETIC GENES. I. PROKARYOTES 2825 14. PHOTOSYNTHETIC GENES. II. EUKARYOTES 2941 15. BIOSYNTHESIS AND ASSEMBLY. I. PROTEINS 3047 16. BIOSYNTHESIS AND ASSEMBLY. II. PIGMENTS 3187

VOLUMEV 17. CO2 ENTRY, CONCENTRATION AND FIXATION 3305 18. METABOLIC PATHWAYS 3503 19. MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY 3641 20. PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION; HERBICIDES 3747 21. ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS 3921 22. BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 4121 23. ARTIFICIAL SYSTEMS 4183 24. EMERGING TECHNIQUES 4245 25. EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS 4385 Preface Photosynthesis is a process on which virtually all life on Earth depends. The scale and significance of photosynthesis are really enonnous: by converting solar energy to chemical energy accounting for about 3.2 x 1021 J per annum photosynthetic organisms provide ample food for the entire biosphere; the high concentration of molecular oxygen in the atmosphere, and thereby indirectly the ozone 'shield', result from photosynthesis; by fixing carbon dioxide to organic matter in amounts excess of 10 11 tons yearly photosynthesis has supplied us with fossil energy carriers; paradoxically, it must also play a key role in 'thennostating' our globe in the age when the emission of CO2 has increased largely to the combustion of these products. It is fascinating that most of these processes, the origins of which date back more than 3.5 billion years, in fact occur on a time scale between femtosecond and seconds. It is perhaps even more remarkable how these processes can depend so critically on some atomic details of molecular structures, or on the architecture of the photosynthetic membranes which at a microscopic level represent an incredibly high complexity and molecular organization. To answer the basic questions at all levels of complexity, from molecules to ecosystems, and to establish correlations and interactions between these levels, photosynthesis research (perhaps more than any other discipline in biology) requires a multidisciplinary approach. Congresses probably provide the only .forums where progress throughout the entire field can be overviewed. The Congress in Budapest, which brought together nearly 1300 scientists from all over the world, with interest in numerous aspects of science, probably dealt with all the recent major results and all the open questions of photosynthesis reasearch. The present publication contains the vast majority of papers by the plenary and symposium lecturers and poster contributors. The papers are arranged according to the topical symposia of the Congress. In order to facilitate finding all papers of potential interest, the book is supplemented with a key word index. This index is primarily based on a predefined list, but also contains additional expressions introduced by different authors. To facilitate browsing according to key words, authors and titles (or,any combinations of these entries), a search-table is provided on the following web sites: http://biophy.physx.uszeged.hu/photosyn.htm (home page of the Congress) http://www.wkap.nl (Kluwer Academic Publisher) On behalf of the Hungarian Organizing Committee, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to the leadership of the International Society of Photosynthesis Research, and in particular to Wolfgang Junge, for continuous interest and advice. My thanks are due to all members of the Program Committee, and especially Paul Mathis, for helping shape the scientific program. I am also extremely grateful to organizers of previous congresses and meetings (let me name only Norio Murata here) for sharing their experience with us so readily. I would like to express thanks on behalf of all Hungarian colleagues working in the field of photosynthesis research to our patrons, whose help was instrumental in bringing this most prestigous event into life in Hungary. I would further like to express my sincerest gratitude to all members of the Hungarian Organizing Committee for their hard work, and most warmly to Zsuzsanna Varkonyi, Gabor Horvath and Magdolna Droppa, for their strong dedication to ensuring the success of the the Congress. My final words of thanks go to my coworkers, and to Ms. Gyongyver Szalmane Katona in most particular, for helping me during the years of preparation.

September 1998

Gyozo Garab INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Wolfgang Junge (President), Donald R. Ort (Secretary), Norio Murata (Treasurer) Eva-Mari Aro, Robert E. Blankenship, Richard J. Cogdell, Arvi Freiberg, Susan Golden, Govindjee, Arnold J. Hoff, Aaron Kaplan, Vyacheslav V. Klimov, Anthony W.D. Larkum, Prasana Mohanty, Kimiyuki Satoh

PROGRAM COMMITTEE Gy6z6 Garab and Paul Mathis (Chairmen), Joseph A. Berry, Richard J. Cogdell, Susan Golden, Norio Murata, Barry C. Osmond, Mark Stitt

HUNGARIAN ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

EXECUTIVE BOARD Gy z Garab (Chairman), Gabor Horvath and Ferenc Lang (Vice-chairmen), Bela BMdi (Local organizations), Magdolna Droppa (Cultural programs), Peter Mar6ti (Electronic communication), Balazs Szalontai (Treasurer), Zoltan Szigeti (Exhibitions), lmre Vass (Satellite meetings), Zsuzsanna Varkonyi (Secretary), Janos Pusztai (Director: accommodation, social programs), Klara Papp, Magdolna Pusztai

Arpad Balogh, Borbala Bal6, Sandor Demeter, Judit Fidy, Zoltan Gombos, Endre Lehoczki, Gy6rgy Legrady, Ilona Meszaros, Laszl6 Mustardy, Arpad Nosticzius, Vince Ord6g, Emil Paldi, Elemer Papp, Eva Sarvari, Zoltan Tuba

SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD Arpad Balogh, Gyorgy Borbely, Bela Boddi, Sandor Demeter, Judit Fidy, Zoltan Gombos, Gabor Horvath, Ferenc Lang, Endre Lehoczki, Peter Mar6ti, Laszl6 Mustardy, Ferenc Nagy, Emil Paldi, Balazs Szalontai, Zoltan Szigeti, Zoltan Tuba, Imre Vass, Laszl6 Vfgh

PATRONS

Ferenc Glatz, President of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Jozsef Hamori, Minister of Culture and Hungarian Heredity Jozsef Torgyan, Minister of Agriculture and Regional Development Istvan Lang, Chairman of the Hungarian National Environment Council

Denes Dudits, Director-general, Biological Research Center, HAS, Szeged Peter Friedrich, President, Section of Biology, HAS Ferenc Kov;ics, President, Section of Agriculture, HAS

Domus Hungarica Scientarium et Artium - European Science Foundation, Program "Biophysics of Photosynthesis" Foundation for Photosynthesis, Hungary Foundation for Industry, Hungary Hungarian Biophysical Society Hungarian Society for Plant Physiology National Committee for Technological Development of Hungary UNESCO, Basic Sciences

Paul Mathis, Chairman, Xth International Congress on Photosynthesis COMMERCIAL EXHIBITORS

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Fluorescence Technology Instruments, Lucas-Cranach Weg 6 D-24568 Kaltenkirchen Germany CONTENTS TO VOLUME I

1. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF ANTENNA COMPLEXES. I. 1 Structure determination of antenna complexes using two-dimensional femtosecond electronic spectroscopies. Mukamel S., Zhang W.M., Chemyak V. 3 Ultrafast energy transfer from rhodopin glucoside in the light harvesting complexes of Rps. acidophila. Macpherson A.N., Arellano J.B., Fraser N.J., Cogdell R.J., Gillbro T. 9 Exciton delocalization in antenna complexes. Razjivin A., Leupold D., Novoderezhkin V. 15 Exciton relaxation and transfer in the antenna network of photosynthetic bacteria. Freiberg A., Timpmann K., Jackson J.A., Lin S., Woodbury N.W. 21 Which mechanism of excitation transfer works in antenna systems of photosynthetic bacteria among Forster, hot transfer, superexchange and exciton? Kakitani T., Kimura A. 25 Exciton delocalization in antenna complexes of purple and green bacteria as revealed by femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. Novoderezhkin V., Fetisova Z. 29 Red emission from LH2 at low temperature: where does it come from? Pullerits T., Polivka T., Chachisvilis M., Herek J.L., Sundstrom V. 33 Ultrafast carotenoid band shifts probe structure and dynamics in photosynthesis. Herek J.L., Polivka T., Pullerits T., Cogdell R.J., Hunter C.N., Sundstrom V. 37 Dielectric relaxation on a picosecond time-scale at 77K; a time-resolved Stark fluorescence study on the LH2 B800-820 complex of Rps. acidophila. Frese R.N., Gobets B., van Stokkum I.H.M., van Grondelle R., van Mourik F. 41 Polarized and colored photon echo measurements on the LH2 antenna of Rps. acidophila and Rs. molischianum. Salverda J.M., van Mourik F., van Stokkum I.H.M., Wendling M., van Grondelle R. 45 Low-intensity pump-probe measurements on the B800 band of Rhodospirillum molischianum. Wendling M., van Mourik F., van Stokkum I.H.M., Salverda J.M., Michel H., van Grondelle R. 49 Energy relaxation within the B850 absorption band of the LH2 complex from Rhodopseudomonas acidophila at 7 K. Vulto S.I.E., Kennis J.T.M., Streltsov A.M., Amesz J., Aartsma T.J. 53 xiv

Characterization of Behl a's in B873, B820 and B777 of light-harvesting complex 1 (LHl) from Rhodospirillum rubrum by magnetic circular dichroism. Kobayashi M., Umetsu M., Fathir I., Miyano S., Yoza K., Wang Z.-Y., NozawaT. 57 Spectral and photochemical properties of light-harvesting-complex II of purple bacteria treated with sodium borohydride. Ucker B., Fraser F., Cogdell R.J., Scheer H. 61 Up-hill energy transfer in LHl +LH2 purple bacteria. Trissl H.-W., Law CJ., Cogdell R.J. 65 Structural origin of high-800 peripheral antenna complexes. Sturgis J.N., Katsiou E., Tadros M., Robert B. 69 Altered bacteriochlorophyll associations in combinatorial mutants of the Rhodobacter capsulatus light harvesting 2 complex. Hu Q., Sturgis J.N., Robert B., Niederman R.A. 73 A study of the energetic properties of LH2 complexes from Rps. acidophila 10050 containing modified (bacterio) chlorin molecules. Fraser N., Herek J.L., Pullerits T., Polivka T., Sundstrom V., Ucker B., Katheder I., Scheer H., Dominy P., Cogdell R.J. 77 Pigment exchange strategy towards the investigations of energy transfer in bacterial LHl complex. Fiedor L., Hunter N.C., Scheer H. 81 Structure and function studies of the LHl (B880) antenna complex of the purple bacterium Rhodobium marinum. Law C.J., Cogdell R.J. 85 The size of the LHl antenna of purple bacteria. Kramer H., Francke C., Hunter C.N., Amesz J. 89 Molecular assembly ofbacteriochlorophylls by light-harvesting model polypeptides. Nango M., Kashiwada A., Watanabe H., Yamada S., Tanaka T. 93 Generation of triplet and cation-radical bacteriochlorophyll a in carotenoidless LHl and LH2 complexes from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Limantara L., Fujii R., Zhang J.P., Kakuno T., Hara H., Kawamori A., Yagura T., Cogdell R.J., Koyama Y. 97 Structure and function of chlorosomes of Chlorobium limicola UdG 6040 containing both BChl c and BChl d. Steensgaard D.B., van Walree C.A., Bafieras L., Borrego C.M., Garcia-Gil J., Holzwarth A.R. 101 Selective extraction of proteins from Chlorobium tepidum chlorosomes. Vassilieva E.V., Bryant D.A. 105 xv

Electron magnetic resonance of the chlorosomes from green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum. Carbonera D., Giacometti G., Vannini C., Gerola P.D., Vianelli A., Maniero A.L., Brunel L.C. 109 Stacking of macrocycles in bacteriochlorophyll c aggregates and in chlorosomes. Mizoguchi T., Koyama Y. 113 Evidence from solid state NMR correlation spectroscopy for two interstack arrangements in the chlorosome antenna system. van Rossum B.-J., van Duyl B.Y., Steensgaard D.B., Balaban T.S., Holzwarth A.R., Schaffner K., de Groot H.J .M. 117 Polarized light spectroscopy of the green bacteria. Fr~ckowiak D., Dudkowiak A., Martyn.ski T., Malak H., Gryczynski I., Zelent B., Ptak A., Planner A., Miyake J. 121 Low temperature fluorescence spectroscopy studies of the chlorosomal antenna of the green bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus. Mauring K., Novoderezhkin V., Zaberezhnaya S., Fetisova Z. 125 Circular dichroism spectroscopy as a test for the chlorosome antenna structure. Dracheva T., Taisova A., Fetisova Z. 129 Self-assembly of synthetic zinc chlorins in aqueous microheterogeneous media: structural and functional models for chlorosomes. Miyatake T., Tamiaki H., Holzwarth A.R., Schaffner K. 133 Effects of homologs for aggregation of bacteriochlorophyll c and bacteriochlorophyll d in chlorosomes of green sulfur bacteria. Ishii T., Kamigakiuchi F., Uehara K. 137 Self-aggregates of synthetic zinc 20-substituted chlorins as models for chlorosomal photosynthetic antennae. Tamiaki H., Tsudzuki S., Nagata Y., Kureishi Y. 141 Self-aggregates of synthetic bacteriochlorophyll-f derivatives. Tamiaki H., Kubo M. 145 The role of bacteriochlorophyll e and carotenoids in light harvesting in brown- colored green sulfur bacteria. Cox R.P., Miller M., Aschenbriicker J., Ma Y.-Z., Gillbro T. 149 Redox- and pump intensity dependence of energy transfer in chlorosomes of Cb. phaeobacteroides. Aschenbriicker J., Ma Y.-Z., Miller M., Gillbro T. 153 Quenching of energy transfer in chlorosomes from Chloroflexus by the addition of synthetic quinones. Tokita S., Frigaard N.-U., Hirota M., Shimada K., Matsuura K. 157 Alkali treatment of green bacterial chlorosomes. Sakuragi Y., Frigaard N.-U., Steensgaard D.B., Matsuura K., Cox R.P., Miller M. 161 xvi

Adaptation of the photosynthetic antenna of Behl d-containing bacteria to low light intensities. Gich F., Borrego C.M., Martinez-Planells A., Garcia-Gil L.J. 165 Effects of growth condition changes on the photosynthetic pigment systems for green sulfur bacteria. A study on the constituent of the photosynthetic pigment in chlorosome. Ishii T., Nagano Y., Kimura M., Uehara K. 169 Changes in the antenna composition of Chlorobium limicola growing in continuous culture. Bafieras L., Borrego C.M., Garcia-Gil L.J. 173 Light-dependent morphological and physiological changes in Prosthecochloris aestuarii. Guyoneaud R., Martinez-Planells A., Buitenhuis E.T., Borrego C.M., Garcia- Gil L.J. 177 Low temperature excitation transfer in the FMO complex. Simulations. Iseri E.I., Giilen D. 181 Accumulated photon echo studies on 3FMO-RCC and RCC from Prosthecochloris aestuarii. Nowak F.R., Louwe R.J.W., Schmidt K.A., Permentier H.P., Aartsma T.J. 185 Time-resolved spectra of the FMO-complex of green sulfur bacteria: simulations and experiments. Vulto S.I.E., Neerken S., de Baat M.A., Louwe R.J.W., Miller M., Amesz J., Aartsma T.J. 189 Functional meaning of the symmetry structure in phycobiliprotein aggregates. Kikuchi H., Wako H., Go M., Mimuro M. 193 Energetic uncoupling and dissociation of cyanobacterial antenna by low phosphate concentration or low temperature. Leal V.G., dos Santos C.P., Chaloub R.M. 197 Coupling of phycobilisomes to reaction centres in cyanobacteria. Mullineaux C.W., Ashby M.K., Emlyn-Jones D. 201 Molecular analysis of factors involved in energy transfer from phycobilisomes to photosystems I and II in a cyanobacterium. Ashby M.K., Mullineaux C.W. 205 The state transitions and their possible mechanisms of sporophytes and gametophytes of Porphyra yezoensis. Peng G.-H., Mi H.-L., Jie P., Shi D.-J., Shen Y.-K., Chen J.-X., Zhang H.-X., Tseng C.K. 209 State transitions in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC 7942. Mobile antenna or spillover? Koblizek M., Komenda J., Masojidek J. 213 xvii

The structure of the biliprotein aggregates of the Chl d-containing prokaryote Acaryochloris marina. Marquardt J., Hu Q., Iwasaki I., Miyashita H., Kurano N., Miyachi S., Morschel E. 217 Localization and function of phycobiliproteins in a chlorophyll aid containing oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryote, Acaryochloris marina. Hu Q., Marquardt J., Iwasaki I., Miyashita H., Kurano N., Marschel E., Miyachi S. 221

Characterization ofphycoerythrin genes in the chlorophyll a/b2-containing prokaryote, Prochlorococcus sp. MIT9303. Ting C., Rocap G., King J., Chisholm S.W. 225 Gloeobacter violaceus - investigation of carotenoids and carotenoid associated proteins. Jostingmeyer P., Koenig F. 229 Gloeobacter violaceus - further investigation of an unusual photosynthetic apparatus. Pigment changes in response to changes in light quality. Koenig F., Jostingmeyer P., Mangels D. 233

2. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF ANTENNA COMPLEXES. II. 237 Relatedness of caroteno-chlorophyll antenna complexes in algae and plants. Gantt E., Cunningham F.X., Grabowski Jr. B., Tan S. 239 Solutions to the light-harvesting problem: mix, match and duplicate. Green B.R. 247 Mutation analysis of either protein or chromophore moieties in higher plants light harvesting proteins. Crimi M., Croce R., Sandona D., Varotto C., Simonetto R., Bassi R. 253 Spectroscopic characterization of reconstituted LHCII which contains mainly chi b and xanthophylls. Kleima F.J., Hobe S., Calkoen F., Urbanus M.L., Peterman E.J.G., van Grondelle R., Paulsen H., van Amerongen H. 259 Carotenoid-induced electronic relaxation of the first excited state of antenna chlorophylls. Naqvi K.R. 265 Photosystem 1 red spectral forms: diffusion limited energy transfer, optical reorganisation energy and absorption cross section. Jennings R.C., Croce R., Dorra D., Garlaschi F.M., Holzwarth A.R., Rivadossi A., Zucchelli G. 271 Ultrafast absorption changes of the LHCII carotenoids upon selective excitation of the chlorophylls. Gradinaru C.C., van Stokkum 1.H.M., van Grondelle R., van Amerongen H. 277 xviii

Excited state mixing effects in transient absorption spectra of the photosynthetic light-harvesting complex II. Valkunas L., Cervinskas V., Trinkunas G., Miiller M.G., Holzwarth A.R. 281 Functional and spectral assignment of chlorophylls in the light harvesting complex II of higher plants. Trinkunas G., Miiller M.G., Martin I., Valkunas L., Holzwarth A.R. 285 Studies on the PSII particles and core complexes using femtosecond absorption spectroscopy. Chen Y.-D., Hou J.-M., Yang K.-Y., Li L.-B., Kuang T.-Y., Chen J.-X., Zhang Q.-Y., Zhang X.-K. 289 Direct resolution of spectral fine-structure and ultrafast exciton dynamics in light harvesting complex II by non-linear polarization spectroscopy in the frequency domain. Lokstein H., Schubert A., Voigt B., Leupold D. 293 Topographical studies on the LHC II from spinach by chemical crosslinking. Miao J., Salnikow J., Franke P., Yater J., Renger G., Irrgang K.-D. 297 Structural characterization of megacomplexes of photosystem II and LHCII of grana membranes. Dekker J.P., van Roon H., Boekema E.J. 301 Refined analysis of supercomplexes of photosystem II and LHCII of grana membranes from spinach. Boekema E.J., van Roon H., Dekker J.P. 305 Light gradient photovoltage in spherical photosynthetic vesicles. Dobek A., Leibl W., Gapinski J., Breton J., Paillotin G. 309 Spectral analysis of LHC II antenna complex by means of photobleaching. Krawczyk S. 313 Circular polarization of luminescence correlates with circular dichroism at varied structural organization of grana in pea chloroplasts. Gussakovsky E.E., Barzda V., van Amerongen H., van Grondelle R., Shahak Y. 317 Electro-optical investigation of LHC II macroaggregates. Dobrikova A., Simidjiev I., Garab G., Petkanchin I., Taneva S.G. 321 Thermal stability and conformational properties of lamellar macroaggregates of LHCII. Taneva S.G., Simidjiev I., Garab G., Muga A. 325 Mg2+-induced LHC II aggregation kinetics and its migration in thylakoid membrane. Lin S.-Q., Wen X.-G., Kuang T.-Y. 329 Zeaxanthin-induced fluorescence quenching in the minor antenna CP29. Crimi M., Dorra D., Bosinger C.S., Giuffra E., Bassi R., Holzwarth A.R. 333 XIX

Reversible light-induced fluorescence quenching - an inherent property of LHCII. Barzda V., Vengris M., Calkoen F., van Grondelle R., van Amerongen H. 337 Light-induced ion movements in thylakoid membranes and isolated LHCII. Garab G., Istokovics A., Butiuc A., Simidjiev I., Der A. 341 Model calculations on the mechanism of the light-induced structural changes in lamellar aggregates of LHCII. Cseh Z., Papp E., Garab G. 345 Nature of irreversible structural changes induced by intense light in thylakoids. Small angle X-ray and neutron scattering of magnetically aligned chloroplasts. Javorfi T., Amenitsch H., Laggner P., Cseh Z., Mustardy L., Borbely S., Rosta L., Garab G. 349 Isolation and characterization of a novel xanthophyll-rich pigment-protein complex from spinach. Gomez S.M., Park J.J., Zhu J., Whitelegge J.P., Thomber J.P. 353 Crystallization oflight-harvesting complex II from Viciafaba (Fabaceae). Nickel R., Hartmann K., Wild A. 357 Chlorophyll exchange on reconstituted LHCII: chlorophyll a is essential for trimerisation. Rogl H., Lamborghini M., Kiihlbrandt W. 361 Kinetic studies of the assembly of plant light harvesting complex II. Jegerschold C., Petrovic A., Khoo B.J., Reinsberg D., Paulsen H., Booth P.J. 365 Identification and role of the lipid binding site on light-harvesting complex II. Stys D., Veverka V., Motejl M., Hrabal R. 369 Characterization of photosystem II antenna complexes separated by non- denaturing isoelectric focusing. Jackowski G., Jansson S. 373 Domain-specific random mutagenesis in light harvesting chlorophyll alb protein (LHCII). Heinemann B., Paulsen H. 377 Cloning and characterization of a cDNA for algal homologue of CP26 in the light• harvesting complex II of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Minagawa J., Han K.-C., Dohmae N., Takio K., Inoue Y. 381 A complex gene encoding a dinoflagellate light-harvesting protein. Hiller R.G., Wrench P.M., Sharples F.P. 385 Non-structural putative chlorophyll-binding proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana. Heddad M., Adamska I. 389 Light-induced quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence at 77 Kin thylakoids and whole leaves. Siffel P., Hunalova I., Rohacek K. 393 xx

Membrane protein phosphorylation leads to the structural alterations in maize mesophyll chloroplasts. Kufryk G.I., Kochubey S.M. 397 Differences in characteristics of photosystem I and II complexes from various regions of thylakoid membranes. Kochubey S.M., Komyeyev D.Yu., Shevchenko O.V. 401 Energy equilibration in the antenna of photosystem I from cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Melkozemov A.N., Lin S., Blankenship R.E. 405 Spectral properties of long-wavelength chlorophylls in barley photosystem I depend on intimate interaction between Lhcal, Lhca4 and the reaction centre. Bossmann B., Grimme L.H., Knoetzel J. 409 In vitro reconstitution of barley Lhcal and Lhca4, the proteins of photosystem I antenna subcomplex LHCI-730. Klimmek F., Grimme L.H., Knoetzel J. 413 Long wavelength absorption forms in Spirulina. PSI trimers. Garlaschi F.M., Karapetyan N.V., Cornetta A., Zucchelli G., Jennings R.C. 417 The light-harvesting complex of photosystem I: pigment composition and stoichiometry. Croce R., Bassi R. 421 Ligand requirement for LHC I reconstitution. . Schmid V., Beutelmann P., Schmidt G.W., Paulsen H. 425 Accumulation of LHCI in Picea and maize seedlings greened under different conditions. Nyitrai P., Sarvari E., Laday M., Lang F. 429 Spectral changes of chlorophyll fluorescence during linear heating of barley leaves. Fiala J., Ilik P., Skotnica J., Naus J. 433 Heterogeneity of chlorophyll d-binding photosystem I reaction centers from the photosynthetic prokaryote Acaryochloris marina.. Hu Q., Ishikawa T., Inoue Y., Iwasaki I., Miyashita H., Kurano N., Miyachi S., Iwaki M., ltoh S., Marquardt J., Marschel E. 437 Peridinin chlorophyll protein: structure and dynamics related. Kleima F.J., Hofmann E., Gobets B., van Stokkum I.H.M., van Grondelle R., van Amerongen H. 441 Low-temperature protein dynamics in purple bacteria and green plants studied by time-resolved hole-burning. Creemers T.M.H., den Hartog F.T.H., Storkel U., Volker S. 445 Forster overlap integral for chlorophyll a in a protein matrix. Zucchelli G., Cremonesi 0., Garlaschi F.M., Jennings R.C. 449 xxi

MAS NMR dipolar correlation spectroscopy of partially deuterated Be-labelled chlorophyll a. . Schulten E.A.M., van Rossum B.-J., Ashurst J., Oschkinat H., Raap J., de Groot H.J.M. 453 Characterisation of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b monomers in various solvent environments with ultrafast spectroscopy. Martinsson P., Oksanen J.A.I., Hilgendorff M., Afcesson E., Hynninen P., Sundstrom V. 457 Interaction of photosynthetic pigments with various organic solvents as revealed from magnetic circular dichroism measurements. Umetsu M., Wang Z.-Y., Kobayashi M., Nozawa T. 461 Molecular requirements of chlorophylls for the antenna function of their self- assembled forms. Oba T., Tamiaki H. 465 Determination of the aggregate size in chlorophyll a oligomers by non-linear absorption spectroscopy on the ps and fs timescale. Schubert A., Krikunova M.A., Stiel H., Ehlert J., Leupold D., Lokstein H. 469

The effect of solvent on the lifetime of the lowest excited singlet S1 (21Ag) state of spheroidene. Frank H.A., Bautista J.A., Gosztola D., Wasielewski M.R. 473 Quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence by carotenoids in a micellar model system. A vital S., Malkin S. 477 Quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence by ~-carotene. Gazdaru D.M., Iorga B., Balan P.F. 483 Light-harvesting and photoprotection by carotenoids: structure-based calculations for photosynthetic antenna systems. Ritz T., Damjanovic A., Schulten K. 487 Triplet-triplet absorption spectra and extinction coefficients of lutein, neoxanthin and violaxanthin. Jhutti C.S., Javorfi T., Merzlyak M.N., Naqvi K.R. 491

3. REACTION CENTERS. I. GREEN-SULFUR AND HELIOBACTERIA; PHOTOSYSTEM I 495 Structure-function relationships and excitation dynamics in photosystem 1. Holzwarth A.R., Dorra D., Miiller M.G., Karapetyan N.V. 497 Transfer-to-the-trap limited model of energy transfer in photosystem 1. Gobets B., Dekker J.P., van Grondelle R. 503 Structural information on components of the electron transfer chain in photosystem I from time-resolved EPR spectroscopy. Bittl R., Zech S.G., Teutloff C., Krabben L., Lubitz W. 509 xxii

Mutational analysis of photosystem I. Function of phylloquinones. Reategui R., Johnson W., Xu W., Zybailov B., Vassiliev I.R., Shen G., Golbeck J.H., Chitnis P.R. 515 New types of reaction centers using chlorophyll d and Zn-bacteriochlorophyll a. Itoh S., Iwaki M., Hu Q., Miyashita H., Iwasaki I., Kurano N., Miyachi S., Kobayashi M., Shimada K. 521 Reaction centre complexes of green sulfur bacteria. Pennentier H.P., Schmidt K.A., Francke C., Neerken S., Hager-Braun C., AmeszJ. 527 Evidence for the association of three FMO subunits per reaction center of Chlorobium tepidum by scanning transmission electron microscopy. Remigy H., Fotiadis D., Hauska G., Wolpensinger B., Muller S.A., Engel A., Tsiotis G. 531 Excitation energy transfer and trapping dynamics in the FMO containing reaction center complex of Chlorobium tepidum. Ma Y.-Z., Miller M., Gillbro T. 535 Relaxation and trapping in reaction centers of the green sulfur bacterium Prosthecochloris aestuarii. Neerken S., Pennentier H.P., Aschenbriicker J., Ma Y.-Z., Francke C., Schmidt K.A., Gillbro T., Aartsma T.J., Amesz J. 539 Electron transfer in reaction centers from green sulfur bacteria. Schmidt K.A., Pennentier H.P., de Wijn R., Neerken S., Franken E.M., Francke C., Hager-Braun C., Aartsma T.J., Amesz J. 543 Forward electron transfer in Chlorobium reaction centres studied by transient EPR. van der Est A., Scheller H., Hager-Braun C., Hauska G., Stehlik D. 547 A comparison of the quinone binding sites in photosystem I and purple bacteria. van der Est A., Kamlowski A., Altenberg-Greulich B., Stehlik D. 551 Occurrence and function of quinones in the reaction center of Chlorobium tepidum. Hager-Braun C., Frigaard N.-U., Pennentier H.P., Schmidt K.A., Hauska G., Amesz J., Miller M. 555 Studies of the protein binding pocket for naphthoquinones in type I (ferredoxin• reducing) reaction centres. Heathcote P., Rigby S.E.J., Muhiuddin I.P., Leech H., Evans M.C.W., Amesz J., Thurnauer M. 559 Activities and kinetics of electron transfer in a reaction center complex from the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum. Seo D., Kusumoto N., Sakurai H., Brettel K., Setif P. 563 xxiii

Excitation energy transfer and trapping in PS I: fluorescence induction and picosecond fluorescence kinetics. Byrdin M., Rimke I., Flemming C., Schlodder E., Roelofs T.A. 567 Time-resolved fluorescence measurements of photosystem 1 from Synechocystis PCC6803 Gobets B., van Stokkum I.H.M., van Mourilc F., Rogner M., Kruip J., Dekker J.P., van Grondelle R. 571 Excitation wavelength dependence of the excitation transfer in photosystem I reaction center with reduced number of antenna chlorophylls. Kumazaki S., Furusawa H., Yoshihara K., lkegami I. 575 Oligomeric assembly and biogenesis of cyanobacterial photosystem I. Kruip J., Karapetyan N.V., Berry S., Rogner M. 579 Origin of the extreme longwave chlorophyll form of the photosystem I trimeric complex of Spirulina. Karapetyan N.V., Dorra D., Holzwarth A.R., Kruip J., Rogner M. 583 Fluorescence kinetics of photosystem I: multiple fluorescence components. Dorra D., Fromme P., Karapetyan N.V., Holzwarth A.R. 587 A survey of conserved histidines in the photosystem 1 core: methodology and analysis of the psab-H656L mutant. Redding K., MacMillan F., Leibl W., Brettel K., Rutherford A.W., Breton J., Rochaix J.-D. 591 Effect of PsaB-His656~Leu mutation on optical and infrared difference spectra of P700 photooxidation. Leibl W., Brettel K., Nabedryk E., Breton J., Rochaix J.-D., Redding K. 595 Molecular dissection of photosystem I by atomic force microscopy. Fotiadis D., Muller D.J., Hasler L., Tsiotis G., Engel A. 599 New structural details of photosystem I at 4 A resolution. Klukas 0., Jordan P., Schubert W.-D., KrauB N., Fromme P., Witt H.T., Saenger W. 603 A comparative study of A 1-· in PS I from cyanobacteria, green plants and algae using EPR and ENDOR spectroscopy. Teutloff C., MacMillan F., Bittl R., Lendzian F., Lubitz W. 606 Electron transfer from acceptor A 1 to the iron-sulfur clusters in photosystem I measured with a time resolution of 2 ns. Brettel K. 611 Photosystem I function and assembly in tobacco chloroplast mutants. Austin J., Backhaus R., Webber A.N. 615 Characterization of photosystem I reaction center complex reconstituted into phosphatidylcholine liposomes; effect of proteolytic enzymes on the reaction center proteins. Sasaki T., Karasawa S., Tsuchiya H., Kodani T., Hoshina S. 619 xxiv

P700 is present in a photoactive state in a white mutant of Chlorella kessleri. Ikegami L, Kamiya A. 623 Characterisation of transgenic Arabidopsis plants lacking the PSI-N subunit of photosystem L Haldrup A., Naver H., Scheller H.V. 627 The functional antenna size of the photosystem I complex is unaffected in transgenic Arabidopsis lacking PSI-H. Naver H., Haldrup A., Gilpin M., Scheller H.V. 631 Overexpression and down regulation of PSI-G and PSI-E in transgenic barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Jensen A.-M., Gilpin M.J., Nielsen H.L., Scheller H.V., M0ller B.L. 635 The formylamino group of antimycin is essential in specifically inhibiting cyclic electron transport. Teicher H.B., Motawia M.S., Scheller H.V. 639 Site directed and suppressor mutations of Fx ligands in PsaB of photosystem I in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Zeng M., Sagi I., Evans M.C.W., Nelson N., Carmeli C. 643 Mutations in the phylloquinone biosynthetic pathway: a foreign quinone is recruited into the A1 binding site after inactivation of the menA and menB genes in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Zybailov B.L., Shen G., Vassiliev LR., Bryant D.A., Reategui R., Johnson W., Xu W., Chitnis P.R., GolbeckJ.H. 647

Electron transfer from the PsaC F /F8 -clusters to external acceptors studied by electrometry. Mamedova A.A., Gourovskaya K.N., Mamedov M.D., Vassiliev LR., Golbeck J.H., Semenov A.Yu. 651 Electron transfer and redox equilibrium between the iron-sulfur clusters in PS I: Fa is the terminal acceptor. Vassiliev LR., Shinkarev V.P., Golbeck J.H. 655 Chemical rescue of site-modified ligands to the iron-sulfur clusters of PsaC in photosystem I. Antonkine M.L., Falzone C., Hansen A., Yang F., Golbeck J.H. 659 Charge recombination between the reduced iron-sulphur clusters and noo+ Jordan R., Nessau U., Schlodder E. 663 Effect of pyrophosphate on the ferredoxin:NADp+ oxidoreductase activity in vitro. Bojko M., Wi~ckowski S. 667

Keyword Index xxv

Author Index xiv CONTENTS TO VOLUME II

4. REACTION CENTERS. II. PuRPLE BACTERIA AND PHOTOSYSTEM II 671 The structure of the Rhodopseudomonas viridis reaction centre - an overview and recent advances. Lancaster R.C.D. 673 Coherent nuclear motions in reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides upon 30-femtosecond excitation. Streltsov A.M., Vulto S.I.E., Shkuropatov A.Ya., Hoff A.J., Aartsma T.J., Shuvalov V.A. 679 Electrostatic influence of QA or QB reduction on the lOa-ester C=O vibration of HA in Rp. viridis. Breton J., Bibikova M., Oesterhelt D., Nabedryk E. 687 Functional linkage between the QA and QB sites of photosynthetic reaction centers. Wraight C.A. 693 Crystallographic analysis of the mutant reaction center Ml 97 (FY) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Kuglstatter A., Fritzsch G., Michel H. 699 Free energy functions for charge separation in wild-type and mutant bacterial reaction centers. Parson W.W., Chu Z.T., Warshel A. 703 Polarization model of energy trapping in photosynthesis. Borisov A.Yu., Fok M.V. 707 Charge separation in photosynthetic reaction centers. Ivashin N., Kiillebring B., Larsson S., Hansson 6. 711 A high-field/high-frequency EPR characterisation of the primary donor (P+") in bacterial and plant photosynthetic reaction centres. MacMillan F., Rohrer M., Krzystek J., Brunel L-C., Rutherford A.W. 715 Matrix elements play a significant role in asymmetric electron transfer in bacterial reaction centers. Kolbasov D., Scherz A. 719 Formation of charge separated state on the inactive side of the R-26 reaction center using high intensity excitation. Lin S., Jackson J., Taguchi A.K.W., Woodbury N.W. 723 The theoretical investigation of the electronic structure of the primary electron donor in Rhodopseudomonas viridis. Zhang X., Zhang C., Zhang X.-K., Li L.-B., Kuang T.-Y., Li C.-C., Zhang Q.- ~ 7V viii

Acidiphilium rubrum and zinc-bacteriochlorophyll. Part 1: molecular structure of the zinc-containing bacteriochlorophyll. Akiyama M., Kobayashi M., Kise H., Takaichi S., Watanabe T., Shimada K., lwaki M., ltoh S., Ishida N., Koizumi M., Kano H., Wakao N., Hiraishi A. 731 Acidiphilum rubrum and zinc-bacteriochlorophyll. Part 2: physicochemical comparison of zinc-type chlrophylls and other metallochlorophylls. Kobayashi M., Akiyama M., Yamamura M., Kise H., Ishida N., Koizumi M., Kano H., Watanabe T. 735 Acidiphilum rubrum and zinc-bacteriochlorophyll. Part 3: high resistance of zinc• bacteriochlorophyll a to acid. Yamamura M., Kobayashi M., Inoue K., Hara M., Wakao N., Kano H., Watanabe T., Akiyama M., Kise H. 739 The oxidation behaviour of bacteriochlorophyll a in purple bacterial reaction centers and antenna complexes. Kropacheva T.N., Hoff A.J. 743 Spectroscopic characterization of two new reaction center mutants of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. de Boer A.L., Neerken S., Pennentier H.P., Vijgenboom E., Gast P., Aartsma T.J., Hoff A.J. 747 Optically detected magnetic field effects on bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers measured with Rota-MARY spectroscopy. Meray N., van Dijk B., Carpenter J.K.H., Hore P.J., Hoff A.J. 751 Photosynthetic RCs of Rb. sphaeroides R26 with uniformly 13c, 15N labelled bacteriopheophytin monitored with FTIR and solid state MAS NMR. Egorova-Zachemyuk T.A., Remy A., Shkuropatov A.Ya., Gast P., Hoff A.J., Gerwert K., de Groot H.J.M. 755 15N MAS NMR spectroscopy of [n-15N] and ['t-15N] histidine labelled bacterial photosynthetic reaction centres. Soede-Huijbregts C., Cappon J.J., Boender G.J., Raap J., Gast P., Hoff A.J., Lugtenburg J., de Groot H.J.M. 759 Pigment-protein interactions in reaction centers of Rhodopseudomonas viridis: ENDOR-study of the oxidized primary donor in site-directed mutants. Miih F., Bibikova M., Lendzian F., Oesterhelt D., Lubitz W. 763 Investigation of Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction center mutants with changed ligands to the primary donor. Schulz C., Miih F., Beyer A., Jordan R., Schlodder E., Lubitz W. 767 High pressure studies of primary electron transfer in bacterial reaction centres. Timpmann K., Ellervee A., Laisaar A., Jones M.R., Freiberg A. 771 Three-pulse photon echo measurements on the accessory pigments in the reaction center of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Groot M.-L., Yu J.-Y., Agarwal R., Norris J.R., Fleming G.R. 775 ix

The protein's role in triplet energy transfer in bacterial reaction centers. Laible P.O., Hanson D.K., Thurnauer M.C., Schiffer M. 779 The energy level ofYBA- in plant pheophytin-exchanged bacterial reaction centers probed by the temperature dependence of delayed fluorescence. Nowak F.R., Kennis J.T.M., Franken E.M., Shkuropatov A.Ya., Yakovlev A., Gast P., Hoff A.J., Aartsma T.J., Shuvalov V.A. 783 Changes in low-frequency vibrational modes induced by point-mutations in the protein-cofactor matrix of bacterial reaction centers. Rischel C., Spiedel D., Ridge J.P., Jones M.R., Breton J., Lambry J.-C., Martin J.-L., Vos M.H. 787 Time-resolved, light-induced conformational changes in R. sphaeroides reaction centers. Andreasson U., Andreasson L.-E. 791 Effect of dielectric relaxation on the kinetics of electron transfer in photosynthetic reaction centers. Cherepanov D.A., Mulkidjanian A.Y. 795 Mode of RC operation: a new insight into fast/slow processes interplay. Christophorov L.N. 799 Theoretical modeling of slow structural dynamics and electron transfer in bacterial reaction centers. Kharkyanen V.N. 803 Physical modeling of slow relaxation kinetics of the light-adapted photosynthetic bacterial RCs. Kapoustina M.T., Goushcha A.O., Kharkyanen V.N. 807 Temperature dependence of absorbance hysteresis in reaction centers from purple bacteria Rb. sphaeroides. Goushcha A.O., Scott G.W., Barabash Yu., Kharkyanen V.N. 811 Effects of the hydrogen bond network on the primary steps of photosynthesis in the RC from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Paschenko V.Z., Knox P.P., Rubin A.B. 815 On the relationship between structural and dynamic properties in purple bacteria reaction centers and stabilization of photomobilized electron on quinone acceptors. Knox P.P., Churbanova I.Yu., Paschenko V Z. 821 Electron spin polarisation in quinone reconstituted photosynthetic reaction centers of Rb. sphaeroides R26. Hulsebosch R.J., Borovykh I.V., Gast P., Hoff A.J. 825 Temperature dependence of the direct charge recombination from Qa- to o+ in bacterial reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Labahn A., Schmid R., Okamura M.Y., Feher G.. 829 X

Sterle and electrostatic effects on the stabilization of the secondary quinone in reaction centers. Rinyu L., Meray N., Tandori J., Pfeiffer I., Mar6ti P., Nagy L. 833 Comparison of energetics of P*QA ~P+QA- and P*QB~P+QB- charge separation by detection of delayed fluorescence of the bacteriochlorophyll dimer in reaction centers of Rb. sphaeroides. Turz6 K., Laczk:6 G., Filus Z., Mar6ti P. 837 Reexamination of primary pair recombination kinetics in purple bacteria with QA reduced. Gibasiewicz K., Brettel K., Dobek A., Leibl W. 841 Protonation of carboxylic acid groups in Rb. sphaeroides reaction centers upon QB reduction: effect of interchanging Glu and Asp at the L213 and L212 sites. Nabedryk E., Breton J., Okamura M.Y., Paddock M.L. 845 Formation of p+QB - via B-branch electron transfer in mutant reaction centers. Laible P.D., Kirmaier C., Holten D., Tiede D.M., Schiffer M., Hanson D.K. 849 Environmental control of the redox potential of QA in Rb. sphaeroides reaction M265 centers: polar replacement of Ile causes marked changes in QA and QB function. Takahashi E., Wells T.A., Wraight C.A. 853 Fluorescent probe for the QB-binding site. Trotta M. 857 Three clusters of firmly bound waters in the reaction centre of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Fritzsch G., Kampmann L., Kapaun G., Michel H. 861 Proton uptake and electron transfer in reaction centers from Rb. sphaeroides modified in the proximity of a water chain. Tandori J., Sebban P., Michel H., Baciou L. 865 Proton transfer from the bulk to the secondary quinone acceptor in chromatophores of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Gopta O.A., Cherepanov D.A., Junge W., Mulkidjanian A.Y. 869 The concentration effect of pH-buffers on the kinetics of~ protonation in Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction center. Gopta O.A., Semenov A.Yu., Bloch D.A. 873 The influence of quinone structure on quinone binding to the QA site in bacterial reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Schmid R., Labahn A. 877 Synthesis and NMR spectroscopy of labeled ubiquinones in photosynthesis studies. Boers R.B., Gast P., Hoff A.J., de Groot H.J.M., Lugtenburg J. 881 Kinetics of charge recombination in bacterial reaction centers incorporated into liposomes. Palazzo G., Giustini M., Mallardi A., Ambrosone L., Venturoli G. 885 xi

Thermodynamic parameters of quinone binding to bacterial reaction centers in reverse micelles. Mallardi A., Giustini M., Angelico R., Palazzo G. 889 Lipids affect the charge stabilization in wild type and mutant reaction centers of photosynthetic bacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Gedey Sz., Kecskes A., Fodor E., Farkas T., Nagy L. 893 The natural defection of two hemes in the tetraheme cytochrome subunit bound to the photosynthetic reaction center complex in purple bacterium Rhodovulum sulfidophilum. Yoshida M., Masuda S., Nagashima K.V.P., Shimada K., Matsuura K. 897 Docking site for soluble electron carriers on the tetraheme cytochrome subunit bound to the bacterial photosynthetic reaction center. Osyczka A., Nagashima K.V.P., Sogabe S., Miki K., Yoshida M., Shimada K., Matsuura K. 901 Site-directed mutagenesis of the cytochrome subunit in the photosynthetic reaction center from Rps. viridis. Chen I., Michel H; 905 Reaction center complex based on Zn-bacteriochlorophyll from Acidiphilium rubrum. Shimada K., ltoh S., Iwaki M., Nagashima K.V.P., Matsuura K., Kobayashi M., WakaoN. 909 Three-dimensional structure of photosystem-II determined by electron microscopy of two-dimensional crystals. Kiihlbrandt W., Rhee K.-H., Morris E.P., Barber J. 913 A multifaceted approach for elucidating the structure of photosystem II. Barber J. 919 Characterization of single crystals of photosystem II from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus. Zouni A., Liineberg C., Fromme P., Schubert W.D., Saenger W., Witt H.T. 925 The three-dimensional structure of a photosystem II subcore complex determined by electron crystallography. Nakazato K., Mayanagi K., Ishikawa T., Toyoshima C., Inoue Y. 929 Rapid isolation and characterization of His-tagged PS II core complex from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Sugiura M., Minagawa J., Inoue Y. 933 Structural analysis of photosystem II dimer by three-dimensional electron microscopy. Ishikawa T., Shen J.-R., Mayanagi K., Nakazato K., Inoue Y. 937 Possible functional differences between dimer and monomer of photosystem II complex. Shen J.-R. 941 xii

Crystallization of the reaction center of photosystem Il. AdirN. 945 Analysis of the photosystem II reaction centers using scanning transmission electron miroscopy. Tsiotis G., Psylakakis M., Wolpensinger B., Engel A., Ghanotakis D. 949 Isolation and characterisation of photosystem Il complexes for crystallisation. Biichel C., Morris E.P., Barber J. 953 Cryoelectron microscopy of photosystem two shows that CP43 and CP47 are located on opposite sides of the D1/D2 reaction center proteins. Hankamer B., Morris E.P., Barber J. 957 Application of mass spectrometry to characterise post-translational modifications · of PSil proteins. Franco E., Lindo V., Morris H.R., Barber J. 961 Direct isolation of a highly active PSil-LHCil supercomplex from spinach thylakoid membranes. Eshaghi S., Barber J., Andersson B. 965 Purification of oxygen evolving PSil complexes from Synechococcus elongatus for electron crystallography. da Fonseca P ., Maghlaoui K., Hankamer B., Biichel C., Barber.J. 969 Isolation and characterisation of oxygen evolving photosystem Il core complexes from spinach in the presence of glycine betaine. Catucci L., Domer W., Nield J., Hankamer B., Vass I., Barber J. 973 Structural analysis of the water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase -from spinach thylakoids. . Irrgang K.-D., Lekauskas A., Franke P., Reifarth F., Smolian H.; Karge M., Renger G. 977 Functions of chloroplast-encoded small subunits of photosystem Il, Psbl, PsbK and PsbT, in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Ohnishi N., Nitta M., Kuya T., Takahashi Y. 981 PsbX protein from photosystem II in higher plants: localization and gene regulation. Shi L.-X., Kim S.J., Marchant A., Robinson C., Schroder W.P. 985 Pigment stoichiometry of a photosystem II reaction center purified by a single step perfusion chromatography procedure. Federman S., Taneja S., Scherz A., Malkin S. 989 Topological analysis of PS II reaction center using monoclonal antibodies. ~~~~ ~~~~ m Topology of chromophores and cofactors in photosystem II: fine analysis of difference spectra by polarized spectroscopy. Ahlbrink R., Junge W.. 997 xiii

Characterisation and functional studies on a new photosystem 2 preparation from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus. Kuhl H., Krieger A., Seidler A., Boussac A., Rutherford A.W., Rogner M. 1001 '}'-radiation target analysis reveals the heterogeneous nature of photosystem 2 functional size in higher plants in vitro and in vivo. Kucera T., Franco E., Alessandrelli S., Lilla G., Angelini G., Giardi M.T. 1005 Selective 15N-isotope labelling of histidines in PSII reaction centers of Spirodela oligorrhiza. Alia, Matysik J., Soede-Huijbregts C., Gast P., Raap J., Lugtenburg J., de Groot H.J.M., van Gorkom H.J. 1009 Mutagenesis of the symmetry related Hl 17 residue in the photosystem II D2 protein of Chlamydomonas: implications for energy transfer from accessory chlorophylls. Ruffle S., Hutchison R., Sayre R.T. 1013 Selection of PSII-deficient mutants of Synechoeystis sp. PCC 6803 created by targeted in vitro random mutagenesis of psbAJ.l gene based on nitrofurantoin resistance. Yamasato A., Kamada T., Satoh K. 1017 Towards a pigment-exchange-system for photosystem II-reaction centers. Gall B., Zehetner A., Snigula H., Scherz A., Scheer H. 1021 Fluorescence properties of chlorophyll d-dominating prokaryotic alga, Acaryochloris marina. Mimuro M., Akimoto S., Yamazaki I., Miyashita H., Miyachi S. 1025 Femtosecond PSII reaction center studies at 7K. Greenfield S.R., Wasielewski M.R., Seibert M. 1029 Primary charge separation at low tempertures in Dl-D2 reaction centers studied by photon echo and pump-probe spectroscopy. Prokhorenko V., Holzwarth A.R. 1033 Energy transfer and trapping in PS II core particles: ps fluorescence kinetics upon excitation at different wavelengths. Rimke I., Byrdin-M., Schlodder E., Roelofs T.A. 1037 Identification of chlorophyll anion states during charge separation in mutant photosystem II reaction centres. Durrant J.R., Nixon P.J., Barber J., Klug D.R. 1041 The effect of temperature on P680+ reduction kinetics during water splitting. Jeans C., Schilstra M.J., Klug D.R. 1045 FTIR study of the cation radical of P680 in the photosystem II reaction center: structural model of P680. Noguchi T., Tomo T., Inoue Y. 1049 xiv

FTIR studies on the P680 cation and triplet states in Wf and mutant PSII reaction centres of Synechocystis 6803. Sarcina M., Breton J., Nabedryk E., Diner B.A., Nixon P.J. 1053 Time resolved ENDOR of the triplet state of P680 in PS II reaction centers. Lendzian F., Bittl R., Telfer A., Barber J., Lubitz W. 1057 ENDOR and transient absorption studies of P68o+· and other cation radicals in PSII reaction centres before and after inactivation of secondary electron donors. Telfer A., Lendzian F., Schlodder E., Barber J., Lubitz W. 1061 Chlorophyll triplets of photosystem II reaction centre detected by absorbance detected magnetic resonance (ADMR). Vacha F., Owen G., Hoff A.J. 1065 3P680 in photosystem II with singly reduced QA. Schlodder E., Hillmann B., Brettel K., Mallwitz F. 1069 Protein relaxation and kinetics of P6so+ reduction in photosystem II. Cherepanov D.A., Drevenstedt W., Krishtalik L.I., Mulkidjanian A.Y., Junge w. 1073 A thermal broadening analysis of the red absorption tail of the Dl/D2/cytb559 complex. Finzi L., Elli G., Garlaschi F.M., Zucchelli G., Jennings R.C. 1077 A thermal analysis of the D1/02/cytb-559 circular dichroism spectra. Elli G., Finzi L., Garlaschi F.M., Zucchelli G., Jennings R.C. 1081 In vitro assembly of a "Si cytochrome b55911 from chemically synthesised peptide. Francke C., Loyal R., Ohad I., Haehnel W. 1085 Evidence for one cytochrome b-559 per PS II in spinach chloroplasts. Heimann S., Klughammer C., Schreiber U. 1089 The feedback control role of cytochrome b559 in the photoprotection of photosystem II. Kuang T.-Y., Yang K.-Y., Xiong L., Li L.-B., Shi H., Zhao N.-M., Li C.-C. 1093 Changes in the oxidation state of cytochrome b-559 and tyrosine-d during in vivo photoactivation of photosystem II. Magnuson A., Rova M., Mamedov F., Fredriksson P.-O., Styring S. 1097 Conversion of the low potential form of cytochrome b559 into the high potential form in photosystem II under anaerobic and reducing conditions. Gadjieva R., Mamedov F., Renger G., Styring S. 1101 Restoration of the high-potential form of cytochrome b559 of photosystem II occurs via a two-step mechanism. Mizusawa N., Yamashita T., Miyao-Tokutomi M. 1105 Cytochrome b-559 protects photosystem two in the light and the dark in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Morais F., Barber J., Nixon P.J. 1109 xv

A new model of cytochrome b-559 function based on the observation of a reversible redox-linked interconversion between two redox forms of cytochrome b-559. Stewart D.H., Brudvig G.W. 1113 1D- and 2D-ESEEM study of the [Fe-NO](S=3/2) complex of PSII. Deligiannakis Y., Ioannidis N., Petrouleas V. 1117 Light-induced FfIR difference spectroscopy of QA photoreduction in photosystem II core particles. Dejonghe D., Andrianambinintsoa S., Berger G., Breton J. 1121 Electric field modulated p+QA- recombination in photosystem II. de Wijn R., van Gorkom H.J. 1125 The D2 protein from the thermophilic cyanobacterium S. vulvanus is functional in Synechocystic PCC 6803. Zeligson S., Dibrov Y., Keren N., Ohad I., Hirschberg J. 1129 Electron magnetic resonance studies on the electron acceptors QA and QB of photosystem II of higher plants. Smith P.J., Nugent J.H.A., O'Malley P., Rigby S.E.J. 1133 Cyanobactrial PS 2 particles - stability and acceptor side study. Sofrova D., Setlikova E., Budac P., Kucera T. 1137 PS2 particles extracted with various detergents from the thylakoids of the thermophile Synechococcus elongatus. Setlikova E., Prasil 0., Sofrova D., Koblizek M., Budac P., Siffel P., Setlik I. 1141 Thermoluminescence B and Q bands are at the same temperature in an autotrophic and a heterotrophic DI protein mutant of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Keranen M., Mulo P., Aro E.-M., Govindjee, Tyystjarvi E. 1145 Quinones as electron acceptors in inact cells of a cyanobacterium. Koike H., Nakazono H., Kashino Y., Satoh K. 1149 Pathways of electron transport, regulation and the role of plastoquinone. Kukushkin A., Khuznetsova S. 1153 Investigation of the plastoquinone pool size and fluorescence quenching in photosystem II (PS II) membrane fragments. Kurreck J ., Renger G. 1157 The antenna size changes of photosystem 2 complexes differing in QB reduction. Komyeyev D.Yu. 1161 Photosynthetic activity during the cell cycle of the green alga Scenedesmus quadricauda. Meszaros T., Kaftan D., Prasil 0., Setlik I., Whitmarsh J. Nedbal L. 1165 xvi

Artifact brings about confusion between photosystem II inactive centres and photosystem 118 centres in chloroplast of higher plants. Yu S.-G. 1169 Photosystem II electron transport in transgenic tobacco. Baldewijns L., V alcke R. 1173 Evidence for D 1-His 190 as the proton acceptor implicated in the oxidation of redox-active tyrosine Yz of PSII. Diner B.A., Nixon P.J. 1177 On differences in accessibility and redox activity of D 1-Y 161 and D2-Y 160 of PSII as probed by halogenated acetates. Xu C., Li R., Hou C., Yu X., Yu Y., Zeng X., Shen Y., Govindjee 1181 FfIR study of Tyro and Tyrz: hydrogen bonding interactions. Hienerwadel R., Boussac A., Breton J ., Diner B.A., Berthomieu C. 1185 Engineering and rapid purification of histidine-tagged photosystem II from Synechocystis PCC 6803. Reifler M.J., Chisholm D.A., Wang J., Diner B.A., Brudvig G.W. 1189 Photosystem II carbonic anhydrase activity depends on c1- and Ca++. Stemler A. 1193 Bicarbonate stimulated binding of manganese to photosystem 2. Feyziev Y .M., Yoneda D., Kawamori A. 1197 Carbonic anhydrase activity of different photosystem II preparations. Moskvin O.V., Razguliayeva A.Y., Shutova T.V., Khristin M.S., Ivanov B.N., Klimov V.V. 1201 Uncoupler-sensitive light-induced stimulation of carbonic anhydrase activity of pea thylakoids. Moskvin O.V., lgnatova L.K., Ivanov B.N. 1205 Protective role of bicarbonate on the donor side of photosystem II during photoinhibition and thermoinactivation. Klimov V.V., Baranov S.V., Allakhverdiev S.I. 1209 Oxygen evolution, chlorophyll fluorescence and electron transport through photosystem II in light pulses: quantification of the donor resistance in leaves. Oja V., Laisk A. 1215 Oxygen evolution, chlorophyll fluorescence and electron transport through photosystem II in light pulses: acceptor resistance is dependent on nonphotochemical excitation quenching. Laisk A., Oja V. 1219 Specific action of chloride ions at high concentrations on thermoluminescence of chloroplasts. Solntsev M.K., Tashish V., Karavaev V.A., Kuznetsov A.M. 1223 xvii

Inorganic anions induce state changes in spinach thylakoid membranes. Jajoo A., Bharti S., Govindjee 1227

5. OXYGEN EVOLUTION 1231 Effects of methanol on the Mn4-cluster of photosystem 2. Boussac A., Deligiannakis Y., Rutherford A.W. 1233 Probing the lower states of the water-oxidising complex of photosystem II by the use of NO as a redox agent. Petrouleas V., Sarrou J., Schansker G., Ioannidis N. 1241 Assessing the viability of H atom abstraction as a mechanism for PS II water oxidation. Pecoraro V.L., Hsieh W.-Y. 1247 Bacterial overexpression and site-directed mutagenesis of the PS2 manganese stabilizing protein: progress in elucidation of structure and function. Lydakis-Simantiris N., Hutchison R.S., Betts S.D., Barry B.A., Yocum C.F. 1253 Structure of the Mn4Ca 1 core of the PSII water oxidizing complex and the Mn4O4-cubane/Mn4O2-butterfly model complexes. Dismukes G.C., Ruettinger W., Boelrijk A.E.M., Ho D. 1259 Structural assignments around tyrosine-Z in photosystem II using site-directed mutagenesis and structural modelling. Styring S., Svensson B., Sayre R.T., Mamedov F. 1267 Refined model of the oxidation states and structures of the Mn/Ca/Cl cluster of the oxygen evolving complex of photosystem II. Cinco R.M., Fernandez C., Messinger J., Robblee J.H., Visser H., McFarlange K.L., Bergmann U., Glatzel P., Cramer S.P., Sauer K., Klein M.P., Yachandra V.K. 1273

Oxidation states and structure of the manganese cluster in the S0 state of the oxygen evolving complex. Messinger J., Robblee J.H., Fernandez C., Cinco R.M., Visser H., Bergmann U., Glatzel P., Cramer S.P., Campbell K.A., Peloquin J.M., Britt R.D., Sauer K., Yachandra V.K., Klein M.P. 1279 pH-dependence of the S0 -state multiline EPR signal from photosystem II. Geijer P., Deale Zs., Styring S. 12&3

Pulsed and CW EPR relaxation studies of the S0 signal from photosystem II. Peterson S., .Ahrling K.A., Frapart Y.-M., Styring S. 1287

The S0 state EPR signal from the Mn cluster arises from an isolated ground state . .Ahrling K.A., Peterson S., Styring S. 1291 xviii

Effects of methanol on the EPR signals from the S0 and S2 states of the water• oxidizing complex of PSII. Deale Zs., Geijer P., Peterson S., Ahrling K.A., Styring S. 1295 Characterization of an S 1-state specific EPR multiline signal of the photosystem II manganese cluster. Gregor W., Britt R.D. 1299 Detection of low frequency modes of S1/S2 and QAIQA- in photosystem II by light• induced Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy. Chu H.-A., Gardner M.T., O'Brien J.P., Barlow J., Babcock G.T. 1303 Substrate water l 80 exchange kinetics in the S2 state of photosystem II. Hillier W., Messinger J., Wydrzynski T. 1307 Structure of the Mn-cluster in photosynthetic oxygen evolving complex evaluated by magnetic properties of S2-state multiline signal. Ono T.-a., Kusunoki M., Hasegawa-K. 1311 A correlation method for quantification of the magnitude of the S2-state multiline EPR signal. Iuzzolino L., Dittmer J ., Dorner W., Dau H. 1315 Interaction of NO with the higher S-states of photosystem II. A flash fluorescence study. Schansker G., Petrouleas V. 1319 Progressive reduction of the Mn-catalase Mn(III)-Mn(III) state to the Mn(Il)- Mn(III) and Mn(II)-Mn(II) states by nitrogen monoxide. Ioannidis N., Barynin V.V., Petrouleas V. 1323 The photosystem II manganese complex in its S3-state. Dau H., Iuzzolino L., Dittmer J., Dorner W., Meyer-Klaucke W. 1327 Dual mode EPR study of S3-state manganese cluster in the oxygen evolving photosystem IL Kawamori A., Matsukawa T., Mino H. 1331 Effects of anionic activators on the S-state cycle. Wincencjusz H.M., Yocum C.F., van Gorkom H.J. 1335 A new method for determination of the edge position of X-ray absorption spectra. Dittmer J., Iuzzolino L., Dorner W., Nolting H.-F., Meyer-Klaucke W., Dau H. 1339 The structure of a partially assembled, di-nuclear PS II manganese complex investigated by EPR and EXAFS on a new core complex preparation. Dorner W., Dittmer J., Iuzzolino L., Meyer-Klaucke W., Dau H. 1343 Assembly intermediates and "inorganic mutants" of the photosystem II oxygen evolving complex. Ananyev G.M., Zaltsman L., Mcinturff R.A., Dismukes G.C. 1347 xix

The proton environment about Yz as a function of metal content in photosystem II. Babcock G.T., Valentin M.D., Dorlet P., Hoganson C., McCracken J., Styring S., Tommos C., Westphal K. 1351 HID isotope exchange effects and pH-dependence of reactions leading to photosynthetic water cleavage. Renger G., Christen G., Seeliger A. 1357 Structural model for the Mn centre within photosystem II including a Mn dimer/Y z complex. Smith P.J., Afrrling K.A., Razeghifard M.R., Pace R.J. 1363 Spin relaxation enhancement of the Mn centres of PSII. Kuzek D., Pace R.J. 1367 A consistent spatial arrangement of spins of the manganese cluster and a tyrosine radical Yz in the oxygen-evolving center of photosystem II. Kusunoki M., Yokochi M., Hasegawa K. 1371 Influence of D 1-Glu 189 on the properties of Yz and the manganese cluster in photosystem 2. Debus R.J., Campbell K.A., Pham D.P., Hays A.-M.A., Peloquin J.M., Britt R.D. 1375 Yz, the gateway to the Mn cluster ofphotosystem 2, shows tyrosinate-like properties and can operate at cryogenic temperatures. Nugent J.H.A., Evans M.C.W. 1379 Tyr34 in PSII-L protein is essential for the oxidation of Tyr-Z in PSII. Toyoshima Y., Iwata T., Nakano Y., Hoshida H. 1383 The mutation Dl-D61N in PS II of Synechocystis: retardation of ET from OEC~Yzox and no effect on Yz~P68Q+. Hundelt M., Hays A.-M.A., Debus R.J., Junge W. 1387 Hydrogen-bonding of tyrosine-Z in photosystem II: probably absent without calcium and without manganese at acid pH but strong in oxygen evolving centers. Haumann M., Ahlbrink R., Junge W. 1391 Orientation study on the stable tyrosyl radical in photosystem II by high field EPR. Dorlet P., Hanley J., Rutherford A.W., Un S. 1395 Calcium and chloride cofactors of the oxygen evolving complex - X-ray absorption spectroscopy evidence for a Mn/Ca/Cl heteronuclear cluster. Fernandez C., Cinco R.M., Robblee J.H., Messinger J., Pizarro S.A., Sauer K., Klein M.P., Yachandra V.K. 1399 xx

A structural and mechanistic model of the ~-evolving complex of photosystem II. Szalai V.A., Stone D.A., Brudvig G.W. 1403 The EPR study of tyrosine-Z and manganese cluster in the Ca2+ -depleted photosystem II. Mino H., Ono T.-a., Kawamori A. 1407 Studies of photosystem II using azide as an inhibitor of oxygen evolution. Haddy A., Kimel R.A., Thomas R., Hatchell J.A. 141 l Formation of dinuclear Fe(ill) center by interaction of Fe(II) with the Mn-binding site of Mn-depleted PSII membranes. Semin B.K., Davletschina L., Ivanov I.I., Reiner M., Parak F. 1415 The reactivation of chloride depleted photosystem II membranes with different anions. The relevance of the two-state binding model. Olesen K., Andreasson L.-E. 1419 Substitution of calcium by cadmium in photosystem II complex. Matysik J., Alia, van Gorkom H.J., de Groot H.J.M. 1423 Prediction of the secondary structure and topology of the 33 kDa extrinsic protein associated to the oxygen evolving complex. De Las Rivas J., Heredia P. 1427 Identification of amino acids of the 33 kDa Mn-stabilizing protein that are involved in binding to PSII complexes. Motoki A., Shimazu T., Hirano M., Katoh S. 1431 Cross-reconstitution of four extrinsic proteins from a red alga with higher plant and cyanobacterial PSII. Enami I., Yoshihara S., Ohta H., Shen J.-R. 1435 Reconstitution of photosynthetic oxygen evolving activity with heterologous OEC23 protein expressed in E. coli. Ifuku K., Shiga M., Kanda Y., Sato F. 1439 Reassembly of the photosynthetic water-oxidizing complex on the thylakoid membranes. Tamura N., Tsuda T., Tanaka I., Theg S.M. 1443 Biochemical and spectroscopic properties of heat-treated manganese stabilizing protein. Lydakis-Simantiris N., Yocum C.F. 1447 Characterization of photosystem II donor-side mutants in Chlamydomonas reinlMrdtii. Svensson B., Minagawa J., Crofts A.R. 1451 Removal of PSII-U in a strain of Synechocystsis sp. PCC 6803 lacking the PSII-O protein prevents photosynthesis. Shand J.A., Eaton-Rye J.J. 1455 xxi

Characterization of the double mutant FF362,363RR in loop E of the photosystem Il chlorophyll-binding protein CP47. Clarke S.M., Eaton-Rye JJ. 1459 Characterization of Chlamydomonas transformants with impaired processing of a precursor D1 and oxygen-evolving activity ofphotosystem Il. Hatano A., Takahashi Y. 1463 The "oxygen clock" in greening pea leaves as probed by the peroid four oscillations in the fluorescence intensity at 50 µs and 2 ms after pre-flashes during the OilP transient. Govindjee, Srivastava A., Strasser R.J. 1467 Coupled modification of the acceptor side of photosystem Il during photoactivation of the oxygen evolving complex; Rova M., Mamedov F., Magnuson A., Fredriksson P.-O., Styring S. 1471 Photoactivation and photoinhibition of the Qi-evolving complex in dark-grown spruce seedlings. Kamachi H., Inoue H., Oku T., Yamasaki Y., Tamura N. 1475

Keyword Index xxiii

Author Index xliii CONTENTS TO VOLUME ill

6. CYTOCHROME COMPLEXES; SOLUBLE ELECTRON TRANSFER PROTEINS 1479 Structures of the bc1 complex reveal dynamic aspects of mechanism. Crofts A.R., Berry E.A., Kuras R., Guergova-Kuras M., Hong S., Ugulava N. 1481 Three dimensional structure-based genetic modifications of a bacterial cytochrome bc1 complex. Mandaci S., Saribas A.S., Daldal F. 1487 The interaction of plastocyanin with cytochrome f: a Brownian dynamics study. Nelson N., Pearson Jr. D.C., Gross E.L. 1493 From cytochrome c6 to plastocyanin. An evolutionary approach. De la Rosa M.A., Hervas M., Diaz-Quintana A., De la Cerda B., Molina- Heredia F.P., Balme A., Cavazza C., Navarro J.A. 1499 Cytochrome CM from Synechocystis 6803: overexpression in E. coli. Cho Y.S., Pakrasi H.B., Whitmarsh J. 1505 Partition of ferredoxin-NADr+ oxidoreductase between photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism. Carrillo N. 1511

Role of the neck region of the Rieske Fe-S protein in Q0 site catalysis. Darrouzet E., Valkova-Valchanova M., Daldal F. 1517

Probing the cytochrome be, complex Q0 site mechanism using weak binding inhibitors. Sharp R.E., Palmitessa A., Gibney B.R., White J.L., Wan J.T., Moser C.C., Daldal F., Dutton P.L. 1521 The tight coupling of quinol oxidoreductase to the P840 reaction center complex in Chlorobium. Oh-oka H., lwaki M., Itoh S. 1525 Evidence for light-induced cyclic electron transfer in chromatophores of Roseobacter denitrificans. Schwarze C., Labahn A., Carluccio A.V., Venturoli G. 1529 The cytochrome bcrcomplex of Rhodobacter capsulatus: does the reaction in the presence of antimycin A correspond to a single turnover of an untreated enzyme? Gopta O.A., Mulkidjanian A.Y. 1533 Isolation and characterisation of the cytochrome b@ complex from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803. Wenk S.-0., Boronowsky U., Peterman E.J.G., Jaeger C., van Amerongen H., Dekker J.P., Roegner M. 1537 viii

Investigations on native and recombinant subunits of a cyanobacterial cyt b6f complex. Boronowsky U., Wenk S.-O., Jaeger C., Schneider D., Roegner M. 1541 Evidence for a nonessential function of the small subunit PetM in the cytochrome bJ complex of Synechocystis PCC6803. Schneider D., Berry S., Seidler A., Roegner M. 1545 Characterization of cytochrome f mutants in the bJ -complex of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Baymann F., Zito F., Kuras R., Nitschke W., Joliot P., Minai L., Wollman F.- A. 1549 Overproduction of a spinach Rieske Fe-S polypeptide fused to maltose-binding protein in Escherichia coli. Gubernator B., Johanningmeier U., Szczepaniak A. 1553 Localisation of apocytochrome b6 fused to expressed periplasmic maltose-binding protein in Escherichia coli. Kr6liczewski J., Szczepaniak A. 1557 Heme binding to an apocytochrome b6 fused to maltose-binding protein overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Kr61iczewski J., Johanningmeier U., Szczepaniak A. 1561 Purification and reconstitution of a non-lipid cytochrome b6f complex from spinach chloroplasts. Li L.-B., Yan J-S., Sun Q.-M., Kuang T.-Y., Mao D.-Z. 1565 Bound cu2+ as a structural and functional probe of the cytochrome bJ complex. Sudha Rao B.K., Tyryshkin A.M., Bowman M.K., Kramer D.M. 1569 Proton-pumping within cytochrome bfcomplex. Joliot A., Joliot P. 1573 Characterization and crystallization of a highly active cytochrome bJ complex from the thermophilic cyanobacterium, Mastigocladus laminosus. Huang D., Zhang H., Soriano G.M., Dahms T.E.S., Krl$n J.M., Smith J.L., Cramer W.A. 1577 Identification of the basic residues of cytochrome f responsible for electrostatic docking with plastocyanin in vitro: relevance to the electron transfer in vivo. Soriano G.M., Ponamarev M.V., Piskorowski R.A., Cramer W.A. 1581 Non-concerted reduction of cytochromes f and b6 in mutants affecting the cytochrome f internal water chain. Ponamarev M.V., Cramer W.A. 1585 In vivo and in vitro studies on the interaction between cytochrome f and plastocyanin in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Comolli L.R., Zhou J., Linden T., Breitling R., Flores J., Hung T., Jamshidi A., Huang L.-s., Fernandez Velasco J. 1589 ix

Purification and properties of.cytochrome c-553 from the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum. Selvaraj F., Devine D., Zhou W., Brune D.C., Lince M.T., Blankenship R.E. 1593 Rlectron transfer from genetically modified plastocyanin to photosystem 1. Olesen K., Ejdebiick M., Hansson 6. 1597 Site-directed mutants of cytochrome C6 provide new insights into the interaction between PSI and the heme-protein. De la Cerda B., Molina-Heredia F.P., Hervas M., Navarro J.A., Diaz-Quintana A., De la Rosa M.A. 1601 Kinetic mechanisms of PSI reduction by plastocyanin and cytochrome C6 in the ancient cyanobacteria. Pseudanabaena sp. PCC6903 and Prochlorothrix hollandica. Navarro J.A., Hervas M., Babu C.R., Molina-Heredia F.P., Bullerjahn G.S., De la Rosa M.A. 1605 Electron transfers amongst cytochrome f, plastocyanin, P700 and hexacyanoferrate: _effects of ionic strength and pH. Hope A.B. 1609 Intermediate electron transfer reactions of the antarctic psychrotrophic green alga, Chlorella antarctica strain 3. Kanazawa A., Leisse T., Kramer D.M. 1613 The relationship between QA and the plastoquinone pool is influenced by the proton gradient. Cleland R.E. 1617 H+/e- ratios for photosynthetic electron transfer in intact leaves in the steady stte. Sacksteder C.A., Kramer D:M; 1621 Synechocystis PCC6803 ferredoxin:NADp+ oxidoreductase: the ubiquitous flavoprotein. van Thor J.J., Jeanjean R., Hellingwerf K.J., Joset F., Matthijs H.C.P. 1625 aa3 and cbb3 oxidases: characterization by femtosecond spectroscopy. Liebl U., Lipowski G., Negrerie M., Martin J.-L., Vos M.H. 1629

7. ENERGY TRANSDUCTION; ATP SYNTHASE 1633 ATP s-ynthase: electrochemical transducer with stepping rotatory mechanics. JungeW. 1635

Kinetic analysis of rotary FoF 1-ATihynthase. Romberg B., Panke 0. 1643 Approaches to the understanding of AµH+-linked activation of the chloroplast ATP synthase. Schwarz 0., Ponomarenko S.V., Strotmann H. 1649 X

Interaction of tentoxin and derivatives with the catalytic sector of chloroplast ATP-synthase. Haraux F., Sigalat C., Santolini J., He X., Andre F. 1655

The comparison of the structure and function of the E subunit of CF 1 from different plant chloroplasts. Wei J.-M., Shi J., Gu Y., Yang Y.-Z., Shen Y.-K. 1661 Role of the gamma subunit in regulating the activity of the chloroplast ATP synthase. Lu L., Sokolov M., Gao F., Tucker W., Gegenheimer P.A., Richter M.L. 1667 Proton-translocating transhydrogenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum: hydride transfer in recombinant domains. Jackson J.B., Quirk P.G., Cotton N.P.J., Venning J.D., Gupta S., Jeeves M., Peake S.J., Smith K.J. 1673 ATP-synthase of Rhodobacter capsulatus: proton flow and ATP synthesis in response to light flashes. · Feniouk B.A., Junge W., Mulkidjanian A.Y. 1679 The CFo energy-transfer inhibitors DCCD and venturicidin greatly vary in their effect on proton flux across the thylakoid membrane. Evron Y. 1683 Kinetics of interaction between CF 1 and tentoxin. Mochimaru M., Sakurai H. 1687

Optical measurements of basal and phosphorylating proton fluxes in CFoF1 liposomes. RottleP R., Rusch M., Graber P. 1691

Activation and inactivation of CFoF1 reconstituted in liposomes monitored by ATP binding under uni-site conditions. Werdien D., Labahn A., Graber P. 1695 Structural interactions between alpha and gamma subunits of the chloroplast ATP synthase are maintained after trypsin proteolysis. Lowe K.M., McCarty R.E. 1699 Quantitative analysis of tryptophan fluorescence in CF,. Johnson E.A., Cruz J.A., McCarty R.E. 1703 Destabilization of the ATP synthase complex caused by pH and ~pH. Ponomarenko S.V., Vjazigina A., Volfson I., Strotmann H. 1707

The relation between the disulfide bridge of the"( subunit of CF1 and the inhibitory effect of the E subunit. Hisabori T., Motohashi K., Koike M., Kroth P., Strotmann H., Amano T. 1711 Investigation of the catalytic and regulatory mechanism of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ATP synthase by random and site directed mutagenesis. Mendel S., Schlesinger J., Hu D., Strotmann H., Shavit N., Leu S. 1715 xi

Chloroplast ATP synthase: identification of protease accessible sites in CF 1- Malyan A.N., Vitseva 0.1., Strotmann H. 1719

Properties of the tight nucleotide binding site of chloroplast coupling factor CF1 deficient in 8- and £-subunits. Vitseva 0.1., Malyan A.N. 1723 Deletion mutagenesis studies on the ATP synthase of Rhodobacter capsulatus. Borghese R., Turina P., Melandri B.A. 1727 Search for the atp operon URF6 gene in Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Paracoccus denitri.ficans and partial sequencing of the corresponding atpD and atpG genes. Olson F., Brosche M., Roche N., Strid A. 1731 Assembly of catalytic a 1~1-dimers and a3~3-hexamers from recombinant a and ~ subunits of the Rhodospirillum rubrum ATP synthase. Du Z., Gromet-Elhanan Z. 1735

The coupling regions ofFoF1 ATP synthase. Kellner E., Licher.T., Lill H. 1739 Photophosphorylation, respiration and ATP metabolism in green algae. Forti G., Finazzi G., Foietta A. 1743 Effects of adenine nucleotides on the accessibility of the acceptor site of photosystem II. Zolotareva E.K., Onoiko E.B., Podorvanov V.V. 1747 Light-induced changes in the structure and functions ofthylakoid system in the presence of permeant amines. Opanasenko V.K., Agafonov A.V., Semenova G.A. 1751 Energy transduction in leaves studied by millisecond delayed light emission. Shen Y.-K., Shi X.B., Li D.Y., Ren H.M., Wei J.-M., Ye J.Y. 1755 Indication for the Mehler reaction obtained from comparing photoacoustic and fluorescence-clamp measurements. Schinner K., Tabrizi H., Hansen U.-P. 1759 Stromal NADPH-dehydrogenase functions as a mediator of electron transport to the intersystem chain in chloroplasts of higher plants. Mi H., Endo T., Ye J.Y., Shikanai T., Ogawa T., Takabe T., Asada K. 1763 Cyclic electron transports mediated by NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) and by ferredoxin quinone reductase (FQR) in chloroplasts. Endo T., Shikanai T., Asada K. 1767 Molecular dynamics simulation of the excited-state dynamics of bacteriorhodopsin. Yamato T., Kakitani T. 1771 xii

8. FuNCTIONS OF LIPIDS AND ARCHITECTURE OF MEMBRANES 1775 The photoinhibition of the photosystem II complex is regulated by. unsaturation of fatty acids in membrane lipids. Murata N., Gombos Z., Kanervo E., Sippola K., Aro E.-M. 1777 Light induction of lipid desaturation and its role in acclimation to low temperature. Gombos Z., Kis M., Zsiros 0., Ughy B., Varkonyi Zs., Wada H., Farkas T., Nagy F. 1783 The use of lipid headgroup mutants to explore the function of thylakoid lipids in photosynthesis. Hartel H., Lokstein H., Dormann P., Benning C. 1787 Molecular mechanism of ion permeation through the thylakoid membrane. Homble F., Vlerick A., Oulad L'G.L., Fuks B., Ruysschaert J.M. 1793 Reconstition of membranes using non-bilayer forming lipids and plant LHCII. Simidjiev I., Stoylova S., Holzenburg A., Amenitsch H., Laggner P., Javorfi T., Mustardy L., Garab G. 1799 Cyclodextrins as a tool for studying the role of glycerolipids in spinach thylakoid membranes. Duchene S., Strasser R.J., Srivastava A., Siegenthaler P.A. 1803 Transcriptional regulation of plastidial and microsomal w-3 fatty acid desaturase genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Matsuda 0., Kusumi J., Iba K. 1807 Photoinhibition and lipid peroxidation in the npql mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana deficient in violaxanthin de-epoxidase. Havaux M., Niyogi K.K. 1811 Fatty acids unsaturation of membrane lipids is involved in the tolerance to salt stress. Allakhverdiev S.1., Nishiyama Y., Suzuki I., Tasaka Y., Murata N. 1815 Adaptation mechanism of the photosynthetic apparatus of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii ACT 9502 to different enviromental effects. Varkonyi Zs., Zsiros 0., Farkas T., Garab G., Ughy B., Szegletes Zs., Gombos z. 1819 Thylakoid membrane fluidity changes the response of isolated pea chloroplasts to high temperature. Zaharieva I., Markova Tz., Velitchkova M. 1823 Effect of cholesterol and benzylalcohol on prompt and delayed chlorophyll fluorescence in thylakoid membranes. Zaharieva I., Velitchkova M., Goltsev V. 1827 Membrane lipid composition of the cyanobacteria Nostoc punctiforme and Spirulina platensis under various conditions of carbon nutrition. Mikhaylenko N.F., Skorokhod T.Ph. 1831 xiii

State transitions in the cyanobacteria Synechocystis PCC6803: influence of the membrane fluidity. El Bissati K., Murata N., Etienne A.-L., Kirilovsky D. 1835 One step separation of membranes of cyanobacterium by linear gradient floatation centrifugation. Inoue N., Kashino Y., Koike H., Satoh K. 1839 Glycine betaine protection of temperature induced changes of photosystem I. Allakhverdieva Y.M., Gasanov R.A. 1843 Chloroplasts largely devoid of grana stacks have full photosynthetic capability. Yu S.-G., Bjorn L.O., Mamedov F., Styring S., Albertsson P.-A.. 1847

9. AUXILIARY AND REGULATORY ENZYMES IN CHLOROPLASTS 1851 TLP40: the first complex immunophilin-like protein in plant photosynthetic membranes. Andersson B., Vener A.V., Fulgosi H., Eshaghi S., Herrmann R.G. 1853 Photosystem II-associated protein kinase phosphorylates a novel 6.3 kDa protein which subsequently dissociates from photosystem II core complexes. Race H.L., Forsberg J., Hind G., Allen J.F. 1859 Characterization of violaxanthin de-epoxidase. Hieber A.D., Bugos R.C., Yamamoto H.Y. 1865 The proteolytic machinery of chloroplasts: homologues of bacterial proteases. Adam Z., Halperin T., ltzhaki H., Lindahl M., Ostersetzer 0. 1871 Non-photochemical reduction of intersystem electron carriers in chloroplasts of higher plants and algae. Cournac L., Guedeney G., Joet T., Rumeau D., Latouche G., Cerovic Z., Redding K., Horvath E., Medgyesy P., Peltier G. 1877 Evidence for four thylakoid-located protein kinases. Weber P., Fulgosi H., Sokolenko A., Andersson B., Ohad I., Herrmann R.G. 1883 Purification and identification of thylakoid protein kinase(s) that phosphorylates isolated LHCII and CP43 of photosystem II. Vink M., Zer H., Herrmann R.G., Ohad I., Andersson B. 1887 Light regulation of the thylakoid LHCII protein phosphorylation at the substrate level. Zer H., Vink M., Keren N., Dilly-Hartwig H.G., Paulsen H., Herrmann R.G., Andersson B., Ohad I. 1891 Regulation of thylakoid protein dephosphorylation by the cyclophilin TLP40. Vener A.V., Fulgosi H., Herrmann R.G., Andersson B. 1895 Irradiance-dependent regulation of thylakoid protein phosphorylation in vivo - the role of the thiol redox state. Rintamiiki E., Carlberg I., Andersson B., Aro E.-M. 1899 xiv

Reversible phosphorylation of LHCII proteins in rye leaves - redox control and physiological significance. Pursiheimo S., Rintamaki E., Aro E.-M. 1903 Possible involvement of reversible phosphorylation in the regulation of zeaxanthin epoxidation in rice leaves. Xu C.-C., Hwang H.J., Rhew T.H., Lee C.-H. 1907 Role of phosphorylation in photosystem II repair cycle and oligomeric structure. Gonzalez E.B., Barbato R., Aro E.-M. 1911 Eludicating functional aspects of LHCII phosphorylation by DNA insertional mutagenesis in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Kruse 0., Mullineaux C.W., Nixon P.J., Schmid G.H. 1915 Sulfide-quinone reductase (SQR) of Rhodobacter capsulatus: expression, induction and inactivation. Schiltz M., Griesbeck C., Bronstein M., Maldener I., Shahak Y., Padan E., Hauska G. 1919 Residue Glu-91 of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ferredoxin is essential for the reaction of ferredoxin-nitrite reductase and ferredoxin-glutamate synthase. Suzuki A., Garcia-Sanchez M.I., Gotor C., Vega J.M., Miginiac-Maslow M., Stein M., Liottet S., Sandoz G., Jacquot J.-P. 1923 Cloning, expression and characterization of ferredoxin:thioredoxin reductase from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Schwendtmayer C., Manieri W., Hirasawa M., Knaff D.B., Schiirmann P. 1927 Crystallization and crystallographic investigations of ferredoxin:thioredoxin redutase from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Dai S., Schwendtmayer C., Schiirmann P., Ramaswamy S., Eklund H. 1931 Construction of mutants for the study of reduction of spinach fructose-1,6- bisphosphatase by thioredoxin f. Balmer Y., Schiirmann P. 1935 Crystal structures of thioredoxins J and m from spinach chloroplasts. Capitani G., Markovic-Housley Z., Jansonius J.N., Del Val G., Morris M., Schiirmann P. 1939 The oxidation-reduction properties of the plant chloroplast ferredoxin, thioredoxin, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase system. Knaff D.B., Hirasawa M., Jacquot J.-P., Manieri W., Schiirmann P. 1943 Content of thioredoxins J and m, and of their targets FBPase and NADP-MDH, in pea plants grown under normal and light-stressed conditions. Pagano E., Chueca A., Hermoso R., Gorge J.L. 1947 Photohydrogen production - hydrogenases in the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus. Wiinschiers R., Senger H., Schulz R. 1951 xv

Stress effects on hydrogen metabolism in Oscillatoria chalybea. Bader K.P., Abdel-Basset R. 1955 Generation of C. reinhardtii mutants that photoproduce H2 from H2O in the presence of 02. Ghirardi M.L., Flynn T., Forestier M., Iyer A., Melis A., Danielson P., Seibert M. 1959 Mutagenesis of genes encoding subunits of the plastid NAD(P)H-plastoquinone• oxidoreductase in tobacco. Steinmuller K., Kofer W., Koop H.-U. 1963 Increased sensitivity of photosynthesis to anaerobic conditions induced by targeted inactivation of the chloroplast ndhB gene. Joet T., Cerovic Z., Rumeau D., Coumac L., Guedeney G., Horvath E., Medgyesy P., Peltier G. 1967 Relevance of the NAD(P)-reducing hydrogenase of Synechocystis 6803 to photosynthesis. Appel J., Senger H., Schulz R. 1971 Interactions between respiration and photosynthesis in a cyt c553 deficient mutant of Synechocystis PCC 6803 under various trophic conditions. Ardelean I., Jeanjean R., Havaux M., Joset F., Matthijs H.C.P. 1975 Regulatory effects of polyamines on chloroplast development. Kotzabasis K., Strasser BJ., Navakoudis E., Senger H., Domemann D. 1979 Factors severely affecting the dehydroascorbate reductase assay. Takahashi S., Yamasaki H. 1983 Subcellular localization of iron- and manganese-superoxide dismutase in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Kitayama K., Kitayama M., Takahashi Y., Osafune T., Togasaki R.K. 1987 Separation with high resolution of maize superoxide dismutases by native two• dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Characterization of new chloroplastic SOD isoforms. Challou N., Lucas P., Vaneyken F., Lannoye R., Mauro S. 1991 The iron-containing superoxide dismutase of Rhodobacter capsulatus is essential for aerobic viability. Cortez N., Pasternak C., Balzer A., Carrillo N., Klug G. 1995 Superoxide dismutases regulation in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) under water deficit conditions. Brou Y.C., Eyletters M., Lannoye R. 1999 The plant 2-cys peroxiredoxin protects chloroplasts from oxidative damage. Baier M., Dietz K.-J. 2003 The action of free radical scavengers on thylakoid protein phosphorylation and PSII core protein degradation. Georgakopoulos J.H., Argyroudi-Akoyunoglou J.H. 2007 xvi

The thylakoid protease against LHCII. Tziveleka L.A., Argyroudi-Akoyunoglou J.H. 2011 Acclimative proteolysis of the major light-harvesting chlorophyll alb protein of photosystem II (LHCII) Yang D.-H., Lindahl M., Webster J., Carlberg I., Andersson B. 2015 Involvement ofGTP in the primary proteolysis of the DI protein during photoinhibition of photosystem II. Spetea C., Hundal T., Lohmann F., Andersson B. 2019 ATP- and zinc-dependent proteolysis of the DI protein primary fragments - possible involvement of the FtsH protease. Hundal T., Spetea C., Lohmann F., Andersson B. 2023 Protein degradation by the thylakoid FtsH protease in vitro in purified systems. Lindahl M., Oppenheim A., Adam Z. 2027 Characterization of chloroplast proteases. Sokolenko A., Lensch M., Herrmann R.G. 2031 Proteolytic enzymes in the chloroplast related to light stress conditions. Adamska I. 2035 The ATP-dependent Clp protease is important for growth and stress acclimation of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus. Schelin J., Porankiewicz J., Clarke A.K. 2039 Evidence for the self-degradation of polyphenol oxidase. Kuwahara T., Katoh Y. 2043 A dual effect of Cu2+ on the import and processing of a polyphenol oxidase precursor by chloroplasts. Koussevitzky S., Ne'eman E., Sommer A., Steffens J.C., Harel E. 2047 The inhibition of photosynthesis of pea and clover protoplasts by high CO2 concentration, and plasmalemma carbonic anhydrase. Ignatova L.K., Moskvin O.V., Ivanov B.N., Romanova A.K. 2051 Characterization of transformant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with antisense directed cDNA of phosphoglycerate kinase. Kitayama M., Takahashi Y., Osafune T., Kitayama K., Togasaki R.K. 2055 Effects of CO2, light and temperature on Rubisco activase protein in wheat leaf segments. Herrmann B., Holzer R., Crafts-Brandner S.J., Feller U. 2059 Control of chloroplast electron transport by phosphoproteins. Volovik 0.1., Nosenko T.T., Sytnik S.K. 2063 The role of inorganic pyrophosphate and pyrophosphatase in a coupling of one- and two-electron pathways in chloroplast electron transfer chain. Samus N., Yasnikov A. 2067 xvii

Control coefficient application to the study of electron flow distribution between linear and cyclic electron transport and the conditions essential for appearance of photosynthetic oscillations. Khuznetsova S., Kukushkin A. 2071 Isolation and characterization of the thylakoid lumen from spinach chloroplasts. Schroder W.P., Hoflich J., Hagman A., Andersson B., Kieselbach T. 2075 Photosynthetic and auxillary functions of Arabidopsis thaliana - in vivo and in vitro studies. Noren H., Andersson B., Svensson P. 2079

10. UV-B AND VISIBLE LIGTH STRESS 2083 Xanthophylls and excess-energy dissipation: a genetic dissection in Arabidopsis. Bjorkman 0., Niyogi K.K. 2085 The response of light-harvesting complex II to over-excitation: the protein structural transition? Gruszecki W.I., Grudzinski W., Matula M., Kernen P., Krupa Z. 2091 Active oxygen and photoinhibition of photosystem II. Miyao-Tokutomi M., Lee B.-H., Mizusawa N., Yamamoto N. 2097 8-carotene to zeaxanthin conversion during enhanced D 1 protein turnover in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under high light stress. Jahns P., Depka B., Trebst A. 2103 UV-B induced damage of photosystem II and its repair via de novo synthesis of the DI and D2 rection center subunits. Vass I., Mate Z., Sass L., Viczian A., Nagy F., Kirilovsky D., Etienne A.-L. 2109 Is P680+ the dominant cause of photoinactivation of photosystem II in plants? Anderson J.M., Park Y.-1., Chow W.S. 2115 Photoinduced damage of the photosystem II primary electron donor P680: a high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of pigment content in Dl/D2/cytochrome b559 complex under photoinhibitory conditions. Hou J.-M., Kuang T.-Y., Peng D.-C., Tang C.-Q., Tang P.-S. 2119 Redox reactions in photoinhibited tobacco leaf segments. Chow W.S., Hope A.B. 2123 Photosystem II photoinactivation in pea leaves by accumulation of over-saturating light pulses in darkness. Apostol S., Briantais J.-M., Cerovic Z.G., Moya I. 2127 Photoinactivation of PSII by single turnover flashes: protective effect of ca2+ depletion. Keren N., Krieger A., Rutherford A.W., Ohad I. 2131 xviii

The involvement of H202 produced by photosystem II in photoinhibition. Krieger A., Rutherford A.W. 2135 Detecting singlet oxygen production in leaves under stress. Hideg E., Kalai T., Hideg K., Vass I. 2139 Effects of growth conditions and paraquat treatment on antioxidative enzymes in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Fujiwara T., Watabe Y., Watanabe K., Sakurai H. 2143 Fluorescence kinetics of whole plants of Arabidopsis thaliana. Bosinger C.S., MeierhoffK., Westhoff P., Holzwarth A.R. 2147 Photoprotection in higher plant leaves investigated by delayed chlorophyll fluorescence and picosecond chlorophyll fluorescence decay measurements. Terjung F. 2151 Changes in cytochrome b559 during photoinhibition. Ortega J.M., Roncel M., Losada M. 2155 Investigating the role of CP43 phosphorylation during environmental stress. Georgieva K., Kruse 0., Barber J. 2159 Relaxation of photoinhibitory fluorescence quenching is kinetically correlated with CP29 dephosphorylation during dark recovery after light-chilling in rice leaves. Hwang H.J., Xu C.-C., Kim S.J:, Lee C.-H. 2163 D1-CP43 aggregates in photosystem II formed by acceptor-side photoinhibition are substrates for an SOS-resistant protease in stroma. Nakatani E., Ferjani A., Yamamoto Y. 2167 Photosensitized oxygen uptake by disorganized chlorophyll. Caspi V., Raskin V.1., Malkin S., Marder J.B. 2171 Photoinhibition effects on isolated thylakoids: detection through simultaneous fluorescence and thermal emission. Markovic D.Z., Carpentier R. 2175 Light-induced increase in initial chlorophyll fluorescence Fo level and its possible mechanism in soybean leaves. Hong S.-S., Xu D.-Q. 2179 The pigment composition of plants grown under differing light conditions. Rosevear M.J., Johnson G.N., Young A.J. 2183 Reduced antenna size of photosystem II in cereals for high light environment. Watanabe N. 2187 Impaired activity of photosystem II leads to shade-type chloroplasts being more sensitive to photoinhibition. Curwiel V.B., van Rensen J.J.S. 2191 xix

Fluorescence analysis of energy utilisation and dissipation by Setaria sphacelata (C4) leaves under variable photon flux density. da Silva J.M., Arrabar;a M.C. 2195 Physiological impacts of chilling temperature in the susceptibility of young coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.) to photoinhibition. Oliveira J.G., Magalhaes A.C.N. 2199 Photoinduced damage to spinach leaves treated with photodynamic herbicides. Neverov K.V., Heber U. 2205 A distinct effect of the phenolic herbicide BNT on the photosystem II photoinactivation in two cyanobacterial strains Synechococcus PCC7942 and Synechocystis PCC6803. Komenda J. 2209 Thermoluminescence properties and changes in D1 polypeptide of spinach chloroplasts during photoinhibition of spinach leaf discs at chilling, room and high temperatures. Misra A.N., Ramaswamy N.K., Desai T.S. 2213 Photoinhibition of photosystem I in chilling sensitive plants determined in vivo and in vitro. Sonoike K. 2217 Photoinhibitory damage of barley photosystem I at chilling temperatures induced under controlled illumination is also identified in the field. Tjus S.E., Teicher H.B., M0ller B.L., Scheller H.V. 2221 Light stress as revealed by chlorophyll fluorescence in different ecotypes of wheat and triticale. Balota M., Babani F., Lichtenthaler H.K. 2225 Photochemical efficiency of PSII and characteristics of photosynthetic CO2 exchange in Japonica and Indica subspecies of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and their reciprocal cross Fl hybrids under photoinhibitory conditions. Ji B.-h., Jiao D.-m. 2229 Photosynthesis and photoinhibition in tobacco plantlets grown in vitro: an ontogenetic approach. Ticha I., Cap F., Pacovska D., Haisel D., Capkova V., Schafer C. 2233 Acclimation of ice algae to higher irradiance. Kashino Y., Fujimoto K., Akamatsu A., Koike H., Satoh K., lkeya T., Imura S., Watanabe K., Kudoh S. 2237 Light dependence of thermostability of photosynthetic apparatus. Molnar I., Csizi K., Dulai S., Dark6 E., Lehoczki E. 2241 Determination of the cleavage site of the large subunit of Rubisco by active oxygen species and its inhibition by CABP in the lysates of wheat chloroplasts. Ishida H., Makino A., Mae T. 2245 xx

Light-dependent fragmentation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in chloroplasts isolated from wheat leaves. Ishida H., Shimizu S., Makino A., Mae T. 2249 Chorophyll a fluorescence measurements of an Arabidopsis mutant, altered in the y-subunit of the ATP synthase, display changes in non-photochemical quenching. Spilotro P.J., Patil S.C., Govi'1djee. 2253 Modulation of PSII photodamage in the green alga Dunaliella salina. Melis A., Baroli I. 2257 Recovery of the photosynthetic apparatus from photoinhibition during dark incubation of the green alga Dunaliella salina. Polle J., Melis A. 2261 Diurnal cycle and photoinhibition in photosynthesis of palm Trachycarpus fortunei. Nemenyi A., Georgakopoulos J.H., Kissimon J., Badacsonyi A., Horvath G. 2265 Light intensity acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus in Chlorobium tepidum. Vannini C., Granata M., Balsemin M.T., Gerola P.O., Vianelli A. 2269 Picosecond time resolved analysis of the fast and slow reversible non- photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching. Richter M., Goss R., Holzwarth A.R. 2273 Photosynthetic acclimation of Silene dioica to growth in fluctuating light. Yin Z.-H., Johnson G.N. 2277 Non-photochemical quenching in four unicellular algae with different light- harvesting and xanthophyll-cycle pigments. Casper-Lindley C., Bjorkman 0. 2281 The influence of n,n'/dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) on the kinetics and pH• dependence of zeaxanthin formation in isolated pea (Pisum sativum) thylakoids. Heyde S., Jahns P. 2285 Xanthophyll cycle and PSII molecular composition in tomato Aurea mutant at two different light intensities. Castagna A., Ranieri A., Lercari B., Bertram L., Soldatini G.F. 2289 Non-photochemical fluorescence quenching in Avena sativa at subambient temperatures. Mel0 T.B. 2293 Quantitative analysis of intrathylakoid pH and xanthophyll cycle effects on PSII fluorescence lifetime distributions and intensity. Gilmore A.M., Shinkarev V.P., Hazlett T.L., Govindjee. 2297 xxi

Dibucaine competes with the i'.\pH indicator 9-aminoacridine for uptake in thyalkoid membranes without uncoupling. Yamasaki H., Gilmore A.M. 2301 Photosynthetic efficiency and photoprotection in barley mutants lacking LHCII. Augusti A., Scartazza A., Brugnoli E. 2305 Xanthophyll cycle functionality in Chlorellafusca acclimated to different light regimes. Garcia-Mendoza E., Kroon B.M.A., Matthijs H.C.P., Mur L.R. 2309 Pigment synthesis and xanthophyll cycle in diatoms under high light stress and during low light recovery. Lohr M., Wilhelm C. 2313 In Mantoniella squamata deepoxidized xanthophyll cycle pigments show a tighter pigment protein coupling than the respective epoxidized forms. Goss R., Wilhelm C. 2317 The effect of dithiothreitol on photoprotective mechanisms of Quercus ilex · resprouts after fire. Fleck I., Aranda X., El Omari B., Permanyer J., Abadia A., Hogan K.P. 2321 Sustained trans-thylakoid proton gradient induced by light stress at low temperatures? Possible effects on the xanthophyll cycle. Koroleva O.Y., Carouge N., Pelle B., Scholl S., Krause G.H. 2325 Lowered xanthophyll cycle capacity accompanying triazine resistance of weeds. Ertli T., Polyanka H., Varadi Gy., Dark6 E., Lehoczki E. 2329 Photosynthetic activity and changes in the pigment pattern of Cladophora glomerata in dependence on light intensity in its natural habitat (River Ilm, Thiiringia/Germany ). Ensminger I., Hagen C., Braune W. 2333 UV-B induced differential transcription of psbA genes encoding the D1 protein of photosystem II in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803. Mate Z., Sass L., Szekeres M., Vass I., Nagy F. 2337 UV-B induced differential transcription of psbD genes encoding the D2 protein of photosystem II in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Viczian A., Mate Z., Sass L., Nagy F., Vass I. 2341 Degradation of DI -protein induced by UVB light and its consequences on photosystem II organization and lateral distribution. Bergo E., Giacometti G.M., Barbato R. 2345 Effects of UVB and visible radiation on photosynthetic activity of the PSI-less, apcE- double mutant of Synechocystis 6803. Giacometti G.M., Lago L., Barbato R., Rigoni F. 2349 xxii

Low doses of UV-B radiation cause formation of a high molecular weight adduct of the chloroplastic 23S rRNA in Pisum sativum. Comparison with mRNA levels for plastidic and extraplastidic proteins. Wang X.-M., Strid A. 2353 Natural UV enhances chloroplast protein damage in Chondrus crispus, despite the presence of UV screening pigments. Franklin L.A., Liining K. 2357 Structural and functional alterations in Spirulina platensis photosynthetic apparatus by UV-B irradiation. Rajagopal S., Murthy S.D.S., Mohanty P. 2361 Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 proteins under UV -B stress. Pandey R., Chauhan S., Kale R.K., Singhal G.S. 2365 Promotion of oxidative stress in a marine diatom by ultraviolet radiation. Rijstenbil J.W., Wijnholds J.A. 2369 Multiple short term effects of UV-B radiation on the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Mewes H., Richter M., Goss R., Wilhelm C. 2373 Effects ofUV-B irradiation in Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae) and Scenedesmus obliquus (Chlorophyceae): a thermoluminescence study. Gilbert M., Sass L., Vass I., Wilhelm C. 2377 Characterization of UV-B tolerance in lichens by photosystem II electron transport measurements. Sass L., Vass I. 2381 Ultraviolet-B radiation induce resistance to the photoinhibition at bean (Phaseolis vulgaris L.) plants grown under nitrogen deficiency. Riquelme A., Vass I., Berti M., Pinto M. 2385 Damage of grapevine leaf photosynthesis by UV-B (280-320 nm) radiation in two cultivars of Vitis vinifera. Balo B., Hideg E., Varadi Gy., Vass I. 2389 Acclimation of Viciafaba leaves to UV-B radiation. Makrai L., Cseh R., Nagy E., Lehoczki E. 2393 Comparison of sensitivity of triazine-resistant and susceptible biotypes of several weeds to UV-B exposure. Polyanka H., Makrai L., Ertli T., Lehoczki E. 2397 Effects of UV-B radiation on photosynthesis in leaves of Chenopodium album plants resistant or sensitive to triazine herbicides. Rodrigues G.C., Jansen M.A.K., Van den Noort M.E., van Rensen J.J.S. 2401 Interactive effects of UV-B light and selenium addition on photosynthesis and plant growth. Xue T., Hartikainen H., Pennanen A.H. 2405 xxiii

Contribution of ambient UV light to photoinhibition of photosystem II in tropical plants. Krause G.H., Garden H., Schmude C., Koroleva O.Y., Winter K. 2409 Interrelated transformation of chloroplast ultrastructure and morphogenesis of plants caused by UV-A radiation. Selga M., Selga T. 2413

Keyword Index xxv

Author Index xiv CONTENTS TO VOLUME IV

11. PHYSIOLOGY OF PLANTS UNDER BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC STRESS 2417 Enhancement of stress tolerance by gene-engineering of betaine accumulation in plants. Hayashi H., Sakamoto A., Alia, Murata N. 2419 Photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in maize leaves subjected to low temperatures. Foyer C.H., Kingston-Smith A., Pastori G., Harbinson J. 2425 Unusual tolerance to heat stress in a new atrazine-resistant mutant isolated from soybean photosynthetic suspension cultures. Alfonso M., Perez M.A., Torrado E., Yruela I., Picorel R. 2433 Regulation of carbon aquisition and partitioning at low growth temperatures. Hurry V., Strand A., Furbank R., Stitt M. 2439 Isolation and characterization of a cyanobacterial mutant sensitive to high temperature. Morita H.E., Hamada T., Hayashi H. 2445 Role ofpsbU, an extrinsic protein ofphotosystem II, in the acquisition of thermotolerance in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. Nishiyama Y., Los D.A., Murata N. 2449 Heat-induced stimulation of photosystem II dephosphorylation - the possible involvement of TLP40. Rokka A., Aro E.-M., Herrmann R.G., Andersson B., Vener A.V. 2453 The chloroplast small heat shock protein studied by peptide mapping and mass spectrometry using purified recombinant protein from Arabidopsis thaliana and pea. Gustavsson N., Emanuelsson A., Harndahl U., Sundby C. 2457 The chloroplast small heat shock protein in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Harndahl U., Gustavsson N., Buffoni R., Bornman J.F. 2461 High temperature inhibition of photosynthesis requires Rubisco activase for reversibility. Sharkey T.D., Badger M.R., von Caemmerer S., Andrews T.J. 2465

Effects of high temperatures on photosynthetic systems: fluorescence F0 increases in cyanobacteria. Satoh K., Yamane Y., Emi T., Kashino Y., Koike H. 2469 The effect of monoterpene fumigation on heat-induced photosynthesis inhibition of Quercus. Loreto F., Csiky 0., Delfine S., Alvino A., Kristiansen T., Seufert G. 2473 viii

Responses of a Japanese willow to high temperatures. Shinohara K., Futamura N., Nagao A. 2477 The influence of growth temperature and growth irradiance on thermal dissipation of excess excitation energy in winter rye. Gray G.R., Ivanov A.G., Huner N.P.A. 2481 Temperature and lipid unsaturation effects on plasma and thylakoid membranes of Synechocystis sp PCC6803. Papageorgiou G.C., Govindjee, Govindjee R., Mimuro M., Stamatakis K., Alygizaki-Zorba A., Murata N. 2485 Membrane phase transitions in Synechococcus sp. PCC7942 cells can be probed with chlorophyll a fluorescence. Gasanov R.A., Stamatakis K., Papageorgiou G.C. 2489 The wheat thylakoid lipid content affected by heat. Musienko M.M., Taran N.Yu., Okanenko A.A. 2493 Photosynthetic activity of bean plants under conditions of high- and low- temperature induced photoinhibition. Tsonev T., Stefanov D., Georgieva K., Yordanov I. 2497 Effects of low temperature stress and cold acclimation on photosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. A.strom J., Savitch L.V., Ivanov A.G., Huner N.P.A., Oquist G., Gardestrom P. 2501 Xanthophyll cycle activity and chlorophyll fluorescence queching in relation to chilling sensitivity in rice and barley leaves. Jeon Y.A., Xu C.-C., Chung B.-C., Lee C.B., Lee C.-H. 2505 Investigation of the chlorophyll's state during low temperature adaptation. Larskaja I., Barisheva T., Zabotin A. 2509 The sensitivity to cold stress of two oak species which differ in leaf habit. Cavender-Bares J., Apostol S., Moya I., Briantais J.-M., Bazzaz F.A. 2513 A rapid hardening of African violet (Saintpaulia) to low temperatures. Suzuki Y., Hashimoto K., Fukuyoshi T., Murakami S. 2517 Changes of photochemical and CO2 assimilation activities in response to growth at low temperature and high light in a chilling sensitive maize genotype as compared with a tolerant maize genotype. Massacci A., Iannelli M.A., Pietrini F., Villani M.C. 2521 Photosynthetic changes in leaves of the C4 grass Paspalum dilatatum cv Raki acclimated to low temperature. Cavaco A.M., da Silva A.B., Arraba~a M.C. 2525 Chilling effects on photosynthetic activity and membrane leakage of two species ofCoffea. Quartin V., Ramalho J.C., Campos P.S., Fahl J.I., Nunes M.A. 2529 Effects of light stress on photosystem I in chilling-sensitive plants. Barth C., Krause G.H. 2533 ix

Feedback regulation of higher plant photosynthetic electron transport - a physiological phenomenon? Johnson G.N., Ott T. 2537 Water stress induced alteration in chloroplast activity and nitrogen metabolism during development of clusterbean cotyledons in low light intensity. Manjari Deo P., Biswal B. 2541 The effect of dehydration on leaf photosynthesis depends on leaf temperatures. Comic G., Badeck F.-W. 2545 An Arabidopsis stress-responsive sucrose synthase gene is up-regulated by low water potential. Dejardin A., Sokolov L.N., Kleczkowski L.A. 2549 Cation stress and fluorescence imaging of the lichen Peltigera canina. Jensen M., Siemer C., Feige G.B. 2553 Drought acclimation effects on gas exchanges and accumulation of some osmotic solutes in four Arachis hypogaea genotypes. Matos M.C., Lauriano J.A., Campos P.S., Ramalho J.C., Semedo J.M., Marques N.M. · 2557 Photosynthetic responses of beans to water stress in the field. Pastenes C., Porter V.H., Baginsky C., Horton P. 2561 Contribution of violaxanthin cycle to the stress tolerance of semiarid grassland species. Veres Sz., Meszaros I., T6th V.R. 2565 Carbon isotope discrimination in soluble carbohydrates and drought tolerance in upland rice. Scartazza A., Lauteri M., Monteverdi M.C., Augusti A., Spaccino L., Brugnoli E. 2569 The effect of water deficit on wheat thylakoid membranes. Ismailov M.A., Zulfugarov I.S., Feyziev Y.-M., Aliev J.A. 2573 Effect of carbarnide cytokinin 4PU-30 on the photosynthesis of bean plants endured drought and high temperature stresses. Yordanov I., Georgieva K., Tsonev T., Goltsev V., Merakchiiska M. 2577 Effects of exogenously added ascorbic acid, thiamin or aspirin on photosynthesis and some related activities of drought-stressed wheat plants. Hamada A.M. 2581 Effects of rapidly and slowly induced water deficit on the partition of photoassimilates in Setaria sphacelata (C4). da Silva J.M., Arraba~a M.C. 2585 Water stress effects on variations of steady-state chlorophyll fluorescence (Fs) in response to light. · Flexas J., Escalona J.M., Cifre J., Medrano H. 2589 X

Chlorophyll-fluorescence measurements during drying and remoistening of the desiccation-tolerant leafy liverwort Porella platyphylla. Marschall M., Proctor M.C.F., Molnar I. 2593 What does protect pollen and spores from drought stress? Wada K., Ikeda Y., Hayashi F., Murahama M., Ichino T., Sanada Y. 2597 Behaviour under different light conditions of two Arabidopsis ecotypes. Leclerc J.C., Briane J.P., Blaise S. 2601 Critical role of turgor pressure for the proliferation of Synechococcus sp. PCC7942 at unfavorable salinity. Ladas N.P., Stamatakis K., Papageorgiou G.C. 2605 Increased respiratory activity in light in Synechocystis PCC 6803 grown under high salinity. Ardelean I., Enache M., Tunaru S., Flonta M.L., Dumitru L., Zarnea G. 2609 Expression of Na+/H+ antiporter from Vibrio alginolyticus in a freshwater cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. Kaku N., Okuda K., Hibino T., Tanaka Y., Nakamura T., Takabe T., Takabe T. 2613 Seed soaking presowing in vitamins versus the adverse effects of NaCl salinity on photosynthesis and some related activities of maize and sunflower plants. Ahmed-Hamad A.M., Monsaly H.M. 2617 Salt-induced changes of CO2 conductances and photochemical properties of spinach leaves. Delfine S., Alvino A., Villani M.C., Volterra E., Loreto F. 2621 Sodium chloride salt stress induced changes in thylakoid pigment-protein complexes and photosystem II activity of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) seedlings. Sahu S.M., Misra A.N., Misra M., Ramaswamy N.K., Desai T.S. 2625 Photosynthetic machinery of cotyledons of Sesbania sesban performs better under high osmotic environment. Puthur J.T., Sharmila P., Saradhi P.P. 2629 Physiological responses of peanut grown under saline conditions as affected by spraying with vapor gard and MnSO4 under gypsum application. El-Zeiny H.A., Saad A.O.M., Thalooth A.T. 2633 An iron-stress-induced chi-protein complex of photosystem II serves as an excitation energy dissipater in the iron-starved cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. . Oquist G., Park Y.-1., Sandstrom S., Gustafsson P. 2637 Iron stress-induced functional uncoupling of photosystem II and photosystem I in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. Ivanov A.G., Park Y.-1., Huner N.P.A., Raven J.A., Oquist G. 2641 xi

Composition and spectral properties of pigment binding protein in iron stressed termophilic cyanobacterium. Benesova J., Stys D., Nickova K., Komenda J. 2645 Physiological and structural changes in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis aquatilis f. aquatilis induced by zinc. de Magalhaes C.C.P., dos Santos C.P., Chaloub R.M. 2649 Thermoluminescence as a tool for abiotic stress detection: studies of Cu-toxicity on PS II. Horvath G., Arellano J.B., Droppa M., Baron M. 2653 Effect of excess copper on photoinhibition of PSII. Patsikka E., Aro E.-M., Hakala M., Tyystjarvi E. 2657 Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging of heavy metal treated plants. Ciscato M., Valcke R. 2661 The toxicity of lead to photosynthesis and respiration in detached pea and maize leaves. Romanowska E., Parys E., Slowik D., Siedlecka M., Piotrowski T., Poskuta J.W. 2665 The effect of ca2+ on photosynthetic activity and assimilate distribution in cu2+ stressed bean plants. Maksymiec W., Baszynski T. 2669 The modifying effect of calcium on Cd-treated runner bean plants. The level of carbohydrates. Sk6rzynska-Polit E., Baszynski T. 2673 The "activatory model" of plant response to moderate cadmium stress - relationship between carbonic anhydrase and Rubisco. Siedlecka A., Samuelsson G., Gardestrom P., Kleczkowski L.A., Krupa Z. 2677 The improvement of heavy metal tolerance in cyanobacteria by gene engineering. Shi D.-J., Sun J., Jin P., Guo X.-X., Ren L., Xu X.-D., Ru B. 2681 Photosynthetic recovery of chemically stressed algal cells after photoinhibition. Fodorpataki L., Trifu M., Papp J. 2685 The effect of heavy metals on the greening of maize seedlings. Legrady Gy., Lang F. 2689 Influence of Cd and Pb on the ion content, growth and photosynthesis in cucumber. Lang F., Szigeti Z., Fodor F., Cseh E., Zolla L., Sarvari E. 2693 EPR study of mercury action on the photosynthetic apparatus of spinach chloroplasts. Sersen F., Kral'ova K., Bumbalova A. 2697 Does aluminium-stress impair the photosynthetic activity in wheat? Hegedus A., Erdei S., Barnabas B., Horvath G. 2701 xii

Effects of the air pollutant ozone on the photosynthetic capacity of aerial algae. Houben P., Reisser W. 2705 Photosynthetic performance of Acer pseudoplatanus L. seedlings as affected by light availability and source of nitrogen. Bartak M., Gloser J. 2709 Differential photosynthetic response of flag laminae of wheat genotypes to nitrogen. Jain V., Guru S.K., Abrol Y.P. 2713 Antistressor impact upon carotenoids content and lipid peroxidation in winter wheat photosynthetic tissues. Taran N.Yu., Okanenko A.A., Svetlova N.B. 2717 Partial purification of an enzyme system that oxidises Rubisco in vivo. Esquivel M.G., Moreno J., Ferreira R.B., Teixeira A.R. 2721 Methanol acquisition by leaves and consequences on the photosynthetic apparatus. Alvino A., Delfine S., Centritto M., Loreto F. 2725 Does the pre-treatment of sunflower seedlings with Cd influence the effects of ozone on photosynthesis? Di Cagno R., Andreucci A., Guidi L., Stefani A., Soldatini G.F. 2729 The effect of reduced light and ozone on apoplastic ascorbate and photosynthesis in the leaves of barley. Kollist H., Moldau H., Rasmussen S.K., Mortensen L. 2733 Effect of anaerobiosis and darkness on pigments and lipids of photosynthetic apparatus in wheat and rice. Novitskaya L.O. 2737 Changes in the photosynthetic activity of trees grown in polluted urban environment. Kissimon J., Nemenyi A., Kerenyi-Nemest6thy K., Horvath G. 2741 Partial purification of a protease from nitrogen starved wheat leaves that specifically degrades the oxidised fonn of Rubisco. Arroz J., Esquivel M.G., Teixeira A.R., Ferreira R.B. 2745 Diagnosis of damage to Norway spruce (Picea abies) through ethylene and other biochemical criteria. Wilksch W., Wohlfahrt S., Strobel P., Wild A. 2749 Slow fluorescence induction and Qi evolution in bean and wheat leaves in various physiological conditions. Karavaev V.A., Dovydkov S.A., Polyakova LB., Solntsev M.K., Yurina T.P. 2753 Effects of virus infection on photosynthesis of Eupatorium makinoi. Funayama-Noguchi S., Sonoike K., Terashima I. 2757 Effect of tobamovirus infection on PSII complex of infected plants. Rahoutei J., Garcia-Luque I., Cremona V., Baron M. 2761 xiii

Enhanced activity of microsymbiont-alfalfa system probed by the fast fluorescence rise OJIP. Koves-Pechy K., Biro B., Voros I., Takacs T., Osztoics E., Strasser R.J. 2765

12. LIGHT SENSORY SYSTEMS; METABOLIC SIGNALS 2769 Sucrose is a signalling molecule in plants. Kortstee A., Rook F., Smeekens S. 2771 Sugar-sensing: evidence for hexokinase-independent signal perception in plants. Herbers K., Ebneth M., Hajirezaei M., Sonnewald U. 2777 Sugar signaling in higher plants. Jang J.-C., Zhou L., Xiao W.-Y., Sheen J. 2783 Glucose inhibits chlorophyll a and phycocyanobilin biosynthesis in the unicellular red alga Galdieria at the stage of coproporphyrinogen III formation. Stadnichuk I.N., Rakhimberdieva M.G., Bolychevtseva Yu.V., Yurina N.P., Karapetyan N.V., Selyakh 1.0. 2789 Photoregulation of chloroplast gene expression and photosynthetic activity in a red alga Rhode/la violacea. Ritz M., Ivancich A., Thomas J.-C., Etienne A.-L. 2793 Analysis of the light responsive elements of tobacco psaDb using a transient expression system Nakamura M., Obokata J. 2797 The rice importin a.1: light-regulated expression and mediation of nuclear protein import in vitro by recombinant protein. Jiang C.-J., Matsuki R., Shoji K., Inagaki N., Yamamoto N. 2801 Multiple light and plastid signals control chloroplast development in Arabidopsis. L6pez-Juez E., Baynton C.E., Page A.M., Pyke K.A., Robertson S., Vinti G. 2805 Systemic sensing of light in plants. A key regulatory role of photosynthetic electron transport. Karpinski S., Karpinska B., Reynolds H., Creissen G., Wingsle G., Mullineaux P. 2809 Light sensing by guard cell chloroplasts: large antenna size and high electron transport rates. Srivastava A., Zeiger E., Strasser R.J. 2813 Stimuli other than light are able to entrain the endogenous circadian rhythm during the biogenesis of the chloroplast. Prombona A., Kaldis A., Argyroudi-Akoyunoglou J.H. 2817 Circadian-regulated transcription of the psbD light-responsive promoter (psbD LRP) in wheat chloroplasts. Nakahira Y., Morikawa K., Shiina T., Toyoshima Y. 2821 xiv

13. PHOTOSYNTHETIC GENES. I. PROKARYOTES 2825 Structural feature of the genome of the cyanobacterium, Synechocystic sp. PCC6803. Tabata S. 2827 Characterization of a major photosynthesis gene cluster from the heliobacterium Heliobacillus mobilis. Xiong J., Inoue K., Bauer C.E. 2835 Functional and structural analyses of the Rhodobacter capsulatus pufX protein. Lilburn T.G., Recchia P.A., Parkes-Loach P.S., Loach P.A., Prince R.C., Beatty J.T. 2841 Chromosomal rearrangements in pufand crt genes of Rubrivivax gelationosus upon photo-oxidative stress. Ouchane S., Pinta V., Picaud M., Vemotte C., Reiss-Husson F., Astier C. 2847 Phycobilisome degradation and responses of cyanobacteria to nutrient limitation and high light. Grossman A.R., Schwarz R., Bhaya D., Dolganov N. 2853 Requirements of the CD loop in the D2 protein of photosystem II as probed by combinatorial mutagenesis in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Ermakova-Gerdes S., Vavilin D., Keilty A., Vermaas W. 2859 Cloning of genes involved in the biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll and heme in Chlorobium tepidum. Magnin N., Cox R.P., Miller M. 2865 The regulation of bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis by the pufQ protein of Rhodobacter capsulatus. Smart J.L., Behie L.A., Ng M., Sritubtim S., Richards W.R. 2869 Functional complementation of protochlorophyllide reductase activity in mutants of Rhodobacter capsulatus by introduction of a genomic library from green nonsulfur bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus. Nakahara M., Hattori A., Bauer C.E., Inoue K. 2873 The reaction center of Roseobacter denitrificans: primary structure of the H- subunit and homology model of the HLM-complex. Herter S., Hucke 0., Labahn A., Kortliike C., Drews G. 2877 Characterization of photosynthetic regulatory genes, regA and regB: studies among different species. Masuda S., Matsumoto Y., Nagashima K.V.P., Shimada K., Inoue K., Bauer C.E., Matsuura K. 2881 Molecular characterization of illegitimate recombination in Rubrivivax gelatinosus. Pinta V., Picaud M., Astier C. 2885 Photosynthetic gene cluster in purple bacterium, Rubrivivax gelatinosus. Igarashi N., Shimada K., Matsuura K., Nagashima K.V.P. 2889 xv

Properties of ORF5-disrupted and -overexpressed Rhodobacter sphaeroides mutants. Obayashi T., Shimada H., Nishimura K., Masuda T., Ohta H., Takamiya K.-i. 2893 Cloning of chlorobium uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase gene. Majumdar D., Xu K., Ndivo V. 2897 Identification of a novel gene (slr2031) involved in high-light resistance in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Kamei A., Ogawa T., Ikeuchi M. 2901 Redox regulation of psbA gene expression in Synechococcus sp. PCC7942. Sippola K., Aro E.-M. 2905 Regulation of psbA gene expression in Synechocystis 6803. Tyystjiirvi T., Herranen M., Mulo P., Ohad I., Aro E.-M. 2909 Expression of PSII and PSI genes in Synechocystis 6803. Herranen M., Aro E.-M., Tyystjiirvi T. 2913 Antisense transgenic plants of photosystem I psaD and psaE genes. Shimizu T. 2917 Single-helix relatives to the chlorophyll alb binding protein family in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Funk C., Vermaas W. 2921 A gene required for the regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting in cyanobacteria. Emlyn-Jones D., Ashby M.K., Mullineaux C.W. 2925 Toward the elucidation of physiological significance of pmgA-mediated high-light acclimation to adjust photosystem stoichiometry: effects of the prolonged high• light treatment on pmgA mutants. Hihara Y., Ikeuchi M. 2929 Molecular chaperon DnaK from a halotolerant cyanobacterium Aphanothece halopytica. Hibino T., Sugino M., Tsujimura K., Nii N., Ishikawa H., Yoshikawa H., Takabe T. 2933 The function of the cyanobacterial RNA-binding proteins. Mutsuda M., Hirose T., Sugiura M., Sugita M. 2937

14. PHOTOSYNTHETIC GENES. II. EUKARYOTES 2941 Translational control of photosynthetic genes in tobacco plastids. Sugiura M., Kusumegi T., Sugishita H., Murakami K., Ideue T., Hirose T. 2943 Expression of plastid genes by the two RNA polymerases Maliga P., Svab Z. 2947 xvi

Newly identified genes in tobacco plastid genome. Tsudzuki T., Tsudzuki J., Nakashima K., Wakasugi T., Hirose T., Sugita M., Sugiura M. 2953 Characterization of ribonucleoproteins from the tobacco chloroplast. Nakamura T., Ohta M., Sugita M., Sugiura M. 2957 Structure and expression of lhcb genes from Nicotiana sylvestris. Hasegawa K., Yukawa Y., Niwa M., Sugita M., Sugiura M. 2959 In vitro transcription analysis of the rbcS gene. Yukawa Y., Sugita M., Sugiura M. 2963 Selective activation of the psbA and psbD promoters in matured wheat chloroplasts. Satoh J., Baba K., Morikawa K., Ito S., Shiina T., Toyoshima Y. 2967 Cloning of a novel protein which binds to the chloroplast psbD LRP upstream sequence by the one-hybrid system. Baba K., Nakano T., Yoshida S. 2971 PsbX protein from photosystem II in higher plants: localization and gene regulation. Shi L.-X., Kim S.J., Marchant A., Robinson C., Schroder W.P. 2975 Cloning and expression of genes encoding a 12kDa protein and cytochrome C550, two extrinsic proteins of PS II, from a red alga Cyanidium caldarium. Ohta H., Okumura A., Katoh T., Shen J-R., Kamo M., Enami I. 2979 The effect ofreduced PSI-K protein levels on photosynthesis in transgenic barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Gilpin M.J., Scheller H.V., M~ller B.L. 2983 Biochemical characteristics of the chloroplast ATP synthase from cereals. Lee T., Ponomarenko S.V. 2987 Increased mRNA stability compensates for reduced dark rbcL transcription rates in tobacco plastids. Shiina T., Allison L., Maliga P. 2991 Copies of the chloroplast gene rbcL are found in the nuclear genome of tobacco. Madgwick P.J., Colliver S.P., Banks F.M., Habash D., Paul M.J., Parry M.A.J. 2995 Analysis of the promoter region of the tobacco rbcL gene using a novel transient assay system. Inada H., Iba K. 2999 Evidence for the existence of a pseudogene for the large subunit of Rubisco within the chloroplast DNA of Norway spruce (Picea abies). Sutter A., Philipps A., Ochs G., Wild A. 3003 Molecular characterization of the multigene family encoding the different glutamine synthetase isoforms in the amphidiploid crop Brassica napus. Ochs G., Wild A. 3007 xvii

Targeted inactivation of ycf) in tobacco chloroplasts by biolistic transformation. Maenpaa P., Khan M.S., Gray J.C. 3011 Cloning of cell-type specific genes in maize leaves and characterization of PEP carboxykinase in bundle-sheath-strands. Furumoto T., Hata S., lzui K. 3015 cDNA cloning and tissue specific expression of maize sucrose transporter. Aoki N., Hirose T., Ohsugi R. 3019 Cell specific expression ofNADH-dependent glutamate synthase in rice plants. Ishiyama K., Kojima S., Hayakawa T., Yamaya T. 3023 Cell specific expression of the rice and maize Pdk genes in transgenic rice plants. Nomura M., Sentoku N., Miyao-Tokutomi M., Tajima S., Matsuoka M. 3027 Isolation of a barley gene encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase that is not localized in microbody. Nakamura T., Nomura M., Ku M.S.B., Takabe T. 3031 Purification ofCND41; chloroplast nucleoid DNA-binding protein with proteolytic activity. Murakami S., Nakano T., Sato F. 3035 Some peculiarities of Cicer arietinum chloroplast genome. Mamedov A.Ch., Shahmuradov I.A., Suleymanova Z.J., Aliev J.A. 3039 Isolation of salt-induced cDNA clones in barley leaves using differential display. Muramoto Y., Nakamura T., Alvarez-Nakase A., Takabe T. 3043

15. BIOSYNTHESIS AND ASSEMBLY. I. PROTEINS 3047 Thylakoid membranes: a paradigm for biogenetic and phylogenetic complexity Herrmann R.G. 3049 Protein translocation into and within an armoured plastid: the cyanelle of Cyanophora paradoxa. Loffelhardt W., Steiner J., Ma Y., Jakowitsch J. 3057 Protein transport and assembly in thylakoids. Havrilla M.E., Alder N.N., Theg S.M. 3063 Protein targeting to the chloroplast outer membrane. Tu S.-L., Li H.-m. 3069 Structure of chloroplast signal recognition particle and its role in chloroplast biogenesis. Hoffman N.E., Schuenemann D., Tu C.-J., Amin P., Sy D., Pilgrim M., Gupta S., Nussaume L. 3075 On the modulations of thylakoid structure and function upon adaptation to prolonged nitrogen-deficiency. Bruns B.U., Blanchard J.L., Schmidt G.W. 3081 xviii

Synthesis of photosynthetic reaction centers with poly-His-tagged heavy subunit as a scaffold for self-fabrication. Nakamura C., Kaneko T., Hasegawa M., Yarig Q., Hara M., Shirai M., Miyake J. 3087 Investigation of the PucC protein from Rhodopseudomonas acidophila. Barrett S.J., Cogdell R.J. 3091 Cloning of pscB from Chlorbium vibrioforme and rebinding of the PscB protein to P840-Fx coreparations. Kjaer B., Nielsen H.L., Scheller H.V. 3095 Studies on the compartmentation of proteins between thylakoid and plasma membranes in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803 using purified fractions. Norling B., Zak E., Andersson B., Pakrasi H.B. 3099 Isolation of inside-out and right-side-out thylakoid membrane vesicles from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803. Zak E., Norling B., Andersson B., Pakrasi H.B. 3103 Identification of protein components of photosystems of cyanelle-thylakoids from Cyanophora paradoxa. Shibata M., Kashino Y., Satoh K., Koike H.. 3107 Sec-independent protein translocation in chloroplasts and bacteria. Bogsch E., Brink S., Sargent F., Hynds P.J., Berks B.C., Palmer T., Robinson C. 3111 Cloning and charactrization of chloroplast Sec-y proteins. Nohara T., Yoshihisa T., Nakai M., Endo T. 3115 Co-translational targeting of leader peptidase to the thylakoid membrane. Reconstitution in a homologous chloroplast translation system. Houben E., de Gier J.W., van Wijk K.J. 3119 Co-translational assembly t>fthe DI protein into photosystem II. Zhang L., Paakkarinen V., van Wijk K.J., Aro E.-M. 3123 Co-translational interaction and targeting of the DI protein in a homologous chloroplast translation system. van Wijk K.J., Nilsson R., Houben E., Brunner J., Hoffman N.E. 3127 Processing of precursor DI protein in the PSII membrane by CtpA over-expressed in E. coli - an analysis using an antibody which specifically recognizes the cleavage product. Yamamoto Y., Satoh K. 3131 All-or-nothing rule for the assembly of photo~ystem II: an analytical study in severely chlorophyll-deficient tobacco plants. Flachmann R., Ruban A., Horton P. 3135 CCS5, a new locus required for chloroplast c-type cytochrome synthesis. Dreyfuss B.W., Merchant S. · 3139 xix

The role of a NifS-like protein in the biogenesis of FeS proteins in cyanobacteria. Jaschkowitz K., Seidler A. 3143 A rubredoxin-like protein plays an essential role in assembly of the FA, FB & Fx iron-sulfur clusters in photosystem I. Shen G., Antonkine M.L., Vassiliev LR., GoI beck J .H., Bryant D.A. 3147 Deficient mutants and site-directed mutagenesis of the nuclear-encoded chloroplast Rieske 2Fe-2S protein. de Vitry C., Choquet Y., Baymann F., Finazzi G., Kallas T. 3151 Fe-S cluster formation of ferredoxin in chloroplast stroma. Nishio K., Nakai M., Hase T. 3155 Two novel lumen proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana. Kieselbach T., Mant A., Robinson C., Schroder W.P. 3159 Effect of phosphatase inhibitor on protein import into chloroplast. Su Q., Boschetti A. 3163 Conditional barley mutant Chlorina-104 lacks a HSP70 homologue of the chloroplast protein import complex under restrictive growth conditions. Knoetzel J., Grimme L.H. 3167 Assembly of functional components of chloroplast thylakoid membranes in intermittent light. Suleimanov S.Yu., Guseinova I.M., Novruzova S.N., Aliev J.A. 3171 Proteolysis of the 22-kDa protein in thylakoid membranes from green spores of the fem Osmunda japonica. Inoue H., Kamachi H., Yamaya D., Oguma M., Noguchi M. 3175 Photosynthetic pigment-protein content, electron transport activity and thermoluminescence properties of chloroplasts along the developmental gradient in greening wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves. Misra A.N., Sahu S.M., Dilnawaz F., Mohapatra P., Misra M., Ramaswamy N.K., Desai T.S. 3179 Cysteine biosynthesis in higher plants. Droux M., Job D., Douce R. 3183

16. BIOSYNTHESIS AND ASSEMBLY. II. PIGMENTS 3187 Stepping out of the dark: how higher plants cope with the risk of photooxidative damage. Apel K., Armstrong G.A., Meskauskiene R., Nater M., Sperling U. 3189 Accumulation of phototransformable protochlorophyllide is controlled by protein phosphorylation - a hypothesis. Ryberg M., Kovatcheva S., Sundqvist C. 3197 xx

The last steps of chlorophyll biosynthesis. Rudiger W., Oster U., Schoch S., Klement H., Helfrich M. 3203 Isolation and characterization of chlorophyll a oxygenase which is involved in conversion of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b from the green alga Dunaliella salina. Tomitani A., Ohno T., Okada K., Tanaka A. 3209 The 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate pathway for biosynthesis of carotenoids and other plastidic isoprenoids. Lichtenthaler H.K., Schwender J., Millier C. 3215 Targets of copper responsive gene expression in Chlamydomonas are required for PSI accumulation in copper-deficient cells of Chlamydomonas. Moseley J., Quinn J., Eriksson M., Merchant S. 3221 Biosynthesis of the 13 1-oxo croup and the isocyclic ring E of bacteriochlorophyll a in various purple photosynthetic bacteria using 18O-labelling and mass spectrometry. Porra R.J ., Urzinger M., Winkler J ., Bubenzer C., Scheer H. 3227 Analysis of bacteriochlorophylls in zinc-containing bacteriochlorophyll producing acidophilic bacterium, Acidiphilium rubrum, by high-performance liquid chromatography. Masuda T., Nagayama M., Inoue K., Ohta H., Shimada H., Takamiya K.-i. 3233 Properties of a novel pigment synthesized by a Rhodobacter capsulatus strain containing an intergrated photosynthesis gene cluster from Heliobacillus mobilis. Inoue K., Murayama E., Bauer C.E., Xiong J., Akutsu S., Kobayashi M. 3237 ATPase and phosphate exchange activities in Mg-chelatase subunits of Chlorobium and Synechocystis. Petersen B.L., Kannangara C.G., Henningsen K.W. 3241 Development of the photosynthetic apparatus in Fucus serratus embryos. Lamote M., Schoefs B., Duval J.-C., Lemoine Y. 3245 Observing light-independent chlorophyll synthesis in angiosperms: a case study using Festuca pratensis. Adamson H., Walmsley J. 3249 Developmental regulation of the porA and porB genes in wildtype Arabidopsis seedlings grown in far-red light and in the dark-grown cop] mutant. Frick G., van Cleve B., Apel K., Armstrong G.A. 3253 In vitro integration of the ternary complex, POR-Pchlide-NADPH, into pea thylakoids. Aronsson H., Dahlin C., Sundqvist C., Timko M.P. 3257 Differential scanning calorimetry investigation of wheat prolamellar body membranes. Mysliwa-Kurdziel B., Franck F., Chahdi M.A.O., Strzalka K. 3261 xxi

Effect of water-stress on chlorophyllide synthesis and PSII assembly. Eullaffroy P., Le Lay P., Juneau P., Popovic R. 3265 Biosyntheses of chlorophyll a' and pheophytin a during greening of etiolated barley leaves. Nakamura A., Watanabe T. 3269 Reconstitution of chlorophyll b biosynthesis in revertants from chlorophyll b-less mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Nikoulina K., Chunaev A., Oster U., Schoch S., Rudiger W. 3273 Pigment modifications during the first 16 h of greening of leaves at two different developmental stages. Schoefs B., Bertrand M., Lemoine Y. 3277 Antioxidant activity of chlorophylls: its structure-activity relationship. Hoshina C., Tomita K., Shioi Y. 3281 Insigths into secondary carotenoid synthesis in the green algae Haematococcus pluvialis. · Grunewald K., Hagen C., Braune W. 3285 Distribution of9'-cis neoxanthin in oxygenic phototrophs: a systematic study. Takaichi S., Mimuro M. 3289 On the respective roles of the various xanthophylls during seedling development and high light stress in Arabidopsis. Pogson B.J., Niyogi K.K., Bjorkman 0., DellaPenna D. 3293 Characterization of a temperature-conditional Arabidopsis mutant defective in d• l-deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase. Araki N., Kusumi K., Masamoto K., Iba K. 3297 Etiolation response of wheat seedlings grown under red light. Sood S., Tripathy B.C. 3301

Keyword Index xxiii

Author Index xliii CONTENTS TO VOLUME V

17. CO2 ENTRY, CONCENTRATION AND FIXATION 3305 Rubisco catalysis in vitro and in vivo. Andrews T.J., von Caemmerer S., He Z., Hudson G.S., Whitney S.M. 3307 Phosphoribulokinase: 3-dimensional structure & catalytic mechanism. Miziorko H.M., Runquist J.A., Harrison D.H.T. 3313 Three-dimensional structure of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from Escherichia coli at 2.8 A resolution. Kai Y., Matsumura H., Inoue T., Terrada K., Nagara Y., Yoshinaga T., Kihara A., Izui K. 3319 Induction of CO2 and bicarbonate transport in a green alga. Colman B., Bozzo G.G., Matsuda Y. 3325 Oxygen-insensitive growth of algae with and without CO2-concentrating mechanisms. Raven J.A., Kubler J.E., Johnston A.M., Poole L.J., Taylor R., Mcinroy S.G. 3331 Crystal structure of Rubisco from a thermophilic red alga, Galdieria partita. Sugawara H., Yamamoto H., Inoue T., Miyake C., Yokota A., Kai Y. 3339 Different effects of mercaptoethanol on cyanobacterial recombinant Rubisco and its site-directed mutants. Romanova A.K., Cheng Z.-q., McFadden B.A. 3343 Expression of Chromatium vinosum Rubisco in the carboxysome deficient mutant of cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC7942. Kojima K., Haranoh K., Kobayashi K., Iwaki T., Wadano A. 3347 Engineering Rubisco in higher plant chloroplasts. Kanevski I., Maliga P., Rhoades D., Gutteridge S. 3351 Leaf photosynthesis in rice plants transformed with the antisense or sense gene to the small subunit of Rubisco. Makino A., Nakano H., Mae T., Shimada T., Matsuoka M., Shimamoto K., YamamotoN. 3355 Directed mutagenesis of the large subunit of tobacco Rubisco assessed in vivo. Whitney S.M., von Cammerer S., Hudson G.S., Andrews T.J. 3359 Rubisco SSMTand LSMT: related

Rubisco activation is impaired in transgenic tobacco plants with reduced electron transport capacity. Ruuska S.A., Andrews T.J., Badger M.R., Lilley R.McC., Price G.D., von Caemmerer S. 3371 Measurements of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activities by NMR. Wang Z.-Y., Luo S., Sato K., Kobayashi M., Nozawa T. 3375 Rubisco: kinetic constants of partial reactions and their relation to V max and KM. Viii J. 3379 Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) content in leaves, assimilatory charge and mesophyll conductance. Eichelmann H., Laisk A. 3383 Activation state or Rubisco under different partial pressures of CO2 during leaf aging of rice. Fukayama H., Uchida N., Azuma T., Yasuda T. 3387 The responses of Rubisco protein to long-term exposure to elevated CO2 in rice and bean leaves. Nakano H., Makino A., Mae T. 3391 Temperature acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus: balancing regeneration and carboxylation of ribulose bisphosphate. Hikosaka K., Murakami A., Hirose T. 3395 Phosphoribulokinase: mutagenesis of the mobile lid and ,,P-loop". Runquist J.A., Koteiche H.A., Harrison D.H.T., Miziorko H.M. 3399 Characterization of high and low molecular mass isoforms of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from the green alga Selenastrum minutum. Rivoal J., Trzos S., Gage D.A., Plaxton W.C., Turpin D.H. 3403 Regulatory phosphorylation of maize C4-form PEP carboxylase (PEPC): antibody detection system and purification of PEPC-protein kinase. Ueno Y., Emura J., Kumagaye K.Y., Nakajima K., Inami K., Shiba T., Hata S., lzuiK. 3407 Molecular evolution of C4-form PEP in maize: comparison of primary sequences and kinetic properties with a newly cloned recombinant root-form PEPC. Dong L.-Y., Masuda T., Hata S., lzui K. 3411 Enhanced affinity of C4 PEP carboxylase to bicarbonate on illumination in Amaranthus hypochondriacus leaves. Parvathi K., Bhagwat A.S., Raghavendra A.S. 3415 Modulation by calcium of PEP carboxylase and PEPC-protein kinase from leaves of Amaranthus hypochondriacus, an NAO-ME type C4 plant. Raghavendra A.S., Parvathi K., Gayathri J. 3419 ix

High level expression of C4 enzymes in transgenic rice plants. Agarie S., Tsuchida H., Ku M.S.B., Nomura M., Matsuoka M., Miyao- Tokutomi M. 3423 Massive inorganic carbon cycling in cyanobacteria geared to the energy transfer to PSII. Tchemov D., Keren N., Hess M., Ronen-Tarazi M., Luz B., Kaplan A. 3427 Is a metabolite in the glycolate pathway the signal for acclimation to changing ambient C(½ concentration? Shochat S., Zer H., Rosenbaum A., Kaplan A. 3431 Network of inorganic carbon uptake regulation in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803. Bedu S., Hisbergues M., Jeanjean R., de Marsac N.T., Joset F. 3435 Photosynthetic system of_a thermophilic cyanobacterium grown under high-C(½. Miyairi S. 3439 Adaptation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to limiting C(½ conditions. Moroney J.V., Burow M.D., Chen Z.-Y., Borkhsenious O.N., Mason C.B., Somanchi A. 3443 Main principles to build up the effective CO2 concentrating mechanism in cyanobacteria and microalgae. Fridlyand L.E. 3447 A PSII-associated carbonic anhydrase facilitates CO2 supply to carbon assimilation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Park Y.-1., Karlsson J., Rojdestvenski I., Pronina N., Klimov V.V., Oquist G., Samuelsson G. 3451 Effect of reduction in carbonic anhydrase activity caused by zinc deficiency on CO2 transfer resistance. Sasaki H., Hirose T., Watanabe Y., Ohsugi R. 3455 Morphological, ultrastructural and photosynthetic features of two freshwater angiosperms. Rascio N., Dalla Vecchia F., La Rocca N. 3459 Carbon dioxide diffusion inside C3 leaves. Evans J.R. 3463 Growth light intensity affects photosynthetic carbon metabolism in spinach. Battistelli A., Moscatello S., Proietti S., Salvini D., Scartazza A., Augusti A. 3467 The influence of leaf thickness on the C(½ transfer conductance and leaf ~13c for some-evergreen tree species. Hanba Y.T., Miyazawa S.-1., Terashima I. 3471 Gas exchange and environmental parameters at FBPase antisense potatoes. Muschak M:, Willmitzer L., Fisahn J. 3475 X

Chlorophyll fluorescence as an indicator of photosynthetic behaviour of in vitro chestnut during acclimatization at high CO2 availability. Carvalho L.F., Osorio M.L., Amancio S. 3479 Studies on CO2 exchange of scots pine needles using cuvette field measurements and a 3-dimensional stomatal model including gaseous phase and leaf mesophyll. Aalto T., Vesala T., Mattila T., Simbierowicz P., Harl P., Juurola E. 3483 Effect of low CO2 growth on psa E and des 6 cDNAs in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Somanchi A., Handley E.R., Moroney J.V. 3487 Effect of elevated air CO2 concentration on the CO2 assimilation of winter wheat. Harnos N., Szente K., Tuba Z. 3491 On importance of physical phenomena in the temperature dependence of photosynthesis - a sensitivity analysis. Juurola E., Vesala T., Aalto T., Markkanen T., Harl P. 3495 Stomatal regulation in transgenic tobacco plants with reduced levels of b6f complex. Siebke K., Badger M.R., Price G.D., von Caemmerer S. 3499

18. METABOLIC PATHWAYS 3503 Regulation of plant metabolism by protein phosphorylation. Possible regulation of sucrose-phosphate synthase by 14-3-3 proteins. Huber S.C., Toroser D., Winter H., Athwal G.S., Huber J.L. 3505 14-3-3 proteins: from plant nitrate reductase to wider roles in plant responses to hormones, stresses, and nutrients. MacKintosh C. 3511 Molecular cloning and characterization of cytosolic isoform of ribulose-5- phosphate 3-epimerase from rice. Kopriva S., Koprivova A., Suss K.-H. 3517 Disequilibrium of chloroplastic phosphoglucose isomerase inferred from deuterium isotope discrimination. Schleucher J., Vanderveer P., Markley J.L., Sharkey l';D. 3521 Information transfer in GAPDH-PRK complex of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Gontero B., Lebreton S., Avilan L., Ricard J. 3525 Differential regulation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases in the green alga Chlorella fusca. Valverde F., Losada M., Serrano A. 3529 Regulation of carbohydrate partitioning in wheat leaves. Trevanion S.J. 3533 xi

Synthesis of Floridean starch in the red alga Graci/aria gracilis occurs via ADP• glucose. Sesma J.1., Iglesias A.A. 3537 Overexpression of pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (PFP) in transgenic tobacco. Kuzma M.M., King S.P., Chalifoux M., Wood S.M., Blakeley S.D., Dennis D.T. 3541 Modulation of thioredoxin affinity for chloroplastic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase by electrostatic interactions. Mora-Garcia S., Duek P.D., Wolosiuk R.A. 3545 Chemical cross-linking between fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and thioredoxin f. Oc6n E., Hermoso R., Lazaro J.J. 3549 Two chloroplast fructose-1,6-bisphosphatases are expressed in rapeseed (Brassica napus). Rodriguez-Suarez R.J., D'Alessio A.C., Wolosiuk R.A. 3553 Effect of altering pod intensity on monocarpic senescence in cowpea. Srivalli B., Khanna-Chopra R. 3557 Effects of a maize SPS gene expressed in rice on its activity and carbon partitioning. Ono K., Furukawa K., Murata T., lshimaru K., Ozawa K., Ohkawa Y., Ohsugi R. 3561 Exploitation of non-photosynthetic enzymes to operate a C4-type ccm when [CO2] is low. Rao S.K., Reiskind J.B., Magnin N.C., Bowes G. 3565 Contribution to the study of the Hatch and Slack photosynthetic cycle. Part I: Purification of a PEPcase-MDH-malic enzyme multienzymatic complex in a C4 plant (sugarcane). Baret P., Queiroz C., Rouch C., Meunier J.C., Cadet F. 3571 Contribution to the study of the Hatch and Slack photosynthetic cycle. Part II: Kinetic properties of the PEPcase-MDH-malic enzyme multienzymatic complex purified from a C4 plant (sugarcane). Baret P., Queiroz C., Rouch C., Meunier J.C., Cadet F. 3575 NADP-malic enzyme from the C3-C4 intermediate species Flaveriafloridana. Andreo C.S., Casati P., Fresco A., Drincovich M.F. 3579 Identification of one pair of domain-locking, redox-sensitive cysteine residues in maize chloroplast malate dehydrogenase. Muslin E.H., Anderson L.E. 3583 Metabolic effects of water deficit in crop tropical plants. Castrillo M., Fernandez D., Calcagno A.M., Trujillo I. 3587 xii

Identification of metal-binding site of maize NADP-malic enzyme by affinity cleavage by Fe2+-ascorbate. Rao S.R., Karnath B.G., Bhagwat A.S. 3591 Pyruvate, Pi dikinase of CAM plants: species variation in the subcellular localization as revealed by immunoelectron microscopy. Kondo A., Nose A., Yuasa H., Ueno 0. 3595 Temperature and pH responses of phosphofructokinase from three CAM plants, Ananas comosus, Kalanchoe pinnata, and K. daigremontiana. Nose A., Miyata A., Kobayashi K., Wasano K. 3599 FD-GOGAT is necessary for the integration of photosynthetic C- and N- assimilation in cyanobacterium. Okuhara H., Matsumura T., Fujita Y., Hase T. 3603 Ammonium assimilation in cyanobacteria. The regulation of the GS-GOGAT pathway. Florencio F.J., Garcia-Dominguez M., Martin-Figueroa E., Crespo J.L., Navarro F., Muro-Pastor M.I., Reyes J.C. 3607 Unidentified nitrogen in the metabolites of nitrogen dioxide in plant leaves. Arimura G.-i., ,Takahashi M., Goshima N., Morikawa H. 3613 Is nitrite reductase essential in the metabolism of nitrogen in plants? Takahashi M., Caboche M., Morikawa H. 3617 NO2-uptake by a NO2-transporter of chloroplast envelope. Takahashi M., Haruki H., Sugiura M. 3621 Electron ~ow from NADPH to ferredoxin in support of NO2-reduction. Jin T., Huppe H.C., Turpin D.H. 3625 Influence of nitrogen availability on sulfate assimilation pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. KoprivovaA., Brunold C., Kopriva S. 3629 Responses of the microalga Dunaliella salina to sulfur limitation. Giordano M., Hell R., Pezzoni V. 3633 Riboflavin biosynthetic enzymes. Jordan D.B., Bacot K.O., Carlson T.J., Picollelli M.P., Wawrzak Z., Kessel M., Viitanen P.V. 3637 xiii

19. MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY 3641 Regulation of CO2 assimilation rate by the chloroplast cytochrome bfcomplex. von Caemmerer S., Ruuska S.A., Price G.D., Evans J.R., Anderson J.M., Andrews T.J., Badger M.R. 3643 The plastidic ATP/ ADP-transporter: implications for starch metabolism in chloroplasts and storage plastids. Neuhaus E., Tjaden J., Mohlmann T. 3649 Light-dependent regulatory mechanism acting on photosynthetic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in C4 plants. Vidal J., Rydz S., Coursol S., Grisvard J., Pierre J.-N. 3653 Mutants of C4 photosynthesis. Leegood R.C., Bailey K.J., Ireland R.J., Dever L.V., Lea P.J. 3659 Operation of coupled and non-coupled pathways of mitochondrial electron transport in photosynthetic plant cell. lgamberdiev A.U., Bykova N.V., Gardestrom P. 3665 Relationship between photosynthetic rate and turnover of the D l protein of PSII. Morrison B.C., Critchley C. 3671 cemA homologue in cyanobacteria (pxcA) involved in proton exchange. Sonoda M., Katoh H., Vermaas W., Ogawa T. 3675 Evidence for the widespread distribution of membrane-bound inorganic pyrophosphatases among photosynthetic prokaryotes. Garcia-Donas I., Perez-Castineira J.R., Rea P.A., Drozdowicz Y.M., Baltscheffsky M., Losada M., Serrano A. 3679 Structural diversity and functional conservation of soluble inorganic pyrophosphatases from photosynthetic prokaryotes and plastids. Gomez R., Loffelhardt W., Losada M., Serrano A. 3683 Construction and characteristics of two hybrids between pea thioredoxins m andf. Lopez Jaramillo J., Chueca A., Sahrawy M., Wangensteen 0., Cazalis R., Lopez GorgeJ. 3687 Antisense downregulation of SPS in Arabidopsis thaliana. Strand A., Zrenner R., Stitt M., Gustafsson P., Gardestrom P. 3691 Molecular crowding and cytoskeletal proteins affect the allosteric regulatory properties of ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase. Gomez Casali D.F., Aon M.A., Iglesias A.A. 3695 The role of the C-terminal extension of sorghum NADP-malate dehydrogenase in the inhibition of its reductive activation by NADP. Miginiac-Maslow M., Ruelland E., Schepens I., lssakidis-Bourguet E., Decottignies P. 3699 xiv

Mechanism of auto-inhibition of NADP-malate dehydrogenase by its C-tenninal extension. Ruelland E., Decottignies P., Djukic N., Miginiac-Maslow M. 3703 Differences between Chromatium minutissimum and Rhodospirillum rubrum in phytohonnonal composition. Serdyuk O.P., Smolygina L.D., Ivanova E.P. 3707 Regulation of photosynthesis and translocation of photosynthates by endogenous phytohonnons in leaves during ontogenesis. Kiselyova I.S., Borzenkova R.A. 3711 Photorespiratory metabolism of Wolffia arrhiza. Bykova N.V., Popova I.V., Igamberdiev A.U. 3715 Non-enzymic cleavage of ketoses as a source of glycolate. Maksimovic V., Vucinic Z. 3719 The release of CO2 from tall fescue leaves following photosynthesis under photorespiratory and non-photorespiratory conditions. Parys E., Romanowska E. 3723 Mitochondrial oxidative electron transport optimizes photosynthesis in mesophyll protoplasts of pea. Padmasree K., Raghavendra A.S. 3727 Regulation of the photosynthetic and respiratory CO2 exchange in leaves by external factors in the light. Parnik T., Gardestrom P., lvanova H., Keerberg 0. 3731 813c of CO2 respired in the dark and leaf carbohydrates in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under progressive drought. Duranceau M., Ghashghaie J., Badeck F., Deleens E., Comic G. 3735 Transpiration has a function of assimilate redistribution in the whole plant. Chikov V., Bakirova G., Avvakumova N. 3739 Robustness and time-scale hierarchy in biological systems. Rojdestvenski I., Cottam M., Park Y.-1., Samuelsson G., Oquist G. 3743

20. PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION; HERBICIDES 3747 The circadian rhythm in the expression of nitrate reductase in tomato is driven by changes in protein level and not by protein phosphorylation. Tucker D.E., Ort D.R. 3749 Photosynthetic responses to drought of two grapevine varieties of contrasting origin. Schultz H.R. 3755 xv

Fluridone- and light-affected chloroplast ultrastructure and ABA accumulation in drought-stressed barley. Popova L.P. 3761 Inorganic nitrogen signal transduction for expression of maize C4Ppc 1. Sugiyama T., Sakakibara H., Taniguchi M. 3767 Improved growth of pepper under reduced light intensity. Centritto M., Delfine S., Villani M.C., Occhionero A., Loreto F., Alvino A., Di Marco G. 3773 Microelements as photosynthesis regulators in peach trees. Titova N., Shishkanu G. 3777 Comparative effects of iron, manganese and boron deficiencies in vine-leaf (Vitis vinifera) based on polyphasic chlorophyll a fluorescence transient. Eyletters M., Bitaud C., Lannoye R. 3781 The photosynthetic activity of the vine bush with the new architectonics. Malina R., Scurtu G., Roshca H. 3785 Changes in photosynthetic parameters of evolutionary different species of Triticum and Aegilops grown at high and low nitrogen availability. Gloser J., Bartak M., Gloser V. 3789 Regulation of sucrose metabolism in spring and winter wheat. Savitch L.V., Harney T., Huner N.P.A. 3793 Optimal photosynthetic type of wheat plant and biotechnological approaches to crop improvement. Kershanskaya 0.1. 3797 Concomitant measurements of biomass increase and photosynthetic activity of maize during the vegetation period. Milovanovic Lj., Veljovic-Jovanovic S., Jovanovic Lj., Vucinic Z. 3801 QTL mapping associated to photosynthesis in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Bressan-Smith R., Pereira M.G. 3805 The effect of elevated [CO2] on photosynthesis, carbon and nitrogen allocation in cherry leaves. Centritto M., Lee H., Jarvis P. 3809 Fruit photosynthesis. Blanke M.M. 3813 The ultrastructure of the chloroplasts in kiwifruit pulp. Wang G.-X., Zong Y.-C., Wang H.-J., Liang L.-S., Zhong Z.-P., Shi D.-J. 3817 Influence of root system restriction on physiological characteristics of four papaya genotypes. Campostrini E., Yamamishi O.K. 3821 Photosynthetic pigment content and essential oil yield of Ocimum basilicum L. during different stages of growth in the field. Misra M. 3825 xvi

Importance of photosynthesis of various organs in protein synthesis in grain of wheat genotypes under water stress. Aliev J .A. 3829 Photosynthetic characteristics of rolling leaf wheat lines in response to drought stress. Jones H.G., Kershanskaya 0.1., Bogdanova E.D. 3833 Heat stress on rice leaves probed by the fluorescence transient OKJIP. Vani B., Mohanty P., Eggenberg P., Strasser B.J., Strasser R.J. 3837 Differential sensitivities of photofunctions of thylakoid membranes to in vivo elevated temperature stress in Oryza sativa (var. Kalinga III) seedlings. Vani B., Saradhi P.P., Mohanty P. 3841 Effects of chilling on photosynthesis in the C4 grass Miscanthus x giganteus. Farage P.K., Baker N.R., Morison J.I.L., Long S.P. 3845 Effects of growth temperature on Lupinus albus photosynthetic responses to phosphorus availability. Osorio M.L., Ricardo C.P.P., Chaves M.M. 3849 Acclimatization of micropropagated tobacco plantlets. Kadlecek P., Ticha I., Capkova V., Schafer C. 3853 Chlorophyll fluorescence can be used to identify plant species automatically. Tyystjarvi E., Keranen M., Koski A., Nevelainen 0., Aro E.-M. 3857 Plant p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase. A target for new bleaching herbicides. Garcia I., Rodgers M., Pepin R., Hsieh T.-F., Matringe M. 3861 Effects of amitrole and norflurazon on carotenogenesis in barley plants grown at different temperatures. La Rocca N., Bonora A., Dalla Vecchia F., Barbato R., Rascio N. 3865 Effects of salicylic acid and related compounds on photosynthetic parameters in young maize (Zea mays L.) plants. Janda T., Szalai G., Antunovics Zs., Ducruet J.-M., Paldi E. 3869 Photosynthetic apparatus of maize plants as influenced by spraying with urea. Moursi M.A., Nour El-Din N.A., El-Bagoury O.H., Saad A.O.M., Ashour N.I. 3873 Impairment of photosystem II acceptor side of spinach chloroplasts induced by tricolorin A. Achnine L., Pereda-Miranda R., Iglesias-Prieto R., Lotina-Hennsen B. 3877 3H-leucine incorporation in short and long-term herbicide treatments in variously tolerant higher plants. Pace E., Esposito D., Rizzuto M., Pompili L., Giardi M.T. 3881 Effects of exogenous electron acceptors on kinetic characteristics of prompt and delayed fluorescence in atrazine inhibited thylakoid membranes. Goltsev V., Traikov L., Hristov V. 3885 xvii

Evidence that phenolic inhibitors of Qa have long-range effects on the S-state transitions. Roberts A., Townsend J.S., Kramer D.M. 3889 Response of maize plants to pre-emergence application of herbicides monitored by fast chlorophyll fluorescence induction. Matouskova M., Naus J., Flasarova M. 3893 Measurements of herbicide action on the photosynthetic components of whole leaves with the leaf-flash spectrometer. Kretschmann H., Saygin 6. 3897 Altered light response of xanthophyll cycle in herbicide-resistant Erigeron canadensis biotypes in the presence of paraquat. Varadi Gy., Dark6 E., Lehoczki E. 3901 Effect of paraquat measured via in vivo P-700 oxidation at 820 nm on paraquat• susceptible and resistant Erigeron canadensis (CRONQ.) biotypes. Cseh R., Almasi L., Lehoczki E. 3905 Loss of H2O2-scavenging capacity due to inactivation of ascorbate peroxidase in methylviologen-fed leaves, an estimation by electron spin resonance spectrometry. Mano J., Ohno C., Asada K. 3909 Damage caused to the photosynthetic apparatus due to uncontrolled application of the pesticide, endosulfan: thermoluminescence and fluorescence studies. Gaikwad J.U., Thomas S., Aghav S.D., Vidyasagar P.B. 3913 Dicotyledons sensitive to herbicides that inhibit acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase. Christopher J.T., Holtum J.A.M. 3917

21. ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS 3921 Elevating CO2 and plant productivity in the 21st century. Bazzaz F.A. 3923 The oceanic photosynthetic engine: origins, evolution, and role in global biogeochemical cycles. Falkowski P.G. 3941 Photosynthesis of rain forests at a large scale. Grace J. 3949 Photosynthetic characteristics of CAM succulents with high productivity. Nobel P.S. 3955 CO2 diffusion inside leaf mesophyll of ligneous plants. Genty B., Meyer S., Piel C., Badeck F., Liozon R. 3961 xviii

Dry matter partitioning in Phaseolus vulgaris var. nanus cultivated under elevated CO2 modified by light intensity and the mode of nitrogen supply. Bolhar-NordenkampfH.R., Unger M.Th., Meister M.H. 3967 Protective strategies in plants exposed to high visible and UV-B (280-315 nm) radiation. Bornman J.F. 3973 Flavodoxin as an in situ marker for the detection of iron stress in marine phytoplankton from high nutrient low chlorophyll waters. La Roche J., McKay R.M., Boyd P. 3979 The analysis of the photosynthetic apparatus of fresh-water phytoplankton: problems - progress - perspectives. Wilhelm C., Becker A., Domin A., Gilbert M., Jakob T., Lohmann C. 3985 Development of the photosynthetic apparatus in Australian rainforest leaves. Robinson S.A., Russell A.W. 3991 Slow leaf development in evergreen trees. Miyazawa S.-1., Terashima I. 3995 Fast induction of photosynthesis in light dependent and shade tolerant forest trees. Hansen U., Schulte M. 3999 Is there shade acclimation of photosynthesis in a scots pine canopy? Palmroth S. 4003 Light and stress tolerance in high mountain plants is achieved by multiple strategies. Streb P., Shang W., Feierabend J. 4007 Evaluation of photoinhibition on single-leaf and whole-plant photosynthesis of Mediterranean macchia species. Werner C., Correia 0., Ryel R.J., Beyschlag W. 4011 Daily patterns of photosynthesis of two Mediterranean shrubs in response to water deficit. Munne-Bosch S., Nogues S., Alegre L. 4015 Photosynthetic activity during autumnal breakdown of chlorophyll in tree species. Babani F., Balota M., Lichtenthaler H.K. 4019 Effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on Rubisco in scots pine after one year of exposure in closed top chambers. Tuhkanen E.-M., Laitinen K., Kellomiiki S., Vapaavuori E. 4023 Protein adjustments of wheat flag leaves in response to atmospheric carbon dioxide enrichment. Sieber R.C., Bunce J.A. 4027 The effects of increased atmospheric CO2 on growth, carbohydrates and photosynthesis in radish, Raphanus sativus. Usuda H., Shimogawara K. 4031 xix

Acclimation of Lolium temulentum to growth at elevated CO2. Lewis C.E., Causton D.R., Peratoner G., Cairns A.J., Foyer C.H. 4035 Photosynthetic characteristics of leaves of a dioecious species (Pistacia lentiscus L.) under summer stress conditions. Correia 0., Diaz Barradas M.C. 4039 Adaptive responses of leaves to drought in production process: which of them are advantageous for maintaining photosynthesis and productivity? Brestic M., Olsovska K., Mika J ., Kostrej A. 4043 Specific features of photosynthetic apparatus of plants in hight mountain deserts of the Pamirs under ecological stress. Kondratchouk A., Pyankov V. 4047 Exploring the role of extracellular ascorbate in mediating ozone tolerance. Turcsanyi E., Plochl M., Barnes J. 4051 Ecophysiology of perennial grasses under water deficits and competition. Pedrol N., Ramos P., Reigosa M.J. 4053 The role of photosynthetic activity in the vulnerability of an insular biome to invasion by alien species. Dulai S., Molnar I., Lehoczki E., P6cs T. 4057 Chlorophyll fluorescence induction in annual and perennial leaves. Force L.E., Critchley C., van Rensen J.J.S. 4061 Fv/Fm as a stress indicator for woody plants from urban-ecosystem. Makarova V., Kazimirko Yu., Krendeleva T., Kukarskikh G., Lavrukhina 0., Pogosyan S., Yakovleva 0. 4065 Estimation of the photosynthetic electron flow in intact leaves: effect of modulated light intensity on the fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm and ~F/Fm'. Tsuyama M., Kobayashi Y. 4069 Screening glyphosate-induced changes in the photosynthesis of duckweed Lemna gibba L. by using chlorophyll fluorescence induction method. Meszaros I., Lakatos Gy ., Veres Sz., Papp A., Lanszki I. 4073 Photosynthetic properties of Phragmites australis in the healthy and die-back sites of Lake Ferto/Neusiedlersee. Lakatos Gy., Meszaros I., Dinka M., Veres Sz. 4077 Photosynthetic responses to spatial and diurnal variations of light conditions in seedlings of three deciduous tree species. Meszaros I., Toth V.R., Veres Sz. 4081 Investigation of the photosynthetical properties of Hypnum cupressiforme moss types adapted to different stress factors. Marschall Z., Peli E.R., Cseh R. 4085 Ecophysiological responses of the desiccation tolerant moss, Tortu/a ruralis to elevated CO2 level and heavy metal stress. Takacs Z., Csintalan Zs., Lichtenthaler H.K., Tuba Z. 4089 xx

Lichen's adaptation to altitude. Fernandez E., Quilhot W., Rubio C., Barre E. 4093 Diversity of Kranz-anatomy and biochemical types of CO2 fixation in leaves and cotyledons among Chnopodiaceae family. Pyankov V., Kuzmin A., Ku M., Black C., Artyusheva E., Edwards G. 4097 Genome changes in pine seeds after irradiation. Isaenkov S.V., Sokolov N.V., Sorochinsky B.V. 4101 Modeling net photosynthesis based on temperature and light in colonial Phaeocystic antarctica Karsten. Moisan T.A., Mitchell B.G. 4105 Relationship between chlorophyll fluorescence quenching and 02 evolution in microalgae. Serodio J., da Silva J.M., Catarino F. 4109 Biomonitoring of coral reef and temperate foraminifers by the chi a fluorescence rise O-J-1-P of their symbionts. Tsimilli-Michael M., Pecheux M., Strasser R.J. 4113 A simple volumetric method for primary production measurements in sediments. Latala A. 4117

22. BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 4121 Reduction of tellurite and selenite by photosynthetic bacteria. Sabaty M., Bebien M., Avazeri C., Yurkov V., Richaud P., Vermeglio A. 4123 Application of light-emitting diodes (LED's) in algal culture: in culture light harvesting efficiency of the green alga Chlorella and the cyanobacterium Calothrix. Matthijs H.C.P., Balke H., van Hes U.M., Mur L.R. 4129 Effect of light-dark cycle on photo-hydrogen production by photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides RV. Wakayama T., Toriyama A., Kawasugi T., Asada Y., Miyake J. 4135 Hydrogen production by photosynthetic bacteria: the relationship between light wavelength and hydrogen production. Nakada E., Nishikata S., Asada Y., Miyake J. 4139 Some characteristics of regulation of nitrogenase and hydrogen producing activities in cyanobacteria. Masukawa H., Mochimaru M., Sakurai H. 4143 Effect of pH on poly-~-hydroxybutyrate accumulation by Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Khatipov E., Tsygankov A., Miyake M., Zorin N., Miyake J., Asada Y. 4147 xxi

Immobilization of chloroplasts: photobioreactor with P450 monooxygenase. Hara M., Iazvovskaia S., Ohkawa H., Asada Y., Miyake J. 4151 Isolation and analysis of poly-p-hydroxybutyrate granules from cyanobacteria. Miyake M., Khatipov E., Kataoka K., Sirai M., Kurane R., Asada Y. 4155 Photosynthesis and productivity response to changes in blue/red light ratio in Dunaliella bardawil under field conditions. Ashkenazi R., Yakir D., Yogev A. 4159 Production of omega-3 fatty acids by the microalga Monodus subterraneus. Lam P.P., Chen F. 4163 Changes in the photosynthetic apparatus during accumulation of secondary carotenoids in flagellates of Haematococcus pluvialis. Hagen C., Schmidt S., Muller J. 4167 Photoinhibition and its recovery of Spirulina platensis in photoautotrophic and mixotrophic cultures. Cheung S.M., Vonshak A., Chen F. 4171 Ultrastructural aspects of photoautotrophic Chrysanthemum culture. Cristea V., Dalla Vecchia F., Criiciun C., La Rocca N. 4175 Exogenous electrical stimulation of tomato plants: induction of proteinase inhibitor II gene expression and control of photosynthetic activity. Herde 0., Willmitzer L., Fisahn J. 4179

23. ARTIFICIAL SYSTEMS 4183 A model for the primary photochemistry of photochemistry of photosystem II. Bumann D., Oesterhelt D. 4185 Using synthetic model systems to understand charge separation and spin dynamics in photosynthetic reaction centers. Wasielewski M.R., Wiederrecht G.P., Svec W.A., Niemczyk M.P., Hasharoni K., Galili T., Regev A., Levanon H. 4193 Synthetic protein maquette design for light activated intraprotein electron transfer. Moser C.C., Sharp R.E., Gibney B.R., Isogai Y., Dutton P.L. 4201 Bacteriochlorophyll-serine based photochemotherapy: type III PDT? Scherz A., Katz S., Vakrat Y., Brumfeld V., Gabelmann E., Zilberstein J., Leupold D., Norris J.R., Scheer H., Salomon Y. 4207 Synthetic four-helix-bundle protein carrying 1 or 2 chlorophyll derivatives. Struck A., Snigula H., Rau H-K., Horth P., Scheer H., Haehnel W. 4213 Light-induced electron transfer between a substituted tyrosine and [Ru(bpy)3]2+ Burkitt M.J., Frapart Y., Kenez P., Sun L., Tamm M., Magnuson A., Akermark B., Styring S. 4217 xxii

Radical maquettes as models of radical enzymes. Tommos C., Skalicky J.J., Wand A.J., Dutton P.L. 4221 Axial ligand coordination and photodissociation of nickel substituted bacteriochlorophyll-a. Noy D., Brumfeld V., Ashur I., Yerushalmi R., Scheer H., Scherz A. 4225 Stable photosynthetic complex of Rhodospirillum rubrum in reverse micelles. Obregon C., Srivastava A., Darszon A., Strasser R.J. 4229 Nature of chlorophyll a self-assembly in mixed polar environments. Vladkova R. 4233 Chlorophyll a - photoactive species in photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical devices. Tugulea L.G., Antohe S., Dulcu I. 4237 Photopotential generation in green bacteria cells and cell fragments located in an electrochemical cell. Ptak A., Dudkowiak A., Friickowiak D. 4241

24. EMERGING TECHNIQUES 4245 A new high-sensitivity 10-ns time-resolution spectrophotometric technique adapted to in vivo analysis of the photosynthetic apparatus. Joliot P., Beal, D., Rappaport F. 4247 Chlorophyll fluorescence: new instruments for special applications. Schreiber U. 4253 Topography of leaf carbon metabolism as analyzed by chlorophyll a-fluorescence. Weis E., Meng Q., Siebke K., Lippert P., Esfeld P. 4259 An instrument for the measurement of sunlight excited plant fluorescence. Moya I., Camenen L., Latouche G., Mauxion C., Evain S., Cerovic Z.G. 4265 Patch clamping the photosynthetic membrane: a sensitive tool to study chloroplast bioenergetics. Vredenberg W.J., Dassen J.H.A., Snel J.F.H. 4271 Non-uniform chlorophyll fluorescence quenching during photosynthetic induction in wilting leaves, as revealed by a field-portable imaging system. Osmond C.B., Biichen-Osmond C., Daley P.F. 4277 Diffusive and non-diffusive limitations of heterogeneous photosynthesis determined by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging for Rosa rubiginosa L. leaves. Meyer S., Genty B. 4281 Retrieval of the actually emitted chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves. Buschmann C., Gitelson A.A., Lichtenthaler H.K. 4285 xxiii

Fluorescence imaging of photosynthetic activity in stressed plants via chlorophyll fluorescence. Wenzel 0., Lichtenthaler H.K. 4289 Screening of Arabidopsis mutants lacking down-regulation of photosystem II using an imaging system of chlorophyll fluorescence. Shikanai T., Shimizu K., Endo T., Hashimoto T. 4293 Fast-response double-modulation fluorometer. Kaftan D., Trtilek M., Kroon B., Nedbal L. 4297 Rapid depth-profiling of the distribution of 'spectral groups' of microalgae in lakes, rivers and in the sea. The method and a newly-developed submersible instrument which utilizes excitation of chlorophyll fluorescence in five distinct wavelength ranges. Beutler M., Wiltshire K.H., Meyer B., Moldaenke C., Dau H. 4301 Continuous chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange measurements as a new approach to study water stress effects on leaf photosynthesis. Flexas J., Briantais J.-M., Cerovic Z., Medrano H., Moya I. 4305 Photosynthetic induction in iron-deficient sugar beet leaves: a time-resolved, laser-induced chlorophyll fluorescence study. Morales F., Belkhodja R., Goulas Y., Abadia J., Moya I. 4309 Chlorophyll a fluorescence senses water and NaCl fluxes acrQ_ss plasma membranes of cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC7942. Stamatakis K., Ladas N.P., Alygizaki-Zorba A., Papageorgiou G.C. 4313 The energetic connectivity of PSII centres in higher plants probed in vivo by the fast fluorescence rise O-J-1-P and numerical simulations. Stirbet A.O., Srivastava A., Strasser R.J. 4317 Activity and heterogeneity of PSII probed in vivo by the chlorophyll a fluorescence rise O-(K)-J-I-P. Strasser R.J., Tsimilli-Michael, M. 4321 Oscillations of the chlorophyll a fluorescence related to the S-states of the oxyen evolving complex. Strasser B.J., Strasser R.J. 4325 Inhibition of chlororespiration does not affect the Fo in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Geel C., Groen-Versluis W., Snel J.F.H. 4329 Study of fluorescence phenomena in greening barley leaves. Juneau P., Popovic R. 4333 Portable plant health measurement system. AksoyN. 4337 Flow cytometry of protoplasts from C4 plants. Pfiindel E., Meister A. 4341 xxiv

A study ofthylakoid membrane architecture by confocal microscopy. Mehta M., Critchley C. 4345 Spectral and time-resolved analysis of light-induced changes of NADPH fluorescence in chloroplasts. Latouche G., Montagnini F., Cerovic Z.G., Moya I. 4349 Thermoluminescence of plant leaves. Instrumental and experimental aspects. Ducruet J.-M., Toulouse A., Roman M. 4353 Measuring P700 absorbance changes in the near infrared spectral region with a dual wavelength pulse modulation system. Klughammer C., Schreiber U. 4357 Possibilities of new system for LD/DC measurements in photosynthesis research. Durchan M., Vacha F., Motejl M., Stys D. 4361 Photoselection effects in EPR-detected triplet states of photosynthetic pigment molecules. Proskuryakov I.I., Klenina LB., Borovykh I.V., Gast P., Hoff A.J. 4365 Photoselection in ESP spectra of photosynthetic reaction centers. Borovykh I.V., Klenina LB., Gast P., Hoff A.J., Proskuryakov I.I. 4369 Nanosecond protein dynamics of the RC and LH complexes as measured by coherent inelastic neutron spin-echo spectroscopy. Gall A., Seguin J., Bellissent-Funel M.-C., Robert B. 4373 Separation and characterisation of wheat protein PSII by high resolution chromatography techniques. Zolla L., Huber C.G., Timperio A.M., Bianchetti M., Corradini D. 4377 Imaging the native covalent state of thylakoid proteins by electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. Whitelegge J.P., Faull K.F., Gundersen C.B., Gomez S.M. 4381

25. EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS 4385 Photosynthesis and the World Wide Web. Orr L., Govindjee 4387 Problems with answers from photosynthesis: a way to teach biophysics Mar6ti P. 4393

Keyword Index xxv

Author Index xiv