Photosynthesis: Mechanisms and Effects Photosynthesis: Mechanisms and Effects Volume 1-V Proceedings of the Xlth International Congress on Photosynthesis, Budapest, Hungary, August 17-22, 1998 edited by G.GARAB Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-0-7923-5542-7 (Vol. 1) ISBN 978-0-7923-5543-4 (Vol. 2) ISBN 978-0-7923-5544-1 (Vol. 3) ISBN 978-0-7923-5545-8 (Vol. 4) ISBN 978-0-7923-5546-5 (Vol. 5) ISBN 978-0-7923-5547-2 (set) ISBN 978-94-011-3953-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-3953-3 Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Sold and distributed in North, Central and South America by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands. All Rights Reserved ©1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner Edesanyanak es Anik{mak GENERAL CONTENTS VOLUME I 1. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF ANTENNA COMPLEXES. I. 1 2. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF ANTENNA COMPLEXES. II. 237 3. REACTION CENTERS. I. GREEN-SULFUR AND HELIOBACTERIA; PHOTOSYSTEM I 495 VOLUME II 4. REACTION CENTERS. II. PURPLE BACTERIA AND PHOTOSYSTEM II 671 5. OXYGEN EVOLUTION 1231 VOLUME Ill 6. CYTOCHROME COMPLEXES; SOLUBLE ELECTRON TRANSFER PROTEINS 1479 7. ENERGY TRANSDUCTION; ATP SYNTHASE 1633 8. FUNCTIONS OF LIPIDS AND ARCHITECTURE OF MEMBRANES 1775 9. AUXILIARY AND REGULATORY ENZYMES IN CHLOROPLASTS 1851 10. UV-B AND VISIBLE LIGTH STRESS 2083 VOLUME IV 11. PHYSIOLOGY OF PLANTS UNDER BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC STRESS 2417 12. LIGHT SENSORY SYSTEMS; METABOLIC SIGNALS 2769 13. PHOTOSYNTHETIC GENES. I. PROKARYOTES 2825 14. PHOTOSYNTHETIC GENES. II. EUKARYOTES 2941 15. BIOSYNTHESIS AND ASSEMBLY. I. PROTEINS 3047 16. BIOSYNTHESIS AND ASSEMBLY. II. PIGMENTS 3187 VOLUMEV 17. CO2 ENTRY, CONCENTRATION AND FIXATION 3305 18. METABOLIC PATHWAYS 3503 19. MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY 3641 20. PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION; HERBICIDES 3747 21. ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS 3921 22. BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 4121 23. ARTIFICIAL SYSTEMS 4183 24. EMERGING TECHNIQUES 4245 25. EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS 4385 Preface Photosynthesis is a process on which virtually all life on Earth depends. The scale and significance of photosynthesis are really enonnous: by converting solar energy to chemical energy accounting for about 3.2 x 1021 J per annum photosynthetic organisms provide ample food for the entire biosphere; the high concentration of molecular oxygen in the atmosphere, and thereby indirectly the ozone 'shield', result from photosynthesis; by fixing carbon dioxide to organic matter in amounts excess of 10 11 tons yearly photosynthesis has supplied us with fossil energy carriers; paradoxically, it must also play a key role in 'thennostating' our globe in the age when the emission of CO2 has increased largely to the combustion of these products. It is fascinating that most of these processes, the origins of which date back more than 3.5 billion years, in fact occur on a time scale between femtosecond and seconds. It is perhaps even more remarkable how these processes can depend so critically on some atomic details of molecular structures, or on the architecture of the photosynthetic membranes which at a microscopic level represent an incredibly high complexity and molecular organization. To answer the basic questions at all levels of complexity, from molecules to ecosystems, and to establish correlations and interactions between these levels, photosynthesis research (perhaps more than any other discipline in biology) requires a multidisciplinary approach. Congresses probably provide the only .forums where progress throughout the entire field can be overviewed. The Congress in Budapest, which brought together nearly 1300 scientists from all over the world, with interest in numerous aspects of science, probably dealt with all the recent major results and all the open questions of photosynthesis reasearch. The present publication contains the vast majority of papers by the plenary and symposium lecturers and poster contributors. The papers are arranged according to the topical symposia of the Congress. In order to facilitate finding all papers of potential interest, the book is supplemented with a key word index. This index is primarily based on a predefined list, but also contains additional expressions introduced by different authors. To facilitate browsing according to key words, authors and titles (or,any combinations of these entries), a search-table is provided on the following web sites: http://biophy.physx.uszeged.hu/photosyn.htm (home page of the Congress) http://www.wkap.nl (Kluwer Academic Publisher) On behalf of the Hungarian Organizing Committee, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to the leadership of the International Society of Photosynthesis Research, and in particular to Wolfgang Junge, for continuous interest and advice. My thanks are due to all members of the Program Committee, and especially Paul Mathis, for helping shape the scientific program. I am also extremely grateful to organizers of previous congresses and meetings (let me name only Norio Murata here) for sharing their experience with us so readily. I would like to express thanks on behalf of all Hungarian colleagues working in the field of photosynthesis research to our patrons, whose help was instrumental in bringing this most prestigous event into life in Hungary. I would further like to express my sincerest gratitude to all members of the Hungarian Organizing Committee for their hard work, and most warmly to Zsuzsanna Varkonyi, Gabor Horvath and Magdolna Droppa, for their strong dedication to ensuring the success of the the Congress. My final words of thanks go to my coworkers, and to Ms. Gyongyver Szalmane Katona in most particular, for helping me during the years of preparation. September 1998 Gyozo Garab INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Wolfgang Junge (President), Donald R. Ort (Secretary), Norio Murata (Treasurer) Eva-Mari Aro, Robert E. Blankenship, Richard J. Cogdell, Arvi Freiberg, Susan Golden, Govindjee, Arnold J. Hoff, Aaron Kaplan, Vyacheslav V. Klimov, Anthony W.D. Larkum, Prasana Mohanty, Kimiyuki Satoh PROGRAM COMMITTEE Gy6z6 Garab and Paul Mathis (Chairmen), Joseph A. Berry, Richard J. Cogdell, Susan Golden, Norio Murata, Barry C. Osmond, Mark Stitt HUNGARIAN ORGANIZING COMMITTEE EXECUTIVE BOARD Gy z Garab (Chairman), Gabor Horvath and Ferenc Lang (Vice-chairmen), Bela BMdi (Local organizations), Magdolna Droppa (Cultural programs), Peter Mar6ti (Electronic communication), Balazs Szalontai (Treasurer), Zoltan Szigeti (Exhibitions), lmre Vass (Satellite meetings), Zsuzsanna Varkonyi (Secretary), Janos Pusztai (Director: accommodation, social programs), Klara Papp, Magdolna Pusztai Arpad Balogh, Borbala Bal6, Sandor Demeter, Judit Fidy, Zoltan Gombos, Endre Lehoczki, Gy6rgy Legrady, Ilona Meszaros, Laszl6 Mustardy, Arpad Nosticzius, Vince Ord6g, Emil Paldi, Elemer Papp, Eva Sarvari, Zoltan Tuba SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD Arpad Balogh, Gyorgy Borbely, Bela Boddi, Sandor Demeter, Judit Fidy, Zoltan Gombos, Gabor Horvath, Ferenc Lang, Endre Lehoczki, Peter Mar6ti, Laszl6 Mustardy, Ferenc Nagy, Emil Paldi, Balazs Szalontai, Zoltan Szigeti, Zoltan Tuba, Imre Vass, Laszl6 Vfgh PATRONS Ferenc Glatz, President of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Jozsef Hamori, Minister of Culture and Hungarian Heredity Jozsef Torgyan, Minister of Agriculture and Regional Development Istvan Lang, Chairman of the Hungarian National Environment Council Denes Dudits, Director-general, Biological Research Center, HAS, Szeged Peter Friedrich, President, Section of Biology, HAS Ferenc Kov;ics, President, Section of Agriculture, HAS Domus Hungarica Scientarium et Artium - European Science Foundation, Program "Biophysics of Photosynthesis" Foundation for Photosynthesis, Hungary Foundation for Industry, Hungary Hungarian Biophysical Society Hungarian Society for Plant Physiology National Committee for Technological Development of Hungary UNESCO, Basic Sciences Paul Mathis, Chairman, Xth International Congress on Photosynthesis COMMERCIAL EXHIBITORS ADC BioScientific Ltd. Hansatech Instruments Ltd.­ 12 Spurling Works, Pindar Rd. Narborough Rd. Pentney Hoddesdon, Herts PE 32 IJL Norfolk HNI! ODB, UK UK Australian Journal of Plant Physiology Instruments SA P.0.8. I 139, Collingwood Longjumeau 16-18 Canal, Victoria 3066 91165 Australia France CID Inc. Quibit Systems Inc. 4018 NH 112th Ave. Ste.D-8 I 34 Albert St. 98682 Vancouver Kingston Washington Ontario K7M3V2 USA Canada DMPAG Heinz Walz GmbH Zilrcherstrasse 35. Eichenring 6 CH-8604 Volketswil D-91090 Effeltrich Switzerland Germany Fluorescence Technology Instruments, Lucas-Cranach Weg 6 D-24568 Kaltenkirchen Germany CONTENTS TO VOLUME I 1. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF ANTENNA COMPLEXES. I. 1 Structure determination of antenna complexes using two-dimensional femtosecond electronic spectroscopies. Mukamel S., Zhang W.M., Chemyak V. 3 Ultrafast energy transfer from rhodopin glucoside in the light harvesting complexes of Rps. acidophila.