LEGAL VACUUM and LACK of TRANSPARENCY 2 23 Concentration

condition ofanonymity. onlyon ourquestions to answer that weapproached agreed marketdia experts andme analysts to this climate andtension,media some ofsensitivity Owing to respond. orclearly declined either responding avoided where they cases There were of the questions. only parts answered they Atby this research. best, addressed were therepresentatives reluctant about issues questions to answer However, collection. theofdata process outduring were carried media perts market ex andmedia analysts media representatives, media with of interviews anumber sate andunreliability for the scarcity of informationissues, onthese andfinances are ownership unreliable. mostly able onmedia data To compen avail Limited concerning issues. It these vacuum ofthe aresult is existing legal field inKosovo. oneofthe the media mainproblems to affecting be ing seems project. Observatory European Media East South 2015 until mid-July the outfrom within mid-October carried thatKosovo was role. democratic the publicinterest their andfulfilling them serving andprevent from the media power inorder to influence bythe andfinancial in Kosovo centres ofpolitical Variouspendence. used havebeen andfinancing ownership patterns ofmedia and inde freedom ment media that in Kosovo even determine influence or that operated in Kosovo after the war. after that inKosovo operated thethere endofthe after conflict, Ayear bymany context, inthe donors post-war to generous support thanks boom tal Indeed, onecould say adevelopmen scene experienced thatIndeed, the media Kosovo A lack of transparency in media ownership andinthe oftheir ownership forms financ inmedia A lackoftransparency andfinances in ownership on media of is a research result This report All existing broadcast media in Kosovo were launched after the war of 1999. the were war after in Kosovo launched media All existing broadcast 1 develop ofmedia aspects andfinances arecrucial ownership two Media by INTRODUCTION MEDIA OWNERSHIP AND FINANCES IN KOSOVO MEDIA OWNERSHIP LACK OF TRANSPARENCY LEGAL VACUUM AND ISUF BERISHA

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MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS 55 TV 55 (IMC Commission Media bythe Independent licensed inKosovo media broadcast 22 radioandTV Yet, identified businesses. private database agoanOSCE as 12years registered dia (93)dia businesses. private operate as 6 5 4 3 2 1 outlets. short-lived print media various s launched NGO s andother local NGO Alav s (Alem, NGO as were the registered were war after launched that print media ofthe Most minority businesses. private as andoperated tered (89were 112radioand 23 broadcasters Kosovo TV (2003/2004),there written situation ownership was inKosovo on the media ing were onehundred broadcasters. some which has the status of a public service broadcaster, the statuswhich ofapublicservice has me allother broadcasting from Apart s. NGO as outof103 are stillregistered broadcasters Onlyseven changed. scene has media situation ofthe regardingthe structure broadcast ownership Table 1 (20 TV AND 83 RADIO) 103 The vast majority of the broadcast media launched since media 1999 havebeen of majority the broadcast vast The ri%20i%20subjekteve%20transmetuese. Accessed 17 Julyri%20i%20subjekteve%20transmetuese. 2015. AvailableKosovë. http://kpm-ks.org/?pamja=dokumentet&gjuha=1&kerko=Adresa- at: të në licencuara transmetuese Adresari i subjekteve Commission, Media Independent Pluralism “Kosovo/a”,Berisha, Impact and its inMedia onMedia Ownership Independence and Accessed 17xls. July 2015. Available nëKosovë. cuar http://www.kpm-ks.org/materiale/dokument/1435753871.2781. at: të Programore licen- të Shërbimeve Adresari iOfertuesve Commission, Media Independent Accessed 17 Julyri%20i%20subjekteve%20transmetuese. 2015. AvailableKosovë. http://kpm-ks.org/?pamja=dokumentet&gjuha=1&kerko=Adresa- at: të në licencuara transmetuese Adresari i subjekteve Commission, Media Independent Ibid, p.228. Pluralism “Kosovo/a”,Berisha, Impact and its inMedia onMedia Ownership Independence and In the case of print media, all dailies established after 1999 after regis have established been alldailies ofprint media, In the case (IMC Commission Media Source: Independent BROADCASTERS and international broadcasters. At the time when the previous report At report andinternational theKFOR timewhenthe previous broadcasters. , etc.). Additionally,, etc.). war, the after years the first during few youth several ); 83 areofthem radioand20 TV ofthese channels registered with IMC with channels registered Radio TelevisionRadio ofKosovo (RTK KOSOVO BROADCASTERS BY TYPE OF OWNERSHIP , 2004, p.239. , 2004, p.220. s outof75 NGO broadcasters. as stations registered 3 PUBLIC as programme service providers. service programme as 1 In 2001 this number rose to 145, rose In2001 this number includ ), with oneTV ), with 93 PRIVATE ). 6

stations. stations). and two radio stations, andtworadiostations, 3 Inaddition,there are 2 Today there are 103 7 NGO Yehkipe, 5 Today, the 4

Romano - - - DEMOCRATIC ROLE. FULFILLING THEIR PUBLIC INTEREST AND FROM SERVING THE AND PREVENT THEM INFLUENCE THE MEDIA POWER IN ORDER TO AND FINANCIAL CENTRES OF POLITICAL USED IN KOSOVO BY THE FINANCING HAVE BEEN MEDIA OWNERSHIP AND VARIOUS PATTERNS OF

MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS MEDIA OWNERSHIP AND FINANCES IN KOSOVO LEGAL VACUUM AND LACK OF TRANSPARENCY 2 23 concentration. Following the somewhat nervous reaction by some media own media concentration. bysome reaction Following nervous the somewhat media analysts have raised questions about who exactly lies behind the whoexactly behind nomi about lies questions have raised analysts media Therefore, instead. cases, aresome given in ofcontactonly the persons names media ownership concentration ownership media inKosovo. concerns organisationsinternational regarding increased have media raised IMC 10 9 8 Ibid. 7 inKosovo. ownership ofmedia structure patterns can helpbetter understand the These to present inthe media. Kosovo bylaw,ognised there that patterns ownership are ofactual afew have been nal owners. ending ofthe mandateers andthe ofthe subsequent ofIMC then head to fulfil. were licenses obliged media forapplicants broadcasting thatcriteria setting outsix “Qualifications” titled document aone-page lished ( sue did notcontain any onconcentration provisions this is ownership, ofmedia inKosovo) 2000/36 (on media Regulation licensing ofbroadcast andregulation promulgated by regulations media the first provisional andconcentration.gain didnotthe issues attention transparency These of ownership concentration.ownership were ofqualifications intended onthis list orlimitmedia to prevent criteria issue is becoming more andmore problematic. becoming is issue Withproviders. this rapid expansion ofcompletely onlinemedia, unregulated additional set out the qualification criteria. outthe qualification set the IMC issues, concentration ownership Since media with then, aside. whendealing set ue was TMC

Underlying the three legal, formal types of media ownership that ownership are rec ofmedia Underlying types formal the legal, three 1.2 In 2006, IMC In 2006, Media%20in%20Kosovo%202015.pdf. Accessed 18Media%20in%20Kosovo%202015.pdf. July 2015. http://www.indep.info/documents/71012_INDEP%20-%20The%20State%20of%20the%20 Institute Policy, for Development Interview with Naile Krasniqi, CEO Naile with Krasniqi, Interview Office of the Commissioner,Media 22 2000. June Temporary Qualifications, Current media legislation in Kosovo does not cover media ownership ownership notcover media does inKosovo Current legislation media 1.1 The MEDIA OWNERSHIP PATTERNS REGULATION OF MEDIA OWNERSHIP ’s work has been in addressing these issues. Indeed, both the and Kosovo both Indeed, ’s issues. these inaddressing been work has was left to the authority left ofthe Temporaryde facto was Commissioner Media ). Indeed, in 2000, with his first call for media licensing, the licensing, call for media first his with in 2000, ). Indeed, IMC TV media database usually contains the names of owners. Sometimes, Sometimes, contains usually ofowners. the names database media channels that the with were registered has relied onthat relied has TMC initiated a public debate about a draft regulation on media onmedia apublicdebateregulation initiated adraft about 8

, IMC 9 The State of the The State in Media Kosovo 2015. Available at: It andadequate the illustrates howeffective , Pristina, 30 April 2015., Pristina, document released in 2000 inorder in2000 to released document 10 For example, RTV IMC UNMIK Since in 2000. as program service service program as launched five 21launched 7 The first three Thefirst three TMC , this iss pub - - - - - CONCENTRATION. TRANSPARENCY AND MEDIA OWNERSHIP DOES NOT COVER LEGISLATION IN KOSOVO CURRENT MEDIA

MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS MEDIA OWNERSHIP AND FINANCES IN KOSOVO LEGAL VACUUM AND LACK OF TRANSPARENCY 3 23 viewership. Still, RTK for years viewership. rating held tobythe be TV broadcast 12 11 1. of shares for percent herself, 20 went to herbrother Eugen, 10 percent to her Aferdita Saraçini-Kelmendi 60 kept percent force thedriving behind project, Kelmendi, Kelmendi herhusband Florin andherbrother a Eugen As Saraçini. while licences in2000, Kosovo-wide ofwhich gained both commercial broadcasters, areKosovo 3. 2. funds. to lack of owing onthis, outany survey norhavecarried they onratings, data available provider onlyoncable. service aprogram major players as

be known is suspicious andalarming. suspicious is known be notto choose that the owners ownership real fact inthis pattern ofmedia Thevery acover for owners. as real ornominalowners Hidden ownership September 2015. September Available http://www.kpm-ks.org/materiale/dokument/1382459651.3871.pdf. at: Accessed6 tëRepublikës sëKosovës Kalimin për Qytetarëve nëTransmetimin 2013. , September Digjital Kosova percent28 KTV which about aquestion contained for digitisation, ofKosovars the with readiness which deals However, ratings. butnotbroadcast one, the second ofviewership aspects various dresses penetration” and viewership (2011)media The firstone level ad- of of the “Valorization and 2013 the Interview with Naile Krasniqi, CEO Naile with Krasniqi, Interview ofKlan Kosovacase The RTV 1.3.1 (RTK broadcaster Apart the from publicservice 1.3 bythe interests. large companies for business their used own der to be inor were acquired or established they cases, show in most that, media these of sector. that theor corporations media policy operate outside editorial The bylarge companies outlets orofthe establishment ofmedia takeovers, media of cases There havebeen owners. media as Big companies orcorporations businesses. private that as ofthe arements media registered Family ownership as a pattern of media ownership is present in those seg present inthose is ownership Family apattern ofmedia as ownership inorder them to for interests. use their media own orto launch new media, this pattern to have infiltrate groups used of structure existing the ownership There are no reliable data on broadcast ratings. TheIMC There ratings. are no reliabledata on broadcast OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE OF THE MAIN TV CHANNELS TELEVISION MARKET Klan Kosova 12 was started in 2000 as a family business byAferdita Saraçini- business afamily as in2000 started 21was However, common itis for the highest whenthe ratings are measured, TV TV newscast was preferred by respondents; 32percent ofthem RTK preferred byrespondents; preferred was newscast TV . See Management Development Associates (MDA Associates Management Development . See 21, IMC news, 15 percent TV news, Kohavision commissioned two surveys on the readiness of Kosovo for of Kosovo on digitisation. the readiness two surveys commissioned TV is a newcomer that lately anewcomer has is entered thewith field the TV is one significant example onesignificant pattern is of ownership. this of concealed TV has held first position in most broadcast ratings. ratings. broadcast inmost position held first has (KTV Klan ofKlan 21 and10 program percent the preferred news , IMC channel that commissioned the survey on channel that the survey commissioned , Pristina, 21 October 2015. 21 Exceptionally, October , Pristina, in2011 ) and 11 Indeed, both political and business and business political both Indeed, Klan Kosova ), the mainTV ), Vlerësimin e Gatishmërisë së eGatishmërisë Vlerësimin TV . TV does not keep notkeep does 21 and channels in KTV news, news, are - - MEDIA OWNERS. CORPORATIONS AS BIG COMPANIES OR OWNERSHIP AND OWNERS, FAMILY AS A COVER FOR REAL OR NOMINAL OWNERS HIDDEN OWNERSHIP IN THE KOSOVO MEDIA: HAVE BEEN PRESENT OWNERSHIP THAT PATTERNS OF ACTUAL THERE ARE A FEW

MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS MEDIA OWNERSHIP AND FINANCES IN KOSOVO LEGAL VACUUM AND LACK OF TRANSPARENCY 4 23 were ofRTV inthe case As donors. from generous support scratch the from war, after ofthe Koha Group wereother developed parts with activities beyond the media sector. the media beyond activities inbusiness members family to her orclose orshares pertaining property Koha.net Arta Koha Print printing plant, of Koha Group, which inadditionto KTV the available data the from IMC andfinances of structure Koha Group for However,this research. according to the any to about ownership answer question Surroi. MsSurroi refused Flaka the complete transferred he formally ofKoha ownership Group to sister his Ora, party Koha political his Group until hehadformed 2004/5 when,after tire field. the media outside inany sector erty business tion ofwhethershareholders ofthis company shares orprop have investments, same time. ture applies to the web portal ), Business News the wholeRTV most XheraldinaVulaleague for hercontribution to RTV husband Forin Kelmendi andthe remaining 10 andcol percent to herfriend 14 13 2015. the struc Again, identical ownership inSeptember launched which was for the “daughter retained also was structure company” RTV for investment thesource sole offunds inthe of development main oreven Open Society Institute ( Society Open beside beside applies to structure allcomponents oftheownership RTV as program service providers (21 Plus, providers service program as

Kohavision Interview with Xheraldina Vula, with RTV Interview Pluralism “Kosovo/a”,Berisha, Impact and its inMedia onMedia Ownership Independence and The ofRTV representative There have been no changes in this ownership structure since structure in ownership no then. This this changes There havebeen was support from various donors. The main donors were donors. various from support 21 was KTV USAID andthe OSI TV budget for several years after the war. after years for budget several Veton of the owner Surroi was web portal. There are no eventualreliable anywebdata investment, portal. about , additionalTV 21 Radio 21 include also 14 , 2004, p.233.

TV Sheshi 21 and the (KTV budget for several years. for21 budget several ) was also launched in 2000, by Veton in 2000, launched also ) was Surroi. OSI Media Program, which again provided almost the en almost provided which again Program, Media ) Media Program, which have been underwriting al underwriting which have Program, been ) Media 21,XheraldinaVula, to the ques didnotrespond TV , she still remains director and nominal owner , she andnominalowner stillremains director

, which was established at the established , which 21–Macedonia was TV TV , Pristina, 29 September 2015. 29September 21,Pristina, channel, Koha andthe PublishingHouse, 21-Kosovo 21 Popullore, , includes the Koha, includes daily , the Ditore web portal. The same ownership The same ownership web portal. channels that are registered 21. 21 , the primary donors 21,the primary 13 At the beginning, the At the beginning, MIX RTV 21 Company, which , 21 Junior and 21 Macedonia, 21 Macedonia, USAID and the KTV and 21 ------

MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS MEDIA OWNERSHIP AND FINANCES IN KOSOVO LEGAL VACUUM AND LACK OF TRANSPARENCY 5 23 by the IMC 15 RTK channels through that the network. cable broadcast Klan Kosova market. tomentum the television Kosovo dynamism that couldanew bring ofKlan Kosova theperhaps mainowner or apartial as sector entered Group the has media IfDevolli inKosovo. ket velopment far-reaching mar potentially with for the consequences television change ofKlan Kosova inthe structure ownership main owner, an80percent with share, this wouldrepresent notonlyamajor a40 with the actually percent is owner more ifthis corporation share, oreven ofKlan Kosova Group the is mainowner that TV Devolli lieve inthe that admitted interview,Later heeventually TV the identity reluctant ofother to shareholder/s. reveal buthewas of the shares, ture ofKlan Kosova percent 20 ofthe shares. given organisation andrealisation, was managerial his plus to thetribution project, change again during this year. during change again over.yet According to ofKlan Kosova him,the structure ownership ofKlan Kosova structure ownership the about new that the story the third owner, whocontrols 40 Inaddition,hestated percent ofthe shares. 40has percent that the ofthe identity shares butinsisted hecould of notreveal Klan Kosova TV of owner the new Group, hadbecome Devolli corporations, the Kosovo largest that oneof news the unconfirmed published end of2014, media whensome market experts who preferred to speak with us oncondition us ofanonymity with be to whopreferred speak market experts TV TV on that ground gained 80 percent of the shares, while Baton Haxhiu for con his while Baton Haxhiu 80percenton that of the shares, gained ground 18 17 16

with incooperation Baton Haxhiu bythe journalist launched Kosovo was Klan In both possible versions of this story, if Devolli Goup is that is third Goup silent versionsofthis story, possible ifDevolli In both others, this was dueto pressure onthe IMC this was others, which the IMC for Pristina, al frequency - the ofavailable issue terrestri raised have owners policy. repeatedly He other andsome media complaining the about IMC for years been has Baton Haxhiu director its In fact, Klan Kosova 3 September 2015. 3 September http://www.lapsi.al/lajme/2014/10/11/kush-po-e-godet-me-miell-baton-haxhiun. Accessed memiell Baton Haxhiun,” “Kush egodet Lajme, po Lapsi See 2014. 11 Available October at: director, Baton Haxhiu, with Interview Klan Kosova TV CEO Naile with Krasniqi, sation. (Interview - ofdigiti onastrategy based plan incontradiction the with this would be frequency because ofKosovo, for the butalso entire notonlyfor plan Pristina territory to the frequency analog since IMC that, 2009, Shestressed tions for digitisation. KTV Interview with Baton Haxhiu, director, Baton Haxhiu, with Interview Klan Kosova TV , through their association AMPEK , through their association from Albania. TV Albania. from on 18 February 2009 as a programme service provider. service aprogramme on18 as 2009 February TV . already has the highest broadcast rating amongTV inKosovo broadcast the highest has already 17 TV Haxhiu admits that, since January 2015, since that, January the admits struc ownership Haxhiu entered the Kosovo media market in 2009. It was licensed Itlicensed market in2009. entered the media was Kosovo TV has changed. According changed. has percent to20 him,he retains

Klan 18 16 On the other hand, the media analysts or media ormedia analysts Onthe other hand,the media This ownership structure was inplace untilwas the structure ownership This gave its old equipment to oldequipment Klan Kosova gave its . Yet IMC never opened to publictender. opened never Acording to himand bythe twomaincommercial TV , IMC TV ’s ’s , Pristina, 21 October 2015.) 21 October , Pristina, CEO , this means that, this means mo wehave new claims that this was dueto claims thatthe prepar this was has not issued new licences according new notissued has , Pristina, 28 September 2015. September 28 , Pristina, , Pristina, 28 September 2015. September 28 , Pristina, TV , but also a significant de asignificant , butalso

Klan has a broadcast rating a broadcast has from Albania still Albania from . stations, TV stations, 15

Klan Kosova TV TV ’s licensing was not was TV might and 21 and and ------

40 PERCENT SHARE, MARKET IN KOSOVO. FOR THE TELEVISION CONSEQUENCES FAR-REACHING WITH POTENTIALLY DEVELOPMENT ALSO A SIGNIFICANT KOSOVA TV, BUT STRUCTURE OF KLAN IN THE OWNERSHIP ONLY A MAJOR CHANGE WOULD REPRESENT NOT PERCENT SHARE, THIS OWNER, WITH AN 80 ACTUALLY THE MAIN THIS CORPORATION IS OR EVEN MORE IF KOSOVA TV WITH A OWNER OF KLAN THAT THIRD SILENT IF DEVOLLI GOUP IS

MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS MEDIA OWNERSHIP AND FINANCES IN KOSOVO LEGAL VACUUM AND LACK OF TRANSPARENCY 6 23 changes in changes owner of this broadcaster is still Aleksander Frangaj, stillAleksander is ofthis broadcaster owner 24 23 22 21 20 19 apro-government TV as seen ready ly profit andoperational costs. better than significantly that ofany other TV rating coverage, have ofKlan Kosova the the broadcast ble networks best TV where ca InPristina, network. terrestrial through its territory age ofKosovo higher, percentagethat points much cover afew is ithas wider onlybecause Kosovo (PDK Kosovo of Party ofthe Democratic supporters oneofthe mainbusiness as known is editorial policy, have while two other owners editorial the only to right monitor month ahundred percent controltwo other hehas shareholders, ofmanagement and bycontract awareness that, ofthe some with problem whenheclaimed showed underthetaken Haxhiu umbrella inKosovo. ofonethe corporations largest of become the owner Group has Therefore,Devolli thatbe true out ifit to turns from Albania. Albania. from See See

Klan Kosova Table 2 It that the seems IMC director, Baton Haxhiu, with 2015.)godet-me-miell-baton-haxhiun. Interview Accessed 3September 2014. 11 (AvailableHaxhiun?” October http://www.lapsi.al/lajme/2014/10/11/kush-po-e- at: Accessed on17transmetuese. memiell July Baton “Kush egodet 2015.) Lajme, po Lapsi kpm-ks.org/?pamja=dokumentet&gjuha=1&kerko=Adresari%20i%20subjekteve%20 IMC CEO Naile with Krasniqi, Interview , Pristina, 29 September 2015. 29September 21, Pristina, 2015. 22 September oncondition whospoke ofanonymity, analyst amedia with Pristina, Interview director, Baton Haxhiu, with Interview Klan Kosova TV 2015. 25 September oncondition whospoke ofanonymity, expert advertising amedia with Pristina, Interview Sources: IMC Sources: KLAN KOSOVA TV (CABLE) KTV 21 TV TV STATION Kosova, “ Sot , Adresari i subjekteve transmetuese të licencuara në Kosovë 2015. të nëKosovë licencuara transmetuese (Available, Adresari isubjekteve http:// at: OWNERSHIP OF MAIN PRIVATE TV CHANNELS Klan Kosova Klan Kosova ), the ruling party,), the ruling database, interviews andarticles. interviews database, TV PDK , this means that we will see the fastest growing TV growing the fastest that see , this means wewill kriminalizoi privatizimin, favorizoi ‘Devollin’,” 7 October 2015, ‘Devollin’,” pp.6-7. favorizoi 7October privatizimin, kriminalizoi TV , Pristina, 28 September 2015. Interview with Xheraldina Vula, with 2015. Interview September 28 , Pristina, TV has not yet been brought upto date onthe been ownership notyet has . According from theIMC todata current official 20 21 * However, Group inmindthat Devolli bearing , IMC it is not surprising that Klan Kosova notsurprising itis the Devolli Group became thethird owner ofKlanKosova TVin2014. There are unconfirmed information inthemedia reports claimingthat UNKNOWN OWNER(S) BATONHAXHIU 20 % KLANTELEVISION 40 % FLAKASURROI 100 % XHERALDINAVULA 10 % EUGENSARAÇINI 20 % FLORINKELMENDI 10 % AFERDITASARAÇINI-KELMENDI 60 % OWNERSHIP SHARES channel. , Pristina, 21 October 2015. 21 October , Pristina, 24

22 channel anational with licence.

, Pristina, 28 September 2015. September 28 , Pristina, * 40% 23 the owner ofTV the owner channel TV

is al is Klan , the RTV is is 19 - - - -

MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS MEDIA OWNERSHIP AND FINANCES IN KOSOVO LEGAL VACUUM AND LACK OF TRANSPARENCY 7 23 are struggling, with sales of just a few hundred copies each. hundred copies each. afew ofjust sales with are struggling, while by larger mother companies, arethree supported Kosova, Sot years: all these onlyfivehave survived that period, this post-war of dailies were during launched member of the Kosovo Assembly for the PDK ofthe Assembly Kosovo member dailies is around is 15dailies thousand copies. Today,copies. the according ofthe totalcirculation remaining toestimates, some around 30-35 was thousand newspapers ofalldaily total circulation At best, its media. to the ofnew development inresponse overthe years shrinking been has To Kosovo. small market as the make worse, smallmarket things for print media there many were too for such a were awhile,because discontinued after cases which inmost publishers continued to launch new dailies, Nevertheless, long. 29 28 27 26 25 er. orthreat own anobstacle tointerests ofits the as business seen that was body and TopKosova publishing house aprinting plant, includes Sot Kosova. Radio ofInterpress Company the owner of also whichthen. is apart Ruzhdi Kadriu mainlybyUSAID bydonors, support ous in March 1999, re-launched the onlyto sameyear, be the war, after gener with Institute. police It discontinued bythe Serbian was Society the from Open port Soon after the war there the inKosovo. war after were 12dailies Soon launched aggressive campaigns against any against Kosova campaigns aggressive launched interests. Sot business his for for promotion ofandsupport madeextensiveHe newspaper ofhis has use around 4,000copies sold. condition ofanonymity, Kosova the with circulation, currently largest Sot has However, according on whoprefers marketing expert to to the speak media

28 was launched in1998 sup launched with Kosova Ruzhdi Kadriu byabusinessman was Sot 27 September 2015.27 September oncondition whospoke ofanonymity, marketing expert amedia with Pristina, Interview by the Interpress Company. vour ofaworker, hand inaprinting plant right owned his whoin2004 lost Rexha, Lulzim - infa byKosova she Judge ruled campaign against after Sot Makifete Saliuka the three-year ID=123001.ID=2&Lajm deksonline.net/?Faqe on Accessed 25July 2015. reports Thearticle Kadriu,” Index Margarita online, “Zhvatësja See 2014. Available October 28 http://in at: - 2015.ki_182_14_ang.pdf. Accessed 5September 182/14,KI 6March 2015. Available Pristina, http://www.gjk-ks.org/repository/docs/gjk_ at: No. in Case on Inadmissibility Resolution of the of Kosovo, Constitutional Republic Court 2015.27 September oncondition whospoke ofanonymity, marketing expert amedia with Pristina, Interview Pluralism “Kosovo/a”,Berisha, Impact and its inMedia onMedia Ownership Independence and The print media market has also been very dynamic in the years since in the years dynamic 1999. very been also market has The print media 1.4 None of the Kosovo newspapers are ready to reveal their circulation figures. their figures. circulation are to ready reveal None ofthe newspapers Kosovo PRINT MEDIA MARKET In 2014, of the director , 2004, p.228. 29 Koha, Ditore

, Margarita Kadriu, was elected as a as elected was Kosova Kadriu, , Margarita Sot 26 It is not surprising that It the from dozens notsurprising is , Zëri . Its ownership has not changed since notchanged . Its has ownership Epoka eRe andEpoka Sot .Thefirst Bota party. 25 Most of these did not last didnotlast ofthese Most and Sot Bota Epoka e ReEpoka 27 - - - -

FIGURES. THEIR CIRCULATION ARE READY TO REVEAL KOSOVO NEWSPAPERS COPIES. NONE OF THE AROUND 15 THOUSAND REMAINING DAILIES IS CIRCULATION OF THE ESTIMATES, THE TOTAL ACCORDING TO SOME

MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS MEDIA OWNERSHIP AND FINANCES IN KOSOVO LEGAL VACUUM AND LACK OF TRANSPARENCY 8 23 with an estimated value between 1–5billion dollars. between value an estimated with alloverthe world, businesses Kosovatex Company andofvarious inKosovo agency, 33 32 31 30 concerns corruption. citing about companies, val vatisation. 50 also percent ofshares. Destani, Lazim Ejupi, Remzi 50 percent follows: ofshares and rent as is structure ownership 3,500–4,000Circulation ofKoha to copies. estimated be is Ditore whentheirinthe Parliament itwere actions Kosovo violent. andoutside even ofVetëvendosje parties, supportive political openly andother opposition been Surprisingly, recently ithas parties. ofallpolitical critical equally time itwas for along Indeed, decent professional for standards. its praised It been has in2004. ORA party the political Surroi whenheformed to sister Flaka his of the ownership newspaper,mally transferred and of the complete Koha Group, Bardh Hamzaj. In 2009, it was sold to Remzi Ejupi and Lazim Destani. The cur The Destani. Ejupi to sold Remzi andLazim itwas Hamzaj.In2009, Bardh Halil Matoshi and Shala, Blerim owners were journalists Thefirst the support. at inKosovo earlier,donors operating that mentioned time.As Veton Surroi for the 1999 after re-launched soon war, bythe international to support owing again Institute. Society Veton mainly by the Open by donors, supported Surroi. Investment was Airport, whenEurokoha oneofthe companies submitting for bids this pri was Airport, ofthe intense ofprivatisation Pristina interest inthe case aspecial, took Zëri Zëri’

is recognised as the most influential major daily in Kosovo. theinfluentialdaily in major most as Kosovo. Koha recognised is Ditore 27 September 2015.27 September oncondition whospoke ofanonymity, marketing expert amedia with Pristina, Interview 2015.27 September oncondition whospoke ofanonymity, marketing expert amedia with Pristina, Interview va-79-6523.html. July Accessed 28 2015. Available- http://www.telegrafi.com/lajme/sa-miliarde-dollare-peshon-destani-nga-teto at: Telegrafi.com,See nga Destani milliardë dollarë “Sa ‘peshon’Lazim 25 NovemberTetova?” 2014. 2015. September Marketing 28 director, Dobraja, Shpend with Pristina, Zëri, Interview was launched in 1999 by Zëri Publishing Enterprise, also with donor with also PublishingEnterprise, in1999 launched byZëri was Zëri bythe in1997 KohaKoha published Group. is It established by Ditore was is estimated to be 3,000–3,500 to copies. estimated be is currentcirculationThe ofZëri s reporting appears to be mostly balanced andprofessional. However, balanced mostly to be appears s reporting Pristina and businesses inGermany. ofthe the is owner andbusinesses Destani FC Pristina was shut down by the Serbian police in March police shut1999. by theKoha Serbian down was It Ditore was was critical of the Privatisation Agency of Kosovo andother ofKosovo ri ofthe Agency Privatisation critical was Zëri 31 Ejupi ofthe the Eurokoha is owner 32

30 33 - - - -

MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS MEDIA OWNERSHIP AND FINANCES IN KOSOVO LEGAL VACUUM AND LACK OF TRANSPARENCY 9 23 facing the serious challenge that the new media represent. Together represent. challenge that media the serious thefacing new un with Tribuna, Lajm , Express with Gazeta case is the This media. have continued onlinenews as in recent years is whythatdailies of disappeared This the most Kosovo media. the goingoninparallel with ofprint rapid shrinkage been has online media the explosive expansion of Indeed, from development. suffered this the most 36 35 34 goingexclusivelydon print andkeep online.Today, GE anewspaper, as struggling to aban inMarch 2013 management decided its internet media. ofthe new the andfreedom development damaging without society to protect inadebate ofthe how publicare about engaged segments munity andvarious is why com This the media for professional standards. titude respect towards print andcontinued whoabandoned onlinehave their relaxed at newspapers a torrent undercover ofappalling abuse ofanonymity. Even daily former those whovented individuals, frustrated gave a platform to outlets various media net inter Unregulated inKosovo. tic deterioration inthe ofpublicdialogue quality (online) to have adras the led democratisation, new media media precedented allforone, above ‘traditional’ media. access. 2014, InNovember 85 hadinternet market. percent inKosovo ofhouseholds

Table 3 Today, that have access society ofKosovo to the internet are allsegments (GE Express Gazeta Report_new1602_setting_media_standards.pdf. Accessed 19 July 2015. Report_new1602_setting_media_standards.pdf. www.thomsonfoundation.org/assets/News_Features/2015/Kosovo%20report/Kosovo_ Independent Council ofKosovo Media Commission, 2015. and thePress Available http:// at: Taylor, ofthe and effectiveness Publicawareness Setting Kosovo: Media Standards: 2015. September Marketing 28 Director, Dobraja, Shpend Pristina, Zëri, 2015.) Koha with Accessed 5September Ditore, 2August 2015,ang.pdf. p.3.Interview (Available of Kosovo Republic http://www.gjk-ks.org/repository/docs/gjk_ki_182_14_ at: 182/14 No. KI in Case on Inadmissibility by theResolution of the Constitutional Court sites/default/files/2015-msi-kosovo.pdf. sites/default/files/2015-msi-kosovo.pdf. Accessed 18 2015.July , “Kosovo”,IREX inMedia Sustainability, 2015. Index Available https://www.irex.org/ at: Online media represent the fastest growing sector in the Kosovo media inthe media Kosovo sector growing represent the fastest Online media 1.5 sources. No.KI Source: Resolution CHALLENGE OF RAPID ONLINE MEDIA EXPANSION ZËRI KOHA DITORE KOSOVA SOT DAILY NEWSPAPER 35 Rapid development of online media has been challenging for challenging every been has ofonlinemedia development Rapid MAJOR DAILY NEWSPAPERS OWNERSHIP 34 . Press andBota ) was launched in 2005 as a daily. as in2005 launched of eight years ) was After 182/14 of the Constitutional Court, interviews andother 182/14 interviews ofthe Constitutional Court, LAZIMDESTANI 50 % REMZIEJUPI 50 % FLAKASURROI 100 % RUZHDIKADRIU 100 % OWNERSHIP 36 The print media were among those werethat among those The print media 3,000-3,500 3,500-4,000 4,000 ESTIMATED SOLD COPIES is the largest news web the news is largest ------DIALOGUE IN KOSOVO. QUALITY OF PUBLIC DETERIORATION IN THE HAVE LED TO A DRASTIC NEW (ONLINE)MEDIA DEMOCRATISATION, THE MEDIA UNPRECEDENTED TOGETHER WITH

MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS MEDIA OWNERSHIP AND FINANCES IN KOSOVO LEGAL VACUUM AND LACK OF TRANSPARENCY 10 23 of taking news without permission and of violation ofcopyrights. andofviolation permission without news of taking journalism. Since it switched to an online edition only, to anonlineedition Since itswitched journalism. jour the ofits quality 41 40 39 38 37 approaches aTV agency buying ormedia advertising in general. When an development and on economic income advertising from onmedia effect anegative andconsequently has sector ation inthe advertising etc. Peja, Birra tion network, (PCK by theofKosovo Council Press sensational coverage, For inaccurate its and copyrights. respecting without other from media, news bycopying are produced articles ofits Most declined. further even has nalism aPDK ofthe Assembly. Kosovo was ber too, Mirena, PDK party ofthe mainruling member active avery ble as more visi buthewas journalist, once as worked Buzhala the owners. as media However,search. bysome mentioned andIlirMirena have Buzhala been Berat day. per visits 600,000 with andMacedonia, inAlbania butalso notonlyinKosovo, portal Its editor in chief Leonard Kerquki declined to answer questions for this questions re to answer KerqukiIts declined inchief Leonard editor undermines efforts bymanytalented youngprofessionals to improve efforts undermines the situ andtherefore This agencies) nottransparent. buying is andmedia (advertising industry bythe advertising orself-regulated that to notregulated be itis seems However, to invest inadvertising. businesses the mainproblem ofthis sector potential of of consumers or companies for and/or andthereadiness financial hospital, a printing plant, a publishing house, the Tobacco a publishing house, aprinting plant, hospital, anddistribu import a hotels, telephony 3DMobile, inAlbania, twohydro plants business power Dukagjini Group, which TV includes oftheHe the Dukagjini is owner maninKosovo. richest the is second who according media, toKosovo some father is EkremLluka, His Gent Lluka. is Theowner in2006. It launched was

Ibid. Ibid.

1.6 As aprint newspaper,As GE is the second ranking news portal in Kosovo andAlbania. inKosovo Telegrafi.com portal news ranking the is second See http://www.winne.com/country/europe/kosovo/2009/cr/cp/dukagjini_group/. http://www.winne.com/country/europe/kosovo/2009/cr/cp/dukagjini_group/. See Accessed 27 October 2015.Accessed 27 October www.albeu.com/kosove/10-milioneret-e-kosoves/83787/. Accessed 27 July 2015. Forumi shqiptar,See “10 milioneret eKosoves,” Available 2009. http:// 21 December at: http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/telegrafi.com.2015. See September 5 Accessed There ofGE arereliable structure notransparent, data theownership about The Kosovo advertising marketisratherboth the of small,in advertising terms number The Kosovo NON-TRANSPARENT AND UNREGULATED ADVERTISING MARKET , Insurance Company, Pension Slovenian-Kosovo Fund, the mobile 37

GE ’s conduct has regularly been reported and condemned and condemned ’s reported been regularly conduct has 41 did not observe high standards ofprofessional standards high didnotobserve

has also been accused by other media Telegrafi byother media accused been also has ). 38

MP channel, for example, itis , and as a former mem aformer , andas and deputy minister. anddeputy

Dukagjini , Radio Radio 40 39 ------.

65 REGISTERED (ADVERTISING AND AGENCIES IN KOSOVO. MEDIA BUYING ADVERTISING AND THERE ARE AROUND TRANSPARENT. THEREFORE IS NOT AGENCIES) AND MEDIA BUYING ADVERTISING INDUSTRY REGULATED BY THE REGULATED OR SELF- THAT IT IS NOT SEEMS TO BE SECTOR IN KOSOVO OF THE ADVERTISING THE MAIN PROBLEM

MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS MEDIA OWNERSHIP AND FINANCES IN KOSOVO LEGAL VACUUM AND LACK OF TRANSPARENCY 11 23 43 42 byIMC censed ). KTTN Dukagjini 21andRadio 2, Radio (RTK ty. the Terrestrial Kosovo established Telecommunication enti a new Network as , implemented program byIREX government ofJapan. Media Through its amajor contribution with the in2000, from system transmission the broadcast ing in1999. for rebuilding role USAID incoordinating a leading took support inKosovo. andcommunications advertising agency largest theis second ofmayor for ofPristina. the position oftheon behalf AAK candidate a Genc was Meraku. He is of agency Group.this Theowner Publicis euro. It ofonethe communications largest worldwide, part forms groups annual income anestimated 4.5–5million with ofabout inKosovo, ing agency Tatamata,Karrota, etc. Koperativa, Paper,Zero are successful largest andmost Publicis, Pozitive The Kosovo. media. Kosovo for companies alack ofinterest inany investment byforeignreasons media in be among the primary to seems also This in entering the market. ed Kosovo why this is large foreign companies are notinterest experts, ing to advertising Moreover,behaviour media. ofknock-on aretheir effect the broadcast accord Ultimately, market itself. the advertising from whosuffer those the the most butinthe longterm agencies, buying andmedia and hard work ofadvertising notonlythe contracts ruins broadcasters ofsome onthesional behaviour part directly,same broadcaster amuch unprofes achieve lowerprice.This itcan the contacts time, but whenanadvertiser price for advertising afixed quoted transmission system of Kosovo – was badly damaged during the NATO during damaged badly –was of Kosovo system transmission percent ofthe 24 shares inthe owns He Peshku also Ilir Grapci. web iartë portal. of CommunicationsPaper is still The owner by Ilir Grapci. in 2009 established developed and expanded at its expense. Today, expense. at andexpanded its developed there are 35 operators cable li

KTTN Paper Communications with an income of 3.5 million euro and 22 employees Paper Communications an income with of 3.5 million euro and 22 employees andmarket the advertising largest as recognised PozitiveZero Publicis is in agencies buying andmedia There advertising are around 65 registered 17 July 2015 Available http://www.kpm-ks.org/materiale/dokument/1435753949.1727.xls. at: Accessed Kabllor të nëKosovë. licencuar Adresari i Operatorëve Commission, Media Independent tember 2015.tember anddirector, owner 25 Sep IlirGrapci, with Pristina, Paper Communications, Interview Kosovo TerrestrialKosovo Telecommunication ) –the broadcast Network(KTTN 1.7 The importance of The importance DISTRIBUTION/TRANSMISSION NETWORKS , TV 21 and has been used since then TV bythree used been has . 43 KTV The main ones are IPKO Themainones andKujtesa. ) and by four radiostationsKosova (Radio , 1 KTTN in the Kosovo market changed as cable operators cable as inthe market Kosovo changed was registered at anNGO UNMIK registered as was channels national with licences Radio KosovaRadio 42 bomb It was USAID . ------CHANNELS. EXERT PRESSURE ON TV IN THE MARKET TO ITS DOMINANT POSITION CRITICIZED FOR USING IPKO HAS BEEN

MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS MEDIA OWNERSHIP AND FINANCES IN KOSOVO LEGAL VACUUM AND LACK OF TRANSPARENCY 12 23 ignored all these protests anddemands. protests allthese IPKO ignored position. former its had repeatedly criticised IPKO Telecom andSlovenian criticised had repeatedly inthe for pro corruption national thatby IPKO anddemanded KTV this reaction against protested organisations, society civil together with media, andother broadcasters organisations, andinternational media Dozens oflocal aTV as third position amobiletelephonycess ofgaining licence, inApril 2013 IPKO KTV demoted 45 44 nominalowners. ofindividual ers instead own as to better namefamilies itis cases insome nominalowners, hide behind prefer that often to andthe owners fact real to the lackoftransparency Owing since there are noreliable media. ofKosovo onthe structure data ownership Mentor Its is inKosovo. work owner inmajor Mazreku. locations net distribution its has also Kiosku workers shareholders. andmanagersare its 50 Rilindja former Some andsupermarkets. inkiosks Kosovo across points sales andA Kiosku Rilindja, managersandworkersmer Rilindja network. to re-establish the distribution in 1999. the attempts war and during some ities the After war were made by for author administration bythe Serbian underimposed placed 1990s whenitwas the during –collapsed population and Montenegro the with Albanian inplaces Serbia inMacedonia, andalso alloverKosovo, points al hundred kiosks/sales pressure onTV TV andinternational menu Albanian around Kosovo, inits 200 andhas in Kosovo, print media. The former Rilindja distribution network –which oncesever Rilindja distribution had The former print media. for this questions research. toof Kujtesa answer declined owners Perjuci The andFitonis nottransparent. structure Theownership Peja. 1995. of Theowners Arifi, areKujtesa Arber Selimi, Florent Blerim VijonPeja, in menu. andforeign channels It established onits Albanian Kosovo, 90 was

channels. It was established in1999. Telecom. ofIPKO Slovenian Itestablished Theowner is channels. was It is difficult to compose a ranked list of the main media owners in Kosovo, owners inKosovo, media list ofIt the main a ranked difficult to is compose 1.8 Today, inKosovo: operating networks distribution there are print media three See Hoxha, “ Hoxha, See sites/default/files/u105/EE_MSI Accessed 18_2014_Kosovo.pdf. July 2015. , “Kosovo”,IREX in Media Sustainability, 2014. Index Available https://www.irex.org/ at: has been criticized for using its dominant position in the market dominant to exert position for its using criticized been IPKO has IPKO Telecommunications the mobiletelephony is largest operator andcable Print media distribution networks faceasituation to similar that networks ofthe distribution Print media Kujtesa Net is the second largest cable operator in Kosovo, with more with than operator cable inKosovo, Kujtesa largest the is second Net at: http://gazetajnk.com/?cid=1,1018,5284. Accessed 24 July http://gazetajnk.com/?cid=1,1018,5284. Accessed 24 2015.at: MAIN MEDIA OWNERS TV station. KPM channels. In fact, after Koha Group media (KTV Koha after Group media Infact, channels. : IPKO shkelje meKTV 44

IMC GE channel national with license, infavour ofChannel 83. . Rilindja sales distribution network has its print media print media its networkhas distribution sales . Rilindja and requested that IPKO KTV andrequested criticised also be reinstated at its third position, as deserves a a deserves as third reinstated at its position, be -në,” Gazeta JetanëKosovë, 12AprilGazeta 2013. Available andKoha) Ditore 45 restores to to restores from from ------

MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS MEDIA OWNERSHIP AND FINANCES IN KOSOVO LEGAL VACUUM AND LACK OF TRANSPARENCY 13 23 who has a50. percentwho has share inthe Zëri daily established established the Oneis investment byTV ceptions. 2. 1. 47 46 lack of transparency in the Kosovo media market. We market. inthe media Kosovo lack oftransparency mention can onlytwo ex the is experts advertising bysome mentioned that been has Onereason market.

established andcontinued until to 2004, develop trans established whenheformally – VetonSurroi family ofthe the Koha owner Group, which Surroi he was 21, which TV includes and herbrother percent holda90 share Eugen they inCompany Saraçini, percent share in Company 21. Together Kelmendi her husband with Florin –Aferdita ofa60 Saraçini-Kelmendi the Saraçini-Kelmendi family is owner Interview with Alban Zogaj, market researcher, Riinvest, Pristina, 24 September 2015. market September researcher, 24 Zogaj, Alban with Pristina, Riinvest, Interview Xheraldina Vula, with RTV Interview Foreign media owners have so far shown nointerest shown Foreign have far inentering owners so the Kosovo media 1.9 etc. warehousing, customs production, furniture turing, Z-Mobile telephony, products, manufac drink milkanddairy distribution, and coffeeprocessing such inKosovo, as sectors business inseveral tivities Klan Kosova of owner the Group new as this information Devolli about to support pear Klan Kosova TV ofKlan Kosova owner Groupis the new Devolli that reports media firmed However,cent known. to notwant be share, does uncon there have been TV percent claimsthat 20 Its Baton ofthe Haxhiu heowns shares, ent. director Koha Group KTV includes company complete Surroi.ferred ofthis media ownership to sister Flaka his (21 Plus, providers service programme as tered Junior one of the largest corporations in Kosovo, which has factories andother ac factories which inKosovo, has one ofthe corporations largest Group, Devolli are of the owners The brothers andShkelqimDevolli Blerim Group owners. wouldcome third ofmedia inany list Devolli ranked Group. Whether holding40 or80percentzone ofthe ofthe Devolli shares, the within Customs Group Warehouse andlocated ofthe Devolli property aninvestment with ofover5millioneuro. established (TV 21 Macedonia percent of a 90 share owner Kelmendi in Companyalso is Saraçini- family Devolli family – The ownership structure ofKlan Kosova structure –The ownership family Devolli Koha and the Publishing House Koha internetprinting plant, provider. Net FOREIGN MEDIA OWNERS . Moreover, refer to whom we consulted for this report people the media

Klan ), Business and21News from Albania 40 whileathird Albania percent, from owner, a40 with per also Klan Kosova TV TV . Recently, as “Devolli TV “Devolli as and a web portal TV 21andaweb portal TV 21, , and the other is Lazim Destani from Macedonia, Macedonia, from Destani , andthe other Lazim is Klan Kosova Radio 21,additionalTV Radio , Arta Arta Sheshi 21andthe TV .” Furthermore, that there ap arefacts some , Pristina, 29 September 2015. 29September 21,Pristina, TV

Klan , the Koha daily , the Koha Print Ditore TV from Albania six years agowhenit years six Albania from ), which was recently ), which21 Macedonia was moved to a new building that tothe is a new moved 21-Kosovo The web portal. channels that are regis 21 Popullore, 46 47 TV is nottranspar is 21 MIX , 21 ------

NOMINAL OWNERS. INSTEAD OF INDIVIDUAL FAMILIES AS OWNERS IS BETTER TO NAME IN SOME CASES IT NOMINAL OWNERS, TO HIDE BEHIND OWNERS OFTEN PREFER THE FACT THAT REAL TRANSPARENCY AND OWING TO THE LACK OF

MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS MEDIA OWNERSHIP AND FINANCES IN KOSOVO LEGAL VACUUM AND LACK OF TRANSPARENCY 14 23 been successful in changing this situation inchanging successful through the justice system. Kosovo been and OSCE against procedures legal started RTP In2001, byUNMIK andthe government. Kosovo ignored been have far so ises ofKosovo’sment and journalists prem these toback get broadcaster pre-war to house tablishing Kosovo’s publicbroadcaster. However, UNMIK didnothesitate /OSCE broadcaster ofthe state former clearly tothe didnotwant andlegacy retain structure policy entity,new war of the launched after as a 1999 was different. Whenit ation somewhat is lic broadcaster RTK lic broadcaster both viable. morebecoming orless until bydonorsupport were sustained They Today, Yehkipe orthe monthly magazine Alem inBosnian, weekly inRomalanguage. as the such print media, language for true the minority especially was up. This donorsdried from whensupport in this situation. ofthem Most disappeared vourable vulnerable coverage. It that were particularly the seems print media fa had to by offering pay usually for any they support eventual cases, In both sector). (publiccompaniescentres orthe business private power ofeconomic whocould helpproach those them: eventually institutions governmental or nooptionbutto with ap were left media struggling these to the media, port 48 some Westernsome sup which hadlittle further or nointerest countries, ingiving With of the foreign donorsremaining within embassies inKosovo, onlyafew of Most them were not sustainable at point. that fight on for survival. their own to were left media to anend,these came soon ofdonorsupport honeymoon of1999. the war after bydonorsthat inKosovo Since operated this supported about the outcome if, or rather when, these buildings are privatised. theabout outcome are if,orrather privatised. buildings when,these byUNMIK/ measure a temporary as given wereto them use premises for These inPristina. House (Media) Rilindja , andRTV in abuildingofthe Pristina Radio former that –KTV inpremises are not their property located Much better situated were major broadcast media like KTV Much media situated were better major broadcast Pluralism “Kosovo/a”,Berisha, Impact and its inMedia onMedia Ownership Independence and The vast majority of the existing media in Kosovo were launched or at least werelaunched or in at least Kosovo of majority the media existing vast The 1.10 RTK WITH DONOR SUPPORT MEDIA ESTABLISHED OR SUSTAINED and subsequently UNMIK with andsubsequently tore-registered get managed eventually RTV is also located in premises that property, inpremises are notits situ located although its also is 21andKTV RTK , 2004, p.239. as the arm of thethe arm as OSCE Radio TelevisionRadio (RTP ofPristina in the premises of in the premises will be financed in the future. in financed the However, be will RTV are sustainable, while it is currently are howthe whileitis unclear sustainable, pub . Now,OSCE KTV both RTP UNMIK’s for media responsible operations . All protests and efforts by the manage and efforts . All protests RTK ) as aburden inthe ofes ) as process . 48 Nevertheless, RTP Nevertheless, 21inamuch larger space in

in some 250 square meters 250 insome meters square andRTV , 21andKTV RTV are anxious 21are anxious has not yet notyet has 21 andRTK are are ------.

MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS MEDIA OWNERSHIP AND FINANCES IN KOSOVO LEGAL VACUUM AND LACK OF TRANSPARENCY 15 23 closed down in2015. down closed 2012; , November Lajm , MarchTribuna 2013; Gazeta Express , endof2014; Gazeta at the down endof2011; closed which was mention Infopress, we can the dailies of Company 21, was over5millioneuro. of Company 21, was TV the is onemadebyRTV media Kosovo 51 50 49 daily The inorder them to to interests. use promotemedia business their own are butinstead development acquiring areporations notinterested inmedia cor these cases Insome by large commercial corporations. ship ortakeover disappeared. soon newspapers these law on procurement, by a new or reduced stopped was tising low circulation. had very though they even to generous government advertising, thanks years for several to survive PDK For pro-ruling example, support. for a financial few in exchange power or economic able coverage or entities of political for groups to favour provide began media ofthese some pressure. Indeed, and economic to political vulnerable became were at they notsustainable thatmedia point, to make were Giventhat itontheir left ofthese own. most support receiving not that that lucky. the had been Kosovo, media left Since donors soon most were other sustainable. media Most financially more orless became until they like KTV the media, largest the from many donorsthat to at support Kosovo tial came that of time.Some building. new ters of working space in its conditions among all Kosovo broadcasters, with some 13 some with me thousand square conditions broadcasters, amongallKosovo a result, euro. As ofKlan Kosova forrenovated the needs Kosova

in Macedonia. The value of this investment, accordingvalue of investment, this The to a representative 21inMacedonia. Almost all media that have collapsed in recent years are print media. Here that inrecentare have allmedia print media. years Almost collapsed Another media integrity risk concerns the phenomenon of media owner concerns risk the phenomenonofmedia integrity Another media Available 2015. http://www.osce.org/kosovo/67790?download=true. Accessed4September at: Media in Kosovo ofthePrint Circulation and inKosovo, Politicization Mission , 2010. OSCE Xheraldina Vula, with RTV Interview Interview with Baton Haxhiu, director, Baton Haxhiu, with Interview Klan Kosova TV Almost all media that orpar the were 1999 after full allmedia launched Almost enjoyed war 2 building ofKlan investmentis The main the new in recent media Kosovo 1.11 CURRENT MEDIA INVESTMENTS AND COLLAPSES MEDIA FINANCES Sport Plus were andSport Press 2010, whileBota , September Post Prishtina TV . This building was given to was building . This Klan Kosova andRTV TV has today what arehas working probably the best , Pristina, 29 September 2015. 29September 21,Pristina, , were fully supported for several years years for several supported 21,were fully 51 in establishing its “daughter its 21inestablishing company” Klan Kosova When some three years ago state years adver three Whensome 50 TV 49

However, the investment largest by with aninvestment with of2.4million , Pristina, 28 September 2015. September 28 , Pristina, TV by Devolli Group. It by was Devolli party dailies managed managed dailies party ------ECONOMIC PRESSURE. TO POLITICAL AND BECAME VULNERABLE AT THAT POINT, THEY NOT SUSTAINABLE THESE MEDIA WERE GIVEN THAT MOST OF IT ON THEIR OWN. WERE LEFT TO MAKE RECEIVING SUPPORT MEDIA THAT HAD BEEN LEFT KOSOVO, THE SINCE MOST DONORS

MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS MEDIA OWNERSHIP AND FINANCES IN KOSOVO LEGAL VACUUM AND LACK OF TRANSPARENCY 16 23 were affiliated with the main political parties. political withwere themain affiliated the IMC inrecentthat, years, analysts madebymedia rather statement optimistic observations contradicts 55 54 Ibid. 53 52 lower price, to business companies (advertisers) in direct negotiations. indirect companies (advertisers) lower price,to business andanother, agencies buying andmedia offer oneprice to advertising much Usually they are prices. not real by broadcasters announced as for advertising alone. Kosovo monitor, onthe ofcountries they Kosovo list to specific data get onecannot so However, donothave web visits. ofthese pages some portal inmonitoring ise to by referring international thaton the web of site number visits pages special to reliable get since data possible it is the is situationbetter online media, with Somewhat ate the in order data to prices. attract and higher more advertising exagger usually statements they onthis issue, occasional give representatives the concerning data Iftheirveal their ofcopies sold. andnumber circulation onthe other hand,donotre Print media, ratings. viewership thegains best Usually, ratings. onbroadcast data that the broadcaster commissions asurvey to the IMC ports bythe oftheir terms are licences obliged to submitannualre media financial Broadcast in the legislation. addressed properly been not issue has This ket. mar media There inKosovo. ket are finances and no the reliabledata onmedia of broadcaster.this policy influenceeditorial this will the Kosova ofKlan exampletakeover recent are ofthis phenomenon.Thealleged atypical Kosova andTop Sot Kosova by the Interpress Company,, which Radio are owned for the mainTV was solved by replacing two board members from the previous board. the from previous members twoboard byreplacing solved was TheIMC parties. political with to theirowing links ofIMC somemembers for ofconflict ofinterest raised Allegations havebeen andappointment oftheselection

Lack of transparency is also influencing the advertising sector. influencing the advertising also is prices The oftransparency Lack mar oneofthethe media is mainproblems affecting oftransparency Lack 2.1 Interview with Naile Krasniqi, CEO Naile with Krasniqi, Interview tember 2015.tember anddirector, owner 25 Sep IlirGrapci, with Pristina, Paper Communications, Interview Report_new1602_setting_media_standards.pdf. Accessed 27 October 2015. Accessed 27 October Report_new1602_setting_media_standards.pdf. www.thomsonfoundation.org/assets/News_Features/2015/Kosovo%20report/Kosovo_ Independent Council ofKosovo Media Commission, 2015. and thePress Available http:// at: Taylor, ofthe and effectiveness Publicawareness Setting Kosovo: Media Standards: When we asked the IMC When weasked TRANSPARENCY OF MEDIA FINANCING TV by Devolli Group should be watched closely in the future to see how inthe closely watched futureto Group see should be byDevolli channels in Kosovo, the response was negative. was channels the inKosovo, response , but these data are data notpublicly, butthese available. There are no reliable for onthe data annual income costs andoperation Board members have been appointed only if they onlyifthey appointed have members been Board , IMC IMC , Pristina, 21 October 2015. 21 October , Pristina, board members has also been criticised. criticised. been also has members board 55

CEO claims that this issue 53 The process of Theprocess 52

54 This This ------, THE MEDIA MARKET. MEDIA FINANCES AND NO RELIABLE DATA ON KOSOVO. THERE ARE THE MEDIA MARKET IN PROBLEMS AFFECTING ONE OF THE MAIN TRANSPARENCY IS LACK OF

MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS MEDIA OWNERSHIP AND FINANCES IN KOSOVO LEGAL VACUUM AND LACK OF TRANSPARENCY 17 23 over 2million,andothers –6percent or 1,711,184 euro. 12percent or3,422,368912,631 TV euro, cable euro, newspapers, 17 radiostations, 3percent percent or or 4million,local or5million,internet, cal percent 6 million euro, lo 20 or nearly stations ofthat, get National television study, 29,632,000 marketis inKosovo theof annualadvertising euro. value (MDA Associates outbyManagement Development which were carried two market studies, the recenttion, during ofpreparation itcommissioned for process digitisation, As an not affordexcep market research. to or conduct commission regular the IMC to alackoffunds, onlyfor their Owing internal use. serve media that are marketanalyses by ordered research Thesporadic market. vertising lic companies. in all pub people to its install managed has party the main ruling years, several the last During advertisers. Publiccompanies remainment. the mainmedia ofgovern onpart the for media influencing open left been has another door However, law onprocurement. ofanew the agowith passing years three about discontinued itwas the towards government, who were notfriendly those against andto discriminate pro-government media to support used heavily was financing Since ofmedia this form by the government through advertising. ofthe publicbroadcaster. policy rial to influenceedito the used that been it has evident though it is even nancing, ment andthe current management ofRTK 56 2015, and there to It that stillnosolution this issue. is the govern both seems However, expired independence. in March editorial period its this three-year for solution financing the publicbroadcaster,better one guarantee that would RTK Both solution. three-year aprovisional as the budget from Kosovo broadcaster Television onRadio the Law of afinancing the public introduced ofKosovo ofRTK collapse the exception RTK ofthe publicbroadcaster

There is no reliable, regular research being conducted intobeing conducted ad the Thereis no Kosovo research reliable, regular 2.3 for many years supported haveOn the other other been hand,some media http://www.kpm-ks.org/materiale/dokument/1389360328.1626.pdf. Accessed 19 July 2015. MDA There is no direct media financing fromstate the with financing institutions inKosovo, media Thereis nodirect 2.2 ADVERTISING MARKET STATE FINANCING IN THE MEDIA TV and the Kosovo Assembly were supposed to use these three years to finda years three these to use were supposed andthe Assembly Kosovo stations, 22 percent 14 or 6.5 million, national percent stations, radio stations, , Advertising Market and Research Analysis in 2013. Kosovo Available, September at: financing through the license fee (paid by households), in 2012, in byhouseholds), financing through (paid the license fee ) in 2011 and 2013. According this last to from the results are offi this comfortable form with during the last few years. After the After years. few the last during 56 , 7percent or can ------MARKET RESEARCH. COMMISSION REGULAR TO CONDUCT OR IMC CANNOT AFFORD LACK OF FUNDS, THE USE. OWING TO A FOR THEIR INTERNAL BY MEDIA SERVE ONLY THAT ARE ORDERED RESEARCH ANALYSES THE SPORADIC MARKET ADVERTISING MARKET. INTO THE KOSOVO BEING CONDUCTED REGULAR RESEARCH THERE IS NO RELIABLE,

MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS MEDIA OWNERSHIP AND FINANCES IN KOSOVO LEGAL VACUUM AND LACK OF TRANSPARENCY 18 23 2,050,000 eurofor 2014. 62 61 60 59 58 57 and/or not onlyexerted political groups these theirIn order goals, to achieve er to in order influence to promote interests. the media their own or protect pow orfinancial political with andgroups individuals for various it possible made oftransparency Lack inKosovo. legislation through the media dressed ad properly have not been operations, and business of their journalism tegrity ofKoha Group aburden have for it. uation, become since parts some euro. come ofKlan Kosova 21 for 2014 were 3,350,500 euro. of Company Annual operation arecosts and are a profit. sustainable making TV Klan Kosova the ability of the media in Kosovo tothe inKosovo role play ability anddemonstrate democratic ofthe media in TV includes andthis figure advertising, advertising during 2014, during advertising

channels is larger than 6 million euro, as resulted from the from MDA channels resulted larger is than 6millioneuro,as Table 4 With commercial three TV all these this income advertising, from Interview with Baton Haxhiu, director, Baton Haxhiu, with Interview Klan Kosova TV Ibid. Interview with Xheraldina Vula, with RTV Interview director, Baton Haxhiu, with Interview Klan Kosova TV XheraldinaVula, with RTV Interview Media ownership and media financing, although both crucially influence bothcrucially although financing, andmedia ownership Media 3 The incometotal ofCompany 21 20143,630,500for was fromeuro, mainly IMC Source: MDA OTHER INTERNET CABLE TV NEWSPAPERS RADIO WITH NATIONAL COVERAGE LOCAL RADIO TV WITH NATIONAL COVERAGE LOCAL TV SECTORS CONCLUSIONS RTK 58 It that estimated is KTV . 2013. , 2014 Annual. Report SHARE OF THE ESTIMATED ADVERTISING REVENUE IN 2013 TV , Advertising Market Research and Analysis in Kosovo. Commissioned by Commissioned inKosovo. andAnalysis Market Research , Advertising . 59 If weaddto this the 2.072 million euro that TV over the last few years was between 2.2and2.8million between was years few over the last 60 62 Despite this, KTV this, Despite this means that market this means for the national advertising ’s to similar that is of income advertising from 61 , Pristina, 29 September 2015. 29September 21,Pristina, 2015. 29September 21,Pristina,

Klan Kosova *

as well. as 21 Macedonia DUE TO ROUNDING THE SHARES DO NOT ADD UP TO 100%. UP 6 % 3 % 7 % 12 % 14 % 17 % 20 % 22 % OF THE AMOUNT OF 29,632,000 EURO* SHARE seems to be inamore sit difficult to be seems , Pristina, 28 September 2015. September 28 , Pristina, , Pristina, 28 September 2015. September 28 , Pristina, TV had operational costs of costs hadoperational 57 RTK Theannual in gained from from gained research. stations

- - - - - SOME MEDIA. IN THE OWNERSHIP OF BUT ALSO INFILTRATED FINANCIAL PRESSURE, POLITICAL AND/OR NOT ONLY EXERTED GOALS, THESE GROUPS TO ACHIEVE THEIR INTERESTS. IN ORDER OR PROTECT THEIR OWN IN ORDER TO PROMOTE INFLUENCE THE MEDIA FINANCIAL POWER TO POLITICAL OR AND GROUPS WITH VARIOUS INDIVIDUALS IT POSSIBLE FOR TRANSPARENCY MADE LACK OF

MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS MEDIA OWNERSHIP AND FINANCES IN KOSOVO LEGAL VACUUM AND LACK OF TRANSPARENCY 19 23 owner is apparently is owner the latest example. ofKlan Kosovacase The groups. business large byInterpress Company.by Radio takeover ofmedia cases There are also Telegrafi Group, by Dukagjini web portal news For interests. their business example,protect andTV Radio through state advertising. support financial generous enjoyed dailies financing. For example,party the pro-ruling for years osovo legislators and the legislators osovo 1. interest market. ininvestment inthe media Kosovo the nominalowner,as ofthe president son former Fatmir Mentor with Bardhyl Sejdiu, Tahiri Sejdiu, the PDK byformer established was For example, outlets. have theties media pro- launched PDK ofpar wherethe main orinfluential representatives members there are cases Indeed, media. some ownership infiltrated in of pressure, the butalso financial of Prishtina journalist a former with terview 63 2. Thi the oftheir andof mainform financing their generaldevelopment. as vertising income through ad the media marketlimits ingeneral.This ing andthe media 4. 3.

s seems to be one of the main reasons for foreign media owners to show owners no for foreign media oneofthe mainreasons to be s seems Lack of transparency also constitutes a serious problem for media advertis problem constitutes for media also aserious of transparency Lack inorder to outlets promote and media Big companies have established also On the there other sideandrelated are to problematic this, ofmedia forms parency of media ownership and media concentration. andmedia ownership TheIMC ofmedia parency K In Pristina, 21 September 2015. 21 September Pristina, The community the andlegislators. media both inorder to role engage andinitiatea leading publicdebate issues, onthese 4 both for media development and for society ingeneral. andfor development society for media both onlinemedia bythe new andthe publiconthelegislators posed challenges debate community, andinformed amongthe media structured and organise government on the criteria for inthe the EUintegration. progress government onthe criteria the concentrationwith Kosovo andmedia dialogue ownership inits media The The andconcentration.ownership RECOMMENDATIONS Post by Hoti, the Prishtina Tribuna daily daughter byhis Besa portal news IMC IMC Commission should raise issues concerning the transparency of concerning the issues transparency shouldEU Commission raise , together with associations of journalists, should take a leading role should aleading take ofjournalists, associations , together with should re-launch its initiative to adopt new regulations on media onmedia regulations should re-launch initiative to adoptnew its 63 etc. etc. IMC

MP should pay much more attention to trans and current deputy minister Rexhep Hoti, andcurrent deputy who spoke on condition who spoke ofanonymity,Post TV with Devolli Group as the new the Groupnew as Devolli with Kosova and Sot Dukagjini d aily Infopress s Top Kosova hould take hould take andthe - - - -

MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS MEDIA OWNERSHIP AND FINANCES IN KOSOVO LEGAL VACUUM AND LACK OF TRANSPARENCY 20 23 Berisha, I.,“Kosovo/a”,Berisha, inMedia Ownership RTK InstituteGAP for Studies, Advanced Forumi shqiptar, “10 milioneret eKosoves,” European Media Fund for the Balkans, KosovoEuropean Commission, Progress al.,Freedom ofMedia et Brogi in the Hoxha, D.,Hoxha, “ Independent Media Commission (IMC Commission Media Independent and Pluralism and Impactand its onMedia Independence Institute, Ljubljana, 2004.Institute, Ljubljana, kosoves/83787/. Accessed 27 July 2015. www.albeu.com/kosove/10-milioneret-e- Available 2009. http://21 December at: 2015. 5 September Accessed Recent-developments.pdf. integrity-in-the-Western-Balkans- loads/2015/03/Media-freedom-and- balkanfund.org/wp-content/up- March 2015. Availableries, http:// at: - , Paper se Recent developments Balkans: in theWestern and integrity freedom 2015.27 October Accessed 22July 2015. Accessed vo-progress-report_en.pdf. key_documents/2014/20141008-koso- http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/ 2014. Available, October Report at: European Parliament. onHumanSubcommittee ofthe Rights bythe 2014. Commissioned Brussels, Western. European Union, Balkans Financial Finding Sustainability: alter Policy brief, 2011. brief, Policy financing topublic, natives broadcaster 24 July 2015. jnk.com/?cid=1,1018,5284. Accessed 2013. Available- http://gazeta at: në,” JetanëKosovë, 12April Gazeta pdf. Accessed 25Julypdf. 2015. materiale/dokument/1432128309.6233. 2015. Available http://kpm-ks.org/ at: Kuvenditjtuar tëRepublikës sëKosovës, 2014 vitin për ipunës dre vjetor - Raporti BIBLOGRAPHY KPM : IPKO shkelje meKTV , ed. B.Petković, Peace, ed. ), - ’s ’s - Independent Media Commission (IMC Commission Media Independent Independent Media Commission (IMC Commission Media Independent Koha Ditore, “ Koha Ditore, “Pushteti ibiznesmenëve,” 25 , “Kosovo”,IREX Sustainability Index, inMedia , “Kosovo”,IREX inMedia Sustainability Institute policy, for TheState Development Kadriu,”Index Margarita online,“Zhvatësja Kosova Sot, “ Sot, Kosova Koha Ditore, 2August 2015, p.3. Koha t’u- Ditore, për simjet ngji “Shantazhi 6 September 2015. 6 September ment/1327504207.3477.pdf. Accessed - www.kpm-ks.org/materiale/doku lizimi -sensibidhe- tëmediave penetrimit inivelitVlerësimi tëshikueshmërisë ti-PDK May 2014, pp.4-6. Accessed 18 JulyKosovo.pdf. 2015. sites/default/files/u105/EE_MSI_2014_ 2014. Available https://www.irex.org/ at: Accessed 18 Julykosovo.pdf. 2015. irex.org/sites/default/files/2015-msi- , 2015.Index Available https://www. at: Accessed 18pdf. July 2015. the%20Media%20in%20Kosovo%202015. INDEP%20-%20The%20State%20of%20 http://www.indep.info/documents/71012_ of theMedia in Kosovo 2015. Available at: jmID=123001. Accessed 25July 2015. - ID=2&La indeksonline.net/?Faqe 2014. Available October 28 http:// at: 2015. 6 September ment/1382459651.3871.pdf. Accessed - www.kpm-ks.org/materiale/doku tal kalim për nëtransmetimarëve digji- sëqytet igatishmërisë Vlerësimi vorizoi ‘Devollin’,” 7 October 2015, ‘Devollin’,” pp.6–7. vorizoi 7 October tur nëpolitikë,” 25May 2014, p.7. , Pristina, 2013. Available, Pristina, http:// at: , Pristina, 2011. Available http://, Pristina, at: ,” 4March 2015, pp.1,7. PDK RTK - fa privatizimin, kriminalizoi -ja hoqi kronikat an- hoqi -ja - ), ),

MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS MEDIA OWNERSHIP AND FINANCES IN KOSOVO LEGAL VACUUM AND LACK OF TRANSPARENCY 21 23 Independent Media Commission, Adresari Commission, Media Independent Freedom inKosovo, ofMedia Mission OSCE Circulation and inKosovo, Mission OSCE Associates Management Development Associates Management Development memiell “Kush egodet Lajme, po Lapsi Independent Media Commission, Adresari Commission, Media Independent org/?pamja=dokumentet&gjuha=1&k Availablenë Kosovë. http://kpm-ks. at: të licencuara transmetuese i subjekteve Accessed 21 July 2015. org/kosovo/122390?download=true. 2014. Available http://www.osce. at: in ofJournalists Kosovoand Safety , June 2015. Accessed 4September osce.org/kosovo/67790?download=true. Kosovo, 2010. Available http://www. at: Media in ofthePrint Politicization 2015. September ment/1382459651.3871.pdf. Accessed 6 - www.kpm-ks.org/materiale/doku 2013. AvailableSeptember http:// at: (IMC Commission Media bythe Independent Commissioned Kaliminpër nëTransmetimin. Digjital tëRepublikës sëKosovës Qytetarëve (MDA Accessed 19pdf. July 2015. materiale/dokument/1382459651.3871. Available http://www.kpm-ks.org/ at: (IMC Commission Media the Independent Analysis in Kosovo by . Commissioned (MDA 2015. 3 September me-miell-baton-haxhiun. Accessed jme/2014/10/11/kush-po-e-godet- Available http://www.lapsi.al/la at: - Baton Haxhiun,” 2014. 11 October transmetuese. Accessed 17transmetuese. July 2015. erko=Adresari%20i%20subjekteve%20 http://www.kpm-ks.org/materiale/ Availabletë nëKosovë. licencuar at: Programore të Shërbimeve i Ofertuesve ONLINE REGISTERS )˝. Pristina, September 2013. September )˝. Pristina, Vlerësimin e Gatishmërisë së eGatishmërisë ), Vlerësimin ), Advertising Market and Research ). Pristina, ). Pristina, - Radio TelevisionRadio Annual ofKosovo, Report TelevisionRadio Annual ofKosovo, Report , Matters Petković, B.(ed.), Media Inegrity andPetković, B.(ed.), its Media Ownership UBO Taylor, B.,Kosovo: Setting Media Standards: Telegrafi.com,- milliardë dollarë “Sa ‘pe Independent Media Commission, Adresari Commission, Media Independent pdf. Accessed 16pdf. July 2015. loads/2015/05/Media-Indicators-2015. - presscouncil-ks.org/wp-content/up 2015. Council. Press Available http:// at: 2.0,ÇOHU -Kosovo Glocal byKosovo . Commissioned conditions onKosovo’sof view and freedom media thorough ajournalists’ study from point 2013 2014 Peace 2014. Institute, Ljubljana, Pluralism Impact onMedia Independence and dia_standards.pdf. Accessed 19 July 2015.dia_standards.pdf. - Kosovo_Report_new1602_setting_me News_Features/2015/Kosovo%20report/ www.thomsonfoundation.org/assets/ Foundation, 2015. Available http:// at: Council ofKosovo , Thompson the Press Independent Media Commission and ofthe and effectiveness Public awareness va-79-6523.html. July Accessed 28 2015. - dollare-peshon-destani-nga-teto www.telegrafi.com/lajme/sa-miliarde- 2014.November Available http:// at: Tetova?” nga shon’ Destani Lazim 25 17 July 2015. ment/1435753949.1727.xls. Accessed - www.kpm-ks.org/materiale/doku Available nëKosovë. uar http:// at: Kabllor të licenc i Operatorëve 17 July 2015. dokument/1435753871.2781.xls. Accessed Media Indicators 2015: Consulting, A , Pristina, 2014. , Pristina, , Pristina, 2015. , Pristina, , Peace 2004. Institute, Ljubljana, and Kosovo andKosovo -

MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS MEDIA OWNERSHIP AND FINANCES IN KOSOVO LEGAL VACUUM AND LACK OF TRANSPARENCY 22 23 UNMIK No.04/Law L-042, OnPublicProcurement in No.04/Law L-046, Television Onthe Radio No.04/Law L-044, Onthe Independent Interview with Naile Krasniqi, CEO Naile with Krasniqi, Interview director, Baton Haxhiu, with Interview Klan anddi- owner IlirGrapci, with Interview marketing di- Dobraja, Shpend with Interview Office of Commissioner,Media Temporary Interview with XheraldinaVula, with RTV Interview Interview with Alban Zogaj, market re- Zogaj, Alban with Interview ISUF BERISHA Council of Kosovo, a partner organisation inthe SEE apartner ofKosovo, Council bythe Press engaged aresearcher as contributed this report Berisha Kosovo. in Pristina, atCurrently, the College Riinvest sociology andeconomic methods teaching research heis andtrainer(2005–2010) researcher inKosovo. andamedia (2006–2007) regulator media (1982–1995), ajournalist He as worked officer development head of media (1996–2005), Republic of Kosovo, 19 September 2011. 19 ofKosovo, Republic September 29Marchof Kosovo, 2012. 2March Commission, 2012. Media Kosova TV 2015. 25 September rector, Paper Communications, rector, 22 2000. June Qualifications, 2000. Kosovo, in media ofbroadcast ing andregulation April 2015 2015. and21 October 29 September 2015. 29 September searcher, 2015. September 24 Riinvest, LAWS AND REGULATIONS AND RELATED SOURCES LIST OF INTERVIEWS AUTHOR , Regulation 2000/36, Onthe licens, Regulation , 28 September 2015. September , 28 Zëri , 28 September 2015. September , 28 is aPhDcandidate inPolitical is Philosophy at the Croatia. University ofZagreb, , IMC 21, , 30 30 , - Constitutional Court ofthe of Constitutional Republic Court IMC IMC IMC Interview with a media marketing expert marketing expert amedia with Interview who analyst amedia with Interview expert advertising amedia with Interview of journalist aformer with Interview , Advertising Rule for Broadcasters, 2007. Rule, Advertising for Broadcasters, , Concentration of Broadcast Media , Concentration Media ofBroadcast of Distribution ofCable , Regulation September 2015. September Accessed 5 gjk_ki_182_14_ang.pdf. http://www.gjk-ks.org/repository/docs/ No.KI in Case onInadmissibility Resolution Kosovo, (IMC 2006 Ownership, 2007. Kosovo, andTelevisionRadio in Programmes 27 September 2015.27 September onconditionwho spoke ofanonymity, 22 September 2015. onconditionspoke ofanonymity, 2015. 25 September onconditionwho spoke ofanonymity, tion ofanonymity, 2015. 21 September oncondi whospoke - daily Post Prishtina Media Observatory. Media 182/14. (Available at: Draft regulation). Draft

AUTHOR Isuf Berisha EDITOR Brankica Petković MEDIA OWNERSHIP AND FINANCES ASSISTANT EDITOR Saša Panić REVIEWER Sandra This report has been produced with the financial assistance IN KOSOVO B. Hrvatin PUBLISHER Peace Institute, Institute for of the European Union. The contents of the report are the The report has been produced Contemporary Social and Political Studies, Metelkova 6, sole responsibility of the Peace Institute and the author, and within the project South East LEGAL VACUUM AND SI–1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, . DESIGN DAK, Ljubljana, November 2015 position of the European Union. http//www.mediaobservatory.net.