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Spiders from Groves in the Southwestern Archipelago of Finland (Araneae)

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Spiders from Groves in the Southwestern Archipelago of Finland (Araneae) XX…………………………………… ARTÍCULO: Spiders from groves in the southwestern archipelago of Finland (Araneae) Seppo Koponen ARTÍCULO: Spiders from groves in the south- western archipelago of Finland (Araneae) Abstract: Spiders were studied on two islands in southwestern Finland, 2005. The study Seppo Koponen sites were luxuriant grove habitats, oak (Quercus robur) and hazel (Corylus avellana) being characteristic tree species, also old aspens (Populus tremula) Zoological Museum, University of Turku, and spruces (Picea abies) occur. Spiders were collected on old deciduous trees, FI-20014 Turku, Finland mainly oaks, by window and branch traps and on the ground by pitfall traps. One e-mail: [email protected] species, Micaria fulgens (Walckenaer, 1802), is included in the Finnish Red Data Book. Some other rare and southern species were found, like Clubiona comta C. L. Koch, 1839, Haplodrassus silvestris (Blackwall, 1833), Hypomma cornutum (Blackwall, 1833), Improphantes decolor (Westring, 1861), Lepthyphantes minu- tus (Blackwall, 1833), Dipoena inornata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1861) and Paidiscura pallens (Blackwall, 1834). The most abundant species in the pitfall trap material Revista Ibérica de Aracnología are common and eurytopic in southern Finland, e.g. Diplostyla concolor (Wider, ISSN: 1576 - 9518. 1834), Alopecosa aculeata (Clerck, 1757) and Pardosa lugubris (Walckenaer, Dep. Legal: Z-2656-2000. 1802). Lepthyphantes minutus, Segestria senoculata (Linnaeus, 1758) and Vol. 15, 30-VI-2007 Paidiscura pallens on oak trees and Haplodrassus silvestris on the ground were Sección: Artículos y Notas. more abundant in the present study islands than in earlier studied oak groves in Pp: 97 − 104. coastal mainland of SW Finland. Fecha publicación: 30 Abril 2008 Key words: Spiders, Araneae, Finland, islands, grove, oak, ground layer, tree trunk, traps, faunistics Edita: Grupo Ibérico de Aracnología (GIA) Grupo de trabajo en Aracnología de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa (SEA) Avda. Radio Juventud, 37 50012 Zaragoza (ESPAÑA) Tef. 976 324415 Arañas de los bosques del archipiélago sudoccidental de Finlandia Fax. 976 535697 C-elect.: [email protected] En el año 2005, se procedió al estudio de las arañas de dos islas de la región sudoccidental de Finlandia. Las localidades de estudio correspondieron a zonas Director: Carles Ribera boscosas caracterizadas por la presencia de robles (Quercus robur) y avellanos C-elect.: [email protected] (Corylus avellana), así como chopo temblón (Populus tremula) y abeto rojo (Pi- cea abies). Las arañas se colectaron sobre árboles caducos viejos, principal- Indice, resúmenes, abstracts mente robles, utilizando trampas tipo “window and branch” y en suelo mediante Vols. publicados: trampas de caída. Una de las especies colectadas, Micaria fulgens (Walcke- http://entomologia.rediris.es/sea/ naer, 1802), está incluida en el libro rojo de Finlandia. También se capturaron publicaciones/ria/index.htm especies raras y de distribución meridional, como Clubiona comta C. L. Koch, 1839, Haplodrassus silvestris (Blackwall, 1833), Hypomma cornutum (Blackwall, Página web GIA: 1833), Improphantes decolor (Westring, 1861), Lepthyphantes minutus (Black- http://entomologia.rediris.es/gia wall, 1833), Dipoena inornata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1861) y Paidiscura pa- llens (Blackwall, 1834). Sin embargo, en las trampas de caída se capturaron es- Página web SEA: pecies comunes y euritópicas en el sur de Finlandia, como por ejemplo Diplosty- http://entomologia.rediris.es/sea la concolor (Wider, 1834), Alopecosa aculeata (Clerck, 1757) y Pardosa lugubris (Walckenaer, 1802). En el presente estudio, algunas especies como Lepthy- phantes minutus, Segestria senoculata (Linnaeus, 1758) y Paidiscura pallens, en los robles, y Haplodrassus silvestres, en el suelo, fueron capturadas de forma más abundante que en estudios anteriores realizados en robledales de la costa continental del sur de Finlandia. Palabras clave: Arañas, Araneae, Finlandia, islas, arboleda, roble, troncos de árbo- les, trampas, faunística. 98 Seppo Koponen Introduction Haplodrassus cognatus (Westring, 1861)* and Micaria subopaca Westring, 1861(Gnaphosidae) Agyneta inno- The southwestern archipelago of Finland consists tabilis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1863), Drapetisca socialis of over 40.000 islands or islests of different size. The (Sundevall, 1833)*, Entelecara erythropus (Westring, spider fauna in this area has been studied e.g. by Hack- 1851), Hypomma cornutum (Blackwall, 1833), Lepthy- man (1953), Lehtinen & Kleemola (1962), Kleemola phantes minutus (Blackwall, 1833)*, Moebelia penicil- (1963), Palmgren (1972), Palmgren & Lönnqvist (1974), lata (Westring, 1851)*, Neriene montana (Clerck, Lehtinen et al. (1979), Rinne et al. (1998), Koponen 1757)* and Thyreosthenius parasiticus (Westring, 1851) (1999, 2000), Clayhills et al. (2000) and Fritzén (2002). (Linyphiidae), Philodromus margaritatus (Clerck, Most of these studies have not dealt with the spiders in 1757)* (Philodromidae), Pseudeuophrys erratica luxuriant groves, but some data are included in papers (Walckenaer, 1826)* and Salticus cingulatus (Panzer, by Palmgren (1972), Lehtinen et al. (1979) and Rinne et 1797)* (Salticidae), Segestria senoculata (Linnaeus, al. (1998). 1758)* (Segestriidae), Keijia tincta (Walckenaer, 1802), In the present paper, data on spiders living on the Paidiscura pallens (Blackwall, 1834)*, Steatoda ground and on old trees (especially on oak) in two bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758)* and Theridion mystaceum small-sized and rather isolated islands are given. L. Koch, 1870* (Theridiidae) and Ozyptila praticola C. L. Koch, 1837* (Thomisidae). Most of them have been Material and Methods reported commonly from tree trunks in different parts of Europe (see Szinetár & Horvárth, 2006). The following STUDY AREA species are considered as exclusive bark-dwellers by The study islands are Hevonkack in Korpo Szinetár & Horvárth (2006): Haplodrassus cognatus, (60°20’N, 21°35’E) and Stora Styrholm in Nagu Micaria subopaca, Agyneta innotabilis, Drapetisca (60°16’N, 21°49’E). The area of the islands is ca 1 and socialis, Lepthyphantes minutus, Moebelia penicillata, 0.5 sq. km respectively, and they are situated 30-40 km Philodromus margaritatus and Theridion mystaceum. southwesth of the city of Turku (Fig. 1). The sites are luxuriant groves, oak (Quercus ro- bur) and hazel (Corylus avellana) being characteristic trees, also old aspens (Populus tremula) and spruces (Picea abies) occur. The field and ground layer vegeta- tion is diverse and dense. The sites studied had raised from the sea 2000-5000 years ago (land raise here is about 40 cm/100 years). These groves are included in the Finnish Natura 2000 Project. Spiders living or moving on tree trunks or on large horizontal branches were collected using window traps on the trunks and branch traps and eclectors on branches (see Fig. 2 and Koponen, 2004). The main tree studied was oak (Quercus robur). Pitfall traps were used for ground-living spiders. Plastic cups (diameter 65 mm) with aluminium covers and propylene glycol and deter- gent were used. There were two pitfall sites on both islands: a dry and a mesic site in Hevonkack and a dry and a moist site in Stora Styrholm. There were 10 traps/site, and the trapping period was 23 May – 13 September 2005. The material studied (about 1215 iden- tifiable specimens) is deposited in the Zoological Mu- seum, University of Turku. Nomenclature is after Kopo- Fig. 1. Study islands, Hevonkack and Stora Styrholm, in SW nen (2006). Finland. The earlier studied oak groves in costal mainland zone (Rinne et al., 1998) are shown by open circles. Results and discussion SPECIES ON TRUNKS AND BRANCHES The spiders collected by window traps (tree trunk Typical spider species on tree trunks (oaks and some species) are shown in Table I and those found by branch aspens) and large branches of oak (Tables I-II) were the traps/eclectors (branch species) in Table II. Lepthy- following (species found on both islands are marked phantes minutus, the clear dominant in window traps with an asterisk *): Anyphaena accentuata (Walckenaer, was caught in good numbers also in branch traps. Other 1802)* (Anyphaenidae), Nuctenea umbratica (Clerck, abundant species in both traps included Haplodrassus 1757)* and Zygiella stroemi (Thorell, 1870) (Aranei- cognatus and Salticus cingulatus. Generally, the compo- dae), Clubiona comta C. L. Koch, 1839* (Clubionidae), sition of dominant species in window and branch traps Spiders from groves in the southwestern archipelago of Finland (Araneae) 99 Fig. 2 Traps used for tree- dwelling spiders. A: branch trap (Koponen et al., 1997), B: branch eclector (Simon, 1995), C: window trap (Rinne et al., 1998). was rather different. The following spiders are rarely spinimana (Sundevall, 1833) (Zoridae), Bathyphantes collected and southern species in Finland (cf. Lehtinen parvulus (Westring, 1851) and Microneta viaria (Liny- et al., 1979; Palmgren, 1972; Rinne et al., 1998): Clu- phiidae). biona comta, Hypomma cornutum, Lepthyphantes minu- In general, the most abundant species in pitfalls tus, Paidiscura pallens and Dipona inornata (O. P.- are rather common in southern Finland and can be found Cambridge, 1861). Of the collected spiders, Lepthy- in different habitats. The most dominant species, Diplo- phantes minutus (Linyphiidae), Paidiscura pallens styla concolor, is known from a diversity of forest and (Theridiidae) and Segestria senoculta (Segestriidae) meadow habitats, even in human-influenced sites (cf. were here clearly more abundant than in
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