DOCSLIB.ORG

Wissenschaftskolleg Zu Berlin Jahrbuch 1993/94

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Wissenschaftskolleg Zu Berlin Jahrbuch 1993/94 Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin Jahrbuch 1993/94 WISSENSCHAFTSKOLLEG - INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY - ZU BERLIN JAHRBUCH 1993/94 NICOLAISCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG © 1995 by Nicolaische Verlags- buchhandlung Beuermann GmbH, Berlin und Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin — Institute for Advanced Study — Alle Rechte, auch das der fotomechanischen Wiedergabe, vorbehalten Redaktion: Katharina Biegger Umschlag: Jürgen Stockmeier Satz: Mega-Satz-Service, Berlin Druck: Druckerei Gerike Buchbinder: Luderitz & Bauer, Berlin Printed in Germany 1995 ISBN 3-87584-566-8 ISSN 0724-326X 5 Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorbemerkung des Herausgebers 11 Arbeitsberichte ANDRAS BOZÔKI Intellectuals and Democratization 14 SCOTT CAMAZINE (Self-) Organized Activity 17 ROBERT DARNTON Deviations from Monographism 22 JEAN LOUIS DENEUBOURG Actions locales, structures globales 28 ERHARD DENNINGER Individualrechte und Staatsziele 31 ASHOK DESAI Episodes of Growth and Decline 36 ROBERT ELEGANT But What a School 40 HANS MAGNUS ENZENSBERGER Hausaufgabe 42 6 REMIGIUSZ FORYCKI Récits de voyage des explorateurs français en Russie (1761-1859) 46 NIGEL FRANKS The Genesis of the (Super-)Organism in Evolution and Ontogeny 51 THOMAS GELZER Klassisches Altertum — Lebendiges Erbe 54 ANTHONY GRAFTON Twelve Months in Oz 63 DAVID GUGERLI Rede / Ströme 69 FRANÇOIS HARTOG Les Anciens et les Modernes et le passé imprévisible 72 CHRISTOPHER JOHN HUMPHRIES Systematics, biogeography and conservation 76 WOLFGANG KEMP Topophilie 80 GYÖRGY KURTAG PPPP 83 MARK LEHMSTEDT Zur Regulation öffentlicher Kommunikation 86 7 ORA LIMOR Space and Polemics 89 MARINA LITAVRINA Russian Emigrant Theatre in Europe 93 CATHARINE MACKINNON ... and the Invisibility of Women 99 CHRISTOPHER MARGULES Effects of Human Action on the Persistence or Extinction of Species 104 SANDRA MITCHELL Metaphysics in Historical, Social, and Scientific Context: The Case of Superorganism Theory 108 REINHARD MOCEK Übergänge. Aufregende Wissenschaftsgeschichte oder Wie ein nüchterner Arzt zum Romantiker wurde 113 GIANFRANCO POGGI Social Power in its Diversity 119 ALEXANDRE POPOVIC Mes chers amis, dans le monde musulman ... 123 BOB PRESSEY Save the World, then Study Medieval History 127 EDUARDO RABOSSI Naturalizing Human Rights 132 8 GUSTAV RANIS Development: Theory, Policy and Political Economy 135 ANTHONY REBELO Algorithms for Biodiversity Reserve Configurations 138 HANS-JÖRG RHEINBERGER Wissenschaftsgeschichten 141 KAROL SAUERLAND Die Intelligenz und die Denunziation 147 KLAUS SCHREINER Mit Maria und Toleranz 152 THOMAS D. SEELEY The Building of Biological Organization 156 WOLFGANG STREECK Die soziale Dimension des europäischen Einigungsprozesses 159 RICHARD C. TREXLER The Three Kings — Triumphal Image of Christian Rulers 162 RICHARD I. VANE-WRIGHT Assessing Priorities for the Conservation of Biological Diversity 167 ANTJE VOLLMER Ein Jahr Abstinenz und Distanz 175 9 PAUL WILLIAMS Character Diversity 178 KURT WÖLFEL Topographie eines „Weiten Feldes" 180 PAUL ZANKER Antike Philosophen, Barbaren und ein bedrängendes Stadtbild 184 Seminarberichte Examples Symposium organized by ANTHONY GRAFTON and FRANÇOIS HARTOG 20-21 May 1994 190 Priority Areas Analysis: Systematic Methods for the Conservation of Biodiversity BIODIVERSITY GROUP COLLOQUIUM 26-27 April 1994 193 Biology, Economics and Politics in Biodiversity Conservation BIODIVERSITY GROUP COLLOQUIUM 7-8 June 1994 198 10 Aufsätze Teil I BIODIVERSITY RESERVE SELECTION METHODS The Wissenschaftskolleg Biodiversity Project: Priority Areas Analysis 206 R. L. PRESSEY, C. J. HUMPHRIES, C. R. MARGULES, R. I. VANE-WRIGHT and P. H. WILLIAMS Beyond Opportunism: Key Principles For Systematic Reserve Selection 212 CHRIS R. MARGULES and PAUL H. WILLIAMS Representing Biodiversity 227 Aufsätze Teil II BUILDING BIOLOGICAL SUPERSTRUCTURES: MODELS OF SELF-ORGANIZATION Introduction 256 Prologue — Aims and Scope 258 JEAN LOUIS DENEUBOURG and S. GOSS Collective Patterns and Decision-Making 260 SCOTT CAMAZINE Collective Intelligence in Insect Colonies by Means of Self-Organization 283 NIGEL R. FRANKS Collective Intelligence and Limited Rationality in the Organization of Ant Colonies and Human Societies 306 11 Vorbemerkung des Herausgebers Das Jahrbuch des Wissenschaftskollegs ist Rechenschaft und Chronik zugleich. Es enthält die Arbeitsberichte seiner wissenschaftlichen Mit- glieder, die Resümees der im Kolleg veranstalteten Seminare sowie einige Aufsätze, die jahrestypische Forschungsthemen vorstellen. Der Langzeitbewohner des Wissenschaftskollegs kann die Arbeitsberichte eines Jahrgangs selten ohne ein Gefühl der Nostalgie lesen. Dem gelegent- lichen Besucher der Institution oder dem Außenstehenden muß ein solches Gefühl fremd sein. Aber auch ihnen mag bei der Lektüre der Arbeitsbe- richte deutlich werden, wie spannend stets der Prozeß ist, in dem sich zwischen den Theorien und den Temperamenten, den Traditionen und den Projekten eines Jahrgangs von Wissenschaftlern (sowie Künstlern, Schriftstellern und Politikern) Querverbindungen herstellen und Netz- werke knüpfen, die schließlich seine unverwechselbare Identität ausma- chen. Die Summe kleiner und großer, unerhörter und trivialer Begeben- heiten, zu denen sich die Arbeitsberichte der Fellows addieren, machen den Roman eines Jahres aus: Letztes Jahr im Wissenschaftskolleg... Die Arbeitsberichte sind ein Stück jüngster Wissenschaftsgeschichte, geschrie- ben in Berlin. Die Arbeits- und die Seminarberichte der Fellows sprechen für sich selbst. An manchen Stellen lassen sie das Ausmaß der „externen" Enga- gements immerhin ahnen, die ebenso unverwechselbar zur Arbeit des Wis- senschaftskollegs gehören. Die Fortschritte aber des Collegium Budapest oder des New Europe College in Bukarest im einzelnen aufzuzählen, würde den Rahmen dieses Jahrbuches sprengen. Auch kann über das Abenteuer, die Graduate School of Social Science der Polnischen Akade- mie der Wissenschaften in einem deutsch-französischen Verbund zu för- dern, ebensowenig berichtet werden wie über die Befriedigung, die die Unterstützung der „Bibliotheca Classica" in Sankt Petersburg mit sich bringt oder die Faszination, die vom durch das Wissenschaftskolleg und das Van Leer Jerusalem Institute gemeinsam initiierten Projekt „Europe in the Near East" ausgeht, in dem in Jerusalem junge Israelis, Palästinen- ser und Deutsche zusammenarbeiten. All diese Projekte zeigen, wie sehr sich das Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin als eine Institution begreift, der die Probleme der polis wichtig sind und die mit dazu beitragen will, von Berlin aus kulturelle und wissenschaftliche Fernwirkungen zu erzielen, die einer entstehenden Hauptstadt angemessen sind. Neue Verbindungen werden sichtbar auch darin, daß durch ein Stipendienprogramm der Andrew W. Mellon Foundation für ungarische, polnische, tschechische und slowaki- 12 sche Geisteswissenschaftler der Aufenthalt von drei Fellows am Wissen- schaftskolleg erstmals von amerikanischer Seite finanziell unterstützt wurde. 1994 war das Jahr, in dem durch György Kurtäg deutlich wurde, was der composer in residence, den das Wissenschaftskolleg zusammen mit den Berliner Philharmonikern beruft, bewirken kann. Die Uraufführung des Auftragswerks „Stele" unter Leitung von Claudio Abbado am 14. Dezem- ber 1994 in der Berliner Philharmonie war der offizielle Höhepunkt einer Kooperation, von der wir uns zum Nutzen Berlins noch viel versprechen. 1993/94 war auch das Akademische Jahr, in dem die erste Ernst Reuter- Vorlesung gehalten wurde. Wir hätten uns am Vorabend der Gremiensit- zungen am 23. Juni 1994 keinen besseren Auftakt für diese Vorlesungen denken können als den Vortrag, den Jean André François-Poncet, der ehe- malige französische Außenminister, zum Thema „Globale Herausforde- rungen — Europäische Antworten" hielt. Die Ernst Reuter-Vorlesungen werden von nun an in jedem Jahr sich einem Thema von weitreichendem öffentlichen Interesse widmen. Dieses Jahrbuch geht zu einem Zeitpunkt in Druck, da in Berlin der Weltklimagipfel stattfindet. Im Akademischen Jahr 1993/94 hatte das Wissenschaftskolleg zwei Schwerpunktgruppen im Bereich der Biologie eingeladen: mit den im Hause üblichen Kürzeln hießen sie die „Kollektive Intelligenz"- und die „Biodiversitäts"-Gruppe. Über die Absichten und die ersten Ergebnisse dieser Schwerpunktgruppen wird im Aufsatzteil die- ses Jahrbuchs berichtet. Dies war nur ein Auftakt: In den kommenden Jahren wird sich das Wissenschaftskolleg, in enger Abstimmung nicht zuletzt mit dem Innovationskolleg gleichen Namens an der Humboldt- Universität, verstärkt dem Bereich der Theoretischen Biologie zuwenden. Wolf Lepenies Arbeitsberichte 14 Wissenschaftskolleg Jahrbuch 1993/94 Andras Bozôki Intellectuals and Democratization Born 1959 in Budapest, Hungary. Degrees in law and political science (1983) and sociology (1985) at the Eöt- vös University Budapest. PhD in political science. Dis- sertation: The Theory and History of Anarchism. From 1988 associate professor at the Department of Sociol- ogy, Eötvös University. Main fields of research: polit- ical ideas, democratic transitions in comparative per- spective, the main actors (intellectuals and other groups) in the process of democratization in East Cen- tral Europe. Fellowships for research: University of California at L.A. (1988-89), Institut für die Wissen- schaft vom Menschen, Wien (1990 — 91). Activity in pol- itics: participant at the political negotiations and spokesman of the Federation of Young Democrats (1989). From 1994 — present beside lecturing at the Eöt- vös University — professor at the Department of Polit-
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Small Number of Workers with Specific Personality Traits Perform Tool Use in Ants Istva´ N Maa´ K1,2, Garyk Roelandt3, Patrizia D’Ettorre3,4*
    RESEARCH ARTICLE A small number of workers with specific personality traits perform tool use in ants Istva´ n Maa´ k1,2, Garyk Roelandt3, Patrizia d’Ettorre3,4* 1Department of Ecology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; 2Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland; 3Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Ethology UR 4443, University Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France; 4Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France Abstract Ants use debris as tools to collect and transport liquid food to the nest. Previous studies showed that this behaviour is flexible whereby ants learn to use artificial material that is novel to them and select tools with optimal soaking properties. However, the process of tool use has not been studied at the individual level. We investigated whether workers specialise in tool use and whether there is a link between individual personality traits and tool use in the ant Aphaenogaster senilis. Only a small number of workers performed tool use and they did it repeatedly, although they also collected solid food. Personality predicted the probability to perform tool use: ants that showed higher exploratory activity and were more attracted to a prey in the personality tests became the new tool users when previous tool users were removed from the group. This suggests that, instead of extreme task specialisation, variation in personality traits within the colony may improve division of labour. Introduction Tool use is a widespread phenomenon within the animal kingdom (Shumaker et al., 2011; Sanz et al., 2013) and new examples of animal tool use are regularly discovered, such as recently in *For correspondence: [email protected] pigs (Root-Bernstein et al., 2019) and seabirds (Fayet et al., 2020).
    [Show full text]
  • Species Composition and Diversity of Insects of the Kogyae Strict Nature Reserve in Ghana
    Open Journal of Ecology, 2014, 4, 1061-1079 Published Online December 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/oje http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oje.2014.417087 Species Composition and Diversity of Insects of the Kogyae Strict Nature Reserve in Ghana Rosina Kyerematen1,2*, Erasmus Henaku Owusu1, Daniel Acquah-Lamptey1, Roger Sigismund Anderson2, Yaa Ntiamoa-Baidu1,3 1Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana 2African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana 3Centre for African Wetlands, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana Email: *[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Received 6 September 2014; revised 9 November 2014; accepted 21 November 2014 Copyright © 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Kogyae Strict Nature Reserve, the only one in Ghana, was established to promote scientific re- search, particularly on how nature revitalizes itself after major disasters, and also to check the southward drift of the savannah grassland. This study presents the first comprehensive inventory of species composition and diversity of insects of the Reserve. Insects were surveyed between September 2011 and June 2012 to capture the end of the rainy season, the dry season and the peak of the wet season. Samples were taken from two sites within the Reserve, Dagomba and Oku using various sampling techniques including pitfall traps, malaise traps and sweep nets. Insect com- munities were characterized in terms of, 1) species richness estimators, 2) species richness, 3) Shannon-Weiner Index of Diversity, 4) Pielou’s evenness and 5) Bray-Curtis similarity.
    [Show full text]
  • 14Annual Report Contents
    14Annual Report Contents 4 Foreword 78 Report of the Supervisory Board 6 Executive Board 86 Consolidated Financial Statements 87 Responsibility Statement 8 The Axel Springer share 88 Auditor’s Report 89 Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 10 Combined Management Report 91 Consolidated Statement of 12 Fundamentals of the Axel Springer Group Comprehensive Income 22 Economic report 92 Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 41 Economic position of Axel Springer SE 93 Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 44 Events after the reporting date 94 Consolidated Segment Report 45 Report on risks and opportunities 95 Notes to the Consolidated 56 Forecast report Financial Statements 61 Disclosures and explanatory report of the Executive Board pursuant to takeover law 158 Boards 65 Corporate Governance Report Group Key Figures Continuing operations in € millions Change yoy 2014 2013 2012 Group Total revenues 8.4 % 3,037.9 2,801.4 2,737.3 Digital media revenues share 53.2 % 47.5 % 42.4 % 1) EBITDA 11.6 % 507.1 454.3 498.8 1) EBITDA margin 16.7 % 16.2 % 18.2 % 2) Digital media EBITDA share 72.1 % 62.0 % 49.4 % 3) EBIT 9.7 % 394.6 359.7 413.6 Consolidated net income 31.9 % 235.7 178.6 190.7 3) Consolidated net income, adjusted 9.3 % 251.2 229.8 258.6 Segments Revenues Paid Models 2.6 % 1,561.4 1,521.5 1,582.9 Marketing Models 10.8 % 794.1 716.5 662.8 Classified Ad Models 27.2 % 512.0 402.6 330.2 Services/Holding 6.1 % 170.5 160.8 161.4 EBITDA1) Paid Models – 2.4 % 244.2 250.1 301.8 Marketing Models 6.0 % 109.7 103.4 98.1 Classified Ad Models
    [Show full text]
  • The Conservation Management and Ecology of Northeastern North
    THE CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY OF NORTHEASTERN NORTH AMERICAN BUMBLE BEES AMANDA LICZNER A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN BIOLOGY YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO September 2020 © Amanda Liczner, 2020 ii Abstract Bumble bees (Bombus spp.; Apidae) are among the pollinators most in decline globally with a main cause being habitat loss. Habitat requirements for bumble bees are poorly understood presenting a research gap. The purpose of my dissertation is to characterize the habitat of bumble bees at different spatial scales using: a systematic literature review of bumble bee nesting and overwintering habitat globally (Chapter 1); surveys of local and landcover variables for two at-risk bumble bee species (Bombus terricola, and B. pensylvanicus) in southern Ontario (Chapter 2); identification of conservation priority areas for bumble bee species in Canada (Chapter 3); and an analysis of the methodology for locating bumble bee nests using detection dogs (Chapter 4). The main findings were current literature on bumble bee nesting and overwintering habitat is limited and biased towards the United Kingdom and agricultural habitats (Ch.1). Bumble bees overwinter underground, often on shaded banks or near trees. Nests were mostly underground and found in many landscapes (Ch.1). B. terricola and B. pensylvanicus have distinct habitat characteristics (Ch.2). Landscape predictors explained more variation in the species data than local or floral resources (Ch.2). Among local variables, floral resources were consistently important throughout the season (Ch.2). Most bumble bee conservation priority areas are in western Canada, southern Ontario, southern Quebec and across the Maritimes and are most often located within woody savannas (Ch.3).
    [Show full text]
  • Check-List of the Butterflies of the Kakamega Forest Nature Reserve in Western Kenya (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea)
    Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N. F. 25 (4): 161–174 (2004) 161 Check-list of the butterflies of the Kakamega Forest Nature Reserve in western Kenya (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea) Lars Kühne, Steve C. Collins and Wanja Kinuthia1 Lars Kühne, Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany; email: [email protected] Steve C. Collins, African Butterfly Research Institute, P.O. Box 14308, Nairobi, Kenya Dr. Wanja Kinuthia, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658, Nairobi, Kenya Abstract: All species of butterflies recorded from the Kaka- list it was clear that thorough investigation of scientific mega Forest N.R. in western Kenya are listed for the first collections can produce a very sound list of the occur- time. The check-list is based mainly on the collection of ring species in a relatively short time. The information A.B.R.I. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi). Furthermore records from the collection of the National density is frequently underestimated and collection data Museum of Kenya (Nairobi), the BIOTA-project and from offers a description of species diversity within a local literature were included in this list. In total 491 species or area, in particular with reference to rapid measurement 55 % of approximately 900 Kenyan species could be veri- of biodiversity (Trueman & Cranston 1997, Danks 1998, fied for the area. 31 species were not recorded before from Trojan 2000). Kenyan territory, 9 of them were described as new since the appearance of the book by Larsen (1996). The kind of list being produced here represents an information source for the total species diversity of the Checkliste der Tagfalter des Kakamega-Waldschutzge- Kakamega forest.
    [Show full text]
  • Complexity and Behaviour in Leptothorax Ants
    Complexity and behaviour in Leptothorax ants Octavio Miramontes Universidad Nacional Aut´onomade M´exico ISBN 978-0-9831172-2-3 Mexico City Boston Vi¸cosa Madrid Cuernavaca Beijing CopIt ArXives 2007 Washington, DC CopIt ArXives Mexico City Boston Vi¸cosa Madrid Cuernavaca Beijing Copyright 1993 by Octavio Miramontes Published 2007 by CopIt ArXives Washington, DC All property rights of this publications belong to the author who, however, grants his authorization to the reader to copy, print and distribute his work freely, in part or in full, with the sole conditions that (i) the author name and original title be cited at all times, (ii) the text is not modified or mixed and (iii) the final use of the contents of this publication must be non commercial Failure to meet these conditions will be a violation of the law. Electronically produced using Free Software and in accomplishment with an Open Access spirit for academic publications Social behaviour in ants of the genus Leptothorax is reviewed. Attention is paid to the existence of collective robust periodic oscillations in the activity of ants inside the nest. It is known that those oscillations are the outcome of the process of short-distance interactions among ants and that the activity of individual workers is not periodic. Isolated workers can activate spontaneously in a unpredictable fashion. A model of an artificial society of computer automata endowed with the basic behavioural traits of Leptothorax ants is presented and it is demonstrated that collective periodic oscillations in the activity domain can exist as a consequence of interactions among the automata.
    [Show full text]
  • Lepenies, Wolf
    The End of “German Culture” WOLF LEPENIES The Tanner Lectures on Human Values Delivered at Harvard University November 3–5, 1999 Wolf Lepenies is professor of sociology at the Free University, Berlin. He received his Ph.D. at the University of Münster. He has been a fel- low of the Center for Advanced Studies, Vienna, and the Institute for Advanced Study, Berlin. He has also been a member of the School of So- cial Science, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton; the German Academy for Language and Literature; the Academia Europaea; the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften; and Interna- tional P.E.N., among others; and was a founding member of the Acad- emy of Sciences and Technology, Berlin. He is the author of numerous books, including Between Literature and Science: The Rise of Sociology (1988) and Melancholy and Society (1992). He is a recipient of the French Légion d’Honneur. I. EXILE AND EMIGRATION: THE SURVIVAL OF “GERMAN CULTURE” Introduction In 1941, the Hungarian ambassador in Washington paid a courtesy call to the State Department, since Nazi Germany had forced his country to declare war against the United States. It turned out to be a very civilized meeting indeed and after the ambassador, following the rules of diplo- macy, had fulŠlled his somewhat delicate mission, the secretary of state politely asked him to sit down so that the two of them might take the rare opportunity for a good talk over crackers and a glass of brandy. The following conversation ensued. “I cannot hide from you, Mr. Ambassador, how much I regret that the Hungarian Republic has decided to wage war against my country, the United States of America!” “Sir,” the ambassador replied, “please believe me when I say how much I personally resent this decision.
    [Show full text]
  • Download PDF File
    Myrmecological News 19 Digital supplementary material Digital supplementary material to DEJEAN, A., CORBARA, B., ROUX, O. & ORIVEL, J. 2014: The antipredatory behaviours of Neotropical ants towards army ant raids (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). – Myrmeco- logical News 19: 17-24. Appendix 1: Synthesis of the reactions of different ant species when faced with New World army ants. The size of the ecitonine colonies varies as follows: Eciton burchellii WESTWOOD, 1842: up to 650,000 workers (FRANKS 1985) and E. hamatum FABRICIUS, 1782: up to 250,000 workers (RETTENMEYER & al. 1983); Neivamyrmex nigrescens (CRESSON, 1872): 150,000 to 200,000 (SCHNEIRLA 1958); Nomamyrmex esenbeckii (WESTWOOD, 1842): 700,000 workers (RETTENMEYER 1963); Labidus praedator (F. SMITH, 1858): one million workers (HÖLLDOBLER & WILSON 1990). SF: subfamily; Dol: Dolichoderinae; Eci: Ecitoninae; Ect: Ectatomminae; Form: Formicinae; Myr: Myrmicinae; Par: Paraponerinae; Ps; Pseudomyrmecinae; Pon: Ponerinae. Raided ant species SF Army ant Details of the reactions References Avoided by army ants Acromyrmex coronatus Myr Eciton bur- Encountered Acromyrmex forager immobilized, crouched, SAN JUAN (2002) FABRICIUS, 1804 chellii (WEST- was antennated, then it moved; Eciton seemed repulsed. WOOD, 1842) Atta cephalotes (LINNAEUS, Myr Eciton No aggressiveness during the encounters. Once the raid RETTENMEYER 1758), Atta spp. burchellii traversed the Atta nest. (1963), this study Odontomachus spp. Pon Eciton hama- Avoided; seldom retrieved workers. RETTENMEYER & tum (FABRICI- al. (1983) US, 1782) Crematogaster spp. Myr Eciton spp. Avoided by Eciton as well as Neivamyrmex pilosus. RETTENMEYER & al. (1983) Myrmecocystus mimicus Myr Neivamyrmex Avoided; even F. pruinosus climbed over the raiders, MIRENDA & al. WHEELER, 1908, nigrescens which remained motionless. (1980) Forelius pruinosus (ROGER, Dol (CRESSON, 1863) 1872) Solenopsis xyloni MCCOOK, Myr Neivamyrmex Avoided but was raided by Neivamyrmex harrisi (speci- MIRENDA & al.
    [Show full text]
  • Nymphister Kronaueri Von Beeren & Tishechkin Sp. Nov., an Army Ant
    BMC Zoology Nymphister kronaueri von Beeren & Tishechkin sp. nov., an army ant-associated beetle species (Coleoptera: Histeridae: Haeteriinae) with an exceptional mechanism of phoresy von Beeren and Tishechkin von Beeren and Tishechkin BMC Zoology (2017) 2:3 DOI 10.1186/s40850-016-0010-x von Beeren and Tishechkin BMC Zoology (2017) 2:3 DOI 10.1186/s40850-016-0010-x BMC Zoology RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Nymphister kronaueri von Beeren & Tishechkin sp. nov., an army ant-associated beetle species (Coleoptera: Histeridae: Haeteriinae) with an exceptional mechanism of phoresy Christoph von Beeren1,2* and Alexey K. Tishechkin3 Abstract Background: For more than a century we have known that a high diversity of arthropod species lives in close relationship with army ant colonies. For instance, several hundred guest species have been described to be associated with the Neotropical army ant Eciton burchellii Westwood, 1842. Despite ongoing efforts to survey army ant guest diversity, it is evident that many more species await scientific discovery. Results: We conducted a large-scale community survey of Eciton-associated symbionts, combined with extensive DNA barcoding, which led to the discovery of numerous new species, among them a highly specialized histerid beetle, which is formally described here. Analyses of genitalic morphology with support of molecular characters revealed that the new species is a member of the genus Nymphister. We provide a literature review of host records and host-following mechanisms of Eciton-associated Haeteriinae demonstrating that the new species uses an unusual way of phoretic transport to track the nomadic habit of host ants. Using its long mandibles as gripping pliers, the beetle attaches between the ants’ petiole and postpetiole.
    [Show full text]
  • Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
    THE ORIGIN OF WORKERLESS PARASITES IN LEPTOTHORAX (S.STR.) (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) BY JORGEN HEINZE Theodor-Boveri-Institut (Biozentrum der Universitit), LS Verhaltensphysiologie und Soziobiologie, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wtirzburg, F.R.G. ABSTRACT The evolutionary origin of workerless parasitic ants parasitizing colonies of Leptothorax (s.str.) is investigated using data on mor- phology, chromosome number, and allozyme phenotype of both social parasites and their hosts. Of the three previously proposed pathways, the evolution of workerless parasites from guest ants or slave-makers is unlikely, at least according to a phenogram obtained by UPGMA clustering of Nei's similarities based on seven enzymes. Intraspecific evolution of the workerless parasites Doronomyrmex goesswaldi, D. kutteri, and D. pacis from their common host, Leptothorax acervorum cannot be excluded with the present data. The workerless parasite L. paraxenus, however, clearly differs from its host, L. cf. canadensis, in morphology and biochemistry, and most probably did not evolve from the latter species. It is proposed to synonymize Doronomyrmex under Lep- tothorax (s.str.). INTRODUCTION Eusocial insects by definition are characterized by a division of labor between non-reproductive workers and reproductive queens. Nevertheless, in a small minority of ant, bee, and wasp species, the worker caste has been secondarily lost. Instead of founding their own colonies solitarily, the queens of these workerless social para- sites invade the nests of other, often closely related host species and exploit the present worker force to rear their own young. In 1present address: Zool. Inst. I, Univ. Erlangen-Ntirnberg, Staudtstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany Manuscript received 19 January 1996.
    [Show full text]
  • The Butterflies of Taita Hills
    FLUTTERING BEAUTY WITH BENEFITS THE BUTTERFLIES OF TAITA HILLS A FIELD GUIDE Esther N. Kioko, Alex M. Musyoki, Augustine E. Luanga, Oliver C. Genga & Duncan K. Mwinzi FLUTTERING BEAUTY WITH BENEFITS: THE BUTTERFLIES OF TAITA HILLS A FIELD GUIDE TO THE BUTTERFLIES OF TAITA HILLS Esther N. Kioko, Alex M. Musyoki, Augustine E. Luanga, Oliver C. Genga & Duncan K. Mwinzi Supported by the National Museums of Kenya and the JRS Biodiversity Foundation ii FLUTTERING BEAUTY WITH BENEFITS: THE BUTTERFLIES OF TAITA HILLS Dedication In fond memory of Prof. Thomas R. Odhiambo and Torben B. Larsen Prof. T. R. Odhiambo’s contribution to insect studies in Africa laid a concrete footing for many of today’s and future entomologists. Torben Larsen’s contribution to the study of butterflies in Kenya and their natural history laid a firm foundation for the current and future butterfly researchers, enthusiasts and rearers. National Museums of Kenya’s mission is to collect, preserve, study, document and present Kenya’s past and present cultural and natural heritage. This is for the purposes of enhancing knowledge, appreciation, respect and sustainable utilization of these resources for the benefit of Kenya and the world, for now and posterity. Copyright © 2021 National Museums of Kenya. Citation Kioko, E. N., Musyoki, A. M., Luanga, A. E., Genga, O. C. & Mwinzi, D. K. (2021). Fluttering beauty with benefits: The butterflies of Taita Hills. A field guide. National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. ISBN 9966-955-38-0 iii FLUTTERING BEAUTY WITH BENEFITS: THE BUTTERFLIES OF TAITA HILLS FOREWORD The Taita Hills are particularly diverse but equally endangered.
    [Show full text]
  • Nest Construction and Architecture of the Amazonian Bumble Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
    Apidologie 34 (2003) 321–331 © INRA/DIB-AGIB/ EDP Sciences, 2003 321 DOI: 10.1051/apido:2003035 Original article Nest construction and architecture of the Amazonian bumble bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Olivia Mariko TAYLORa, Sydney A. CAMERONb* a Department of Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2 Canada b Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 320 Morrill Hall, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA (Received 8 February 2002; revised and accepted 1 November 2002) Abstract – The Amazonian bumble bee, Bombus transversalis, is mostly restricted to tropical rain forest of the Amazon Basin. Little is known of its biology, in part because its surface nests are cryptic and hard to find. Here we examine nest site characteristics, nest architecture and construction behavior from 16 colonies observed in different regions of Amazonia. We quantify structural features of the nest habitat and external and internal characteristics of the nests. We ascertain that nests are constructed on terra firme, on the surface of the ground and incorporate elements of growing vegetation as physical support. Nests consist of a thatched canopy of tightly woven leaves and rootlets, beneath which lies the brood and food storage pots. To build the nest, workers cut and transport leaves from the surrounding forest floor. Nests are dry inside, despite torrential rainfall and external relative humidity levels near 100%. Nests may be reused although a colony appears to persist for only one season. corbiculate
    [Show full text]