THE MEDIAEVAL ACADEMY OF AMERICA
PUBLICATION NO. 80
CORPVS PHILOSOPHORVM MEDII AEVI CORPVS COMMENTARIORVM AVERROIS IN ARISTOTELEM CORPVS COMMENTARIORVM AVERROLS IN ARISTOTELEM
CONSILIO ET AYSPICIIS ACADEMIAE AMERICANAE MEDIAEVALIS ADIVVANTIBVS ACADEMIIS CONSOCIATIS
Ediderunt
HENRICVS AVSTRYN WOLFSON SHLOMO PINES ZEPH STEWART
Vcrsionum Arabicorum
VOLVMEN VII
COMPENDIA LIBRORVAI QUI PARVA NATURALIA VOCANTVR
THE MEDIAEVAL ACADEMY OF AMERICA Cambridge, Massachusetts 1972 AVERROIS CORDVBENSIS
COMPENDIA
LIBRORVM ARISTOTELIS QVI PARVA NATVRALIA VOCANTVR
• •••
TEXTVM ARABICVM RECENSVIT ET ADNOTATIONIBVS 1LLVSTRAVIT
HENRICVS BLVMBERG
THE MEDIAEVAL ACADEMY OF AMERICA 1972
© 1972, by THE MEDIAEVAL ACADEMY OF AMERICA
Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number: 78-108420
ISBN: 910956-54-S
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES UK AMERICA
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1010 ARCH STREET. PHILADELPHIA. PA. 1910T In 1931, The Mediaeval Academy of America undertook the publica- tion of Averroes' Commentaries on Aristotle in accordance with a "Plan for the publication of a Corpus Commentariorum Averrois in Aristotelem" published in Speculum VI (1931), 412-427, and revised in Speculum XXXVII (1963), 88-104. The Plan provides that, besides the required introductions, critical apparatuses, glossaries, and indexes, editors of texts may also add notes and studies and translations into English. The present volume contains the Arabic original of the Parva Na- turalia, edited by Professor Harry Blumberg, with the addition of explanatory notes in Arabic. The Latin version of this work, edited by Professor Emily Ledyard Shields, appeared in 1949 and the Hebrew version (with explanatory notes), edited by Professor Harry Blumberg, appeared in 1954. An English translation (with explanatory notes), also by Professor Blumberg, appeared in 1961. The publication of this work has been made possible through gen- erous grants from the Littauer Fund of the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Literatures of Harvard University (formerly the Department of Semitic Languages and History) and from the Littauer Foundation. TABLE OF CONTENTS
EN'GLISH SECTIOX
I'At.U Preface ix Introduction xi
ARABIC SECTION'
Preface \
Introduction r
Key to Sigla rt Explanation of Signs x o Text and Critical Apparatuses 1 Notes to Text 112 List of Aristotle's Writings Referred to in Notes 167 Bibliography 16S Glossary in Arabic, Hebrew, Latin and Greek 171 Greek-Arabic Glossary 194 Index of References in the Text 197 Index of References in the Notes 199 Index of Subjects and Names 203
PREFACE
TN 1932, the Mediaeval Academy of America announced that it would undertake the publication of Averroes' commentaries on Aristotle in the original Arabic and in the Hebrew and Latin translations. Shortly thereafter, I was invited by the Academy to prepare critical editions of Averroes' Epitome of Aristotle's Parva Naturalia in the original Arabic and of Moses ibn Tibbon's Hebrew translation of this work, and also to collaborate with Prof. E. L. Shields of Smith College in the prepara- tion of Michael Scot's Latin translation of the Epitome. After collating the three extant Arabic mss of Averroes' Epitome and eight mss of the Hebrew translation and then establishing a reliable and intelligible text, we proceeded to prepare the critical apparatuses for the Latin transla- tion, which was completed by Prof. Shields and myself and was published by the Academy in 1949. This was followed by the publication in 1954 of Moses ibn Tibbon's Hebrew translation together with introduction and notes in Hebrew, all prepared by the present writer. In 1961, the Academy published our English translation of Averroes' Epitome of the Parva Naturalia together with introduction and notes in English. Leaning upon the critical editions of the Hebrew and Latin transla- tions of the Epitome already published, we have now made ready for the press a critical edition of the original Arabic text of the Epitome together with an introduction and notes in Arabic. In connection with the publication of this first volume in the Arabic series, I should like to acknowledge my indebtedness to a number of people. First of all, my gratitude is extended to my former teacher and guide, Prof. H. A. Wolfson of Harvard University, who inaugurated the plan for the publication of Averroes' commentaries on Aristotle, and whose stimulating encouragement, sound judgment and wide erudition in the field were of great aid in bringing this painstaking work to a successful conclusion. I am also indebted to Prof. Shlomo Pines of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem for reading the Arabic text and for his helpful comments; to Alfonse Jamil Chaurize, who helped in the stylistic x Preface rendition of the Arabic notes and introduction; to Dr. Sason Someh of Tel Aviv University for proofreading the Arabic text of the Epitome; to Prof. Seph. Stewart for proofreading the Greek terms of the text; and to Dr. Paul J. Meyvaert, Executive Secretary of the Academy, for his generous help in administrative matters in connection with the publica- tion of this volume. H. B. INTRODUCTION
HISTORY OF THE ARABIC TEXT
Averroes, who was undoubtedly the most profound and compre- hensive of Arab interpreters of Aristotle's works, wrote three kinds of commentaries: (1) long, (2) middle, (3) short. The Kitab aUIIiss w'a/- Mahsus, Averroes' commentary to Aristotle's smaller psychological treatises, known to the Latin scholastics by the general title of Parva Naturalia, has come down to us only in the form of the short one or epitome, which was completed by Averroes in 565 Heg. (1170 A. D.). Bekker's printed edition of Aristotle's works in Greek contains nine separate treatises in the collection of the Parva Naturalia: (1) De Sensu et Sensibili\ (2) De Memoria et Reminiscentia; (3) De Somno et V'tgilia\ (4) De Somniis; (5) De Divinatione per Somnum; (6) De Longitudine et Brevitate Fitae; (7) De Juventute et Senectute; (8) De Vita et Morte; (9) De Respiratione. Although Averroes knew of the nine Aristotelian treatises, for he mentions them by name, only the first six were available to him in Arabic translation. The Arab bibliographers who followed Averroes likewise record the existence of only the first six treatises.
THE ARABIC MANUSCRIPTS The present Arabic edition is based upon a collation of the three extant Arabic manuscripts, that of eight manuscripts of the Hebrew translation of Moses ibn Tibbon, and that of eight manuscripts of the Latin translation by Michael Scot, in addition to the Juntine printed Venice edition of 1550 A. D. Two of the Arabic manuscripts collated are written in Hebrew characters: (1) Paris, Cod. Heb. 1009, and (2) Modena, Biblioteca Estense, Cod. Arab. I.D. 10. Though Bouyges reported the existence of a number of Arabic manuscripts of the Epitome on the basis of the not very reliable catalogues of manuscripts pub- lished by some mosques in Istanbul, the present writer, upon personally inspecting the copies recorded by Bouyges, discovered that there was really only one manuscript of the Epitome of the Parva Naturalia in Istanbul, the copy of the Yeni Cami Mosque, no. 1179, which had been transferred to the Sulaimaniya Mosque in the came city. xii Introduction
THE HEBREW TRANSLATIONS AND SUPERCOMMENTARIES The Hebrew translation of the Epitome was completed by Moses ibn Tibbon in Montpellier, France, in 1254. Steinschneider lists more than 25 copies of the Hebrew translation distributed in eleven different European libraries. In addition, another copy, not included by Stein- schneider, is to be found in the Elkan Adler collection, no. 1853, of the Jewish Theological Seminary of New York. The eight Hebrew manuscripts collated are listed in the Key to the Sigla following the Arabic introduction. The Ibn Tibbon translation is so close and faithful a rendition of the original Arabic that it is almost indispensable for the clarification of doubtful and erroneous passages in the underlying Arabic text. The translation is also distinguished for its accuracy and consistency in the use of Hebrew philosophical terms. Though Averroes' writings and commentaries were proscribed in orthodox Muslim circles towards the end of his life and after his death in 1198, Jewish scholars continued the diligent study of Averroes' com- mentaries for several centuries thereafter, and thus a number of super- commentaries appeared which helped to illuminate difficult passages in his commentaries and to transmit more accurate Hebrew texts of these works. One such supercommentary was completed by Levi ben Gershon in 1324, of which there are three extant copies: Berlin, 110; Bodleian, Oppenheimer, 38; and Jewish Theological Seminary of New York, Elkan Adler, 1744. Another copy, erroneously ascribed to R. Vital, is regarded by Steinschneider as probably the supercommentary of Moses Narboni.
THE LATIN TRANSLATION Averroes' Epitome of the Parva Naturalia was first translated into Latin from the Arabic during the thirteenth century. Although the Latin translator is not mentioned by name, from internal evidence we can conjecture that Michael Scot was the translator of the Epitome of the Parva Naturalia. In the Paris Cod. Lat. 15,453, Michael Scot is definitely mentioned as the translator of Averroes' commentaries to the De Caelo and the De Anima. At the same time we find that all of the extant Latin copies of Averroes' commentaries to the De Caelo and the Tie Anima are inseparably attached to his commentaries on the Be Generatione, the Meteorologica, and the Parva Naturalia. It is there- fore reasonable to assume that Michael Scot was likewise the translator Introduction Xlll of the Epitome of the Parva Naturalia. The eight copies of the Latin translation and the printed Juntine edition collated by Professor Emily Shields of Smith College and the present writer are listed in the Key to the Sigla following the Arabic introduction. All copies of the Latin version omit the introductory part of the text of the Kitab al-Hiss w'al-Mahsus and begin with the words, "Virtutes quidem sensibiles" on p. 4, line 3 of our Arabic edition. The name of the translator and the date of the translation are likewise missing in all of the Latin copies. As a result of the numerous omissions and paraphrases in the Latin translation, the Latin text must be regarded as incomplete and it cannot be profitably studied without constant reference to the Arabic and Hebrew. For the exact denotation of many philosophical terms in the Latin version, one must constantly compare such terms with those of the underlying Arabic and Hebrew texts.
THE CRITICAL APPARATUSES For the present Arabic edition of the Epitome we have prepared three critical apparatuses. Apparatus I contains the variant readings of the three copies collated. The variants include omissions, additions and corrections and also emendations made by copyists in the margins. In a number of instances, where all the Arabic manuscripts contain an obviously erroneous reading, we have had to rely upon the Hebrew and Latin translations for a reading that would construe. Where such corrections were made in the Arabic text, the variant readings of the three Arabic manuscripts were, of course, recorded in Apparatus I. In general, where a reading differed in any or all of the three Arabic manuscripts, we selected one reading in preference to others in accordance with the following criteria: (1) the selected reading had to be pertinent to the subject matter; (2) it had to be logical and grammatically correct; (3) a word or phrase was to be added or omitted from the Arabic text after comparing it with the Hebrew and Latin translations only where such additions or omissions were obviously oversights on the part of the Arab copyist. All such emendations in the Arabic text have been recorded in the Arabic introduction on pages s and \. Apparatus II contains the variations in the eight Hebrew manuscripts collated as compared with each other and with the established Arabic text. The Hebrew variants have been translated into Arabic and have been listed in Apparatus II. The eight Hebrew manuscripts collated were those used by the present writer in establishing and editing the text of Moses ibn Tibbon's Hebrew translation. This edition of the Introduction
Hebrew translation of the Epitome was published by the Mediaeval Academy of America in 1954. Apparatus III contains the Latin variants taken from the edition of the Latin translation of the Epitome prepared by Emily L. Shields and myself and published by the Mediaeval Academy of America in 1949. Although many of the Latin variants in Apparatus III were of no practical significance in the establishment of a correct Arabic text, nevertheless, such variations were included in Apparatus III, inasmuch as we had already prepared them for the Latin edition of Averroes' Epitome of the Parva Naturalia. It is our hope that the student in- terested in the development and transmission of the Latin version will find in our critical notes adequate material for further study. The Epitome of the Parva Naturalia has very few word-for-word quotations from Aristotle's works, although here and there, such Aris- totelian treatises as the De Anima, the De Generatione et Corruptione, the Meteorologica, the De Interpretatione, and the Historia Animalium are mentioned by name in connection with certain passages. In such cases wherever it was possible to ascertain the underlying Greek source of the quotation, reference was made to the page and line of Bekker's Greek edition of Aristotle's works. Most of the references will be found in the margins of the Arabic text and in the notes following the text.
WHAT IS NEW OR DIFFERENT IN AVERROES' EPITOME OF THE PARVA NATURALIA? Unlike the case of his middle and long commentaries in which Averroes was bound by the order and phraseology of the Aristotelian texts, in the epitomes Averroes felt free to discuss the problems and views presented by Aristotle in their more general aspects, to advocate or criticize the views of Aristotle's Greek and Arab commentators, to clarify vague and inconclusive notions and theories presented by the Aristotelian text, and in effect to present his own original views which at times differed from those of Aristotle. In this summary we shall describe some of these original interpretations and views of Averroes, all of which are discussed at greater length in the Arabic introduction and notes. In classifying the external senses as (1) those that are necessary for the preservation of the animal, and (2) those that are not essential for such preservation, Aristotle is definite about the sense of touch as necessary but is vague about the sense of taste. Averroes states une- quivocally that both touch and taste are essential, for taste is in reality Introduction xv a form of touch.1 In discussing the sense of sight, Aristotle regards fine, flexible eyelids as essential for acuity of vision, while Averroes takes exception to this view by maintaining that many animals have sharper vision than man because of the thickness of their eyelids.* Furthermore, Averroes notes an inconsistency in Aristotle's view as to whether the flesh is an organ or medium of touch. In the Historia Animalium, Aristotle calls the flesh the organ of touch, while in the De Anima he designates it as a medium. Averroes clarifies the ambiguity by stating categorically that the flesh is the organ of touch.5 In dealing with the processes involved in seeing, Averroes has occa- sion to touch upon the functioning of the inner senses. Leaning upon Galen's analysis of these processes, Averroes states that when one sees an object, this object, by means of light, is impressed upon the air as a medium, and is then conveyed to the external coat of the eye and thence to the crystalline lens, the vitreous humor and the retina, behind which the first inner sense, i. e., the common sense, is located. After the common sense perceives the form, it conveys it to the informans (3J_J«AJI), which is the imaginative faculty. The form in the latter faculty is more spiritual and therefore does not need the presence of the sense-object for its presentation in the inner sense. Averroes seems to differ with Aristotle as to the location of the common sense. Aristotle explicitly states that the organ of the common sense is the heart (De Somno 2, 456a 5; De Juven. et Senec, 3, 469a 12 fF.). According to Averroes, the movements from external objects are carried to the retina, and from there through the channels containing the pneuma, they are conveyed to the heart. Aristotle is not explicit as to how these stimulations reach the heart, but Averroes leans upon Alexander Aphrodisias to supply the missing details by stating that there are channels (ir6poi) that extend from the heart to the brain and from the brain to the organ of sight.4 In the second treatise of the Parva Naturalia, Aristotle does not seem to be precise in his use of the two terms, memory and recollection, and at times uses them interchangeably. Averroes makes a clear dis- tinction by defining recollection as the search for a thing voluntarily by cogitating upon it after a person has forgotten it, and reinstating it after it has disappeared. Averroes makes a further distinction which we do not find in Aristotle, that between retention and recall. Here,
1 Cf. Arabic text of Epitome, p. 4. 1 See Arabic text, p. 7. • Cf. Arabic text, p. 7. * See Alexander, in De Stnsu Commcnlarium, 41,3. xvi Introduction
however, Averroes does not aim to set up a new faculty, but merely to differentiate between two phases of the same faculty, for memory has a twofold function: to retain images and to recall forgotten images. Where the perception or comprehension is continuous, it is called retention; where it is interrupted, it is called memory. This distinction is original with Averroes, and does not seem to be found in the writings of his predecessors, Alfarabi and Avicenna. Unlike some of his preceding Arab commentators, Averroes limits himself to a threefold or fourfold classification of the inner senses, depending on whether the approach is philosophical or physiological. From a physiological point of view, the number of internal faculties will depend upon the number of bodily organs in which they reside: (1) the imagination in the front ventricle of the brain; (2) the cogitative faculty in the middle ventricle; and (3) the memory in the back ven- tricle. Philosophically viewed, there are four internal faculties: (1) the common sense, (2) the imaginative, (3) the cogitative or discriminative, and (4) the memorative. The term Wahm, first mentioned by Alfarabi and later employed by Avicenna, was introduced to describe the animal faculty of estimation.8 In connection with sleep and waking, the brain and the heart must be regarded as the two organs involved in the process. During sleep, the movement originates in the brain and terminates in the heart, while during waking it is just the opposite. The physiological explanation of this process, according to Averroes, is that fatigue dissolves the natural heat and causes it to diminish, for the digestion of food under the cir- cumstances is more rapid than usual, thereby causing the natural heat to cool off more rapidly. In discussing the topic of dreams, Averroes does find a definite similarity between the process of acquiring knowledge through dreams and that of acquiring the primary propositions, for on the basis of sense-impressions from which concepts and experiences are derived, one can proceed to formulate the principles of the arts and sciences.6 Averroes therefore concludes that the agent producing both of them must be the intellect in actu. The intellect in actuality endows one with universal principles in theoretical kinds of knowledge, and the endow- ment in dreams is of the same genus. The only difference between the two kinds of knowledge is the fact that in the case of theoretical knowl- edge, one is endowed with universal principles which constitute the primary propositions, while in the case of dreams, knowledge is acquired
1 Cf. Arabic text, p. 39,10 ff. • See Arabic notes to text, p. 154, no. \ y. Introduction xv;j
without an intermediary such as the propositions. Averroes stresses the fact that dreams by their very nature cannot deal with theoretical things. They deal in the main with future things or events. Averroes, however, parts with Aristotle over the question of the divine origin of dreams and of prophecy. Aristotle denies that dreams and divination during sleep emanate from the Deity, for even inferior human beings have dreams and predictions of future events. It is there- fore inconceivable that the Deity should convey these things to inferior beings.7 Averroes, however, maintains that it is through the divine element and through full solicitude concerning man, that the latter acquires this kind of knowledge.8 Averroes in his commentary on dreams raises a number of questions not dealt with or only partly dealt with by Aristotle and attempts to offer complete and logical solutions: (1) how can particulars be acquired by man if that which endows him with such knowledge in dreams is the intellect in actu which in turn can comprehend only universals and not particulars; (2) how did the knowledge of these particular things happen to be bestowed upon a particular man; (3) why is it that in most cases the imaginative faculty does not present the true individual object of perception, but only an object similar to the true object; (4) why is it that dreams are peculiar to sleep? The answer to the first question is to be found in the universal, intelligible natures which individuals of substance and of natural acci- dents have, and these forms can be comprehended by the intellect. The universal forms are converted into particulars in the following manner. The immaterial intellect endows the imaginative soul with the universal nature of the individual of substance or of accident that comes into being, and the imaginative soul thereupon forms an image of the sense-object, which is material and therefore particular. The answer to the second question is to be found in the logical dis- tinction between conception and verification. In the dream, man has a kind of knowledge which is preparatory to verification, viz., the cogni- tion of the concept. Man can acquire this kind of cognition only with respect to those for whom he has been very solicitous. The answer to the third question lies in the fact that the sense-object has two forms: a spiritual one which is similar to the sense-object, and a corporeal one, the actual form of the sense-object when present. The form that is similar is, of course, more spiritual, because it has the nature of the universal. The imaginative soul, therefore, will receive the en-
1 Cf. De Divin. per Somnum, 7, 463b 10. ' See Arabic text, p. 73, 6, 7. xviii Introduction dowment of the intellect in its most spiritual form, which is the form that is similar to the corporeal form of the sense-object. The answer to the fourth question is based by Averroes upon certain physiological processes. It is noticeable that when one class of faculties is in use, the soul will be weak in the use of another class of faculties. It may therefore be assumed that the action of the imaginative faculty will be more perfect during sleep, when the external senses and their organs are idle and the power of perception will have withdrawn to the inner sense. In discussing the topic of longevity and brevity of life, Averroes makes a distinction, not to be found in Aristotle, between two processes of passing away: (1) natural passing away; (2) accidental passing away. In the former case, the natural heat of the individual will consume the natural moisture, and coldness and dryness will prevail giving rise to a process of deterioration and corruption. In the latter case, excesses of food decoction are generated in the individual such as nature cannot absorb, and this will prepare the ground for serious and even fatal diseases to take hold. In the latter case it is likewise patent that the active powers of the body do not predominate over the passive ones. In conclusion Averroes lists the six external factors recorded by physicians as important for the preservation of the individual: food and drink, diarrhea or constipation, air, sleep and waking, motion and rest, and psychological factors such as anger or joy.9 Averroes also discusses the different errors in the views of the ancient philosophers regarding length and shortness of life. According to Averroes, these philosophers attributed longevity and brevity of life to accidental causes, such as warm and dry regions, the size of the body, and the copiousness of the blood supply, instead of to essential causes such as the proper ratio between the active and passive qualities in an individual, and the quantity of heat and moisture that are necessary for the preservation of the individual, factors, which, Averroes admits, are unknown to medicine or are too difficult to fathom.
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An. 458a24-25 63 i.l 76 458a25-32 54 458a28 65 De Gen. An. 458a33 66 730b21-23 78 744a36-37 23 De Somniis 761M9-20 14 459al4-22 69 460b3-7 91 Melaphysica 461a25-b3 68 1049b24-27 72 462bl4-18 67 73 [ De Divinatione 29 463alO-ll 70 463a3O-bl 66 39 L,- Cy\ 463a30-bll 77 84 [36-15 ,41 , jjjSin >.] 464a28-29 81 438al6 5 438a22-24 7 Posteriora 438b5H5 5 438bll-lS 11 i, 1 .71 438b20 7 Physica 438b24 19 194a21-22. .16 439a6-12 11 439a21-25 12 De Gen. et Corr. 439a26-27 14 ii, 1-2 93 439M0-12 13 329M1-13 93 439bl9-27 13 330a30 sqq 14 439b27-30 15 ii, 10 76 439b31-44a3 17 ii, 11 76 440b27-29 17 Meleora 441a2 8 441W9-21 18 378b28-30 95 442al 18 379al 95 442al2 12 381b6 16 442al2-13 19 De Anima 442b26-443a8 32 418al3-14 11 443a8 19 418b3-419a21 11 443a9-10 17 419a9-21 32 443a9-16 19 419all 12 443a21 19 419al7-bl 9 444a8-15 8 419a20 21 444alO-15 34 419a32 8 444a22-25 34 420bl8 7 444a24-25 19 421a21-22 8 444a28-33 19 421b29 7 444b8-15 20 423b24-25 9 445a7-8 5 426b2O-23 54 445bl-2 20 iii,5 72 446a29-30 27 449bl-4 3S De Sensu 436bl2-14 4 De Memoria 436bl5-17 4 449b4 36 437al 4 449b7-8 49 437a3-17 34 449blO-15 36 437all-14 34 449bl9-21 19 437b'l2-13 21 449b22-23 36 437bl2-14 27 449a22-2S 40 438a5H5 30 450b6 50 438a8-9 5 450b2O-27 41 438al3 30 197 196 4>tvy(iv rd oi>ti4>vrov 4>opa xop' 4XXi;Xa Tail' uUj TATOS \vii6t bylua jrpis porfiuav bywiat ytyovivat bypin wpiofxkvm iiwp Ixvm invtn ylmai 195 V )/* tfijXu rd BpfTTinbv rboot larpSt JeJ T& nod' ixaaroy KO$6\OV oXtadai Kapila oU xirot JiiJ Kplvtiv •cpinii ipa, tpyavov y JB Xctot karpwttitpiioy ri Xv wiBos Ta* ytot rat JUul ficXa^xoXuot , li.-" •>• i—»-U» ntppaStr *0p JUS-I r1 anirot UJ. ,^5 olit io^aaroy aloO&vtoBai [i^JJI] ^T iytlptiv aladrjTuc&if iypt)yopofs alrla &KO7, Jr' l\vrpov kvavTlov tls Ivipytiav ivOpmrot oUI ivbrviov iroXicdcn iiroafftnvbuai rd Ifyvdtv vpooiriiFTOVTa. .IJU •H* i ytvarhv T)5VS iU iinloms fr ,jt 194 193 105.2 ^M\J 84.10 £yj 102.4 jyj 14.10 im: K13 yso da tor advenire abundantia conducere : f*j 77.10 Zsjtut £*JSJ 98.11 T.U- ij\j 11.7 J^y 15.10 ply ny*T TwSi ^ni ysw 3Pn scire multus pervenire ymaginare : J4> 87.2 jilj 37.7 22.10 Sy 42.6 JU J»j nwn P3H0 47.6 p3T 1VB1 VT convenire continuus hie modus noscere 104.4 jil^ [461alO] 69.3 aw« «i 104.10 J* oyj x 39.10 «_•*, mm 15.4 \^ji convenienter oni ^y m-ay nyjn 46.6 jirl existimatio scire inductio 50.6 ^ 83.9 jj, pnn 47.5 nv ' •fm 99.10 lain 19.12 nw3» nasci 103.5 mp 54.10 continuatio siccitas accidere 12.8 jjj 22.6 8.4 ^L 52.10 contingere 66.6 jlijl yxn P3V fieri 9.4 n'jn 18.9 P3' 13.1 esse mpa ponere siccum 99.8 generare casus 29.12 esse [441b20] 18.12 frjpfc [442al3] 19.3 that 99.9 Jy 23.1 [466al9] 101.2 97.6 Jjy ^3« 19.2 **yj posse 28.4 NtflJ generare 3.9 Jyj ,2.2 J,l subiectum 95.7 ni»3' 28.7 (1) positus siccitas 14.7 generatio 49.11 [443a7J ivpi" 85.12 oVj 80.3 cJ, 8.5 Jb ny •ipo nativitas tempus pars • 55.1 ^.Sjil ^fj]j i 63.6 *~*j~l manus propter 97.2 JJ.J 95.9 Jy^\ K«nn ny3 tune 98.6 *J>jJ\ \J* jJ. ^J parvus dominare 37.5-6 cJ, j. ntn Dipan rhvs alibi : Jii 47.5 J\y ryo 92.5 j;;_--l postquam 6.5 ^Jj 71.9 .Jy YV continuatio 99.4 }Ls-l bm 86.7 JiLs-l lil preparans in vigilia cadere 2.11 jc, 52.2 SLu 11.5 JL U 49.2 ^,1 ni^'p na [habere spem] vigilia 31.4 is1? 64.10 jy [453bll]iYpi)yop 6.1 JU, 67.1 ^^.yi ^ nn'B 11.3 TIK ^3p •mx avna mori illuminare unus necessarius 13.3 jU 40.9 J^\J JT 18.2 jkj ol t-^j 64.2 ^,1 VN •triK ^3 i"y3p 'INT ignis unusquisque consyderandum est T33H |761bl8J 14.9 Tip 41.7 uterque 88.1 ^..jl iiecessarius 13.3 JU-J 3"n 7.10 ,\JM 13^ faccre TIN igncus solus aer 39.7 VUJ 66.5 ^j 3vn [438b20] 7.9 UIP 27.10 itjji i^»| HK133 10.1 _l» affirmatio HIN 'X1X3 prophetia 1.7 JU-J excitare 13.4 ^J ! £_•»» KXB [458a241 hdpti* TNB 91.7 £»,l invenire 7.1 c^-L» - luminostis npsin 56.2 x^x-l oin iniynn tens : JU deponere KX8 cum calor fuerit in- 61.11 J,Lj acquirere 30.1 J^y tensus n^'SN 4.3 ^4>M yxBK 5.9-10 *^i rl» j^ comedere medium niN'XB iDys nTiy» 'B 52.8 Jj 28.9 «kJ, ens iracundus 49 5 i 1" yxBN 54.2 013 21.6 niyxsH KXB3 dormire 85.5 ,tf_^ mediare 95.7 nin'XD 63.7 Cirpot ylytTui medium ens pio [458a22] [446a22] Mi mediare D'39 lain 52.11 fb. 25.9 .k^i. facies materia yxws 94.2 modus 74.8 ^V^ sompnium 5.2, 3 'yxoN 28.8 *^- nDn 52.11 I5JL« f\~* medium IX inaterialis medius modus 56 8 S^J, pnix oi/n sompnium vcrum [438b2]11.6,«ra£6 104.1 causa nsTio 104.8 .Jt-y ordo 1.10 » j» T3t BT1S '38> 55.il yij, rapt 99.8 .Li* narrare ambo pun 45.5 iL# 14.4 ^- Jp confirmatio ix by digestio inn 12.12 ^} dispositio secundum 62.8 ftwt^ji 3"n/in 5.6 4A*dJI *-lfJ 33.6 iJU-lj <£*• it 11.2 '1KT ^wy run n«na inn ix Vy 13.3 3'ina digerere tale idem necesse est 100 6 ill* 27.1 J^y 87.2-3 61 ^»- o* 75.6 rectum est niD '3 1XB 11.2 necessarius mori pervenire quia 56.6 oportere 103.8 l]^» 191 66.6 ^J consyderare dilatare pro inspicere 60.11 jlidl 33.7 Jj: negare 32.2 Jib niDBsnn n Tin possibile 71.1 U* Js. 73.1 (1) posse distinguens infirnnis nr )i«oi [431a20] twticplyap 18.10 jj, talc 44.3 ;jj»- n^D 13.7 E> 69.3 sal distinctivus 93.7 L.^ admiscere 4.11 j_w 6.8 \y man z 45.6 :JJL 3)9 48.2 nvna 63.2 >ii.l distinguere 103.11 llio c.vperimentari complex io 1.6 jll 86.4 ^JL. 6.4 ^» distinguere rex 86.10-11 nnon mn» ]io Vya 58.10 JL. 85.11 x, abscindere no: melancholicus 25.9(1,2) ^i nyo [464a32] iit declinare "I1DJ a 12.12 83.7 intrare 61.5 ^ purus nwon 73.8 ijj : admixtio nwai prohibere 27.1 i.1 prophetia 14.5 complexio 7.6 j.j5 £> 15.3 mixtio 15.2 iLJ 'UP yio 15.11 conmixtio extendere nox conservare 17.14(1) 15.9 ^ 98.11 nmx 90.3 vegetabile admixtus •nateria planta impossibilis 103.3 I454al7] 53.13 lingua 80.5 fSdl 13.5 UT , 38.6 ^ 15.2 op [476al9] 8.8 TXWTTO nioa yaoxn 92.6 .JuLJ componere quantitas colorare 4.9 12.3 ty subtilis 7.10 JJI 12.7 nino conveniens pi inr 15.2 yax [453bl5] 4.9(1) ««w subtilior perficere color 4.9 14.1 [439b26] 13.8 xpha 34.8 JiiJ nVo [439blO] 13.12(2) non conveniens verbum perfectio [439bll] 14.1 [436b 16] \vm,pis [437al4] «K) O 66.4 tl^ 14.12 & M 43.3 ^.LJ 2.11 ^ } DCp yaosn no ttxon divinatio coloratio medulla 74.10 c_) 24.2 ^1 44.6 j 17.5 in' »D yan yan 95.7 L. invenire 31.16(1,2) J'pn fere 2.14 JiJ accidere 41.9 IDT bs ow «np 57.2 D»n 78.9 o^J ol ilSi 63.8 nya vocare esse intrare fere dum :.UJ 18.12 nxp contingere 3.7 U aliqua 92.8 JJJ1 52.2 *i-V up^n 6.5 ,U qualitas o multus virtus sensibilis 97.3 ^rij [456b9] 22.6 ^-Se- 1BHO 47.8 sn na irj 47.4 a tractatus 15.2 now ns reflexus 9.5 fU 8.6 virtus conservativa ley 83.7 ni3T D'Djs 83.4 3JU y interiacere multum pal ma 'ipoi ns 90.8 f\j multotiens 4.4 j ymaginativus 7.8 jS\ Ml. \i ilSd* tjt ^na inr noio ns constituere omnis plus 79.11 noio »»J 22.6 17.14 quilibet 97.1 3T anima ymaginativa 67.1, 2 totum longus virtus ymaginativa rectus [454bl4] 56.6 iroj 13.9 sn 30.6 virtus ymaginabilis 75.2 fji [456b9] 57.7 baruiovv magis 60.1 JUJ JT oy 10.8 y^t J [459a22] 69.8 vulgus inN ^3 43.2 \j*** "itji uterque ana 14.3 O'PSM 66.5 0'3T 24.li jr in maiore parte 35.1 virtus distinctiva quidam 44.9 distinctivus 64.3 26.2 '^3 12.8 ij£ 55.2-3 ij^. y ptn universalis 55.3 ptnnn i2.i jr jjj '13T 19.1 an virtus cogitativa vigere V multitudo 53.13 82.11 vigorarc universaliter 100.9 abundantia 84.1 4J [439a8] «a06Xou 61.8 virtus nutritiva pin 4.2 5JT nsynn [454al3] TA 0pfTTu6, fortis constringere 18.7 ;^ 7.5 tfJa 76.10 V?s [457al3] oweWup ptn inr totum 56.4 J in potentia magis 8.3 LIT [441b22] 4.3 y no Vs 5.9 ( .» ) JJ 53.2 yj quanto 4.5 pnn 65.4 turbare potential is fortitudo virtus 13.7 jjT 78.4 ^ fatigatio 72.5 potentia -nsy rpn [J*Jl] 107.7 posse turbidus argumentatio 27.1 65.6-7 53.1 ^ 93.11 UUu iN^n nyin 3113 nepn virtus visibilis fatigare falsus 94.3 epn 71.2 Jjidl y comparatio 2.14 67.io 66.8 virtus imaginativa 13T 61.6 ^i 35.4 lf\> ly loqui 24.5 \ •av ns 35.3 101.2 (.}) J$\ virtus rememorativa sphera nsnn 41.4 rememorativus [450a221 40.11 loqui multum ijt 11.4 *-l_» [449b3] axiTr«r9(u 66.3 6.9 j£ 3.8 PP 57.8 v ns im acquisitio 47.1 nann 187 768 U.7 ja 101.3 j^J\ 89 6 »oi Jr»' 0- isp inv ISO parum 99.9 minimus O1 *> " JO.l> . nnf 19.1 «ti 79.7 jjZ iron Byo nixp [jjSi ] ^93n 100.6 mortalis 12.9 Biyn brevitas 95.1 3»»nn 11.5 J*. parvitas ]464b20] f)paxOrv* ponere into "1 paucitas 1UJ.O >•*! 19.6 ,\jZz*\ craneum 50.4 &jj «U n^3n m'pn 66.8 ovp nuop 54.6 ^ inductio D131 D'oyB non figere B50 27.8 ^jj multotiens 89.9 LUI 92.7 ^1&\ aiip" 95.5 (.}) j oyo propinquus raro complere 20.8 fere mensurare 59.7 ^Jj 107.7 .UJil 90.3 Vyl 15.11 !?3« T\obv7\ D'anp -inv posse cor 106.3 ^ .^-;T L. ^*U magis videntur 26.10 jjS [456a4, 469a6] icap&la im't< ne>n't» no 'sV 75.2 z>l\J iiyir 22.4 fj\ secundum D'anp quantitas P'SDH • iJ : 'oi 16.1 modus 22.2 quantum sufficere 24.2 J«j 103.10 o/il 95.8 j$ lannn 16.2 jUa, nsj tantum adunatio niy» habere dominium 45.12 ^IJ 79.3 [ 28.4 ji j\iju. 19 11 •" ; Ton nV'^n mm ysi nrp npp abscindere : !»-» iris 104.10 inn 20.10 rJjl 38.9 f& 2.4 JU iudicare p^nn Dtp 1BN 43.7 .kJJl dividere precedere 9.1 131 PD9 3.5 ^J 71.11 antecedere dicere abscisio 81.1 t^f jjtj #JL^J 17.13 determinare •'^ 1 [440b27] 17.11 etpijcr&u 37.7 «Lii. pars yn Dip • * pssi 33.8 ^ prescire 17.12-13 ^lui. V,i JU abscisus ns'Vp 42.8 foi. ^133 1DNO 1BN 104.10 UL» cortex D-np determinare [440b28] X*Y«X •jmn nna : .UJ anterior 75.5 J,J precise 71.8 i.Ji. 11130 1131 106.10 jj nDipn oportere 20.5 1BKO ays propositio sermo minorare 72.2-3 Jjl cUii. 104.13 ratio 103.8 paucus 84.8 j^M miiiPKi niDipr [437a 12] X&yot 64.11 eyonn ixipa prime propositiones 12.1 JT J^ diminuere indigere 89.5 propositiones '^3 1BN0 107.1 raro 82.11 ^^1 17.1 fAii. universaliter 101.3 JJl "rap Qllp [439a8] KO86\OV o'yon contentus prior 54.11 fijcjt Jj 6.10 JJJ 104.1 JJ^J 20.5 »Ui mip •\D»O Byo nsp D'Olip predictus paucitas brevis antiqui 186 20.7 57.11 (.i)jS 97.11 occasio 46.7 nap at>n 99.8 't differentia acquirere cogitare 48.4 differre 20.11 (1) :ili>l 42.9 JZ superfluitas 70.7 JJ V map navno 4.4 Jjil j 20.11 (2) pP 57.8 ^>ar indifferenter acquisitio 57.9 'a»no na melius 20.10 ^i 85.6 ^ cogitatio [437al] roD tv )wa 39.8 26.9 1333 -inv duo largiri melior 77.4 jjLu 45.7 JJ cognitio 86.10 83.9 JJft JU abstractus elephas napno 3'B'n 89.5 j melius cogitare 45.10 3[p\ Kian 45.12 jl55l J^-l •nsn 57.11 habere na»no ni^insn o'» 45.11 rn'it ppnn 13.4 J separatio 84.1 ynpnn cogitare 8.9 JL contrahere 57.8 Jji\ JUI facere 61.3 ^UJI ^3pn nntsn cogitatio 66.10 accidere corrumpere msspnn 68.3 agere 5.10 To»n 63.11 pipn 55.1 ifi ravno 72.1 J*U corrumpere contractio 76.9 >U 62.11 cogitatio 88.8 tfi antecedens noen 95.2 activus corruptio contracte cogitativus [378b26] 44.1 6.2 JJ 42.4 JJL. 5.1 >=P avna 44.1 recipere cogttans actio 26.6 JjU 91.7 %JJu 41.6 facere dividere '3BTI0 18.8(1.2) 67.8 oppositum cogitativus 55.2 JJl in actu 39.5 15.9 tolu 23.6 actu dividere inducere D'j'Dn ^« tit Mpynav 19.13 55.1 ;£iJb JJl 99.1 ^ [441b21] 18.8 (1, 2) navnos pDjjnn 53.3 J«iJL ^ill 43.6 npi^n cogitare consumere divisio 9.9 J^J 104.1 .Li actualis distinguere p^nDn 95.3 85.11 n consumptio receptio 17.12-13 5u*. VJ JU 85.5 j^ passivus ^iaj noun noK 54.7 [378b25] determinare 28.8 [440b28] oppositum 14.6 36.10 J -.-... passio 99.3 my Pitagorici [202a9] Tiffxctr futurus 66.9 39.1 l 90.11 JJi 10.6 61 JJ nann TTilD . . .V DTtp videre absentia antequam 95.6 dare 57.3 carere superfluus 185 59.4 cr«J 84.1 Ji. 46.5 «j^. npn 46.3 ,U1 nisbynn nty perscrutari pinirn »H syncopis iuvamentum 72.11 ^j 83.11 nrai 105.9 -^p 46.2 adunare epilepsia 1'VB 46.4 (2) adiutorum m'pn " * 57.9 iuvare perscrutatio ramus 55.6 i>. J\ 36.3 perscrutari 5*T.O J t Ap [467al5] xUiot D33n nry b« 39.11 (1,2) J 10.1 (.i) ^«ip 54.12 poyn Dys adiuvare pm introitus irasci 5.4 J^P fugere 57.9 ^Xi. A i • * [431b9] (^{rytif 0.1 1 .^r- p'Dyn oculus 16.11 (.i) ZJ profundere ira [438al6] tuna not* (438bl4] 11.8 32.4 vli 5.9-10 <_it U /,• gaudere r 84.5 j^o myi ioya niiyK? 'D 56.10 rJ absentare iracundus l'ya nnDf 37.1 4_£ ipse letitia D^yn 90.7 idem 63.8 ^jjp 57.2 gaudium absentia dominari '454b30] T& X«'P«" \n 99.12 li 98.5 ,_JUI 101.5 ^j na»" nutrire BID transmutare maior 65.7 ^hi\ equus 93.5 Lj 18.1 UP jun 28.11 ^j XT' miaan nutrimentum n'jn 76.7 mwirn 100.10 nisi 18.3 .lip transmutatio dominium pis 70.11 Jyl [329a8, 315a2] neraPoKft 99.10 habere dominium nutrimentum 90.4 ^Ul 29.4 JJP 62.1 cibus myo [456b3] 62.4 rpo^n 96.3 T3)n diversus errare nimis intendere intendere 17 10 jS 7.6 Jilp 92.4 *jJsJ 8.2 i,\j\ rffM 'siy non alius grossities mirari misin 39.4 alter 9.6 HAi. VZ.4, J I^^J^PJ «M^MM>1 intensa qualitas 103 5 i.A^i 58.4 J|j jS nsy H^sm non nt n^it grossus mirari ns Din 3n simile 7.5 Jilil 46.10 ^jj. valde 54.1 jUU jS nsy nnv H33 63.8 «-,» •a-\a rhv grossior 86.4 nt D'V»n irrationalis 7.7 j, 1;* extraneus complere 98.6 *«»^JI li» J-P ^ msynn 28.4 ^jj> 28.4 Jjli ntn oipon n^ira 7.5 ^J .UP H1B' •nan alibi •)'D^ p'n naturalis separare 5.7 iU vagina 93.1 ^J. 17.3 J^il n'Van" [421b29] IXvrpoy nana Han valde 86.11 J^P 14.1 Ham 27.8 pirn y-pirn distinguere remotus cooperire 86.12 3\jc*i\ JbxS differre 10.5 j^ 10.5 ,j^i. nyipipi nptn 72.9 J,i ruiD 83.8 (.i) Ji Han aperire claudere I^ynn 184 22.5 jtbJI pi* 34.9 Ji* 92.1 oliUe 6.7 j*\ D*B3sn no3n ^30 1B173 aspectus intellectus habens sitim 7.4 "IDIV nm 34.7(1,2) pL- 74.9 intelligentia scilicet 55.8 Jj» 22.6 ciLc 84.7 it* noia disciplina intellectus n*73n [437al2-13] /ud9i> 12.5 76.9 66.8 ^,^1 longioris vite jns [466a9] »a*p6Pws 67.9 (1, 2) njmn 6.7 experimentare 100.2 ,y, notificare 68.7 ]nns ]'an 104.12 temperamentum interpretari 3.1 ^^1K 10.9 JJI^ 86.3 IjL* longitudo cognitio nw 1.11 ^1 J> 86.5 ins 42.10 J,jj». temperatus cnn nis'iK interpretari yw 104.11 medius longitudo vite 66.9 jL*l noscere 34.11 fi 101.8 j •nya nrnan nnjpn 17.1 Zj*. videre 54.2 non longitudo ny'T 85.5 j** carere notificare 6.9 jjfc 71.5 JU. fJ interpretator -\vn 61.4 J •nya [464b6] 11.8 T»nn non esse vena obscurare [458a8] *Xty 52.9 fj* 104.6 29.4 f& 19.11 jJL •nyn non -]vn Ta nno privatio obscurum 91.11 non esse mirari malaxatio 46.2 27.3 Ut 49.12 (.i)^ [453b26] artnait l»n 83.9 nep mirabile obscurum difficile 72.11 [437bl3] 102.8 -*L. onnn 87.4 • •ljtviiy' Ulj informans 31.6 signari !?3«D Ton pyaio 40.11 ymaginativus 34.1 cyniD 31.7 describi 6.9 O^i 41.10 ymaginans gustabile 9.10 iuJ. tbn 5.6 ijj*. comestio yso debilitare mix natura 96.3 debilis esse forma [476al3] 23.10 78.8 rmoiN recessum puer peri artifex usus [453b4] ra^iray riot desyderare ars 5.10 x^ 51.6 ,U. 91.10 JLJI [194a21] 17.7 rtx") n^y nnya m«nn 79.1 p»JI «Lu* ascendere pueritia desyderare o'aaian nan^o 26.10(1,2) j^. 22.11 c=^(. 68.8 j^iu astronomus ]Bf) DDK •joaj 1.8 Jc*. 61.9 ji^\ verum 91.10 pvn: I'D jap inr 102.11 ^^, desyderium 91.12 ^ minor 92.1 ,LJ1 JjlzJ\ oft 24.5 j^. sanitas o*^a ptcinn idolum ni:Bp qui desyderat mulieres parvus (460b5 ) A ipuiTuids 23.8 ,U 100.6 vlJl 92.3 \JJL+ 43.7 c^U-aX-l KXO nonN nxT contingere cholera nnannn 6.8 V continuatio 1fO" * m \ 1 55.5 fjt** 11. o *J j** £**\~*i 2.12 jju. 19.1 naD nain api contingere percussio colare nn'nD res [438bl2] xXrJTTKK 13.6 ^L. : Ju 5.10-6.1 o^lj 'J. 12.4 ^^ ir 37.3, 4 «3JL^I JJ in« iaT ^lp clarus JJO b>ya unum sonus 5.7 .LL* habens concham 11.9 iLi. . . ,J [418al3] ^ot mar [5 88b 16] boTpOLKobtpnov 131 ... KV [440b27] 17.11 clarus 69.9 Jj,L» nihil Dill 1 70.7 jL, 62.4 yu* piis "^ cT • • • irr K13 -|, verum 131 . . . ]%K venire colamentum 86.9 JJU,I nihil 70.8 aw 5.5 JJL, TICK -ini' 6.1 ull-J esse Tna verior D'131 'JP 48.9 rvn tersus 71.5 ^jjJUdj duo 31.4 ^^ [437bl] X 33.2 (1) 54.4 102.10 ],J. 16.5 <_JL; 33.2 (2) noi conjunctio 49.4 j predictum assimilare 40.3 104.9 conditio 76.10 «jli; mion percipere 81.4 4i,J. j. noinn figura 74.10 1(0110 consimilis 22.11 necesse est 46.3 4j-i in rrniriD mien 85.7 necessitas non pyramis 46.1 Jiil 1.5 49.3 jroi 68.9 ^ nnon T" simile similis 107.7 Jii 57.6 mn [451bl9] 46.1 olfacere mio 7.10 ^ occupans 58.3 1331 74.6 ^ n'i 46.1 1UU mit) nobilis p^nn 8.12 fj*L. 47.3 J.^11 individuare mm occupans 1331 mi' 76.5 o^iJ, olfactibilis 86.5 ^1 J^JL. nobilior BIB 17.12 odor »san ino 16.4 Jtji, 74.11 en* [444b28] bap.it sollicitus nbyo individuum 19.9 odorabilis 13.7 98.4 ji.\ ljd^i 24.8 olfactus fliTBD "inn vtk 38.4 6.5 diaphanum aliquis VBV 14.11 «TBD 38.4 +iJ. diaphanus lJ sol 'P'K 13.8 diaphaneitas 52.3 2-7 J~ individuus 5.5 ^jUi •jnnipn 81.5 individualis 19.9 a^ 'TBO 25.4 74.8 individuum •pyn [438b6] jta^at^t [189a6] ri KOS testari 11.2 oLLil commumcans 10.9 45.6 i»lS 38.11 ijnw pm run diaphaneitas communicatio fortis 66.5 nn-u 11.2 JLL. 34.2 3£li. 31.2 ^111 niTBO bzpo nisniv maximus 42.6 o»Ll. 0D11B0 12.7 'TBD communicare 17.8 multum famosus diaphanus 43.5 communicatio 72.11 magnus [419all] Sia 90.7 jJU 50.6 ^j^ 37.6 fcjjyi ul»JI toiyn jam 55.7 ty. . . . ^4 Tnn Tno nVi?... \h dicere velox presens 50.5 lo-••^^ . 105.1 ^j nisi 93.3 t1 '• 46.11 tfjs- tno yaon Pi^n mini ^ap cito graviter infirmus nw concedere 96.7 fjj [464b30] vootev equal is 85.2 ^^U : JU 13.8 iy.\ n-bv propinquior 37.5 LlU Jjj J -nnw 14.9 tfjL- 87.6 *e.j* isiy ii D1 vb niger •B'BP semper [439b27] naain 87.5 ;Lj [458a33j J^T^W , masculus compositio yn 69.8 rd tfvrviifcir [466blO] tppTiv 13.1 J> 103.5(1,2) nyn [459a21] 28.5 ^»j 33iin malitia 68.6 SJiL. bjj compositum 41.2 rJ D'pnx nioAn adnihilare : *l> sompniare verum 43.8 <_^t>j 37.1 Ziljl describere 5 6 ;T^ ]1XT 5.6 ^j\ moo amissio voluntas o»nin speculum 518 amittere Q 11 1 • •Nil "*! Nil •& describi 55.11 J.Lj 19.8 Colj") ,i m'nani lixin p 41.2 pj, ipp ligamentum voluntarie hsbcns [454blO, 26] ;«r/ifc 77.7 ^\j\ pictor 68.9 jli 43.2 wlj 41.3 ft} oye voluntarius cm 'y'3T gustare quartus 29.5 CJJ pictura 18.3 jji. nn 41.11 descriptum 5.10 Lij oymo spiritus 44.2 descriptio n»BN gustabile 10.6 JU-JJ 52.7 modus 86.3 D'DJD [442a 1] Y 8.6 'ITS n'jnn T»wn 43.2 34.8 riNTin nan spiritualiter 'iron 39.9 J" significare 36.9 quintus manifestum est rememorare 8.6 JJ, comprehensibile 70.8 nsio 20.8 jTil 47.7 X inso 14.11 n-«i habens timorem Tain signum men facere rememorari 19.11 comprehendere 62.4 rd aladrjTiKhv fiSptov 73.6 38.8 J"£ DT [457al71 53.14 naim sanguis 10.3 ,U 23 5 nar 8.13 jlo voluntas rememorari mo introitus = J investigare per reme- cerebrum 37.3 J^- 27.6, 7 JLJ Jjt 39.9 morationem [444alO] i non IDBH DJ3H [453a8] £ivoifufivii<7K€tj6(Li ymaginari 43.10 rememorare corrumpere 44.8 47.9 J^ 86.7(2) sentire U.3 J^IJ Dnr nono 35.3 jTi 10'JB ymaginativus 44.9 intrinsecus inar 39.6 51.5 m'a? nomt 70.8 Jib j,. 43.8 nnar J ymaginatum rememoratio 19.10 J>\ ab intrinseco 40.3 *L^z. JJJ^ [449b4] 36.3 M"fai 56.4 J^A. nona mix [449bl5] 36.11 appropinquare ymaginabilis 38.2 /ii 37.4 ij introitus 38.9 Jjj •av 64.12 g li'onn na rememorativus vermis nm ymaginatio 42.5 memorans [428all] expellere 39.2 (1, 2) JU 51.2 p3> 66.6 ^tlju )V»T rememorans 34.4 nm ymago 37.2 . . . J J~ii\ nsnnn negare 82.10 ymaginativa .. J? jnain UJ curare 11.8 •Ji memoratio est in DMltB 100.8 j^JS [453a7] ion)iu>vthav 41.9 statim mron 36.3 jfir 78.9 I regimen nnairn duni fuerit inquisitio per reme- 69.3 Jlj multiplex 8.1 djil morationem TDn 11.7 j investigatio per reme- semper rnin comprehendere 37.1 morationem 89.5 oj signum 24.7 apprehendere investigare per reme- 23.6 dicere 53.14 comprehensivus 37.9 morationem sine 714 enuntiare 84.8 scire investigatio rememo- 100.6 oil? 92.2 significare 86.3 .jL* lijil 43.8 rationis ante 34.4 46.7 rememoratio 100.7 ivzzh interpretari [449b4]; minor cognoscere 50.2 5.8 iJ^I : j* 54.11 Si* aio ]Tar 92.5 jjcX. mm "mv comprehensio 101.6 jf •msna demons trare [444bl4] 20.1 "DT timid us 9.4 yVi 24.10 ^ 176 alterari in sanguinem -y 15.5 ^1 runs -mv 103.5 J 42.9 [456b4] rowffcu vilior bio 57.4 16.7 JU Iedere 19.7 J.U n'in 'tb NVU 44.6 debilitare 93.7 54.2 ny 56.3 JiU in deferre dispositio fatigatio 5.1 in' 5.3 Eli-| 44.5 Jtsbtl H.8 yu nosn appropriare 21.11 in lesio 88.9 .^U».| 23.3 yu, 26.1 indigere 24.11 } impossibile 75.4 ,T 9.4 ipU proprius esse j 98.9 t>UJ indigere 33.6 ^U. impossibilis ipnnn 9.6 necessarius dissolvere inro proprius 19.2 S 45.12 ij+ 52.3 appropriare 40.12 UL. nip'no nmiann [453bl2] Uiov (chat) o'syo dulcedo solitaria 9.1 8.8 :^ 83.1 ^1 5.10 j^.1 nrv!? humor propnum 11.12 particulariter 21.5 101.6 j 15.8 .Wiil nion aiynn ]3V bJ mulus exire 6.3 maxime [466b9] [437bl2] iiUyat oipoa Mia 34.10 precipue 104.5 venire ad suum lo- 33.5 ^ •*! i-^- 49.5 E>| cum conservatio 64.10 «|»Vnn extrahere propnetas acquirere (loco eius) 102.8 J,UI 12.6 ,_ib 101.3 jnn DHB 29.10, 11 prn castratus 15.11 'Jix'n 15.1 diversari 85.3 * extrinsecus 12.9 diversus yaw 84.1 exterior 19.1 diversificari paries extra 67.4 differre 15.2 JJL 101.8 i piT 6.8-9 n'n 13.5 viridis Jinan p KXV serpens intensus [466bl9] &^x 15.9 >)i!?n 22.6 J= 7.8 6 diversitas 'P 4.10 EJU ,> linea pns •n Vya 50.1 40.3 extrinsecus 9.3 «n animal 65.6 mpo 49.2 lineatio [419a35] [441a23] r*o« e converso [421a23] e contrario exire 78.14 j 86.4 IU-I 91.8 *; 98.12 mo won mos nullus scivit thesaurus transmutare 52.8 i^ 93.7 *i 53.2 irs_ nvon ni^p mno 62.4 to quinque Ievitas vilis 175 81.6 58.8 64.11 existere 89.8 J^u- 'yao oin verus 53.4 calor naturalis nyin 39.1 sentiens acquirere B5P 8 1 i l 5.10 I 39.3 BSPB yu.j L TOP* 4XXi)Xa rur % 67.2-3 desiccare 26.10 [467al5] iroUaScu [440b 1-2] fftttf* Ti0e)itrur nn« 31 DO 85.3 vjj 78.5 J_U 013 idem corpus non 32.14 *_JU 133J largus 6.5 .: £ em consimilitudo 73.9 ^1 5.7 76.12 ^n J»B currere glacialis ratiocinari 45.12 61.4 :-U 21.10 1 na»no cogitare 7.7 via ratiocinatio 21.11 ttspn 61.11-62.1 22.4 ratio 83.2 ^ J 61.5 yy •yaa IHT by congregare naturaliter "P" prohibere ignorantia 92.1 «. 3.5(1,2) ,y 41.9 J 104.6 J»U pars •m desiderare [453bl3] 52.4 definitio 71.4 50.7 . . J 14.1 ijju- •one ^3310 72.10 habere 38.4 'p^n terminatus ignotus 13.1 particularis 76.11 determinatus 104.9 ignoratus [439bll-12] 101.3 67.4 14.1 51.7 JUI P coire sufficere non terminatus 83.9 101.5 coitus 101.9 I [439a27] iSpurros rawion 44.4 ^L> nno 9.12 melius cogitare nnsnnn insula Pimm 87.7 (1,2) ity. congregatio 1.8 .u accidere aia 64.2 ^j •)13 12.9 facere bene V 14.6 ow 12.10 fieri 19.13 Sy-\ corpus congregatio [453bl3] 52.3 93.7 Ai* [439b26] 13.8 Xcvxif *1N1 destruere u [442al2] 19.4 necesse est 23.6 falsum gravitann33s 100.3 p 59.4 ^j^Ji ol J^. 82.9 8.10 i'tf npraw «i«i «O'JB jmbv sequi perscrutandum est interior tres 56.1 S^JS 5.2 Ju 48.10 30.10 £)\i iwn nbv wbv 65.4 boy remanere 61.7 tertius labor 96.9 ,li 6.9 gL* fatigatio niiH»n origo [456b34] K6TOS 97.1 permanentia 27.11 JU, . ' JG 97.11 vita pm nix [436b20] 4.8 aurnpla 87.6 d[Z\ remotus esse 62.4 J nroy 50.3 Lli 78.4 ocL; 28.2 ]3 inn 87.9 nnDH by m'Dy nn«en (an jot) Dip deinde confirmare existentia venire a remote 64.9 -IHVZV no 33.7 S^J 5.1;- 7.8 j« no D7P reliquie pmo 33.9 ns'7p 59.8 pj 22.11 mensura fructus 58.11 jiLi 16.13 JL« 6.4 JU perficere pirn hebetare 7.3 fb remotus 106.11 (1) JL 31.4 inn D7P [444b9] xSppwdtv secundus perfectus 96.7 Aol locus 37.8 jlrll 7.10 ^1 pirn "uir magis remotum D iV 85.10 i^ O7P inv 17.9 JU.LJ duo 82.2 jjL 94.6 rana pmo : ju niD7P ini'3 regio remotum 19.12 jttl plus 29.6 £L 20.2 JUJI Jc my 56.9 »Udl J* yn movere pimo applicare ex remote 107.4 1^ perfecte 105.1 _,«!! ^U-l iL •)" ' 69.4 lj\S 7.8 o,u Jc 66.5 ju»- D'DJJS D"nn n'Vsn yn pirn vivunt multum in remote wna quandoque 33.9 I, «• negare 94.5 jpj 8.8 98.11 IJU- H0H3 nxp ruKn brutum quidam 98.111 To-- lj\j ficus [453bl7] 33.10 fc?oy 82.9 alius 7iu yrea 48.2 c_J 96.8 JLJ multum 97.10 una o"pnn nn'o 100. 5 multus 85.2 ,_JJU- figere mors 32.13 ayi 66.6 .iJI 104.1 corruptio 66.2 yi^. o"p' 5.7 ^L, ad invicem 'im 31 87.6 i*'i **—i I ' 101.5 Ji, 24.8 if- DVP albus 77W ' confirmatio 93.7 albedo no abstrahere [329bl 1] Xewinjs mulus 62.11 Ji* [466b9] .13 spoliare 133 13.6 ^^Ljl 39.12 CjU gravare ]37 Din 64.11 aggravare album 7.1 172 74.3 'pa nasus 27.9 OI/.I 9.12 liberatus 58.8 naris 101.11 ^Jj, ran : ^1 duo 4.7 TOOT '»J« 84.9 ^j.1; 51.5 onsT 'OP mm agrestes •np uterque visus 10.1 jli appropinquare 75.3 [453b21] n« 94 6,7 J»| 11.7 j vapor QT3M particulare 19.7 AcaOu/uiacm habitantes 22.8 [438b24] 6.4 Jj| 6.8 j spirituale nnpnn primus 15.3 o 58.2-3 infrigidare 30.9 unus 1333 )'jy manifestum esse 7.1 frigus est 14.10 \\ nobile 10.7 28.4 ijj 34.1 1N3 [nan] pnmo declarare infrigidare 29.10 prius j p 38.13 ^ 8.13 ij 102.1 ^ similiter D« 55.1 U ^ diversus frigid um marinus no j'jy 101.11 5-8 J 65.3 frigiditas aliquid 55.4 •)IO3S [440al0] +vxptn manifestus 41.2 ip 102.1 0'3 1VH 'Tny py marinus 14.10 -lMnn frigidus futurum 34.6 ijl : JU 7 4 U { apparere - C^ «> J ^ 54.6 ^ 28.9 jb V jnno II»N D'j'jy frigidus DVB' »b res extrinsece diversitas 7.2 ^ necesse est rd Ifadey rpoarlrrovTa 38.11 30.1 'lip' 80.9 pso vbz [657a33] "miaon JD grandinosus 81.4 n»BN 'fl^3 apparere necesse 61.6 lij^ 31.2 J.U 88.1 .Ju lip linn frigiditas 36.3 ]JO\ intuitio tarditas 64.11 frigus = 0^1 49.9 JL incipere 36.9 o^fl j "innnn 15.11 j^l 59.10 IJL. tardus nnya 96.5 JL extrahere principium in instanti ^oa 77.2 j_; 68.10 initium 101.6 ijl destruere jnr' I456b5] 60.8 4px4 nap] 27.1 JLI semen 69.7 JOJ femina ^B3 ' 8.4 mwn [466blO] fl^Xu 7.8 oL-Jl 74.1 JLL BWB 4.8 ojj OIK simplex in homo falsus 8.11 34.6 .j. [444a29] 19.13 iirfpuxot 23.10 ^ D'BllfB simplicia curare 74.1 JUI 'C12M otiose [437a20] aT«x«« [436a 18] 2.10 lyUia 84.9^: humanus [476al3 ,744a37] Mi"?» 9.3 aj 24.1 b np3'3 n»K 7.11 Jul coin gaudere agrestis U L Ull liljJI Ut*-j .&*J J& .Ui 439a6] 11.12 alad^T^pwv 13.2 iujl 31.4 JU 89.7 ^1 l730b22] 78.10 tpyam. nya-i« np!? 66.3 V^l quatuor accipere nolle 1 [330a25] 93.5 T«rrop« 22.1 ^-1 divinus 13.8 ^jl 17.1 ytU 67.7 *I!I pro nnunn venire bx terra posterior 105.8 S\ Deus [441bll] 32.14™ 3.3 jj-\ o»n n»y 89.9 ^1 107.3 ^Jy| nriK facere alius 22.8 mm terrestris 30.5 postremus 44.8 (.}) jjl 14.11 ^L" 40.2 ,rf.VI Jl Jb-I 12.6 ^U.^i o«nn aKa TID1 % ledere elementum adinvicem pati 62.8 ninifn 48.6 contristare [443a9] 17.13 aToiX*~toP 35.2 >]1D 63.1 ni?n 106.3 J^l finis 16.13 }\ ledere 42.10 j±$. nix 44.9 pJI fundamentum passio ana posterior [427bl8] 91.5 *-A9OJ 25.5 ^Ul 6 4 nnan lesio 29.12 ^1 49.7 tristitia omnino 56.3 passio 39.10 ^1 ultimus 49.4 J»-l j^ 85.8 i.1 De> : tfil noix nomen 21.7 ^T per gens 97.11 «T K'an :0^l 85.8 (2, 3) quilibet gens -ID5H 32.14 xbv 14.8 j»Jl 16.13 ^1 infirmitas 34.8 ^ilj nn«nn 6.10 jil yjn adunare 53.8 jUJl res P'SK reddere 20.9 aliquis ripa 23.8 Ul 12.9 nnnwin 25.10 is 11.4 jil nya 45.8 nnannn 48.10 ille P91M 7.9 Oil adunatio 72.5 quis orizon in« 64.6 JI^I 36.11 ^.1 52.8 JTI auris unus 49.1 ^il y:y comedere pi: 31.6 aliquis res contristatio 31.4 alter 4.10 id 5.4 yT 39.5 modus 39.11 ^iT 40.2 j+W J\ Je-\ 88.4 tempus instrumentum P'tn 56.6 descriptio [445a7-8] 5.1 olaBriTuibv nocitivus adinvicem 171 170 Wolfson, H. 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Lane iJ, , V>JI jU .42 »mDn n'3 '"3 ]n:iV ,pns» ]3 n'mr bw inpnyns ,t»B:n HBD ,IBD-IN* pnv V33 'ai!?iN'nn "iroon .nipn ]3«^ »mom nnn -nx'p ni«3 .MV ,ii»n3 ]3* .1744 '"3 -lViN .« .1852 .Frankfort A.M. ,S. Weill n3Hj?3 ,run HJIDK IBD .DHTJK ,n«i p« .1874 .Warsaw ,njiD« '!7'3» ,TND .' .1785 .Livorno ,ni3K po ,nns p iiy .1905 .London ,H. Hirschfeld D3ny3 .'ins ,Tn\TV ,'i^n 1 .1924 .Warsaw ,ni3« mwo ? noiprt ,nB»o .IID'D p . 18 7 6 , Lem berg ,]vann nba .3156 Cod. Heb ,Parma .D'Dioilvsn myn ,3ia D» .rrvp^D* .1837 .Pressburg ,mmn nno .1864 .Warsaw ,B>DJn 1BD H. Blum- ronya ,p3'n p« n»D bv inpnyns »mom imnn nix'p .TWW UN ,i»n p« .Cambridge .Publ. No. 62 .The Mediaeval Academy of America ,berg .1954 168 Meteorologica ,LJI jU De Coloribus De Divinatione per Somnum Analytica Posteriora 61*^1 Topica JJUJI De Memoria De Sensu et Sensato Historia Animalium De Caelo pJUIj .UJI Physica L/>_yi ^1 De Juventute et Senectute r^j ^LiJI De Interpretatione De Generatione et Corruptione De Somniis oLLJI i_. De Somno De Anima De Partibus Animalium ol>Jj-»JI »La«l De Respiratione Metaphysica De Generatione Animalium 167 166 . jiar; ^it ^ ui .JL-L *;V u.e VLJI *rj> j i 01 y?- ^.J ^i ^i-i; ^r^i ,> jiTi aiiJi JI J^J iji, .ii» ,> aw* ^i ^si ^yi JASJI ^J v^. LT VI w-Ui V 01 jtl L. ^-^ ^ 1 1 CJiJI ^ Jfjh &, .l*j-v. c-^'j *iJi>" 'JL^ u^d v-^ ^V viJIij .Cji)\ 01 1UUJI oL ^ ^ ^ .U,> _^ 01 .y i #j tS^LJI «JUJ1 tXti ^jl^jji <*>>~JI Jtj ^_i yjl 1 *«yl Jl i'.. T JJUJI jJLJ JU*-y 01 ^' OjSo j>-" .'"mi' 13 D'owsn VJMB nwi. ol^j Jl j j^UIl Jv«iJI jO'siDiVsn niyi i £. jii IJL-J^UI ^-yll 01 .(•>•) X"! OlT UL-JI Jo OtSS rf—Ji^rf-VI j,- li-! "quapropter actio simplicium fortior erit in ea" ; iiyu jl JJ^I J^-SVli *~ : »*j *jjii\ ,i-jLllj SjLJI JTUVITJ-MJI JJJ l^Jl JJ ,^11 SiXcJI v^r"^' &k •1*J^1 .1^. Lj, \ aju , I ,^-JI J> 0UVI JU- ^a. 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Neque etiam quod dominatur in isto motu est desiderium, quia multi 61 «_^««J JS^«JU llflj .homines desiderant sed non consequuntiir desiderium, sed intellectum" ,SJ 61 J^JI ,y o'l tijhj il 6JJ ^JL^JI _^}t c-»J iJ^ .LiVI j,. j^iT ^ lu'y .li>J ^U JJSJI j. ^JJU LLI y 6i vi jui y L_V ,^-j jj^vi OUI^JU .LU tf>vi OUI^>JI ij^s? ur "Idest, apparet igitur ex hoc quod diximus quod agens motum est : ILiwJI jl Ji*l[» i-^Jjl duo, intellectus scilicet et desiderium, aut imaginatio, que est similis intellectui. In pluribus enim rebus movemur ab ymaginatione sine aliqua cognitione, sicut animalia moventur; alia enim animalia non habent cogitationem, sed in loco cogitationis habent ymaginationem. 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