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Encyclopedia of Kimjongilia ENCYCLOPEDIA OF KIMJONGILIA 1 Preface The history of flowers is even longer than that of humanity, and their numerous species have emerged on the globe during that period. These beautiful flowers of different colours and shapes and with sweet fragrance have made human life more colourful and decorated human world in an attractive way. Also, there appeared flowers named after famous people and flowers symbolic of ideals of human beings longing for love and happiness. However, few of them are loved and adored by all people like Kimjongilia which was named after the great man. Kamo Mototeru, a Japanese horticulturalist, named the flower of his newly bred species after the name of leader Kim Jong Il. This is a representation of reverence for the exploits Kim Jong Il accumulated for the cause of independence of humanity and also a reflection of the feelings of the Korean people and the world’s progressive people. The editorial board issues Encyclopedia of Kimjongilia by compiling the comprehensive data on Kimjongilia. This book deals with how Kimjongilia came into being in the world, the successes registered in its cultivation and propagation, Kimjongilia festivals and exhibitions held in Korea and other countries every year, events held to mark the naming of the flower, its biological features and cultivation techniques Korean scientists and botanists have studied and perfected, representative literary and art works depicting Kimjongilia, some of the plants presented to leader Kim Jong Il from other countries, and common knowledge of flowers. The editorial board hopes that this book will be of help to flower lovers and people all over the world who are eager to grow Kimjongilia. Editorial Board 2 Contents Contents Part I. Birth of Kimjongilia Chapter 1. Story of Breeding Kimjongilia ······················································· 10 Section 1. Horticulturalist Kamo Mototeru ························································· 10 Section 2. Newly-Bred Flower, “Guardian Deity” ·············································· 17 Section 3. Features of Kimjongilia ····································································· 24 Chapter 2. Kimjongilia in Full Bloom All over the World ···························· 27 Section 1. Good News ························································································ 27 Section 2. In Order to Keep Kimjongilia in Fuller Bloom ·································· 28 Section 3. Propagation of Kimjongilia and Its Festival ······································· 35 Part II. Biology of Kimjongilia Chapter 1. Breeding of Kimjongilia ································································· 56 Section 1. Introduction to the Begoniaceae ························································ 56 1. Classification ······························································································· 56 2. Geographical Distribution ············································································· 58 3. Morphology ································································································· 59 4. Environmental Conditions ············································································ 61 Section 2. Andean Tuberous Begonias—Ancestors of Kimjongilia ··················· 62 1. Ecological Environment of the Andean Plateau ············································· 62 2. Wild Ancestors of Tuberhybrida Group ························································ 64 Section 3. Process of Breeding Kimjongilia and Preservation of Its Original Cultivar ···················································································· 67 1. History of Tuberhybrida Group ····································································· 67 2. Process of Breeding Kimjongilia ··································································· 69 3. Botanical Name and Registration of Kimjongilia ··········································· 71 4. Preservation of the Original Cultivar ····························································· 72 Contents 3 Chapter 2. Morphology and Anatomy of Kimjongilia ··································· 73 Section 1. Stem ··································································································· 73 1. Shape and Anatomical Structure of the Stem ················································· 73 2. Shape and Anatomical Structure of the Tuber ················································ 75 3. Separation Layer ·························································································· 77 Section 2. Leaf ··································································································· 78 1. Shape ··········································································································· 78 2. Anatomical Structure ···················································································· 79 Section 3. Root ··································································································· 82 1. Shape ··········································································································· 82 2. Anatomical Structure ···················································································· 82 Section 4. Flower ································································································ 83 1. Shape and Colour ························································································· 83 2. Anatomical Structure of the Petal ·································································· 86 3. Deformation of the Flower ············································································ 88 Section 5. Fruit and Seed ···················································································· 89 Chapter 3. Growth of Kimjongilia ··································································· 90 Section 1. Phases of the Growth ········································································· 90 Section 2. Formation and Growth of Vegetative Organs ···································· 97 1. Root ············································································································· 97 2. Stem and Leaf ······························································································ 98 3. Tuber ··········································································································100 Section 3. Blooming ··························································································104 1. Differentiation and Growth of the Floral Bud ···············································104 2. Characteristics of Blooming ·········································································106 Chapter 4. Physiology and Ecology of Kimjongilia ·······································108 Section 1. Light Requirements ··········································································108 1. Light Intensity ·····························································································108 2. Daylight Time ·····························································································109 Section 2. Temperature Requirements ·······························································110 Section 3. Water Requirements ·········································································111 Section 4. CO2 Requirements ············································································113 4 Contents Section 5. Soil Preferences ················································································113 Section 6. Nutrition Needs ·················································································114 1. Nutrient Content in the Plant Body ······························································114 2. Effects of Nutrients on the Growth ·······························································115 3. Amounts of Nutrients Absorbed at Each Growth Phase ································116 Section 7. Distribution and Day-Night Mobility of Photosynthetic Assimilation Products ················································································117 1. Characteristics of Distribution of Photosynthetic Assimilation Products ········117 2. Day-Night Mobility of Photosynthetic Assimilation Products ······················118 Part III. Culture of Kimjongilia Chapter 1. Producing Plantlets of Kimjongilia ··············································122 Section 1. Stem Cuttings ···················································································122 Section 2. Leaf Cuttings ····················································································125 Section 3. Tuber-Planting ··················································································127 1. Storing a Tuber and Sending It into Dormancy ············································127 2. Sprouting a Tuber ·······················································································128 3. Transplanting a Plantlet and Its Growing ······················································129 Section 4. Tissue Culture ···················································································130 1. Culture Media and Environment ··································································130 2. Primary Culture ···························································································133
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