For Hard Chrome Plating (FNH1) 52 4.4

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

For Hard Chrome Plating (FNH1) 52 4.4 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES & SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS Public version Legal name of Applicant(s): FN Herstal Manroy Submitted by: FN Herstal Substance: Chromium trioxide (EC 215-607-8, CAS 1333-82-0) Use title: Use-1 Industrial use of chromium trioxide in the hard chromium coating of military small- and medium-caliber firearms barrel bores and auxiliary parts subject to thermal, mechanical and chemical stresses, in order to provide hardness, heat resistance and thermal barrier properties, as well as corrosion resistance, adhesion and low friction properties. Use number: 1 Analysis of Alternatives – Socio-Economic Analysis CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................... 6 1. SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................... 7 2. AIMS AND SCOPE OF THE ANALYSIS ......................................................................................................... 9 2.1. Applicants ..................................................................................................................................................... 10 2.1.1. FN Herstal ......................................................................................................................................................... 10 2.1.2. Manroy ............................................................................................................................................................. 11 2.2. Scope of the AfA ........................................................................................................................................... 11 2.2.1. FN Herstal’s hard chromium plating process .................................................................................................... 12 2.2.2. Manroy’s hard chromium plating process ........................................................................................................ 12 2.3. Products concerned...................................................................................................................................... 13 2.4. Supply chain ................................................................................................................................................. 14 2.5. Elements of context ..................................................................................................................................... 14 2.5.1. Market and business model ............................................................................................................................. 14 2.5.2. Focus on the defence market ........................................................................................................................... 15 2.5.3. Importance of the defence industry and FN Herstal for the Belgian territory .................................................. 15 2.5.4. Synthesis: general context of the AfA ............................................................................................................... 16 2.6. General methodology ................................................................................................................................... 16 2.6.1. Scope of the AfA ............................................................................................................................................... 17 2.6.2. Actualisation .................................................................................................................................................... 19 2.6.3. Confidentiality .................................................................................................................................................. 20 2.6.4. Focus: Technology Readiness Levels ................................................................................................................. 21 2.7. Substitution strategy .................................................................................................................................... 21 2.8. Presentation of the “applied for use” and “non-use” scenarios .................................................................. 22 2.8.1. “Applied for use” scenario ................................................................................................................................ 22 2.8.2. “Non-use” scenario .......................................................................................................................................... 22 3. “APPLIED FOR USE” SCENARIO ............................................................................................................... 23 3.1. Elements of context ..................................................................................................................................... 23 3.1.1. Hard chromium plating .................................................................................................................................... 23 3.1.2. Historical background ...................................................................................................................................... 24 3.1.3. Lifespan of firearm barrels ............................................................................................................................... 24 3.1.4. Standards requirements and customer requirements ...................................................................................... 26 3.1.5. Barrel life characteristics and failure criteria ................................................................................................... 28 3.2. Analysis of substance function ..................................................................................................................... 29 3.2.1. Scope of Use-1 .................................................................................................................................................. 30 3.2.2. Functional properties of hard chromium in the context of armament manufacturing .................................... 31 3.2.3. Complementary requirements for the research of alternatives to hard chromium plating ............................. 33 3.3. Parts concerned............................................................................................................................................ 33 3.4. Market and business trends including the use of the substance ................................................................. 36 3.4.1. Use of chromium trioxide ................................................................................................................................. 36 3.5. Remaining risk of the “applied for use” scenario ......................................................................................... 36 3.6. Human health impacts and monetised damage of the “applied for use” scenario ..................................... 37 3.6.1. Number of people exposed ............................................................................................................................... 37 3.6.2. Medical treatment ........................................................................................................................................... 37 3.6.3. Mortality and morbidity ................................................................................................................................... 40 3.6.4. Synthesis of the monetised damage of the “applied for use” scenario ............................................................ 46 3.6.5. Complementary elements of analysis: values taking into account a 4% discount rate .................................... 46 3.7. Environment, man-via-environment impacts and monetised damage of the “applied for use” scenario ... 46 3.7.1. Environment impacts and monetised damage ................................................................................................. 46 3.7.2. Man-via-environment impacts and monetised damage .................................................................................. 47 4. SELECTION OF THE “NON-USE” SCENARIO ............................................................................................. 48 4.1. Efforts made to identify alternatives ............................................................................................................ 48 4.1.1. Data searches and Research & Development ................................................................................................... 48 4.2. Potential alternatives already abandoned ................................................................................................... 49 4.2.1. Thermal spraying with HVOF (High Velocity Oxygen Fuel) ............................................................................... 49 4.2.2. Thermochemical surface modification ............................................................................................................. 50 4.2.3. Nickel and Nickel alloy coatings ....................................................................................................................... 50 Use-1, public version FN Herstal - Manroy 2 Analysis of Alternatives – Socio-Economic Analysis 4.3. Research and development works in order to reduce the exposure to Cr(VI) for hard chrome plating (FNH1) 52 4.4. Assessment of shortlisted alternatives........................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Machine Guns
    GUN CLASS #4 – Machine Guns Weapon Magazine Fire Recoil ROF Range Reloads Reload Ammo Origin Notes capacity Modes Time Morita 99 FA,SA 2 400 Long 6 10 N/A N/A The Morita is the standard issue gaming gun representing a typical light machine gun from Battlefield Sports. The Morita has been in continuous manufacture since 2002. FN Minimi / M249 200 FA 2 M Long 7 6 5.56x45mm Belgium The Minimi light machine gun features a NATO 200 shot belt, fires fully automatic only, has long range, has 7 spare belts of 5.56mm NATO ammunition, and takes 6 seconds reload. The Minimi light machine gun was developed by FN Herstal. Mass production began in 1982 in Belgium. About the same time it was adopted by the US Armed forces as the M249 Squad Automatic Weapon (SAW). The Minimi is used by many western allied countries. The longer reload time reflects time it takes to let the barrel cool down and then change. M60 GPMG 100 FA,SA 2 550 Long 7 8 7.62x51mm USA The M60 general purpose machine gun NATO features a 100 shot belt, fires both fully automatic and semiautomatic, has long range, has 7 spare belts of 7.62mm NATO ammunition and takes 8 seconds to reload. The M60 machine gun was designed in the late 1940's based on the German MG42. The M60 was adopted by the US military in 1950. .The longer reload time reflects the time it takes to let barrel cool down and the awkward barrel change as well as the general poor reliability of the M60.
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying & Tracing the FN Herstal FAL Rifle
    Identifying & Tracing the FN Herstal FAL Rifle: Documenting signs of diversion in Syria & beyond N.R. Jenzen-Jones & Damien Spleeters August 2015 A RES Armament Research Services P a g e | 2 Copyright Published in Australia by Armament Research Services (ARES). © Armament Research Services Pty. Ltd. Published in August 2015. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Armament Research Services, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organisation. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Publications Manager, Armament Research Services: [email protected] ISBN 978-0-9924624-6-8 Credits Authors: Damien Spleeters & N.R. Jenzen-Jones Technical Reviewer: Ian McCollum Armament Research Services Armament Research Services (ARES) is a specialist consultancy which offers technical expertise and analysis to a range of government and non-government entities in the arms and munitions field. ARES fills a critical market gap, and offers unique technical support to other actors operating in the sector. Drawing on the extensive experience and broad-ranging skillsets of our staff and contractors, ARES delivers full-spectrum research and analysis, technical review, training, and project support services, often in support of national, regional, and international initiatives. Armament Research Services Pty. Ltd. t + 61 8 6365 4401 e [email protected] w www.armamentresearch.com Cover image: A Syrian rebel fighter with an FN Herstal FAL 50.00 rifle (photo copyright: Mohammed Al-Khatib).
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-Materiel Sniper Rifle Congressional Program
    ANTI-MATERIEL SNIPER RIFLE CONGRESSIONAL PROGRAM Mr. Neil E. Lee Senior Project Engineer AMSRD-AAR-AEW-M(D) Bldg. 65-N (973) 724-7970 [email protected] ANTI-MATERIEL SNIPER RIFLE CONGRESSIONAL PROGRAM • The objectives of this program were to develop technologies in the following areas: – Smaller/Lighter Individual and Crew Served Weapons – Innovative Breech Locking Designs – Innovative Weapon Mounts – Electrical Energy Generation and Storage • Contractors – Barrett Firearms Manufacturing, Inc. – Cape AeroSpace – FN Herstal SA – Materials & Electrochemical Research (MER) Corporation BARRETT FIREARMS MANUFACTURING, INC. Lightweight M107 LRSR Specifications Caliber: .50 cal BMG Weight: 23.7 lbs Length: 57 inches Operation: Semi-Automatic, Gas Material change provides 30% weight reduction of M107 LRSR. BARRETT FIREARMS MANUFACTURING, INC. XM500 Anti-Material Rifle Specifications Caliber: .50 cal BMG Weight: 26 lbs Length: 46 inches Operation: Semi-Automatic, Gas Increased mobility, lighter, shorter length than M107 LRSR. BARRETT FIREARMS MANUFACTURING, INC. XM109 Anti-Materiel Payload Rifle XM109-Demo.WMV Caliber 25mm, Objective Individual Combat Weapon Operation Semi-Automatic Barrel Length 17.6 inches (44.70 cm) Rifling Twist 1 in 22 Rifle Weight 35.12 pounds (15.93 kg) Overall Length 46 inches (116.84 cm) CAPE AEROSPACE • Cape AeroSpace demonstrated mechanical to electrical energy conversion using piezoelectric crystals in gas and recoil operated weapon systems FN HERSTAL, S. A. • FN Herstal SA prototype High Velocity 40mm Grenade Launcher • Provides man portable high velocity 40mm capability Specifications Weight 17 lbs (threshold) Length 32 Inches Height 9.25 Inches Width 5.0 Inches MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH CORPORATION – Lightweight composite .50 cal barrels • Thin Metal Liner, Tantalum-Tungsten • Ceramic Liner, Silicon Aluminum Oxynitrate SiAlON Tube with Tantalum -Tungsten Tubes SiAlON Tube before and after PTA Over Wrap ANTI-MATERIEL SNIPER RIFLE CONGRESSIONAL PROGRAM SUMMARY • The objectives of this congressional program were met.
    [Show full text]
  • Behind a Veil of Secrecy:Military Small Arms and Light Weapons
    16 Behind a Veil of Secrecy: Military Small Arms and Light Weapons Production in Western Europe By Reinhilde Weidacher An Occasional Paper of the Small Arms Survey Copyright The Small Arms Survey Published in Switzerland by the Small Arms Survey The Small Arms Survey is an independent research project located at the Grad­ © Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva 2005 uate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland. It is also linked to the Graduate Institute’s Programme for Strategic and International Security First published in November 2005 Studies. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in Established in 1999, the project is supported by the Swiss Federal Depart­ a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the ment of Foreign Affairs, and by contributions from the Governments of Australia, prior permission in writing of the Small Arms Survey, or as expressly permit­ Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, the Netherlands, New Zealand, ted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. It collaborates with research insti­ organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above tutes and non­governmental organizations in many countries including Brazil, should be sent to the Publications Manager, Small Arms Survey, at the address Canada, Georgia, Germany, India, Israel, Jordan, Norway, the Russian Federation, below. South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Small Arms Survey The Small Arms Survey occasional paper series presents new and substan­ Graduate Institute of International Studies tial research findings by project staff and commissioned researchers on data, 47 Avenue Blanc, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland methodological, and conceptual issues related to small arms, or detailed Copy­edited by Alex Potter country and regional case studies.
    [Show full text]
  • B.O.O.S. Book of Operational Sculpture
    B.O.O.S. Book of operational sculpture B.O.O.S. – Book of Operational Sculpture 1 Dear reader Thank You, that You took our book. We would like to introduce You our technique of sculpturing fashionable apparel, protection and field gear. Our techniques are based on the assessment of toughest world natural and man made environments and threats, special task operations and assigments of elite skilled operational units. Following book we describe how toughest operational requirements, transformed into basic quality system requirements of apparel, protection and field gear through deep scientific proceedings. Thus guarantee creation of fashionable, health and life saving apparel, protection and field gear. We hope this is exactly You are looking for. We will be happy if You can share with us Your experience in the toughest environments of the world. With the best regards Dr. Igors Šitvjenkins B.O.O.S. – Book of Operational Sculpture 3 4 B.O.O.S. – Book of Operational Sculpture INTRIODUCTION 6 TRINITY OF OPERATIONS 7 Model of most demanding operations CRITICAL SKILLS OPERATIONAL UNIT 10 Model of most elite special task unit OPERATIONAL TERRAIN 17 Assessment of toughest environments COMBAT PHYSIOLOGY 30 Body reaction on weather, apparel, load, terrain, task DESIGN 49 Bio-mechanics, neurodynamics, fashion, deception CAMOUFLAGE 52 TripleX multi-terrain pattern, NIR, TIR PROTECTION AGAINST FLAME THREATS 57 Trade-offs, FR of layering, System testing, SOPs REFERENCES ? B.O.O.S. – Book of Operational Sculpture 5 Introduction 1. Combat environment is the toughest. Knowing how to transform combat environment in fashionable apparel is what we are standing for to satisfy customer demanding needs, including civil customers, looking for high valuable apparel, protection and field gear (APFG), providing modern fashion and protection against tough environment our customers going to stay in.
    [Show full text]
  • Curio & Relic/C&R Information for Collectors
    Page 1 JULY 2020 Columns & News The GunNews is the official monthly publication of the Washington 4 Legislation & Politics–Joe Waldron Arms Collectors, an NRA-affiliated organization located at 1006 15 Straight From the Holster–JT Hilsendeger Fryar Ave, Bldg D, Sumner, WA 98390. Subscription is by member- 18 Is There a Mouse in Your House?–Tom Burke ship only and $15 per year of membership dues goes for subscrip- 22 Short Rounds tion to the magazine. Features Managing Editor–Philip Shave 3 Curio & Relic License Information–Editor Send editorial correspondence, Wanted Dead or 8 The Red 9–Bill Hunt Alive ads, or commercial advertising inquiries to: 10 The Chinese .45 Broomhandle–J.W. Mathews [email protected] 12 A Broomhandle By Any Other Name–Phil 7625 78th Loop NW, Olympia, WA 98502 Shave (360) 866-8478 Assistant Editor–Bill Burris For Collectors Art Director/Covers–Bill Hunt Cover–Art Director Copy Editors–Bob Brittle, Bill Burris, Forbes 24 Wanted: Dead or Alive Bill Hunt provided Freeburg, Woody Mathews 32 Show Calendar both the cover photo and article on the Member Resources Mauser C96 Red 9, see pp. 8-9, 16-17. CONTACT THE BUSINESS OFFICE FOR: 28 Board Minutes n MISSING GunNews & DELIVERY PROBLEMS 30 Member Info n TABLE RESERVATIONS n CHANGE OF ADDRESS n TRAINING n CLUB INFORMATION, MEMBERSHIP Club Officers (425) 255-8410 voice President — Bill Burris (425) 255-8410 253-881-1617FAX Vice President — Boyd Kneeland (425) 643-9288 Office Hours: 9a.m.–5p.m., M–TH Secretary — Forbes Freeburg (425) 255-8410 closed holidays Treasurer — Holly Henson (425) 255-8410 Walk-in Temporarily Closed Due to Immediate Past President — Boyd Kneeland (425) 643-9288 Virus Club Board of Directors SEND OFFICE CORRESPONDENCE TO: Scott Bramhall (425)255-8410 P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Press Release
    PRESS RELEASE FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact : Anne Devroye, Communication Manager +32 4 240 82 97 I [email protected] FN® Expert Marksmanship Training Solution to be Showcased at CSTM 2018 (Herstal, Belgium) – April 11, 2018. Belgium-based FN Herstal, one of the world’s leading firearms manufacturers, will exhibit its FN® Expert marksmanship training system at the upcoming CSTM Conferência de Simulaçaõ e Tecnologia Militar, Brasilia, from April 23 through to 26, 2018. Designed and developed by Noptel - a fully owned FN Herstal subsidiary that specializes in innovative, optoelectronic systems -, the FN® Expert is an advanced marksmanship training solution that can be attached to rifles, carbines and recoilless rifles to provide dry, blank and live fire training for shooters and trainers operating in defense and security. Training to shoot - and therefore increase hit probability on mission - with rifles or carbines is made difficult by the lack of shooting ranges, the need to move personnel, weapons and ammunition, and the limited number of instructors. By providing shooters using a simulated (Airsoft) weapon or FN ® Expert: providing shooters their own duty weapon with instant feedback on their performance, the and instructors with a safe, effective and easy to use FN® Expert accelerates the improvement in fundamental marksmanship marksmanship training solution skills (breathing, holding, aiming, and triggering), and develops muscle memory. It also facilitates instructors’ coaching skills by providing objective tools to measure shooter performance, in real-time or after action. The FN® Expert measures rifle movement just before and during triggering, detects the shot, shows the location of both the hit and miss, and shows and analyzes the shooter’s performance in a simple, graphical and numerical way.
    [Show full text]
  • Dominican Republic Country Report
    SALW Guide Global distribution and visual identification Dominican Republic Country report https://salw-guide.bicc.de Weapons Distribution SALW Guide Weapons Distribution The following list shows the weapons which can be found in Dominican Republic and whether there is data on who holds these weapons: AR 15 (M16/M4) U HK MP5 G Browning M 2 G M1919 Browning G Colt M1911 U M203 grenade launcher G FN FAL G M60 G FN Herstal FN MAG G M79 G FN High Power U Mossberg 500 U FN MINIMI G MP UZI G FN P90 G Sterling MP L2A3 G HK G3 G Thompson M1928 G Explanation of symbols Country of origin Licensed production Production without a licence G Government: Sources indicate that this type of weapon is held by Governmental agencies. N Non-Government: Sources indicate that this type of weapon is held by non-Governmental armed groups. U Unspecified: Sources indicate that this type of weapon is found in the country, but do not specify whether it is held by Governmental agencies or non-Governmental armed groups. It is entirely possible to have a combination of tags beside each country. For example, if country X is tagged with a G and a U, it means that at least one source of data identifies Governmental agencies as holders of weapon type Y, and at least one other source confirms the presence of the weapon in country X without specifying who holds it. Note: This application is a living, non-comprehensive database, relying to a great extent on active contributions (provision and/or validation of data and information) by either SALW experts from the military and international renowned think tanks or by national and regional focal points of small arms control entities.
    [Show full text]
  • Simunitions Pricing
    2-U.S. LAW ENFORCEMENT/CRP Effective April 1st, 2021 (Supersede previous version) ALTHOUGH BEST EFFORTS ARE MADE TO ENSURE ACCURACY OF THIS PRICE LIST, GENERAL DYNAMICS ORDNANCE AND TACTICAL SYSTEMS-CANADA INC. RESERVES THE RIGHT TO CORRECT ANY ERRORS CONTAINED GENERAL PURCHASING INFORMATION WITHIN. GENERAL PURCHASING INFORMATION ITAR: Certain products in this price list are subject to United States International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR). Products controlled by ITAR regulations are denoted by one asterisk (*). GAC: Certain products in this price list are subject to Global Affairs Canada (GAC). Products controlled by GAC Export Controls are denoted by two asterisks (**). ITAR and GAC: Certain products in this price list are subject to both, United States International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) and, Global Affairs Canada (GAC). They are denoted by three asterisks (***). Pricing : Prices are expressed in U.S. Dollars and subject to change without notice. Pricing is only for commercial standard packaging. Excise Tax : In the U.S.A. Simunition products are imported by General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems - Simunition® Operations. An 11 % Federal excise tax will be added, if applicable. Special Labelling Fees : Charges related to special labelling will be of $5.00 per unit label. Terms : Payments are as specified on all invoices, except where otherwise provided in contracts or other special terms. Title of the goods remain in possession of the seller until full payment is received from the customer. Payments for invoices received after the net terms will accrue an interest penalty of 1.5 % per month (18 % annual). If a customer fails to honor his terms, full payment of all receivables will become due.
    [Show full text]
  • Small Arms for Urban Combat
    Small Arms for Urban Combat This page intentionally left blank Small Arms for Urban Combat A Review of Modern Handguns, Submachine Guns, Personal Defense Weapons, Carbines, Assault Rifles, Sniper Rifles, Anti-Materiel Rifles, Machine Guns, Combat Shotguns, Grenade Launchers and Other Weapons Systems RUSSELL C. TILSTRA McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers Jefferson, North Carolina, and London LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGUING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Tilstra, Russell C., ¡968– Small arms for urban combat : a review of modern handguns, submachine guns, personal defense weapons, carbines, assault rifles, sniper rifles, anti-materiel rifles, machine guns, combat shotguns, grenade launchers and other weapons systems / Russell C. Tilstra. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7864-6523-1 softcover : acid free paper 1. Firearms. 2. Urban warfare—Equipment and supplies. I. Title. UD380.T55 2012 623.4'4—dc23 2011046889 BRITISH LIBRARY CATALOGUING DATA ARE AVAILABLE © 2012 Russell C. Tilstra. All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Front cover design by David K. Landis (Shake It Loose Graphics) Manufactured in the United States of America McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers Box 611, Jefferson, North Carolina 28640 www.mcfarlandpub.com To my wife and children for their love and support. Thanks for putting up with me. This page intentionally left blank Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations . viii Preface . 1 Introduction . 3 1. Handguns . 9 2. Submachine Guns . 33 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Venezuela Country Report
    SALW Guide Global distribution and visual identification Venezuela Country report https://salw-guide.bicc.de Weapons Distribution SALW Guide Weapons Distribution The following list shows the weapons which can be found in Venezuela and whether there is data on who holds these weapons: AK-47 / AKM G FN P90 G AK-74 U Glock 17 U Beretta M 12 U HK MP5 G Browning M 2 G IGLA (SA-16 / SA-18) G Carl Gustav recoilless rifle G M60 G Dragunov SVD U Mauser K98 U FN FAL G MP UZI G FN Herstal FN MAG G Saab AT4 G FN High Power U Steyr AUG G Explanation of symbols Country of origin Licensed production Production without a licence G Government: Sources indicate that this type of weapon is held by Governmental agencies. N Non-Government: Sources indicate that this type of weapon is held by non-Governmental armed groups. U Unspecified: Sources indicate that this type of weapon is found in the country, but do not specify whether it is held by Governmental agencies or non-Governmental armed groups. It is entirely possible to have a combination of tags beside each country. For example, if country X is tagged with a G and a U, it means that at least one source of data identifies Governmental agencies as holders of weapon type Y, and at least one other source confirms the presence of the weapon in country X without specifying who holds it. Note: This application is a living, non-comprehensive database, relying to a great extent on active contributions (provision and/or validation of data and information) by either SALW experts from the military and international renowned think tanks or by national and regional focal points of small arms control entities.
    [Show full text]
  • Bolivia Country Report
    SALW Guide Global distribution and visual identification Bolivia Country report https://salw-guide.bicc.de Weapons Distribution SALW Guide Weapons Distribution The following list shows the weapons which can be found in Bolivia and whether there is data on who holds these weapons: AK-74 U HK G3 G AR 15 (M16/M4) U M1918 Browning U Browning M 2 G M60 G Colt M1911 U MAT 49 G CZ Scorpion G Mauser K98 U FN FAL G MP UZI G FN Herstal FN MAG G SIG SG510-4 G FN High Power U SIG SG540 G HK 21 G Steyr AUG G HK 23 U Explanation of symbols Country of origin Licensed production Production without a licence G Government: Sources indicate that this type of weapon is held by Governmental agencies. N Non-Government: Sources indicate that this type of weapon is held by non-Governmental armed groups. U Unspecified: Sources indicate that this type of weapon is found in the country, but do not specify whether it is held by Governmental agencies or non-Governmental armed groups. It is entirely possible to have a combination of tags beside each country. For example, if country X is tagged with a G and a U, it means that at least one source of data identifies Governmental agencies as holders of weapon type Y, and at least one other source confirms the presence of the weapon in country X without specifying who holds it. 2 salw-guide.bicc.de SALW Guide Weapons Distribution Note: This application is a living, non-comprehensive database, relying to a great extent on active contributions (provision and/or validation of data and information) by either SALW experts from the military and international renowned think tanks or by national and regional focal points of small arms control entities.
    [Show full text]