DOCSLIB.ORG

Irish and Irish-American Women in the District of Columbia, 1850-1890

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Irish and Irish-American Women in the District of Columbia, 1850-1890 KEEPING HOUSE: IRISH AND IRISH-AMERICAN WOMEN IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, 1850-1890 By Jennifer Lynn Altenhofel Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of American University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Chair ___________________________ Dr. Alan Kraut ___________________________ Dr. Hasia Diner ___________________________ Dr. Tim Meagher ___________________________ Dr. Andrew Lewis ____________________ Dean of the College ____________________ Date 2004 American University Washington, D.C. 20016 ii KEEPING HOUSE: IRISH AND IRISH-AMERICAN WOMEN IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, 1850-1890 By Jennifer Lynn Altenhofel ABSTRACT This study documents the daily lives of Irish women as they became part of the social structure of Washington, D.C. Keeping House examines the evolution of Irish women's role in nineteenth century Washington, D.C. and notes how Irish women who came to the capital found domestic jobs that became rungs in the social ladder they climbed. In their move from working class to middle-class, Washington's Irish women formed a new cultural identity that corresponded with American middle-class values. Responding to values they brought with them from Ireland, and combining them with the virtues of American womanhood, Irish women used their experiences in Washington, D.C. as a foundation for middle-class association. Keeping House redefines the Irish woman's place within her ethnic community and within the community at large that provided her an opportunity to join the ranks of her fellow American women. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .................................................. ii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ........................................ iv INTRODUCTION : KEEPING HOUSE : IRISH AND IRISH -AMERICAN WOMEN IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA , 1850-1890 ............................... 1 CHAPTER 1: BUILDING A COMMUNITY : THE IRISH IN WASHINGTON , D.C., 1800- 1850..................................................... 25 CHAPTER 2: THE WILL OF PROVIDENCE : IRISH WOMEN ’S IMMIGRATION TO WASHINGTON , D.C. ........................................... 65 CHAPTER 3: TO HAVE AND TO HOLD : MARRIAGE AND FAMILY PATTERNS OF IRISH WOMEN IN WASHINGTON , D.C., 1850-1890 ........................ 108 CHAPTER 4: BROOM AND BOARD : IRISH WOMEN ’S LABOR IN WASHINGTON, D.C., 1850-1890............................................... 142 CHAPTER 5: TRIALS AND TRIBULATIONS : IRISH WOMEN ’S MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN THE CAPITAL CITY , 1850-1890 .............................. 185 CHAPTER 6: “TO KEEP THE PEACE ”: IRISH WOMEN AND THEIR CONTACT WITH THE LAW IN WASHINGTON , D.C., 1850-1890 ............................. 240 CHAPTER 7: “SO THEY MAY NEVER STRAY ”: THE ROLE OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE LIVES OF WASHINGTON ’S IRISH WOMEN ......................... 275 CHAPTER 8: "A LITTLE BAND OF ZEALOUS WOMEN , FILLED WITH CHARITY ": IRISH WOMEN AT THE END OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY IN WASHINGTON , D.C. .... 320 APPENDIX ONE : METHODOLOGY ................................... 348 APPENDIX TWO : AGE OF IRISH BRIDES ............................ 352 APPENDIX THREE : NATIONALITY OF MEN MARRIED TO IRISH WOMEN ......... 353 APPENDIX FOUR : BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON IRISH WOMEN IN CHAPTER FOUR 355 APPENDIX FIVE : MEDICAL REPORTS FROM COLUMBIA HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN .... 357 APPENDIX SIX : BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON WOMEN IN CHAPTER FIVE ..... 359 APPENDIX SEVEN : BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON ST. VINCENT DEPAUL SOCIETY MEMBERS AND THEIR CLIENTS .................................... 361 APPENDIX EIGHT : BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON WOMEN IN CHAPTER SEVEN .... 365 APPENDIX NINE : OCCUPATION CATEGORIES FROM UNITED STATES CENSUS , 1890 ................................. 369 BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................. 371 iv LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURE 1: PERCENT OF IRISH ARRIVING IN THE UNITED STATES , 1820-1850 29 FIGURE 2: POPULATION OF WASHINGTON , D.C., 1800-1850 ............ 45 FIGURE 3: PERCENT OF IRISH IMMIGRANTS OF TOTAL POPULATION OF PRINCIPAL CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES , 1870-1890 ........................ 72 FIGURE 4: FOREIGN POPULATION OF WASHINGTON , D.C., 1850-1890 ..... 74 FIGURE 5: IRISH IMMIGRANTS BY WARD , WASHINGTON , D.C., 1850-1880 .. 79 FIGURE 6: IRISH AND FOREIGN WOMEN IN WASHINGTON , D.C., 1850-1880 . 88 FIGURE 7: FEMALE POPULATION IN WASHINGTON , D.C., 1850-1880 ...... 89 FIGURE 8: AGE DISTRIBUTION OF IRISH FEMALE POPULATION BY PERCENTAGE , WASHINGTON , D.C., 1850-1880 ................................ 91 FIGURE 9: IRISH WOMEN IN WASHINGTON , D.C. BY WARD , 1850-1880 .... 94 FIGURE 10: PERCENT OF MARITAL STATUS BY NATIVITY AND RACE FOR WOMEN OVER FIFTEEN YEARS OF AGE , WASHINGTON , D.C., 1890 .................. 116 FIGURE 11: MARITAL STATUS OF IRISH WOMEN OVER FIFTEEN YEARS OF AGE , WASHINGTON , D.C., 1850-1880 ............................... 117 FIGURE 12: BIRTHPLACE OF MEN WHO MARRIED IRISH WOMEN , 1850-1889 .. 125 FIGURE 13: NATIONALITY OF FATHERS OF CHILDREN BORN TO IRISH MOTHERS , 1860-1880............................................... 130 FIGURE 14: FOREIGN , IRISH , AFRICAN AMERICAN AND SLAVE WOMEN IN WASHINGTON , D.C. AND GEORGETOWN 1850-1860 .................... 155 FIGURE 15: IRISH WOMEN TREATED AT THE DOUGLAS MILITARY HOSPITAL BY ILLNESS , WASHINGTON , D.C., 1862-1864 ....................... 195 FIGURE 16: PRIMARY CAUSE OF DEATH FOR WOMEN IN WASHINGTON , D.C., 1874- 1883 BY NATIVITY .......................................... 201 FIGURE 17: CANCER DEATHS OF WOMEN BY NATIVITY AND TYPE IN WASHINGTON , D.C., 1874-1890 ......................................... 209 v FIGURE 18: IRISH PATIENTS IN COLUMBIA HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN & LYING -IN ASYLUM , WASHINGTON , D.C., 1866-1894 ....................... 216 FIGURE 19: IRISH WOMEN ARRESTED IN WASHINGTON , D.C., 1867-1887 BY MARITAL STATUS ............................................ 263 FIGURE 20: OCCUPATION OF IRISH WOMEN ARRESTED IN WASHINGTON , D.C., 1861-1887............................................... 269 FIGURE 21: MARITAL STATUS OF IRISH WOMEN OVER FIFTEEN YEARS OF AGE , WASHINGTON , D.C., 1850-1880 ............................... 328 1 INTRODUCTION: KEEPING HOUSE: IRISH AND IRISH-AMERICAN WOMEN IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, 1850-1890 The St. Aloysius’ Parochial and Industrial School of Washington, D.C. needed help so the Ladies’ Relief Society of St. Aloysius’ Catholic Church answered the call. In 1876, to commemorate America’s 100 th birthday, the Ladies’ Relief Society held a bazaar and festival to raise money for the female industrial school associated with the church. Just five years earlier the Ladies raised $8600 for the school at a similar fair. 1 Hopes were high that the Centennial fair would raise just as much. Many of the women who helped with both events were Irish and Irish-American. Maria Conlan, a second-generation Irish immigrant, and her nieces participated in the fair. They presided at the centennial table and helped sell goods for the benefit of others. Margaret Cleary, born in Ireland, and her daughter Katie, born in Washington, D.C., also worked many nights at the fair hosting the industrial table that offered dolls 1 “St. Mary’s House of Industry,” Catholic Mirror , January 21, 1871. 2 for sale. One of the dolls was “the maid of Erin, a tiny blonde, bearing in her left hand the harp; and in the right a long green pennant; her attire is… garnished with garlands of shamrock and emerald ornaments.” 2 The Centennial fair lasted two weeks in February and each night visitors to the bazaar would purchase items donated by the Ladies’ Relief Society, buy food and drinks and generally celebrate into the evening. The Washington City Hibernian Benevolent Society (WCHBS) in support of their mothers, wives, sisters and daughters, attended the charity fair and created quite a stir. One evening when every one began to feel blue, and signs of a dull evening were appearing, the Washington City Hibernian Association—75 men in full regalia— marched into the room under the command of Captain Thomas Montgomery, and of course the spirituous of as many fair damsels were raised at once to concert pitch. The Lord loves a cheerful giver, and the Hibernians recognizing this, made mirth and charity go hand in hand, and their visit to the fair will be remembered among the pleasurable and profitable events. 3 Just a couple days after the visit from the WCHBS, Miss Belle Lucas, a granddaughter of Irish immigrants 2 "Charity Box," Charity Fair Chronicle , no. 2, February 15, 1876, 4, Box 72, St. Aloysius Catholic Church Archives, St. Aloysius Catholic Church, Washington, D.C. 3 Ibid. 3 financially contributed to the evening and advertised her and her mother’s dressmaking shop in the Charity Fair Chronicle , the daily newsletter of the bazaar. 4 These Irish and Irish-American women of the Ladies' Relief Society are examples of immigrant women’s resilience and adaptability in America, and in particular, Washington, D.C. The social prominence and status they achieved was a result of their acculturation to American ideals. The cultural traits and identities that Irish women brought with them combined with the cultural traits and identities of this Southern town. This reciprocal process resulted when “groups of individuals having different cultures” came “into continuous first-hand contact, with subsequent changes in the original cultural patterns” of both groups. 5 These groups, Irish women and their employers and neighbors, shared “continuous first-hand contact” in their workplaces as domestic and employer. Moreover,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Colony Hill Historic District Nomination
    2 Name and telephone of author of application EHT Traceries, Inc. (202) 393-1199 Date received ___________ H.P.O. staff ___________ NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin, How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. 1. Name of Property Historic name: Colony Hill Historic District Other names/site number: N/A Name of related multiple property listing: N/A ___________________________________________________________ (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Location Street & number: 1700-1731 Hoban Road, N.W., 1800-1821 Hoban Road, N.W., 4501-4520 Hoban Road, N.W., 1801-1820 Forty-Fifth Street, N.W., 4407-4444 Hadfield Road, N.W., 1701-1717 Foxhall Road, NW. City or town: Washington State: District of Columbia County: ____________ Not For Publication: Vicinity: ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this nomination ___ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60.
    [Show full text]
  • Designing the White House: 1792 – 1830
    Classroom Resource Packet Designing the White House: 1792 – 1830 INTRODUCTION As the president’s office and home, the White House stands as a symbol of American leadership. President George Washington selected the site and approved the final design, but he never had an opportunity to live in the building once known as the “President’s Palace.” When the initial construction was finished in 1800, John Adams became the first president to occupy this famous home. Explore the design and creation of the building from its inception, to the burning by the British in 1814, and the completion of the porticoes by 1830 that resulted in the White House’s iconic appearance. CONTEXTUAL ESSAY In 1790, Congress passed the Residence Act, which established a permanent national capital to be built on the Potomac River. President George Washington had the authority to pick the specific site of the capital city, and he selected engineer and architect Pierre Charles L’Enfant to begin planning the city streets inside a 10-mile square section of farmland (Image 1). Washington chose the spot for the President’s House, and L’Enfant set aside this space for what he called a “palace” for the president (Image 2). L’Enfant’s original plan for the President’s House was five times the size of the house which would be built, so “palace” seemed appropriate at the time. But for a new republic whose leaders would be ordinary citizens—not kings— the building was scaled back, and so was its name. It became known Image 2 as simply “The President’s House.” After George Washington dismissed L'Enfant for insubordination in early 1792, Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson organized a design contest and announced a prize of five hundred dollars or a medal of that value for the best design of the President’s House.
    [Show full text]
  • Irish Catholic Architects Built a Legacy in Georgia and Elsewhere
    Thursday, May 22, 2008 FEATURE Southern Cross, Page 3 Irish Catholic architects built a legacy in Georgia and elsewhere n e-mail from Joan B. Altmeyer, an employee of the Catholic Diocese of Savannah, started it all. architectural efforts, to name a few, included the AHaving heard about him from a friend, Altmeyer became interested in Jeremiah O’Rourke, a pro- Georgia Female College at Macon and a chapel at lific designer of Catholic churches in the Northeast, and the architect of the notable federal court- the University of Georgia in Athens. In 1839, house on Savannah’s Wright Square. “It (O’Rourke’s involvement with the Savannah building) has Charles Cluskey returned to Savannah where pol- nothing to do with our diocese (except that his influence stretched to this geographic area),” itics and shipping claimed his attention along Altmeyer wrote, “but it is still interesting.” with designing Greek-Revival style mansions for wealthy Savannah clients. In 1842, another Jeremiah O’Rourke eral architect”—fine-tuned the “White House”, Cluskey daughter, Johanna Elizabeth, was bap- Altmeyer’s information about O’Rourke turned as it was later called, well into his old age. In tized at the Cathedral. out to be not only “interesting,” but also tangen- addition to his architectural obligations, Hoban Pushing his career forward, Cluskey moved to tially related to the Savannah Diocese. Architect expanded his activities over time, becoming a “greener pastures” in Washington in 1847, hoping Jeremiah O’Rourke, born in Dublin and graduated militia leader, a census taker and a member of his proposed designs for renovation of the from the Government School of Design in 1850, the Washington City Council.
    [Show full text]
  • In America's Short but Tenuous History, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Had Always Been the Capital
    The White House Reading Comprehension Name_____________________ In America's short but tenuous history, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, had always been the capital. In 1790, however, as a result of a secret deal between Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton, the new nation's capital would be moved from the northeast to a more southern location. George Washington would decide the exact location of the capital. He chose a small, swampy area on the Potomac River between Maryland and Virginia near his home at Mount Vernon. This region would soon become known as the District of Columbia. While in the District of Columbia, Washington and Pierre L'Enfant, a city planner, helped find a location that would house the president of the United States. After a suitable location was found, a competition was held to build the house. Irish architect James Hoban won the contract to design and build the house. He designed the house after a model in the Book of Architecture called the Gibbs House. The house was completed in 1800. John Adams, not George Washington, became the first president to live in it. It was located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue. Despite the many changes that the house has been through in the past 200 years, its location has remained the same. In 1814, as part of the War of 1812, the British occupied Washington and burned the house to the ground. Two years later James Hoban successfully restored it to its original form and added a south portico. The house was known as the Executive Mansion or President's Palace for much of the 1800's.
    [Show full text]
  • Charleston County News Release
    Charleston County News Release Release Number: 2987 Date: March 9, 2009 Kilkenny County, Ireland Representatives Visit Charleston to Promote Exhibit at Historic County Courthouse March 16 event to honor Irish-born architect James Hoban, whose work in Charleston led to his selection as designer for the White House The public is invited to attend a unique event on Monday, March 16, honoring and opening an exhibit for Irish-born architect James Hoban, designer of the White House, The event, “Kilkenny to Carolina: The Emigrant Experience of a Single Area of Ireland and its Charleston Connections”, will include a series of lectures held on March 16 at the Mills House Hotel (115 Meeting Street, Charleston) followed by the opening of the James Hoban exhibit at 5 p.m. at the Charleston County Historic Courthouse (84 Broad Street, Charleston). Distinguished guests from Charleston County and Kilkenny County, Ireland will be in Charleston to participate in the opening of the exhibit. The guests from Ireland are Tomas Breathnach, Chairman of Kilkenny County Council, and Joseph Crockett, Kilkenny City and County Manager. In 1787, Kilkenny-born James Hoban arrived in Charleston, having spent two years in Philadelphia, where he made the acquaintance of many of the prominent South Carolinians who were attending sessions of the Constitutional Convention. Although still in an unfinished state, the Charleston County Courthouse was visited by President George Washington as he searched for architectural examples he could use as a pattern for the White House. While in Charleston, Washington met James Hoban, who worked as a local builder. Hoban would become the architect of the original White House, built in 1792.
    [Show full text]
  • Significance of the Revival of Greece As a Factor in War Brain Surgery Reaches a High Mark As Result of War Work %Y CHAKLES M
    Rambler Writes of James Who Lived on F Street The wrnif Thorn¬ Man, Architect, by a« for time past ha* lately tikm up BN the sketch of Dr. William auch delicacy that he will not hold intercourse ton last Sunday the Rambler men¬ with or Submit . the Superiority of Mr. Hohnn, the Principal. On explanation we have parted, tioned James Hoban as having he was on n liberal appointment hut refuses t» among the early residents of give up the Plans and Kssays of Plans as you'll been aee by the inclosed. From llallette's disposition, . P street. The home of Dr. Thornton as disclosed in this transaction we expect )>. stood on the site now occupied by No. will run out all proeeas before he'll jive out tha 1331 F, and Mr. Hoban owned two of papers. of Philip Barton Key. to whom the eorh- the original lots on the north side missioners applird for aid against Hal- F between 14th and 15th streets. It lette, was an uncle of Francis Scott is necessary to say "original lots" be¬ Key. Kverybody in the District is are much smaller familiar with the name. "Wooflley cause the present lots lane." and it takes its name from than the lots laid off in the first sur¬ Philip Barton Key's home, which h<» vey of the city. The following is taken called Woodley. It was a tract of 2T»0 written in 1794: acres which Mr. Key s<>cured ih 1704 from a narrative out of the larger tract called "Rose- now into 1.236 lot* owned The city is apportioned lot dale," by Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Apple, Reaktion Books
    apple Reaktion’s Botanical series is the first of its kind, integrating horticultural and botanical writing with a broader account of the cultural and social impact of trees, plants and flowers. Already published Apple Marcia Reiss Bamboo Susanne Lucas Cannabis Chris Duvall Geranium Kasia Boddy Grasses Stephen A. Harris Lily Marcia Reiss Oak Peter Young Pine Laura Mason Willow Alison Syme |ew Fred Hageneder APPLE Y Marcia Reiss reaktion books Published by reaktion books ltd 33 Great Sutton Street London ec1v 0dx, uk www.reaktionbooks.co.uk First published 2015 Copyright © Marcia Reiss 2015 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers Printed and bound in China by 1010 Printing International Ltd A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library isbn 978 1 78023 340 6 Contents Y Introduction: Backyard Apples 7 one Out of the Wild: An Ode and a Lament 15 two A Rose is a Rose is a Rose . is an Apple 19 three The Search for Sweetness 43 four Cider Chronicles 59 five The American Apple 77 six Apple Adulation 101 seven Good Apples 123 eight Bad Apples 137 nine Misplaced Apples 157 ten The Politics of Pomology 169 eleven Apples Today and Tomorrow 185 Apple Varieties 203 Timeline 230 References 234 Select Bibliography 245 Associations and Websites 246 Acknowledgements 248 Photo Acknowledgements 250 Index 252 Introduction: Backyard Apples Y hree old apple trees, the survivors of an unknown orchard, still grow around my mid-nineteenth-century home in ∏ upstate New York.
    [Show full text]
  • Proposed Judiciary Square Historic District
    GOVERNMENT OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE HISTORIC PRESERVATION REVIEW BOARD APPLICATION FOR HISTORIC LANDMARK OR HISTORIC DISTRICT DESIGNATION New Designation _X_ Amendment of a previous designation __ Please summarize any amendment(s) Property name Judiciary Square Historic District If any part of the interior is being nominated, it must be specifically identified and described in the narrative statements. Address Roughly bounded by Constitution and Pennsylvania Avenues, N.W. and C Street, N.W. to the south, 6th Street to the west, G Street to the north, and 3rd and 4th Streets N.W to the east. See Boundary Description section for details. Square and lot number(s) Various Affected Advisory Neighborhood Commission 2C Date of construction 1791-1968 Date of major alteration(s) Various Architect(s) Pierre Charles L’Enfant, George Hadield, Montgomery C. Meigs, Elliott Woods, Nathan C. Wyeth, Gilbert S. Underwood, Louis Justement Architectural style(s) Various Original use Various Property owner Various Legal address of property owner Various NAME OF APPLICANT(S) DC Preservation League If the applicant is an organization, it must submit evidence that among its purposes is the promotion of historic preservation in the District of Columbia. A copy of its charter, articles of incorporation, or by-laws, setting forth such purpose, will satisfy this requirement. Address/Telephone of applicant(s) 1221 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20036 Name and title of authorized representative Rebecca Miller, Executive Director Signature of representative _______ _____ Date ____10/25/2018______ Name and telephone of author of application DC Preservation League, 202.783.5144 Office of Planning, 801 North Capitol Street, NE, Suite 3000, Washington, D.C.
    [Show full text]
  • The 150 Favorite Pieces of American Architecture
    The 150 favorite pieces of American architecture, according to the public poll “America’s Favorite Architecture” conducted by The American Institute of Architects (AIA) and Harris Interactive, are as follows. For more details on the winners, visit www.aia150.org. Rank Building Architect 1 Empire State Building - New York City William Lamb, Shreve, Lamb & Harmon 2 The White House - Washington, D.C. James Hoban 3 Washington National Cathedral - Washington, D.C. George F. Bodley and Henry Vaughan, FAIA 4 Thomas Jefferson Memorial - Washington D.C. John Russell Pope, FAIA 5 Golden Gate Bridge - San Francisco Irving F. Morrow and Gertrude C. Morrow 6 U.S. Capitol - Washington, D.C. William Thornton, Benjamin Henry Latrobe, Charles Bulfinch, Thomas U. Walter FAIA, Montgomery C. Meigs 7 Lincoln Memorial - Washington, D.C. Henry Bacon, FAIA 8 Biltmore Estate (Vanderbilt Residence) - Asheville, NC Richard Morris Hunt, FAIA 9 Chrysler Building - New York City William Van Alen, FAIA 10 Vietnam Veterans Memorial - Washington, D.C. Maya Lin with Cooper-Lecky Partnership 11 St. Patrick’s Cathedral - New York City James Renwick, FAIA 12 Washington Monument - Washington, D.C. Robert Mills 13 Grand Central Station - New York City Reed and Stern; Warren and Wetmore 14 The Gateway Arch - St. Louis Eero Saarinen, FAIA 15 Supreme Court of the United States - Washington, D.C. Cass Gilbert, FAIA 16 St. Regis Hotel - New York City Trowbridge & Livingston 17 Metropolitan Museum of Art – New York City Calvert Vaux, FAIA; McKim, Mead & White; Richard Morris Hunt, FAIA; Kevin Roche, FAIA; John Dinkeloo, FAIA 18 Hotel Del Coronado - San Diego James Reid, FAIA 19 World Trade Center - New York City Minoru Yamasaki, FAIA; Antonio Brittiochi; Emery Roth & Sons 20 Brooklyn Bridge - New York City John Augustus Roebling 21 Philadelphia City Hall - Philadelphia John McArthur Jr., FAIA 22 Bellagio Hotel and Casino - Las Vegas Deruyter Butler; Atlandia Design 23 Cathedral of St.
    [Show full text]
  • National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form 1
    NFS Form 10-900 (7-81) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form See instructions in How to Complete National Register Forms Type all entries—complete applicable sections_______________ 1. Name historic Bethesda Presbyterian Church and/or common Bethesda Presbyterian Church 2. Location street & number 502 Dekalb Street not for publication city, town Camden vicinity of cuiiyiLJjIuiiulUiuliitt state South Carolina code 045 county Kershaw code 055 3. Classification Category Ownership Status Present Use district public _ X_ occupied agriculture museum _ X_ building(s) _ X_ private unoccupied commercial park structure both work in progress educational private residence site Public Acquisition Accessible entertainment _ X. religious object in process X yes: restricted government scientific being considered yes: unrestricted industrial transportation no military other- 4. Owner of Property name Bethesda Presbyterian Church (Dr. Charles J. Hammet) street & number 502 Dekalb Street city, town Camden vicinity of state South Carolina 5. Location of Legal Description courthouse, registry of deeds, etc. Kershaw County Courthouse street & number city, town Camden state South Carolina 6. Representation in Existing Surveys iincludeduvithin the ^ Camden National Register Historic District title Historic American Buildings Survey haslhis property been determined eligible? yes __ no date federal state county local depository for survey records Library of Congress city, town Washington, D.C. state 7. ion Condition Check one Check one X excellent deteriorated unaltered X original site good ruins X altered moved date fair unexposed Describe the present and original (iff known) physical appearance Bethesda Presbyterian Church, located in Camden, South Carolina, was designed by Robert Mills and constructed in 1822.
    [Show full text]
  • Atlanta Constitution
    THE ATI TITUT Dully Bad Stmda3, carrier delivery. 13 cent* **eelc£r. VoL .—N6. 291. ATLANTA, THUBSDAY MORNING, APRIL 2, 1914. '—TWELVE PAGES. copies OB tfce kitreet* and at net»a»t*Bd«, 5 c«ata> MEXICANS LOCKED SPLENDID BUILDING TO HOUSE BATTLE IN SENATE Council Sanctions Bonds; IN DEATH GRAPPLE ATLANTA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OVER CANAL TOLLS Greater Grady Hospital FOR TORREON CITY TO BE PROTRACTED Now Seems Assured Fact General Villa Wires That Repeal Measure Is Referred City Has Not Fallen and to O'Gorman's Committee, Bond Ordinance Approved That Heavy Fighting Is in Which Will Begin Consid- GOUNTY EMPLOYEES IT IS DYING; by a Vote of 13 to 1, and Progress. eration Next Tuesday. Aldermanic Board Imme- GET RAISE! SALARY EGGERSpSTED diately Concurs in Action REBELS ARE MEETING MAJORITY OF SENATE of Council—Date of Elec- ! STUBBORN RESISTANCE CLAIMED FOR REPEAL County Commissioners at All Hope for Game Little tion Is Set for May 5. Meeting on Wednesday Prize Fighter Abandoned. Villa Has Taken Part of the Certain That Efforts ,Will Show Great Liberality to Arthur George, Clerk at PLAN FOR HOSPITAL City, But the Federals Are Be Made to Amend, and a All Officials. the Grady, Is Discharged. IS NOW SQUARELY Spectacular and Heated UP TO THE PEOPLE Barricaded in Buildings To the accompaniment of an inge- While his victim lay dying from con- and Fighting Desperately, Debate Is Expected. nious and varied assortment of rea- cussion of. the brain on a cot in Grady sons, the salaries of about twenty hospital last night, Johnny (Knockout) county employees went upward at the Eggers, the prize-fighter, sat at police No Action Was Taken on Juare.z.
    [Show full text]
  • The White House (I)
    The White House (I) Part A Preview Reading 1. Text History of the White House (I) ollowing a competition for the design of the President’s F House in the spring of 1792, Irish born and trained architect James Hoban was commissioned to build a home and office for the President of the United States. With guidance from President George Washington, Hoban employed craftsmen brought from as far away as Scotland and oversaw a free and slave labor force that constructed what is considered today America’s finest 18th-century stone building. The cornerstone for the residence was laid on October 13, 1792. Labor and material shortages forced revisions in the original plan earlier developed by French engineer Pierre Charles L’Enfant for a “palace” that was five times larger than the house that was eventually built. Most significantly, there would only be two main floors not three, and a less expensive brick made at the site was employed as a lining for the stone facades. ൫ᆵ᪱ᢊȰ᪸ν࣏ƚϣϬRZ ৰxČ The name “White House” probably came into colloquial use soon after the stonemasons whitewashed the house in 1798 to protect the walls. The white finish brought out the fine exterior ornamentation. On November 1, 1800, President John Adams became the first occupant of the house. He and his family would shiver within the house’s unfinished walls for four months. Thomas Jefferson was the next president to reside in the house. Before moving in, he fit fireplaces with coal-burning fixtures and installed two water closets. With architect Benjamin Latrobe’s assistance, Jefferson also built long, columnar terraces extending on the east and west.
    [Show full text]