Il “Caso" Della Costa Concordia

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Il “Caso www.dirittoetrasporti.it Anno III - Speciale Costa Concordia Direttore: Luca Florenzano - Comitato di direzione: F. Paolo Li Donni, Giorgio Berlingieri. Comitato scientifico: Alberto Batini, Andrea Berlingieri, Angelo Boglione, Giorgia Boi, Monica Brignardello, Alfredo Dani, Elda Turco Bulgherini, Pierangelo Celle, Sergio M. Carbone, Mauro Casanova, Mauro Chirco, Giuseppe Duca, Sergio La China, Marcello Ghelardi, Marco Lopez de Gonzalo, Andrea La Mattina, Marcello Maresca, Anna Masutti, Corrado Medina, Massimo Mordiglia, Emilio Piombino, Vittorio Porzio, Maurizio Riguzzi, Carlo Rossello, Francesco Siccardi, Leopoldo Tullio, Sergio Turci, Enzio Volli, Stefano Zunarelli. Comitato di redazione: Rosellina Abate, Daniela Aresu, Guglielmo Camera, Simona Coppola, Francesca D’Orsi, Daniela D’Alauro, Margherita Pace, Claudio Perrella, Giambattista Poggi, Barbara Pozzolo, Chiara Raggi, Andrea Tracci, Cecilia Vernetti. Il “caso" della COSTA CONCORDIA Indice degli articoli La sicurezza nella navigazione - normativa........................................11 Il reclamo alle Compagnie armatoriali per i danni a persone o cose ...24 La sicurezza nella navigazione - obblighi tecnici ................................12 La mediazione nell’ambito dei trasporto passeggeri...........................26 Introduzione e narrativa dei fatti ..........................................................1 Il salvataggio ...................................................................................13 La Mediation nell’esperienza anglosassone .......................................27 Descrizione della nave, caratteristiche, dotazioni e strumenti ...............2 La rimozione dei relitti ......................................................................14 Le coperture assicurative Corpi ........................................................29 Normativa nazionale e il codice del consumatore ................................4 Inquinamento ..................................................................................16 Le coperture P&I ..............................................................................30 Convenzioni internazionali e la normativa CE .......................................5 Indagini sui sinistri marittimi in Italia .................................................19 Gli ingegneri Navali ..........................................................................31 Limitazione della responsabilità ..........................................................6 Indagini sui sinistri marittimi in U.K. ..................................................20 I Liquidatori delle avarie marittime ....................................................32 La giurisdizione .................................................................................7 Giurisprudenza nel trasporto di persone, bagaglio ed auto al seguito ..21 Il Collegio Controllo Avarie Marittime .................................................33 Class action civile ..............................................................................8 La disciplina di diritto inglese relativa Le principali Associazioni .................................................................35 Class action penale............................................................................9 ai reclami per danni al carico, passeggeri e bagagli ...........................23 Elenco degli autori in ordine di articolo ..............................................36 Introduzione e narrativa dei fatti di LUCA FLORENZANO Eur e forse dovrà essere parzialmente cancellata oppu- un caso come questo comporta. Parlare di “moltepli- [email protected] re più saggiamente oscurata in attesa di tempi miglio- ci” è fin riduttivo perché nei lavori preparatori a que- ri, per buona pace di chi la fece scolpire dopo un di- sto numero - che ovviamente ci auguriamo piaccia ai scorso pronunciato nel 1935 all’inizio della conquista nostri lettori sia per l’organicità dell’approccio sia per dell’Etiopia parlando del popolo italiano apportatore il quadro complessivo dato con il nostro stile divulga- di civiltà nei secoli a tutto il mondo ma allora avversa- tivo - ci siamo accorti che in questo singolo caso sono i sono date importanti che lasciano un segno in- to, nelle sue vitali aspirazioni. interessate tantissime questioni giuridiche, quali la giu- delebile tra coloro i quali hanno avuto l’infausta La scelta di fare un numero speciale è sostenuta dal- risdizione, la competenza, la normativa nazionale e le Cavventura di trovarsi nel momento sbagliato e la serena convinzione che un fatto singolo, per quanto convenzioni internazionali applicabili in materia, non- nel posto sbagliato, ma ci sono anche date che segna- eclatante, non può e soprattutto non deve cancellare ché tematiche che spaziano dalla sicurezza in mare, al- no il futuro per molte altre persone direttamente vici- secoli di meriti conquistati con il sangue ed il sudore le class action civili e penali, ed ancora alle tematiche am- ne o indirettamente connesse a quanto accaduto ed il del sacrificio di molti connazionali che si sono distinti bientali relative all’inquinamento e la rimozione del re- 13 gennaio 2012 è proprio una di quelle date che ha in ogni mare del mondo per le loro capacità e la loro litto, al salvataggio delle vite umane a quello delle cose segnato come una macchia incancellabile la vita di im- professionalità e vuole essere non già la ricostruzione e cioè che ne consegue in termini di risarcimento dei prese e persone legate al mestiere del mare. Per un fat- di un fatto che non siamo in grado di fare - perché so- danni patiti, alle modalità e all’ammissibilità dei reclami to cosi inspiegabile quanto incomprensibile ci siamo no ancora in corso le indagini della Magistratura e dei dei passeggeri o dei terzi danneggiati, nonché le prin- “giocati” la reputazione secolare di “eccellenti naviga- competenti Ministeri che siamo convinti metteranno in cipali figure professionali che partecipano attivamen- tori” che portò a declamare la nota frase di italico or- luce” i molteplici aspetti di quanto accaduto in quella te nella gestione di questo evento. Abbiamo lavorato goglio “Un popolo di Eroi, di Santi, di Poeti, di artisti, tragica notte del 13 gennaio 2012 - ma ci siamo prefis- per dare un quadro di tutto il mondo giuridico mosso di navigatori, di colonizzatori e di trasmigratori ” che si il compito di raccogliere ed illustrare attraverso i no- da un solo avvenimento e siamo consapevoli che per capeggia sul Palazzo della Civilta’ del lavoro a Roma stri redattori e collaboratori i tanti aspetti giuridici che quanto possa essere il nostro sforzo non potrà comple- 2 Diritto e Trasporti - Speciale Costa Concordia DIRITTO E TRASPORTI to e quindi ci riproponiamo di ritornare in argomento to la chiamata di un passeggero allarmato per quanto la Costa Crociere dal 2002 è stato recentissimamente non appena si sarà fatta maggiore chiarezza o quando stava succedendo ) per assicurarsi se la Costa Concor- revocata l’ordinanza degli arrestati domiciliari che erano ci saranno rilevanti pronunciamenti in merito. Mi pre- dia avesse bisogno di soccorso dopo che i Carabinieri stati concessi con l’accusa di naufragio, omicidio colpo- me, infine, sottolineare che nel contenuto degli articoli avevano avvisato la capitaneria di aver ricevuto una te- so plurimo e abbandono di nave in pericolo. non si vogliono dare o trovare soluzione al caso “Co- lefonata richiedente informazioni sullo stato delle cose. La Autorità inquirenti stanno svolgendo un’attività di sta Concordia” ma ci si limitare a trarre spunto da que- Dai calcoli della Guardia Costiera l’urto avrebbe rallen- indagine molto accurata che richiede l’acquisizione di sta infausta accidentalità per trattare la materia in senso tato bruscamente la nave da 15 nodi a circa 5 nodi. Se- atti e la raccolta delle numerose testimonianze cercan- generale. I fatti sono molto noti ma ho pensato fosse condo la ricostruzione del Comandante Schettino fu lui do di determinare, tra i diversi fatti, perché la nave non comunque utile riassumerli per avere una base comu- che decise di invertire la rotta di 180° e portare la Co- abbia inviato una richiesta di soccorso e perché stesse ne di partenza. Il giorno 13 gennaio 2012 la motona- sta Concordia ad arenare sul basso fondale per rende- navigando così vicino all’isola. Il sig. Schettino si sareb- ve da crociera Costa Concordia, di proprietà della com- re più agevole l’evacuazione dei passeggeri dalla nave. be giustificato sostenendo che la grande vicinanza del- pagnia di navigazione Costa Crociere in Genova facente Alle 22h 59’ il comandate Schettino ha dato l’ordine la Costa Concordia alla costa era legata all’intenzione parte del gruppo armatoriale anglo-Americano Carnival di abbandonare la nave ad operazioni già spontanea- (mal riuscita) di rivolgere il cosiddetto inchino all’isola Corporation & plc, al comando cinquantaduenne Fran- mente iniziate da alcuni membri dell’equipaggio dalle e che ciò fosse una prassi nota e gradita all’armatore. cesco Schettino alle ore 21 e minuti 42 urtava uno sco- 22h 45’. Secondo i verbali delle Autorità inquirenti, il Il recupero ma soprattutto la rimozione della Costa glio dell’Isola del Giglio. comandante alle 23h 30’ era già sceso dalla Costa Con- Concordia che ora è un relitto semi affondato circon- La Costa Concordia è salpata dal porto di Civitavec- cordia pur non essendo completato lo sbarco dei pas- dato dalla barriera galleggiante è un’impresa “affasci- chia verso Savona la prima tappa della crociera deno- seggeri secondo però un’altra
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