Marinha Do Brasil Centro De Instrução Almirante Graça Aranha Escola De Formação De Oficiais Da Marinha Mercante

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Marinha Do Brasil Centro De Instrução Almirante Graça Aranha Escola De Formação De Oficiais Da Marinha Mercante MARINHA DO BRASIL CENTRO DE INSTRUÇÃO ALMIRANTE GRAÇA ARANHA ESCOLA DE FORMAÇÃO DE OFICIAIS DA MARINHA MERCANTE ANA DIANA FURTADO COELHO NAUFRÁGIO DO TRANSATLÂNTICO “COSTA CONCORDIA”: ESTUDO DO CASO RIO DE JANEIRO 2016 ANA DIANA FURTADO COELHO NAUFRÁGIO DO TRANSATLÂNTICO “COSTA CONCORDIA”: ESTUDO DO CASO Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado como exigência para obtenção do título de Bacharel em Ciências Náuticas do Curso de Formação de Oficiais de Náutica da Marinha Mercante, ministrado pelo Centro de Instrução Almirante Graça Aranha. Orientador (a): Professora Laís Raysa Lopes Ferreira RIO DE JANEIRO 2016 ANA DIANA FURTADO COELHO NAUFRÁGIO DO TRANSATLÂNTICO “COSTA CONCORDIA”: ESTUDO DO CASO Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado como exigência para obtenção do título de Bacharel em Ciências Náuticas do Curso de Formação de Oficiais de Náutica da Marinha Mercante, ministrado pelo Centro de Instrução Almirante Graça Aranha. Data da Aprovação: ___/___/___ Orientador (a): Professora Laís Raysa Lopes Ferreira _________________________________________________ Assinatura do Orientador NOTA FINAL: ________ À Deus, o pilar de sustentação nos momentos bons e ruins. Às minhas irmãs, sempre dispostas a ajudar no que for preciso e cujo amor não posso mensurar. Às amigas/irmãs que a EFOMM me deu que, apesar das diferenças, são minha fonte de alegria e distrações nos momentos mais estressantes. À minha melhor amiga, Mariana Veloso, pelas incansáveis vezes nas quais acreditou em meu potencial mais do que eu mesma. À minha mãe, eternizada em meu coração e cujas lições serão eternamente responsáveis por minhas realizações. AGRADECIMENTOS Primeiramente agradeço a Deus por me permitir a conclusão dessa monografia, pelo seu zelo e por guiar minhas ações e pensamentos de forma a manter-me trilhando no caminho certo. Agradeço também à minha irmã, Noelle Coelho, pela paciência e enorme compreensão diante de todos os problemas enfrentados ao longo da confecção deste trabalho. Por sua força e bom senso, obrigada. Agradeço à pequena adição à minha família, Regielle Furtado e Augusto Coelho, cuja presença tornou-se fundamental para alegrar meus dias e de minha família e mais um motivo para seguir em frente independente das dificuldades. Nada no mundo se compara à persistência. Nem o talento; não há nada mais comum do que homens mal sucedidos e com talento. Nem a genialidade; a existência de gênios não recompensados é quase um provérbio. Nem a educação; o mundo está cheio de negligênciados educados. A persistência e determinação são, por si sós, onipotentes. O slogan "não desista" já salvou e sempre salvará os problemas da raça humana. (CALVIN COOLIDGE) RESUMO Esse trabalho procura analisar o acidente que causou a morte de trinta e duas pessoas e cuja figura principal, o comandante Francesco Schettino, foi apelidado pelos jornais italianos como “o homem mais odiado” da Itália, não somente pelo seu envolvimento direto com a causa do acidente mas sim pela irresponsabilidade de seus atos após o acontecido, abandonando os passageiro à própria sorte enquanto a embarcação afundava. Apresenta também um passo-a-passo dos acontecimentos desde antes do momento crítico do acidente, abrange o desespero dos passageiros e a desorientação e despreparo dos tripulantes ao depararem-se com uma situação de emergência para a qual deveriam estar devidamente treinados. Finalmente, no desfecho, a história “pós-desastre”, o que aconteceu com o navio Costa Concordia após meses abandonado nos corais da Ilha de Gligio sofrendo diversas influências naturais e o destino de seu comandante, para sempre marcado pela noite de 13 de Julho de 2012. Palavras-chave: Costa Concordia. Acidentes Marítimos. Francesco Schettino. Naufrágio. ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the accident that caused the death of thirty-two people and whose main figure, the captain Francesco Schettino, has been dubbed by the Italian press as "the most hated man" in Italy, not only for its direct involvement in the cause of accident but for the irresponsibility of his acts after the incident, leaving the passengers to their fate while the vessel sank. It also presents a step-by-step of events from before the critical moment of the accident, covers the despair of the passengers and crew disorientation and lack of preparation when faced with an emergency situation for which they should be properly trained. Finally, in conclusion, the story "post-disaster", what happened to the ship Costa Concordia after months left in the corals of Gligio‟s Island suffering many natural influences and will also present the fate of her captain, forever marked by the evening of 13 July 2012. Key-words: Costa Concordia. Maritime Accidents. Francesco Schettino. Sank. LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1 – O Costa Concordia 14 Figura 2 – Recomeça o resgate em transatlântico naufragado 18 Figura 3 – Trajetória do Costa Concordia após a colisão 20 Figura 4 – Síntese do naufrágio 24 Figura 5 – Costa Concordia coberto por milhares de toneladas de equipamento 30 Figura 6 – Costa Concordia começa a ser rebocado até Gênova 32 Figura 7 – O salão 34 Figura 8 – Placa de indicação 34 Figura 9 – Cadeiras por todo lugar 35 SUMÁRIO 1 INTRODUÇÃO 10 2 ESTUDO DE CASO 12 2.1 Conceito, características origem 12 3 ACIDENTES E INCIDENTES MARÍTIMOS 13 3.1 Definição de Acidente Marítimo 13 3.1.1 Definição de Acidente Marítimo muito grave 13 3.2 Definição de Incidente Marítimo 13 4 COSTA CONCORDIA 14 4.1 O Navio 14 4.2 Treinamento para Emergências 14 4.3 O Acidente 15 4.3.1 Momento da colisão 15 4.3.2 O Despreparo da Tripulação 16 4.3.3 O Resgate 18 4.3.4 Cronologia 19 4.4 O Comandante 27 4.5 O Julgamento 28 5 A OPERAÇÃO COSTA CONCORDIA 30 5.1 O Desafio 30 5.2 O Desfecho 32 6 COSTA CONCORDIA EM 2016 34 7 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS 36 ANEXO 1 – DIÁLOGO 38 REFERÊNCIAS 40 10 1 INTRODUÇÃO Quando o homem se sedentarizou, considerando o final da Pré-História e o início da Idade Antiga, procurou locais próximos aos grandes rios para praticar a agropecuária. Porém, essa atividade gerou um excedente de produção que precisava ser escoado, feito por terra e pelos grandes rios. Dentre as civilizações pioneiras na navegação estão: Mesopotâmia, com os rios Tigre e Eufrates; a Índia, com o rio Ganges; a China, com os rios Amarelo e Azul, e o Egito, com o Nilo, onde imperavam os navios de papiro. Os três países ainda preservam o hábito do comércio fluvial. Somente os Fenícios, por volta de 3.000 a.C., desvendaram completamente o Mar Mediterrâneo. Em função da geografia local, com portos naturais e terreno acidentado e pouco fértil, no início, praticavam a pesca. Naturalmente, foram conquistando os postos de maiores comerciantes marítimos da Idade Antiga. Com a evolução das técnicas de navegação, as embarcações, cada vez maiores e Sofisticadas, começaram a ser utilizadas em longas viagens porém, antigamente, viajar de navio não era algo tão apreciado pelas pessoas, até o início do século. O único modo de fazer as travessias intercontinentais era a bordo dos, até então, não tão confortáveis navios de passageiros. A popularidade dos navios começou a cair. A partir daí, os navios passaram por um processo de reestruturação e ficaram ainda mais modernos e luxuosos, para continuar atraindo os clientes. A engenharia metalúrgica não parava de evoluir e inventar poderosas ligas metálicas, que deixaram os navios cada vez mais seguros. Em 1712, a história começou a mudar, com a invenção do motor a vapor por Thomas Newcomen. Anos mais tarde, com o aumento da concorrência, as companhias marítimas começaram a criar estratégias para se diferenciarem entre si, e o conceito de navios luxuosos começou a aparecer. Navegar como meio de transporte deixou de ser uma necessidade e passou a ser um destino de férias. Atualmente, são milhões de cruzeiristas que lotam navios ao redor do mundo. Devido à natureza da carga (seres humanos) transportada por esse tipo de embarcação e da sua importância a segurança torna-se fundamental. Foram criadas e adaptadas convenções que regulamentam e estabelecem padrões a serem seguidos pela tripulação tais como treinamentos para serem realizados juntamente com os passageiros que forem desfrutar da viagem. Esses treinamentos visam evitar a ocorrência de acidentes e incidentes. O desenvolvimento deste trabalho tem como objetivo expor detalhes do acidente envolvendo o maior cruzeiro da empresa Costa Crociere, o Costa Concordia. Analisar como aconteceu o caso, quando aconteceu, se poderia ou não ser evitado, os procedimentos de emergência utilizados, os possíveis responsáveis e, além disso, o destino que tiveram as principais figuras da tragédia. O Comandante e o navio propriamente dito. Os dados expostos foram retirados de sites, documentários sobre o acidente, revistas, livros, jornais e aulas ministradas na Escola de Formação de Oficiais da Marinha Mercante (EFOMM) com o objetivo de obter o maior número de informações possíveis e de forma que 11 pudesse ser avaliada a veracidade de tais informações através da análise e comparação dos fatos. O trabalho estrutura-se em sete capítulos (a partir da introdução), apresentando-se no segundo uma breve conceituação do que é um “estudo de caso”. No terceiro capítulo há uma comparação entre acidente e incidente de acordo com a IMO e, a partir do capítulo quatro o objeto de estudo propriamente dito entra em cena, o navio Costa Concordia e o acidente no qual esteve envolvido, procedimentos de emergência a serem adotados a bordo, uma cronologia detalhada da madrugada do acidente desde seu início até meses depois enquanto ainda eram encontrados corpos no mar. O quinto capítulo aborda a operação de retirada do navio do rochedo no qual ficou meses apoiado e tudo que foi necessário para que os engenheiros envolvidos no trabalho obtivessem sucesso em sua missão. No capítulo seis é exposta a última etapa de uma missão hercúlea e a última viagem do navio, para ser desmantelado e para finalizar, o desenrolar do julgamento de Francesco Schettino, dois anos após a trágica noite.
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