TROTSKYSM IN GEORGE ORWELLl’S ANIMAL FARM Hariyono, S.S., M.Pd. [email protected] Drs. Putut Handoko, M.Pd. [email protected] Universitas Dr. Soetomo Surabaya Abstract This paper presents the idea of Trostksyms in George Orwell’s Animal Farm. While critics often portray Orwell as anti- communist due to his critiques on the character Napoleon as the representation of Stalin. On the other hand, this paper describes that Orwell through the character Snowball shows great sympathy on Snowball. This paper finds that it describes that Snowball is the portrayal of Trostky. Keywords : Trostksyms, Marxism, Animal Farm A.Introduction technology led to greater wealth, but many people thought that wealth was not fairly George Orwell’s Animal Farm is a shared by everyone. Many stayed poor, and well-known work that portrays Soviet Union others become rich (Wallbank, 1979:496). at the time when the ideology of Marxism The industrial revolution then caused became the basic ideology of the state and critics to disagree with the access of the was still practiced, spread, and strong. In revolution and suggest solution for it. This order to know the allegory , symbols, and led to the birth of socialists, for example details of the story, the knowledge about Robert Owen. Robert Owen was an Marxism and its praxis who hold the teaching industrialist who was good enough to build an ideology once was becoming important houses for his workers. This approach was and starts to be discussed again today. severely criticized by Karl Marx who Marxism is an ism that is based on the name considered it unscientific, fake, and utopia. of the founder of the teaching Karl Marx. Karl Marx was a revolutionary who believed Karl Marx teaches that the history of human that capitalistic system was doomed beings is nothing but the history of class (Wallbank, 1979:501). Capitalism would be struggle on economic causes. Karl Marx destroyed in a revolution. He saw history as lived at the time of the industrial revolution history as the exploitation by the capitalists when a growing industry world was at the who were very among the proletariats who peak. It was the time for the steam engine, the were very large numbers in amount. He wrote factory, and the railroad changed society that the history of human beings were much (Wallbank,1979:496). This industrial classified into some steps: The first was the revolution caused problem. The new communist time. It was the time when there 1. The view that the history of was no possession because everything was human beings is but a struggle for owned by society. It was the primitive time, economic based on materialism struggle. when people lived in caves or primitive 2. The principles that capitalism is stages of people. The second phase took place the worst evil that causes human when the feudalism was introduced and used beings’ suffer. among societies. The concept of belongings 3. In order to eliminate the forever was known and people knew the meaning of conflicts between the capitalists accumulation of capital. They believed that against the proletariats, it is a having land and its function as productive must to gain a classless world. 4. The classless world will be run in soil to make the wealth created people and a proletariat dictatorship. nations. The third phase took place when 5. The unity of all poor people industrialization became intensified. It was against the oppressors. the time that was faced by Marx himself. The (Sargent,1986:108-58) invention of technology and new land were the most productive means to accumulate the However, it must be noted that there wealth among the capitalist people, society, was no agreement among Marxists about the and nations. It caused the numbers of poor methods to end the proletariats’ sufferings. people, society, and nation to increase day by What was done a certain Marxist group as day, while the more and more people who correct in the line of the teaching of Karl were rich less and less because of the Marx would be seen other Marxists as technology and competition among them revisionist at best, and agent of capitalist which often regarged as bloody. The fourth world at worst. There will be a discussion phase was socialism. It was the time when dealing with the issue. The glorious October people wanted to end class antagonism by Revolution in 1917 which united the many promoting socialism. People want to Marxist factions and led by the great trio of cooperate .For Marx, it did not work well Leon Trotsky ( A Russian Jew), Iosef because the class division still existed. Dugashvili (later called Stalin, a Georgian), Therefore, the last phase that would be and Ivan Lenin ( A Russian) was very communism. It would be the time when successful to overthrow the corrupt, despotic, people live peacefully because the capitalists and cruel Tsar Nicholas II of Russia. From who had made them suffer had been this revolution the dream on a beautiful world liquidated. and land for all workers around the world was started. It was dreamt as the ideal state for a In order to make the dream of the worker to live in. However, since the world of proletariats come true, he advocated beginning a small group of Marxists under a some principles. The principles were stated German Jew girl named Rosa Luxemburg by Lyman Tower Sargent (1986). He stated had stated that the revolution was against the the principles of Marxism as follows: principle of Marxism. She stated that the revolution was against Marxism because it did not work spontaneously. It was triggered only by a small group of people under a group the effect of the first world war, the effect of of party that worked as the representative of white conter revolution was triggered by the the workers at least around Russia starting the British consumed energy for the new country. revolution. This action, according to Rosa Stalin for example, made a relationship with Luxemburg would be a means to justify the the capitalist states like France, fascist cruelty under a new regime of Russia. government like Nazi Germany, Sweden etc. Whereas, the idea was strongly opposed by When three important states (Russia, an intellectual, Leon Trotsky who wrote, Ukraine, and Byelorussia) were incorporated taught intellectual (but he had less access to into the Soviet Union and using the red flag mass) about the importance of permanent and there were the pictures of hammer and revolution. The duty of the Soviet Union as sickle symbolizing the workers and peasants, the only Marxist state at the time was people faced optimism. It was the time when spreading the idea of Marxist world and Russia and its traditional competitor in Slavic advocated the revolution around the peoples. world , Ukraine could work together, and its If the concept was refused by Stalin, influence spread to muslim socities in according to Trotsky, Stalin just produced a Uzbekistan. It seemed perfect and smooth. state that was full with apparatus who worked The problem was rising when after the death against its citizens. Along with Rosa of Lenin (after short time of reigning, four Luxemburg, Trotsky claimed that the Soviet years) and the rise of Stalin complicated the Union failed to be the heaven for the relation among the leaders and its proletariats because it was turned by Stalin interpretation regarding the orthodox into the state of beureaucracy. For the Marxism should be. Stalin and Trotsky had supporter of Stalin who were not really different ideas on how Marxism was educated and agitation that was portrayed by implemented and the different ideas between Stalin that Trotsky was against communism them created a division among the cadets of and he was revisionists, and the worst was communism. For Stalin, who was not very that he was a British agent. Trotsky was intellectual, the principles of Marxism had to forced to leave the Soviet Union , and then be practiced first in the Soviet Union. It was stayed in Mexico, until a suspected agent of seen very pragmatic by his opponent Russia executed him. especially Trotsky. It did not mean that Stalin did not dream about exporting revolution After the second world war, the around the world in which he introduced a ideology of Marxism, whether because of the body of international communists strong Soviet Union could destroy fascism or, (comintern, where many “Indonesians” because it was seen as alteration against the joined the group in 1920’s such as Sneevliet, ideology of capitalism that was seen as the Musso, Alimin, Darsono, Semaun ,etc. Tan another face of the western imperialism, Malaka joined for a while and then expelled many new born states in the third world after his refutation joining the revolt in countries and eastern Europe believed in 1926).The pragmatic reason given by Stalin Marxism. They brought also the variation on was that after the bloody revolution in 1917, concept on Marxism. In Asia, and Africa where industrialization as the basic combination from the idea that Orwell uses requirements for Karl Marx’s theory on the Snowball as a symbol of a real revolutionary brutality of capitalism cannot be found, the Marxist and the proofs that show the idea and communists in the continents gained supports from peasants and intellectuals who were not also start from the proofs and then formulate satisfied with ethnic hatred, and feudalism, to the conclusion. and corruption in their countries, that was why the Chinese version of Marxism as installed by Mao Tse Tung and Li Sao Qi was C. Analysis and Discussion interesting for their co-ideologists in Asia, like Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia etc.